290 lines
27 KiB
XML
290 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.63.565" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7755d043-e212-4659-b94e-448863b9ea75" ID-PMC="PMC3088399" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-63-1" ID-PubMed="21594019" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2010" ModsDocID="1313-2970-63-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 63" ModsDocTitle="Eight new species and an annotated checklist of Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Canada and Alaska" checkinTime="1451250932361" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fernandez-Triana, Jose L." docDate="2010" docId="E81DCD0D9A163DF7AF806A6EE01067D6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 63: 1-53" docOrigin="ZooKeys 63" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.63.565" docTitle="Venanus heberti Fernandez-Triana, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FF900F55FFD3230A115BFFA0FFD2FFAC" masterDocTitle="Eight new species and an annotated checklist of Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Canada and Alaska" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1668163694984" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Eight new species and an annotated checklist of Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Canada and Alaska</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fernandez-Triana, Jose L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>63</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>53</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.63.565</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.63.565</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-63-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159360395" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E81DCD0D9A163DF7AF806A6EE01067D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E81DCD0D9A163DF7AF806A6EE01067D6" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B1DF493F-7D2D-46C4-B7E2-AC26D8EA06FE" authority="Fernandez-Triana" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Venanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venanus heberti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heberti">
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Venanus heberti
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández-Triana">Fernandez-Triana</normalizedToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="20" pageNumber="21">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 19, 20
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Venanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venanus pinicola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinicola">Venanus pinicola</taxonomicName>
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Mason, 1981: 95 (in part). [Examined].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Canada, Prince Edward Island, Blooming Point, 46°24.486'N, 62°57.062'W.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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Holotype. Male (CNC), with labels as follows: CANADA: PEI, Blooming Point, 46°24.486'N, 62°57.062'W, 23.vii.2008, fallow field, 6m, Goulet,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">Boudreault</pageBreakToken>
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& Badiss, sweeping, #16. Second label with Specimen ID: MIC 000476. CNC TYPE 23942.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Paratypes (CNC): 1 ♀ Annapolis Royal, NS, 7.ix.1945, J. McDunnough, ex Microlep. on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Gaylussacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gaylussacia" order="Ericales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Gaylussacia</taxonomicName>
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; 2 ♂ same data than holotype (Specimen ID: MIC 000474 and MIC 000475); 1 ♂ Bridgetown, NS, 2.ix.12, JES; 1♂ Sable Island, NS, 11-15.ix.1967, W.R.M. Mason; 1 ♂ Halifax, NS, 15.viii.1954, J. McDunnough, ex
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Caloptilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caloptilia asplenifoliella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asplenifoliella">Caloptilia asplenifoliella</taxonomicName>
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; 1 ♂ Knowlton, QC, 19.viii.1929, G. S. Walley, ex larva on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Myrica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrica" order="Fagales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Myrica</taxonomicName>
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; 1 ♂ Kazabazua, QC, 19.viii.1933, G. S. Walley, ex larva on blueberry.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Venanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venanus heberti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heberti">Venanus heberti</taxonomicName>
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is similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Venanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venanus pinicola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinicola">Venanus pinicola</taxonomicName>
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Mason, 1981, and will run to that species in the recent key to the New World species (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Whitfield et al. in press</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Venanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venanus pinicola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinicola">Venanus pinicola</taxonomicName>
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is smaller (females: 1.6-1.9 mm, average=1.7 mm, N=8; males 1.7-2.4 mm, average=2.0 mm, N=5) than
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Venanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venanus heberti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heberti">Venanus heberti</taxonomicName>
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(female: 2.2 mm; males: 2.0-2.4 mm, average=2.2, N=8). The size (width and height) of the second submarginal cell in the fore wing (compared to the length of vein r, the width and the length of stigma) is smaller in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Venanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venanus pinicola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinicola">Venanus pinicola</taxonomicName>
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-usually the values represent 0.6-0.8 of similar proportions for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Venanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venanus heberti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heberti">Venanus heberti</taxonomicName>
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. The males of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Venanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venanus pinicola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinicola">Venanus pinicola</taxonomicName>
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have its veins mostly pigmented (as have the females of both species), contrasting with mostly unpigmented veins in males of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Venanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venanus heberti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heberti">Venanus heberti</taxonomicName>
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. The two species have different geographical distributions:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Venanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venanus pinicola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinicola">Venanus pinicola</taxonomicName>
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in west Canada/US (AB, BC, YT and ID) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Venanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venanus heberti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heberti">Venanus heberti</taxonomicName>
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in Eastern Canada. The known hosts are different: the Gelechids
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Coleotechnites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coleotechnites milleri" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milleri">Coleotechnites milleri</taxonomicName>
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(Busck, 1914) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Coleotechnites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coleotechnites starki" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="starki">Coleotechnites starki</taxonomicName>
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(Freeman, 1957) for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Venanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venanus pinicola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinicola">Venanus pinicola</taxonomicName>
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; and the Gracillarid
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Caloptilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caloptilia asplenifoliella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asplenifoliella">Caloptilia asplenifoliella</taxonomicName>
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(Darlington, 1949) for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Venanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venanus heberti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heberti">Venanus heberti</taxonomicName>
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. The two species also differ in 12 base pairs of the barcode region (more details below under the sections Molecular data, Distribution and biology and Comments).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description.</paragraph>
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<subSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="male">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Male</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Antenna length 2.4 mm (1.9-2.4 mm), body length 2.4 mm (2.0-2.4 mm), forewing 2.1 mm (2.0-2.2 mm). Head with glossa truncate and short. Face smooth, with shallow punctures (separation between punctures larger than punctures diameter) and sparse, uniformly distributed setae. Face width at antennal base/face width at clypeus edge: 1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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; intertentorial pit distance/face width at clypeus edge: 0.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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; compound eye height/head height: 0.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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; head height/width: 0.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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; face width at antennal base/head maximum width: 0.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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; malar space/basal width of mandible 1.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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. Clypeus transverse, its width/height: 3.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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. Ocelo-ocular distance/posterior ocelli diameter: 2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2.4×">-2.4x</normalizedToken>
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); distance betwen posterior ocelli/ocelli diameter: 2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Mesosoma. Pronotum very smooth and polished, laterally with only the ventral groove well defined. Mesoscutum mostly smooth, with shallow but close punctures (distance between punctures 0.5-0.7 its diameter), punctures a sparser centrally along the posterior margin. Mesoscutum 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1.2×">-1.2x</normalizedToken>
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) wider than long. Mesoscutum and scutellum covered by sparse, silvered-coloured pilosity (sparser in the scutellum). Scutellum mostly smooth, with a few, shallow, very sparse punctures. Scutellum length/width at base 1.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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. Scutellar suture width 1/7 scutellum length, with 16 costulae not very well defined. Posterior band of scutellum polished. Scutellar lateral face with the polished area semicircular, 0.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–0.4×">-0.4x</normalizedToken>
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the face height. Mesopleuron smooth and glabrous on most of its surface, with sparse setae and punctures (distance between punctures usually twice or more its diameter) only on the anterior, ventral and posterior
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<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="23" start="start">margins</pageBreakToken>
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. Deep sulcus, with costulae, separating meso and metapleura. Metapleuron setose and punctured along anterior and ventral margins; lower
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<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
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of metapleuron rugulose, and with a broad, crenulated sulcus running from lower margin through spiracle. Metapleural carina lamellate and with costulae. Propodeum mostly rugulose, especially on the apical third (which is concave and delimited from the rest of the propodeum
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<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="start">by</pageBreakToken>
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a vague transverse carina); an obscure longitudinal carinae running centrally from base of propodeum until it reaches the transverse carina; transverse carina intersected posteriorly by several longitudinal, arched ridges radiating from nucha.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Metasoma. Mediotergite 1 widened and rounded apically, with its widest part subapically; basal width/apical width 0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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; length/apical width 1.5; mediotergite 1 rugulose, apical
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<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
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with longitudinal striation laterally and two pits at each side of a central, polished area (like a knob) that reaches the posterior margin of tergite. Mediotergite 2 trapezoidal in shape, centrally smooth and polished, laterally rugulose; basal width/apical width 0.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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; length/apical width 0.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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. Mediotergite 3 twice the length of mediotergite 2. Mediotergite 3 and following unsculptured, polished and with few, sparse setae mostly along the posterior margin of tergites.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Legs. Metatibial inner spur 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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the length of outer spur, and 0.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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the length of metatarsomere 1. Metafemur 2.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Wings. Forewing vein R1a 0.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as stigma length; length of R1a 2.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as the distance between its end and the end of 3RSb. Vein r 0.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(0.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–0.7×">-0.7x</normalizedToken>
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) the maximum width of stigma. Second submarginal cell height about the same length (or slightly smaller or larger) than vein r length; vein 2M 3.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as vein (RS+M)b and 0.25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–0.33×">-0.33x</normalizedToken>
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the stigma length. Edge of vannal lobe of hindwing covex and uniformly setose.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Colour: Mostly black to dark brown; pro- and meso- tibiae and tarsi yellowish brown, as it is apical 0.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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of metatibia, metatibial spurs, maxillary and labial palps. Wings hyaline, with most of veins transparent or whitish, except for C+Sc+R, R1, and 2M can be partially or totally pigmented; stigma brwon.
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</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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<subSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="female">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Female</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Similar to male but with antenna (~1.0 mm) much shorter than body length (2.2 mm) and fore wing (2.0 mm). Antenna with a single row of placodes. Length/width of flagellomeres: 1st (1.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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), 2nd (1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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), 8th (1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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), 14th (1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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), 15th (1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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). Length of flagellomere 2/flagellomere 14: 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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. Fore wing with most veins slightly pigmented (light brown in colour), and with larger and taller second submarginall cell (length of vein 2M half the stigma length, vein 2M almost twice the length of vein r). Metafemur thicker, 2.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide. Hypopygium not folded nor striate, with slightly pointed tip not protruding beyond apical tergites. Ovipositor sheaths barely exerted from hypopygium, 0.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as metatibia length; with sparse and minute setae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="molecular data">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Molecular data.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Full barcodesof 3 specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Venanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venanus heberti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heberti">Venanus heberti</taxonomicName>
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and one specimen of the related species
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Venanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venanus pinicola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinicola">Venanus pinicola</taxonomicName>
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were obtained and compared (Fig. 24). The molecular data showed 12 (1.86 %) base pairs of difference between the two species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="distribution and biology">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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The species is widely distributed in Eastern Canada (QC, NS, PE), where it has been realibly reared from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracillaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gracillaria asplenifoliella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asplenifoliella">Gracillaria asplenifoliella</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the CNC there is one specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Venanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venanus heberti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heberti">Venanus heberti</taxonomicName>
|
||
from BC with a label stating it was reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Caloptilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caloptilia invariabilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invariabilis">Caloptilia invariabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Braun, 1927). This has to be a labelling mistake because
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Coleotechnites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coleotechnites invariabilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invariabilis">Coleotechnites invariabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from Eastern Canada (NS, ON, QC) and US, but has never been recorded from western Nearctic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="De Prins, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" title="Global Taxonomic Database of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera)." url="http://gc.bebif.be" year="2010">De Prins and De Prins 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
When
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mason, WRM" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 147" title="The polyphyletic nature of Apanteles Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): A phylogeny and reclassification of Microgastrinae." volume="115" year="1981">Mason (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Venanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venanus pinicola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinicola">Venanus pinicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
he mentioned some variations in the specimens from Eastern Canada compared to the West, but considered
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="start">that</pageBreakToken>
|
||
as intraspecific variation. The consistent, though subtle, morphological and molecular differences; different geographical distribution and hosts provide sufficient evidence to consider them as distinct species. Because of the similarities between the two species, four former paratypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Venanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venanus pinicola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinicola">Venanus pinicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in the CNC) are here transferred as paratypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Venanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venanus heberti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heberti">Venanus heberti</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
I dedicate this species, recognized after DNA barcoding provided a first clue, to Paul Hebert (University of Guelph), as an appreciation for his support; and also for allowing the gathering of thousand of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Microgastrinae">Microgastrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
barcodes -which will hopefully contribute in a significant way to the taxonomy of such a difficult and diverse group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Figures 21-24. Neighbour-joining trees, K2P distance model. 21 Type material of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles fumiferanae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferanae">Apanteles fumiferanae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles huberi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huberi">Apanteles huberi</taxonomicName>
|
||
22 Type material of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles masmithi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="masmithi">Apanteles masmithi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and authenticated specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles cockerelli" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockerelli">Apanteles cockerelli</taxonomicName>
|
||
23Type material of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Pseudapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudapanteles gouleti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gouleti">Pseudapanteles gouleti</taxonomicName>
|
||
and one unauthenticated specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Pseudapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudapanteles dignus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dignus">Pseudapanteles dignus</taxonomicName>
|
||
24Type material of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Venanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venanus heberti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heberti">Venanus heberti</taxonomicName>
|
||
and one authenticated specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Venanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venanus pinicola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinicola">Venanus pinicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Alphanumeric characters between parentheses refer to the specimens Sample ID (see Methods for more details). The number of specimens per species and its Sample IDs are detailed in the Supplementary Appendix 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |