172 lines
21 KiB
XML
172 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6C35963F0ECEF95BA814BCB436487D17">A revision of Antarctic and some Indo-Pacific apodid sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="79F2A8EAFF8BFFD1FF7B5FB3FEAB5C9A" ID-CoL="7NMR2" authority="Clark, 1908" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1908" box="[140,378,1217,1239]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Myriotrochidae" genus="Achiridota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8C860F7BFF8BFFD1FF7B5FB3FF2C5C9A" bold="true" box="[140,253,1217,1239]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Achiridota</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="DA63AE98FF8BFFD1FEF45FB3FEAB5C9A" author="Clark, H. L." box="[259,378,1217,1239]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 231" refId="ref23199" refString="Clark, H. L. 1908. The apodous holothurians. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 35: 1 - 231, pls 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1908">Clark, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="BE4DD369FF8BFFD1FF455F9FFCD25D4D" blockId="6.[140,771,1261,1308]" box="[178,771,1261,1281]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
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<treatmentCitation id="3F53F578FF8BFFD1FF455F9FFE325D4D" author="Clark, H. L." box="[178,483,1261,1281]" page="126" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" year="1908">
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<taxonomicName id="79F2A8EAFF8BFFD1FF455F9FFE325D4D" ID-CoL="7NMR2" authority="H. L. Clark, 1908: 126" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="126" authorityYear="1908" box="[178,483,1261,1281]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Myriotrochidae" genus="Achiridota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8C860F7BFF8BFFD1FF455F9FFEC55D4D" box="[178,276,1261,1280]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Achiridota</emphasis>
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H. L.
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<bibRefCitation id="DA63AE98FF8BFFD1FEBA5F9FFE325D4D" author="Clark, H. L." box="[333,483,1261,1281]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 231" refId="ref23199" refString="Clark, H. L. 1908. The apodous holothurians. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 35: 1 - 231, pls 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1908">Clark, 1908: 126</bibRefCitation>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="3F53F578FF8BFFD1FE0A5F9FFD445D4D" author="Heding, S. G." box="[509,661,1261,1280]" page="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" year="1935">
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<bibRefCitation id="DA63AE98FF8BFFD1FE0A5F9FFD445D4D" author="Heding, S. G." box="[509,661,1261,1280]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref23951" refString="Heding, S. G. 1935. Holothurioidea. I. Danish Ingolf-Expedition 4 (9): 1 - 84, pls 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1935">Heding, 1935: 16</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.—
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<bibRefCitation id="DA63AE98FF8BFFD1FD475F9FFCD25D4D" author="Smirnov, A. V." box="[688,771,1261,1280]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" pagination="517 - 522" refId="ref25961" refString="Smirnov, A. V. 1998. On the classification of the apodid holothurians. Pp. 517 - 522 in: Mooi, R. and Telford, M. (eds). Echinoderms: San Francisco. Proceedings of the Ninth International Echinoderm Conference. Balkema: Rotterdam." type="book chapter" year="1998">Smirnov,</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="BE4DD369FF8BFFD1FF7B5E7BFF385D56" blockId="6.[140,771,1261,1308]" box="[140,233,1288,1308]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">1998: 521.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE4DD369FF8BFFD1FF7B5E46FF3D5E7A" blockId="6.[140,771,1331,1591]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="8C860F7BFF8BFFD1FF7B5E46FF1D5D2B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
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Diagnosis (of
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<typeStatus id="61496DCBFF8BFFD1FEE05E46FE935D04" box="[279,322,1332,1353]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
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species, following
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<bibRefCitation id="DA63AE98FF8BFFD1FE085E41FDA85D04" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[511,633,1331,1353]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" pagination="637 - 744" refId="ref23696" refString="Fisher, W. K. 1907. The holothurians of the Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 32 (1555): 637 - 744, pls 66 - 82." type="journal article" year="1907">Fisher 1907</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="DA63AE98FF8BFFD1FD5A5E46FF105D2B" author="Smirnov, A. V." pageId="6" pageNumber="67" pagination="517 - 522" refId="ref25961" refString="Smirnov, A. V. 1998. On the classification of the apodid holothurians. Pp. 517 - 522 in: Mooi, R. and Telford, M. (eds). Echinoderms: San Francisco. Proceedings of the Ninth International Echinoderm Conference. Balkema: Rotterdam." type="book chapter" year="1998">Smirnov 1998</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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</emphasis>
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Tentacles 12, trunk stout, digits small; 6–8 pairs of digits per tentacle, increasing in size distally, distal digits paired not single; calcareous ring well developed, radial and interradial plates with anterior projection/tooth, straight posterior margin; lacking ossicles; single polian vesicle; madreporite at anterior edge of dorsal mesentery, close to ring canal; gonad tufts with central trunk and simple or dichotomous branches.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="8C860F7BFF8BFFD1FF7B5D3CFEC35E2E" box="[140,274,1614,1635]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
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<typeStatus id="61496DCBFF8BFFD1FF7B5D3CFF6D5E2E" box="[140,188,1614,1635]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="79F2A8EAFF8BFFD1FEEF5D3CFDE85E2E" authority="Fisher, 1907" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1907" box="[280,569,1613,1635]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Anapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="inermis">
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||
<emphasis id="8C860F7BFF8BFFD1FEEF5D3CFE675E2E" box="[280,438,1614,1635]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Anapta inermis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="DA63AE98FF8BFFD1FE4A5D3FFDE85E2E" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[445,569,1613,1635]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" pagination="637 - 744" refId="ref23696" refString="Fisher, W. K. 1907. The holothurians of the Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 32 (1555): 637 - 744, pls 66 - 82." type="journal article" year="1907">Fisher, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(Hawaiian Is,
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||
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE4DD369FF8BFFD1FF7B5DEAFCD25E86" blockId="6.[140,771,1688,1739]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="8C860F7BFF8BFFD1FF7B5DEAFEC45EE0" box="[140,277,1688,1709]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Other species</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="79F2A8EAFF8BFFD1FED25DEAFD535EE3" authority="Heding, 1935" authorityName="Heding. Additional" authorityYear="1935" box="[293,642,1688,1710]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Myriotrochidae" genus="Achiridota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="profunda">
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||
<emphasis id="8C860F7BFF8BFFD1FED25DEAFE215EE0" box="[293,496,1688,1709]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Achiridota profunda</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="0E9AD934FF8BFFD1FE0E5DEAFD535EE3" box="[505,642,1688,1710]" collectorName="N Atlantic" country="Antarctica" elevation="2700" location="Antarctica" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" specimenCount="1">
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</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<collectorName id="1307B6BFFF8BFFD1FD645DEAFD2E5EE3" box="[659,767,1688,1710]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">N Atlantic</collectorName>
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,
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<elevation id="35DF345AFF8BFFD1FF7B5DC4FF065E86" box="[140,215,1718,1739]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="2700.0">2700 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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);
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<taxonomicName id="79F2A8EAFF8BFFD1FF1F5DC7FE7B5E86" authorityName="O’Loughlin & VandenSpiegel" authorityYear="2010" box="[232,426,1717,1739]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Myriotrochidae" genus="Achiridota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="smirnovi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="8C860F7BFF8BFFD1FF1F5DC7FE7B5E86" box="[232,426,1717,1739]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Achiridota smirnovi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="97B5B200FF8BFFD1FE585DC4FE285E86" box="[431,505,1718,1739]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
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(E
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C6E593F9FF8BFFD1FDE05DC7FDAE5E86" box="[535,639,1717,1739]" name="Antarctica" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
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,
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<quantity id="790A7E8CFF8BFFD1FD705DC7FD295E86" box="[647,760,1717,1739]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.529999999999999" metricValueMax="7.88" metricValueMin="5.18" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="653.0" valueMax="788.0" valueMin="518.0">
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<elevation id="35DF345AFF8BFFD1FD705DC7FD295E86" box="[647,760,1717,1739]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.529999999999999" metricValueMax="7.88" metricValueMin="5.18" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="653.0" valueMax="788.0" valueMin="518.0">518–788 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
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).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE4DD369FF8BFFD1FF7B5D90FB385BBA" blockId="6.[140,771,1762,1903]" lastBlockId="6.[809,1440,875,1015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="8C860F7BFF8BFFD1FF7B5D90FF335EBA" box="[140,226,1762,1783]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79F2A8EAFF8BFFD1FF005D90FE3D5EBA" authority="Clark, 1908" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1908" box="[247,492,1762,1784]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Myriotrochidae" genus="Achiridota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C860F7BFF8BFFD1FF005D90FEB15EBA" box="[247,352,1762,1783]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Achiridota</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA63AE98FF8BFFD1FE985D90FE3D5EBA" author="Clark, H. L." box="[367,492,1762,1784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 231" refId="ref23199" refString="Clark, H. L. 1908. The apodous holothurians. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 35: 1 - 231, pls 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1908">Clark, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was initially assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79F2A8EAFF8BFFD1FF7B5C72FED85F5B" authorityName="Ostergren" authorityYear="1898" box="[140,265,1792,1814]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Chiridotidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but was subsequently assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79F2A8EAFF8BFFD1FD9D5C72FCD25F5B" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1877" box="[618,771,1792,1814]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Myriotrochidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Myriotrochidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA63AE98FF8BFFD1FF5D5C6CFE975F7E" author="Smirnov, A. V." box="[170,326,1822,1844]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" pagination="517 - 522" refId="ref25961" refString="Smirnov, A. V. 1998. On the classification of the apodid holothurians. Pp. 517 - 522 in: Mooi, R. and Telford, M. (eds). Echinoderms: San Francisco. Proceedings of the Ninth International Echinoderm Conference. Balkema: Rotterdam." type="book chapter" year="1998">Smirnov (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on the basis of having: large anterior teeth on the plates of the calcareous ring; single polian vesicle; madreporite close to ring canal. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA63AE98FF8BFFD1FE4D5C2BFD9D5F22" author="Heding, S. G." box="[442,588,1881,1903]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref23951" refString="Heding, S. G. 1935. Holothurioidea. I. Danish Ingolf-Expedition 4 (9): 1 - 84, pls 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1935">Heding (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred two new species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79F2A8EAFF8BFFD1FC6E5819FBD35BCD" box="[921,1026,875,896]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Myriotrochidae" genus="Achiridota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C860F7BFF8BFFD1FC6E5819FBD35BCD" box="[921,1026,875,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Achiridota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
he argued convincingly that one of his species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79F2A8EAFF8BFFD1FC7758FBFB115BD2" authority="Heding, 1935" authorityName="Heding" authorityYear="1935" box="[896,1216,905,927]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Myriotrochidae" genus="Achiridota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ingolfi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C860F7BFF8BFFD1FC7758FBFBE15BD3" box="[896,1072,905,926]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Achiridota ingolfi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA63AE98FF8BFFD1FBCF58FBFB115BD2" author="Heding, S. G." box="[1080,1216,905,927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref23951" refString="Heding, S. G. 1935. Holothurioidea. I. Danish Ingolf-Expedition 4 (9): 1 - 84, pls 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1935">Heding, 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) was more
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79F2A8EAFF8BFFD1FACF58FBFA465BD3" authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1829" box="[1336,1431,905,926]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Chiridota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C860F7BFF8BFFD1FACF58FBFA465BD3" box="[1336,1431,905,926]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Chiridota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- like because of the form of the calcareous ring and presence of 11 polian vesicles. We judge that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79F2A8EAFF8BFFD1FB9758B6FAC15B94" authorityName="Heding" authorityYear="1935" box="[1120,1296,964,985]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Myriotrochidae" genus="Achiridota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ingolfi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C860F7BFF8BFFD1FB9758B6FAC15B94" box="[1120,1296,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Achiridota ingolfi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs more appropriately in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79F2A8EAFF8BFFD1FC3C5893FB345BBA" authority="Eschscholtz, 1829" authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1829" box="[971,1253,993,1015]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Chiridota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C860F7BFF8BFFD1FC3C5893FBFA5BBB" box="[971,1067,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Chiridota</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA63AE98FF8BFFD1FBC75893FB345BBA" author="Eschscholtz, F." box="[1072,1253,993,1015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" refId="ref23652" refString="Eschscholtz, F. 1829. Zoologischer Atlas; enthaltend Abbildungen und Beschreibungen neue Thierarten wahrend der Flottcapitains von Kotzebue zweiter reise um die Welt 1823 - 26. 2: 13 pp., pls 6 - 10. Reimer: Berlin." type="book" year="1829">Eschscholtz, 1829</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |