219 lines
23 KiB
XML
219 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="0C08BB2A5165F85FEDA28898FA62D2FC">Taxonomic Reconciliation of Smilacaceae in the Indian Subcontinent: Synonymy, Typification, Updated Inventory, and a Vegetative Key for Identification</mods:title>
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<treatment id="5329966AFFAC613369DFF9C920F6902F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="217262719" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5329966AFFAC613369DFF9C920F6902F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5329966AFFAC613369DFF9C920F6902F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">
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<subSubSection id="939A74F7FFAC613269DFF9C9200A9459" box="[136,851,1595,1622]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DB3F277CFFAC613269DFF9C9200A9459" blockId="10.[136,851,1595,1622]" box="[136,851,1595,1622]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">
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<heading id="80779010FFAC613269DFF9C9200A9459" box="[136,851,1595,1622]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="E9F4FB6EFFAC613269DFF9C923C4945A" bold="true" box="[136,157,1595,1621]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="1C805CFFFFAC613269EAF9C921AC9459" ID-CoL="4XWN2" authority="De Candolle (1878: 108)" authorityName="De Candolle" authorityPageNumber="108" authorityYear="1878" box="[189,757,1595,1622]" class="Liliopsida" family="Smilacaceae" genus="Smilax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menispermoidea">
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<emphasis id="E9F4FB6EFFAC613269EAF9C9228A9459" bold="true" box="[189,467,1595,1622]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Smilax menispermoidea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="BF115A8DFFAC6132688DF9CE21AC9459" author="De Candolle, A. & De Candolle, C." box="[474,757,1595,1622]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" refId="ref13527" refString="De Candolle, A. & De Candolle, C. (1878) Monographiae phanerogamarum prodromi nunc continuato nunc revisio. Vol. 1. G. Masson, Parisiis, pp. 1 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 45961" type="book" year="1878">De Candolle (1878: 108)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. (
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<figureCitation id="43BB3BF9FFAC61326A5FF9C920139459" box="[776,842,1595,1622]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[259,1338,191,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[250,1338,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Lectotype (second-step) of Smilax menispermoidea De Candolle K000820877 © The Board of Trustees of the RBG, Kew (http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000820877)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10085712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10085712/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="939A74F7FFAC613269DFF975273A9506" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="DB3F277CFFAC613269DFF97527539492" blockId="10.[136,1452,1671,1837]" box="[136,1034,1671,1693]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="E9F4FB6EFFAC613269DFF97523B49493" bold="true" box="[136,237,1671,1692]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">
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<typeStatus id="043B99DEFFAC613269DFF97523B49493" box="[136,237,1671,1692]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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(first step, designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="BF115A8DFFAC613268B2F97A21CB9493" author="Koyama, T." box="[485,658,1671,1693]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" pagination="69 - 124" refId="ref14443" refString="Koyama, T. (1983) Smilacaceae. In: Fl. Cambodge, Laos et Vietnam. No. 20. pp. 69 - 124." type="book chapter" year="1983">Koyama 1983: 84</bibRefCitation>
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):—
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<emphasis id="E9F4FB6EFFAC61326BEFF97520C29493" box="[696,923,1671,1692]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">
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<collectingMunicipality id="3B5BBD06FFAC61326BEFF97520599493" box="[696,768,1671,1692]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Hooker</collectingMunicipality>
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f. &
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<location id="DE5F71A7FFAC61326A66F97520D09493" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5329966AFFAC613369DFF9C920F6902F:DE5F71A7FFAC61326A66F97520D09493" box="[817,905,1671,1692]" municipality="Hooker" name="Thomson" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Sikkim">Thomson</location>
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7
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</emphasis>
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||
,
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<collectingRegion id="1944E99EFFAC61326AF0F97520B69492" box="[935,1007,1671,1693]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
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, K
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DB3F277CFFAC613269DFF959273A9506" blockId="10.[136,1452,1671,1837]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">
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<materialsCitation id="6BE82D21FFAC613269DFF95927A694CE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435880319" box="[136,1279,1707,1729]" collectionCode="K" collectorName="J. D. Hooker" country="India" location="Sikkim" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="K000820877" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sikkim" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<emphasis id="E9F4FB6EFFAC613269DFF95923B494CF" bold="true" box="[136,237,1707,1728]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">
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<typeStatus id="043B99DEFFAC613269DFF95923B494CF" box="[136,237,1707,1728]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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||
(second step, designated here):—
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||
<collectingCountry id="A39767ECFFAC61326B67F959212194CE" box="[560,632,1707,1729]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">INDIA</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="1944E99EFFAC61326BD7F959219094CE" box="[640,713,1707,1729]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
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:
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||
<emphasis id="E9F4FB6EFFAC61326B86F959209B94CF" box="[721,962,1707,1729]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">
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s.loc., s.d.,
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||
<collectorName id="767542AAFFAC61326A6BF95E20E894CF" box="[828,945,1707,1729]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">J.D. Hooker</collectorName>
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7
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<specimenCode id="8B268F07FFAC61326A9FF959271D94CF" box="[968,1092,1707,1728]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">K000820877</specimenCode>
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(
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<collectionCode id="BD91BFB9FFAC61326D05F959273F94CF" box="[1106,1126,1707,1728]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">K</collectionCode>
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||
, digital image!)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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.
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||
<materialsCitation id="6BE82D21FFAC61326C50F95927069506" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435880335" collectionCode="A, FI, G, GH, K, L" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="A00049888, FI072428, G00701939, GH00030113, K000820878, K000820879, L1462822" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="isolectotype">
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<emphasis id="E9F4FB6EFFAC61326C50F95926F594CF" bold="true" box="[1287,1452,1707,1728]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">
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<typeStatus id="043B99DEFFAC61326C50F95926D794CF" box="[1287,1422,1707,1728]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="isolectotype">Isolectotypes</typeStatus>
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||
:—
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<specimenCode id="8B268F07FFAC613269EAF93D227794EB" box="[189,302,1743,1764]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">A00049888</specimenCode>
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(
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||
<collectionCode id="BD91BFB9FFAC6132686AF93D220894EB" box="[317,337,1743,1764]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">A</collectionCode>
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, digital image!),
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||
<specimenCode id="8B268F07FFAC613268A1F93D210A94EB" box="[502,595,1743,1764]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">FI072428</specimenCode>
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(
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||
<collectionCode id="BD91BFB9FFAC61326B36F93D212094EB" box="[609,633,1743,1764]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">FI</collectionCode>
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||
, digital image!),
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||
<specimenCode id="8B268F07FFAC61326A48F93D20C994EB" box="[799,912,1743,1764]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">G00701939</specimenCode>
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(
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||
<collectionCode id="BD91BFB9FFAC61326AC9F93D20EB94EB" box="[926,946,1743,1764]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">G</collectionCode>
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||
, digital image!),
|
||
<specimenCode id="8B268F07FFAC61326D00F93D278094EB" box="[1111,1241,1743,1764]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">GH00030113</specimenCode>
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(
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||
<collectionCode id="BD91BFB9FFAC61326DB0F93D265494EB" box="[1255,1293,1743,1764]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">GH</collectionCode>
|
||
, digital image!),
|
||
<specimenCode id="8B268F07FFAC613269EAF90122639507" box="[189,314,1779,1800]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">K000820878</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="BD91BFB9FFAC6132681FF90122059507" box="[328,348,1779,1800]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">K</collectionCode>
|
||
, digital image!),
|
||
<specimenCode id="8B268F07FFAC61326B57F90121249507" box="[512,637,1779,1800]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">K000820879</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="BD91BFB9FFAC61326BDCF90121C69507" box="[651,671,1779,1800]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">K</collectionCode>
|
||
, digital image!),
|
||
<specimenCode id="8B268F07FFAC61326A14F90120FC9506" box="[835,933,1779,1801]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">L1462822</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="BD91BFB9FFAC61326AE4F901209D9507" box="[947,964,1779,1800]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">L</collectionCode>
|
||
, digital image!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="939A74F7FFAC613269DFF8E5208C9523" box="[136,981,1815,1837]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="DB3F277CFFAC613269DFF8E5208C9523" blockId="10.[136,1452,1671,1837]" box="[136,981,1815,1837]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9F4FB6EFFAC613269DFF8E5227C9522" bold="true" box="[136,293,1815,1837]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Distribution:—</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A39767ECFFAC61326872F8E522D39523" box="[293,394,1815,1836]" name="Bhutan" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">BHUTAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A39767ECFFAC613268C4F8E522B89523" box="[403,481,1815,1836]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A39767ECFFAC613268BCF8E521689523" box="[491,561,1815,1836]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A39767ECFFAC61326B6CF8E521259523" box="[571,636,1815,1836]" name="Laos" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">LAOS</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A39767ECFFAC61326BD1F8E5205F9523" box="[646,774,1815,1836]" name="Myanmar" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">MYANMAR</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A39767ECFFAC61326A58F8E520049523" box="[783,861,1815,1836]" name="Nepal" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">NEPAL</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A39767ECFFAC61326A31F8E5208C9523" box="[870,981,1815,1836]" name="Vietnam" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="939A74F7FFAC613369DFF8AE20F6902F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="DB3F277CFFAC613369DFF8AE27C8939F" blockId="10.[136,1452,1883,2090]" lastBlockId="11.[136,1452,158,545]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9F4FB6EFFAC613269DFF8AE23A89579" bold="true" box="[136,241,1884,1910]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Notes:—</emphasis>
|
||
Alphonse
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF115A8DFFAC61326835F8AE21679579" author="De Candolle, A. & De Candolle, C." box="[354,574,1883,1910]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" refId="ref13527" refString="De Candolle, A. & De Candolle, C. (1878) Monographiae phanerogamarum prodromi nunc continuato nunc revisio. Vol. 1. G. Masson, Parisiis, pp. 1 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 45961" type="book" year="1878">De Candolle (1878)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C805CFFFFAC61326BE2F8A92099957A" authorityName="De Candolle K" authorityYear="1878" box="[693,960,1883,1909]" class="Liliopsida" family="Smilacaceae" genus="Smilax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menispermoidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9F4FB6EFFAC61326BE2F8A92099957A" box="[693,960,1883,1909]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Smilax menispermoidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on a specimen ‘Hooker and Thomson 7’ from Sikkim collected by J.D. Hooker and indicated that the original material was housed at B, FI, and G. In our search for the type specimen, we found that ‘Hooker
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C805CFFFFAC61326BBFF85120C295B2" authority="Thomson" authorityName="Thomson" box="[744,923,1955,1981]" form="and" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" rank="form">f. and Thomson</taxonomicName>
|
||
7’ collections were housed at various herbaria viz. A, FI, G, GH, K, and L. However, the specimens originally at B could not be located, presumably lost or destroyed during World War II (
|
||
<emphasis id="E9F4FB6EFFAC613268DCF81E21419A0A" box="[395,536,2028,2053]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">pers. comm.</emphasis>
|
||
). Additionally,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF115A8DFFAC61326B98F81E20DA9A09" author="Koyama, T." box="[719,899,2028,2054]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" pagination="69 - 124" refId="ref14443" refString="Koyama, T. (1983) Smilacaceae. In: Fl. Cambodge, Laos et Vietnam. No. 20. pp. 69 - 124." type="book chapter" year="1983">Koyama (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
while preparing the account of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C805CFFFFAC61326DA8F81926D29A0A" box="[1279,1419,2027,2053]" class="Liliopsida" family="Smilacaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Smilacaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Flora of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A39767ECFFAC613269BDF7FD22399A26" box="[234,352,2063,2089]" name="Cambodia" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A39767ECFFAC6132683CF7E222FD9A25" box="[363,420,2064,2090]" name="Laos" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A39767ECFFAC613268B7F7FD21669A26" box="[480,575,2063,2089]" name="Vietnam" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
wrote ‘Type: Hooker f. & Thomson 7, Sikkim, K’. The use of the term ‘type’ is correctable to ‘lectotype’, following article 9.10 of the ICN (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF115A8DFFAD61336A05FF6C276892B7" author="Turland, N. J. & Wiersema, J. H. & Barrie, F. R. & Greuter, W. & Hawksworth, D. L. & Herendeen, P. S. & Knapp, S. & Kusber, W. - H. & Li, D. - Z. & Marhold, K. & May, T. W. & McNeill, J. & Monro, A. M. & Prado, J. & Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F." box="[850,1073,158,184]" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" refId="ref15570" refString="Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (Eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature foralgae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashutten: Koeltz Botanical Books, 254 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018" type="book" year="2018">
|
||
Turland
|
||
<emphasis id="E9F4FB6EFFAD61336AE4FF6D20B592B7" box="[947,1004,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Notably, there are two sheets of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C805CFFFFAD613369DFFF31220692D3" authorityName="De Candolle K" authorityYear="1878" box="[136,351,194,221]" class="Liliopsida" family="Smilacaceae" genus="Smilax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menispermoidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9F4FB6EFFAD613369DFFF31220692D3" box="[136,351,194,221]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="53">S. menispermoidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at K bearing the same label as ‘Hooker
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C805CFFFFAD61336A67FF3020BA92D3" authority="Thomson" authorityName="Thomson" box="[816,995,194,220]" form="and" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" rank="form">f. and Thomson</taxonomicName>
|
||
7’, which qualifies as original material.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF115A8DFFAD613369DFFF142210930F" author="Koyama, T." box="[136,329,230,256]" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" pagination="69 - 124" refId="ref14443" refString="Koyama, T. (1983) Smilacaceae. In: Fl. Cambodge, Laos et Vietnam. No. 20. pp. 69 - 124." type="book chapter" year="1983">Koyama’s (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
work did not specify which of these sheets at K should be considered as the type. Given that Koyama’s designation effectively narrowed down the type of Hooker’s collection housed at K, it is construed here that his inadvertent designation constitutes the first-step of lectotypification. We hereby designate K000820877 as a second-step
|
||
<typeStatus id="043B99DEFFAD613369E9FEA0227C9363" box="[190,293,338,364]" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
following articles 7.11, 9.3, 9.12, and 9.17 of the ICN (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF115A8DFFAD61336AF1FEA027DE9363" author="Turland, N. J. & Wiersema, J. H. & Barrie, F. R. & Greuter, W. & Hawksworth, D. L. & Herendeen, P. S. & Knapp, S. & Kusber, W. - H. & Li, D. - Z. & Marhold, K. & May, T. W. & McNeill, J. & Monro, A. M. & Prado, J. & Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F." box="[934,1159,338,364]" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" refId="ref15570" refString="Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (Eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature foralgae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashutten: Koeltz Botanical Books, 254 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018" type="book" year="2018">
|
||
Turland
|
||
<emphasis id="E9F4FB6EFFAD61336D5FFEA1271B9363" box="[1032,1090,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This specimen perfectly matches the protologue description and bears detailed information about the female flowers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB3F277CFFAD613369EAFE6820F6902F" blockId="11.[136,1452,158,545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="53">
|
||
While K specimens are not explicitly mentioned in the protologue, Koyama’s designation of it as the type specimen can be superseded under Article 9.19 (c) of the ICN. However, we have subsequently regarded it as a second-step
|
||
<typeStatus id="043B99DEFFAD613369DFFE1023AB93F3" box="[136,242,482,508]" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, prioritizing it over the specimens mentioned in the protologue (B, FI, and G), because it shares the same label as the original and provides additional valuable floral information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |