339 lines
44 KiB
XML
339 lines
44 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="540C397AE5D05132580D3C00697460BC">Taxonomic status of Protankyra ramiurna and Protankyra benedeni (Holothuroidea: Apodida: Synaptidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9AFF0F83F5A983B38B27CB9898F6C70C">Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F0014E53699C7E1B8B1EFF84C9825E25">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="88A5AD8092F0E5516F0350086D3D9A26">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03AC87C3950EFFD0539F70BEFB6AF9A9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6033043" ID-GBIF-Taxon="134860803" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6033043" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AC87C3950EFFD0539F70BEFB6AF9A9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC87C3950EFFD0539F70BEFB6AF9A9" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="524" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">
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<subSubSection id="C31F655E950EFFD2539F70BEFEC2FB3B" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBA36D5950EFFD2539F70BEFDEEFB1A" blockId="4.[151,592,1191,1251]" box="[151,592,1191,1218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">
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<heading id="D0F281B9950EFFD2539F70BEFDEEFB1A" bold="true" box="[151,592,1191,1218]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D56950EFFD2539F70BEFDEEFB1A" ID-CoL="4MZT4" authority="(Ludwig 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[151,592,1191,1218]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Protankyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="benedeni">
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<emphasis id="B971EAC7950EFFD2539F70BEFDEEFB1A" bold="true" box="[151,592,1191,1218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">
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<emphasis id="B971EAC7950EFFD2539F70BEFE2DFB19" bold="true" box="[151,403,1191,1217]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">Protankyra benedeni</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B24950EFFD252AB70B1FDF6FB1A" author="Ludwig" box="[419,584,1192,1218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" refString="LUDWIG, H. (1881) UbER EINE LEbENDIGGEbARENDE SYNAPtIDE UND ZWEI ANDERE HOLOtHURIENARtEN DES BRASILIANIScHEN KUStE. Archives Italiennes de Biologie, 2, 41 - 58." type="journal article" year="1881">Ludwig 1881</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA36D5950EFFD2539F70D3FEC2FB3B" blockId="4.[151,592,1191,1251]" box="[151,380,1226,1251]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">
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<figureCitation id="133E2A50950EFFD2539F70D3FEA0FB3B" box="[151,286,1226,1251]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,1746,1768]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1424,1446]" captionTargetBox-0="[340,1247,733,1724]" captionTargetBox-1="[340,1247,193,1403]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[340,1247,733,1724]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[340,1247,193,1403]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Protankyra benedeni (LUDWIG). A, EXtERNAL VIEW; B, ANtERIOR VIEW; C, TENtAcLES; D, CALcAREOUS RING; E, TENtAcLE; F, CILIAtED FUNNELS. ScALE bARS: A – B, 0.5 cM; C, E, 1 MM; D, F, 0.5 MM;" captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Protankyra benedeni (LUDWIG). A, ANcHOR PLAtE; B, ANcHORS; C, DEtAIL OF bRIDGE IN tHE ANcHOR PLAtE; D, ARM OF tHE ANcHOR; E, DEtAIL OF tHE StOcK; F, LARGE ANcHOR PLAtE; G, SMALL ANcHOR PLAtE AND ANcHOR; H, DEtAIL OF bASE OF ANcHOR PLAtE; I, DEtAIL OF KEEL IN ANcHOR; J, MILIARY GRANULES. ScALE bARS: A, 80 µM; B, F – G, 100 µM; C, E, H, 50 µM; D, 40 µM; I – J, 10 µM." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/998470/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/998472/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">Figures 3–4</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C687036E950EFFD2522270D3FEC2FB3B" box="[298,380,1226,1251]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,239,584,607]" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements of anchor plates, anchors and miliary granules in Protankyra benedeni." pageId="4" pageNumber="522">Table 2</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31F655E950EFFD2539F710AFC30FA5C" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBA36D5950EFFD2539F710AFC1CFAF0" blockId="4.[151,1436,1298,1413]" box="[151,930,1298,1320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1511FB950EFFD2539F710AFC1CFAF0" box="[151,930,1298,1320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D56950EFFD2539F710AFEF4FAF0" ID-CoL="53TV7" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,330,1298,1320]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Synapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="benedeni">
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<emphasis id="B971EAC7950EFFD2539F710AFEF4FAF0" box="[151,330,1298,1320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">Synapta benedeni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA410C4950EFFD25258710BFE40FAF0" author="LUDWIG" box="[336,510,1298,1320]" page="55" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" year="1881">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B24950EFFD25258710BFE65FAF0" author="LUDWIG" box="[336,475,1298,1320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" refString="LUDWIG, H. (1881) UbER EINE LEbENDIGGEbARENDE SYNAPtIDE UND ZWEI ANDERE HOLOtHURIENARtEN DES BRASILIANIScHEN KUStE. Archives Italiennes de Biologie, 2, 41 - 58." type="journal article" year="1881">LUDWIG 1881</bibRefCitation>
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: 55
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
–56, FIGS. 19–20;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA410C4950EFFD251B9710BFCE9FAF0" author="CLARK" box="[689,855,1298,1320]" page="106" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" year="1907">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B24950EFFD251B9710BFC98FAF0" author="CLARK" box="[689,806,1298,1320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" refString="CLARK, H. L. (1907) THE APODOUS HOLOtHURIANS: A MONOGRAPH OF tHE SYNAPtIDAE AND MOLPADIIDAE, INcLUDING A REPORt ON tHE REPRESENtAtIVES OF tHESE FAMILIES IN tHE COLLEctIONS OF tHE UNItED NAtIONAL MUSEUM. Smithsonian Contributions Knowledge, 35, 1 - 231, 14 PLS." type="journal article" year="1907">CLARK 1907</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 106
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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, PL. 14.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA36D5950EFFD2539F7128FC30FA5C" blockId="4.[151,1436,1298,1413]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1511FB950EFFD2539F7128FC30FA5C" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D56950EFFD2539F7128FED5FA9F" ID-CoL="4MZT4" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[151,363,1329,1351]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Protankyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="benedeni">
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||
<emphasis id="B971EAC7950EFFD2539F7128FED5FA9F" box="[151,363,1329,1351]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">Protankyra benedeni</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA410C4950EFFD25272712BFDE3FA9F" author="DEIcHMANN" box="[378,605,1329,1351]" page="209" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" year="1930">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B24950EFFD25272712BFD92FA9F" author="DEIcHMANN" box="[378,556,1329,1351]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" refString="DEIcHMANN, E. (1930) THE HOLOtHURIANS OF tHE WEStERN PARt OF tHE AtLANtIc OcEAN. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 71 (3), 42 - 276." type="journal article" year="1930">DEIcHMANN 1930</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 209
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
–210;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA410C4950EFFD251957128FCE1FA9F" author="TOMMASI" box="[669,863,1329,1351]" page="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" year="1969">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B24950EFFD251957128FC87FA9F" author="TOMMASI" box="[669,825,1329,1351]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" refString="TOMMASI, L. R. (1969) LIStA DOS HOLOtHUROIDEA REcENtES DO BRASIL. Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, serie Oceanografia Biologica, 15, 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1969">TOMMASI 1969</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 17
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA410C4950EFFD25063712BFBDCFA9F" author="AMARAL" box="[875,1122,1329,1351]" page="458" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" year="2011">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B24950EFFD25063712BFB90FA9F" author="AMARAL" box="[875,1070,1329,1351]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" refString="AMARAL, A. C. Z., MAccORD, F. S., BORGES, M. & RIZZO, A. E. (2011) COMPOSIcAO FAUNIStIcA DE FUNDOS NAO cONSOLIDADOS DA PLAtAFORMA INtERNA. In: AMARAL, A. C. Z. & NALLIN, S. A. H. (EDS.), Biodiversidades e ecossistemas bentonicos marinhos do litoral norte de Sao Paulo. Sudeste do Brasil. UNIVERSIDADE EStADUAL DE CAMPINAS, CAMPINAS, SP, PP. 435 - 458." type="book chapter" year="2011">
|
||
AMARAL
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC7950EFFD250B6712BFC55FA9F" box="[958,1003,1329,1351]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">et al</emphasis>
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. 2011
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 458
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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; TOMMASI IN AMARAL & ROSSI- WONtScHOWSKI 2004: 161; NEttO
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||
<emphasis id="B971EAC7950EFFD2511D7148FDFDFABE" box="[533,579,1360,1382]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2005: 212; MOURA
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC7950EFFD250067148FC85FABE" box="[782,827,1360,1382]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. IN HARRIS
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC7950EFFD250A17148FC68FABE" box="[937,982,1360,1382]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010: 251; BRItES
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC7950EFFD257937148FB76FABE" box="[1179,1224,1360,1382]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">et al</emphasis>
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. IN
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA410C4950EFFD257E77149FE91FA5C" author="AMARAL" page="278" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" year="2011">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B24950EFFD257E77149FF42FA5C" author="AMARAL" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" refString="AMARAL, A. C. Z., MAccORD, F. S., BORGES, M. & RIZZO, A. E. (2011) COMPOSIcAO FAUNIStIcA DE FUNDOS NAO cONSOLIDADOS DA PLAtAFORMA INtERNA. In: AMARAL, A. C. Z. & NALLIN, S. A. H. (EDS.), Biodiversidades e ecossistemas bentonicos marinhos do litoral norte de Sao Paulo. Sudeste do Brasil. UNIVERSIDADE EStADUAL DE CAMPINAS, CAMPINAS, SP, PP. 435 - 458." type="book chapter" year="2011">AMARAL & NALLIN 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 278
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA410C4950EFFD252317177FDE9FA5C" author="PIRES-VANIN" box="[313,599,1390,1413]" page="806" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" year="2014">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B24950EFFD252317177FD9BFA5C" author="PIRES-VANIN" box="[313,549,1390,1413]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" refString="PIRES-VANIN, A. M. S., MUNIZ, P. & BROMbERG, S. (2014) INVENtORY OF tHE MARINE SOFt bOttOM MAcROFAUNA OF SAO SEbAStIAO CHANNEL, SOUtHEAStERN BRAZILIAN cONtINENtAL SHELF. Check List, 10 (4), 795 - 807." type="journal article" year="2014">
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||
PIRES-VANIN
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC7950EFFD252BD7169FE5CFA5C" box="[437,482,1390,1413]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 806
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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; ALIttO
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC7950EFFD251AB7169FD6EFA5C" box="[675,720,1390,1413]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016: 10, FIG. 8G.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31F655E950EFFD2539F71A8FCCCF9CA" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBA36D5950EFFD2539F71A8FCCCF9CA" blockId="4.[151,1436,1457,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6D3C88950EFFD2539F71A8FD3AFA12" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1656647336" box="[151,644,1457,1482]" country="El Salvador" location="Bahia" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia">
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<emphasis id="B971EAC7950EFFD2539F71A8FEC2FA12" bold="true" box="[151,380,1457,1482]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">Material examined</emphasis>
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. Port,
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<collectingCountry id="F3127645950EFFD252C471A8FD8FFA12" box="[460,561,1457,1482]" name="El Salvador" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">Salvador</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49C1F837950EFFD2514871A8FD3AFA12" box="[576,644,1457,1482]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">Bahia</collectingRegion>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B6D3C88950EFFD2519A71A8FA29FA12" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1656647339" box="[658,1431,1457,1482]" collectionCode="UFBA" country="Brazil" location="Baia" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Baia">
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<collectingCountry id="F3127645950EFFD2519A71A8FD67FA12" box="[658,729,1457,1482]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, 2 spec. (
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<collectionCode id="ED14AE10950EFFD2504271ABFC27FA12" box="[842,921,1458,1482]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">UFBA</collectionCode>
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.ECH-01138);
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<collectingRegion id="49C1F837950EFFD2573671ABFBCFFA12" box="[1086,1137,1458,1482]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">Baía</collectingRegion>
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do Araçá, São Sebastião
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B6D3C88950EFFD2539F71CFFD31FA36" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1656647338" box="[151,655,1493,1518]" collectionCode="ZUEC" country="Brazil" location="Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" specimenCode="HOL 63" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
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<collectingRegion id="49C1F837950EFFD2539F71CFFEB3FA36" box="[151,269,1493,1518]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
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,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3127645950EFFD2521271CCFEDFFA36" box="[282,353,1493,1518]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 1 spec. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED14AE10950EFFD252D871CFFDA5FA36" box="[464,539,1494,1518]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9pz2-d68t" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">ZUEC</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBA39EAE950EFFD2512C71CFFD38FA36" box="[548,646,1493,1518]" collectionCode="HOL" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">HOL 63</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
; 5 spec. (ZUEC HOL 64); 2 spec. (ZUEC HOL65); 1 spec. (ZUEC HOL 66); 1 spec. (ZUEC HOL 68) and, 1 spec. (ZUEC HOL70).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31F655E950EFFD253CF7204FD36F91E" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D5950EFFD253CF7204FD36F91E" blockId="4.[151,1436,1457,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC7950EFFD253CF7204FEFFF9EE" bold="true" box="[199,321,1565,1590]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Species usually small, body elongated, with robust extremities, not slender, measuring up to about
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD9B30950EFFD2539F7258FF61F981" box="[151,223,1601,1626]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
. Purple to white color. Mouth surrounded by twelve digitate tentacles, each with two pair of digits, with very short terminal digit. Ossicles of the body wall comprise anchors, anchor plates with numerous holes and dumbbellshaped miliary granules. About seven or more teeth in the arms of the anchor. These teeth do not reach the tip of the arm (from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B24950EFFD2521872B4FE04F91E" author="Tommasi" box="[272,442,1709,1734]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" refString="TOMMASI, L. R. (1969) LIStA DOS HOLOtHUROIDEA REcENtES DO BRASIL. Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, serie Oceanografia Biologica, 15, 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1969">Tommasi 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, amended herein).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31F655E950EFFD253CF72C8FB29F8A2" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D5950EFFD253CF72C8FCF8F932" blockId="4.[151,1436,1457,2022]" box="[199,838,1745,1770]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6D3C88950EFFD253CF72C8FDA6F932" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1656647334" box="[199,536,1745,1770]" country="Brazil" location="Coast" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Coast" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC7950EFFD253CF72C8FEE3F932" bold="true" box="[199,349,1745,1770]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE8877950EFFD253CF72C8FEBCF932" box="[199,258,1745,1770]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C1F837950EFFD2526472CBFE12F932" box="[364,428,1746,1770]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">Coast</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3127645950EFFD252D972C8FDA6F932" box="[465,536,1745,1770]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6D3C88950EFFD2512B72C8FCF8F932" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1656647337" box="[547,838,1745,1770]" country="Brazil" location="Bahia" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C1F837950EFFD2512B72C8FDDAF932" box="[547,612,1745,1770]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B24950EFFD2517B72C8FC87F932" author="Deichmann" box="[627,825,1745,1770]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" refString="DEIcHMANN, E. (1930) THE HOLOtHURIANS OF tHE WEStERN PARt OF tHE AtLANtIc OcEAN. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 71 (3), 42 - 276." type="journal article" year="1930">Deichmann 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D5950EFFD253CF72ECFB29F8A2" blockId="4.[151,1436,1457,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6D3C88950EFFD253CF72ECFF47F8EA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1656647332" location="Brussels" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Brussels" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC7950EFFD253CF72ECFEC9F8D6" bold="true" box="[199,375,1781,1806]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE8877950EFFD253CF72ECFEBCF8D6" box="[199,258,1781,1806]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE8877950EFFD252BC72ECFDA2F8D6" box="[436,540,1781,1806]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was not localized. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B24950EFFD2509172ECFBCEF8D6" author="Deichmann" box="[921,1136,1781,1806]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" refString="DEIcHMANN, E. (1930) THE HOLOtHURIANS OF tHE WEStERN PARt OF tHE AtLANtIc OcEAN. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 71 (3), 42 - 276." type="journal article" year="1930">Deichmann (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE8877950EFFD257A172ECFAB5F8D6" box="[1193,1291,1781,1806]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
would be in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C1F837950EFFD2539F7300FF47F8EA" box="[151,249,1817,1842]" country="Belgium" name="Region de Bruxelles-Capitale" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">Brussels</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6D3C88950EFFD2520C7300FED4F88D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1656647333" country="Belgium" location="Bremen" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bremen" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3127645950EFFD2520C7300FED9F8EA" box="[260,359,1817,1842]" name="Belgium" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but this information is not correct (Yves Samyn, personal communication). Maybe this material can be in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C1F837950EFFD252067327FED4F88D" box="[270,362,1854,1877]" country="Germany" name="Bremen" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">Bremen</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6D3C88950EFFD252717327FB29F8A2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1656647335" collectorName="H. Ludwig" country="Germany" location="Bremen" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bremen" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3127645950EFFD252717327FE5DF88E" box="[377,483,1854,1878]" name="Germany" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Van Beneden sent the specimens to
|
||
<collectorName id="26F05303950EFFD250927327FBA9F88E" box="[922,1047,1853,1878]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">H. Ludwig</collectorName>
|
||
who was at that time director in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C1F837950EFFD2539F737BFF4DF8A1" box="[151,243,1890,1913]" country="Germany" name="Bremen" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">Bremen</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Germanny. However, we could not check the information about the Ludwig
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE8877950EFFD2575D737BFB2DF8A2" box="[1109,1171,1890,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">types</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31F655E950EFFD353CF739CFD5EFD70" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="523" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D5950EFFD353CF739CFD5EFD70" blockId="4.[151,1436,1457,2022]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,680]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="523" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC7950EFFD253CF739CFEE7F846" bold="true" box="[199,345,1925,1950]" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimen ZUEC HOL70 measuring
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD9B30950EFFD2500B739CFCEDF845" box="[771,851,1925,1950]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD9B30950EFFD250CE739FFBB6F845" box="[966,1032,1926,1950]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="522" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Body cylindrical, thin, rough, because of the anchors that project out from the body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E2A50950EFFD2508F73B0FBB6F81A" box="[903,1032,1961,1986]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1746,1768]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,733,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[340,1247,733,1724]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Protankyra benedeni (LUDWIG). A, EXtERNAL VIEW; B, ANtERIOR VIEW; C, TENtAcLES; D, CALcAREOUS RING; E, TENtAcLE; F, CILIAtED FUNNELS. ScALE bARS: A – B, 0.5 cM; C, E, 1 MM; D, F, 0.5 MM;" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/998470/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="522">Fig. 3A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Muscle bands externally visible, undivided, narrowing near the anus. Twelve digitate subequal tentacles, each with two pairs of digits and a short central digit (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E2A50950FFFD35233748EFE67FF68" box="[315,473,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1746,1768]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,733,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[340,1247,733,1724]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Protankyra benedeni (LUDWIG). A, EXtERNAL VIEW; B, ANtERIOR VIEW; C, TENtAcLES; D, CALcAREOUS RING; E, TENtAcLE; F, CILIAtED FUNNELS. ScALE bARS: A – B, 0.5 cM; C, E, 1 MM; D, F, 0.5 MM;" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/998470/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="523">Figs. 3C, 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Color white, translucent, with purple spots, more abundant near the tentacles. Calcareous ring simple, with radial and interradial plates low, sub-triangular. Radial plates slightly wider than interradial, with a perforation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E2A50950FFFD352FF74C6FDEDFF20" box="[503,595,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1746,1768]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,733,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[340,1247,733,1724]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Protankyra benedeni (LUDWIG). A, EXtERNAL VIEW; B, ANtERIOR VIEW; C, TENtAcLES; D, CALcAREOUS RING; E, TENtAcLE; F, CILIAtED FUNNELS. ScALE bARS: A – B, 0.5 cM; C, E, 1 MM; D, F, 0.5 MM;" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/998470/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="523">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Six polian vesicles, balloon-shaped,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD9B30950FFFD3570174F9FBD6FF2F" box="[1033,1128,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, with two short stone canals, one apparently free and the other attached to mesentery, two rounded madreporites. Numerous long, nonbranched, tubular gonads, ciliated funnels attached to mesentery, bag-shaped, not bifurcated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E2A50950FFFD357B3753EFAAFFE98" box="[1211,1297,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1746,1768]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,733,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[340,1247,733,1724]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Protankyra benedeni (LUDWIG). A, EXtERNAL VIEW; B, ANtERIOR VIEW; C, TENtAcLES; D, CALcAREOUS RING; E, TENtAcLE; F, CILIAtED FUNNELS. ScALE bARS: A – B, 0.5 cM; C, E, 1 MM; D, F, 0.5 MM;" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/998470/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="523">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body wall with large multi-perforated anchor plates with rectangular base, slightly concave centrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E2A50950FFFD357957555FB46FEBC" box="[1181,1272,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1424,1446]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[340,1247,193,1403]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Protankyra benedeni (LUDWIG). A, ANcHOR PLAtE; B, ANcHORS; C, DEtAIL OF bRIDGE IN tHE ANcHOR PLAtE; D, ARM OF tHE ANcHOR; E, DEtAIL OF tHE StOcK; F, LARGE ANcHOR PLAtE; G, SMALL ANcHOR PLAtE AND ANcHOR; H, DEtAIL OF bASE OF ANcHOR PLAtE; I, DEtAIL OF KEEL IN ANcHOR; J, MILIARY GRANULES. ScALE bARS: A, 80 µM; B, F – G, 100 µM; C, E, H, 50 µM; D, 40 µM; I – J, 10 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/998472/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="523">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
|
||
); central holes greater than marginal perforations, holes in base smaller; each hole can present up to ten teeth or they can be absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E2A50950FFFD35397758DFE8EFE74" box="[159,304,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1424,1446]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[340,1247,193,1403]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Protankyra benedeni (LUDWIG). A, ANcHOR PLAtE; B, ANcHORS; C, DEtAIL OF bRIDGE IN tHE ANcHOR PLAtE; D, ARM OF tHE ANcHOR; E, DEtAIL OF tHE StOcK; F, LARGE ANcHOR PLAtE; G, SMALL ANcHOR PLAtE AND ANcHOR; H, DEtAIL OF bASE OF ANcHOR PLAtE; I, DEtAIL OF KEEL IN ANcHOR; J, MILIARY GRANULES. ScALE bARS: A, 80 µM; B, F – G, 100 µM; C, E, H, 50 µM; D, 40 µM; I – J, 10 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/998472/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="523">Figs. 4A, 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
); bridge of anchor plates well developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E2A50950FFFD3500F758DFCDEFE74" box="[775,864,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1424,1446]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[340,1247,193,1403]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Protankyra benedeni (LUDWIG). A, ANcHOR PLAtE; B, ANcHORS; C, DEtAIL OF bRIDGE IN tHE ANcHOR PLAtE; D, ARM OF tHE ANcHOR; E, DEtAIL OF tHE StOcK; F, LARGE ANcHOR PLAtE; G, SMALL ANcHOR PLAtE AND ANcHOR; H, DEtAIL OF bASE OF ANcHOR PLAtE; I, DEtAIL OF KEEL IN ANcHOR; J, MILIARY GRANULES. ScALE bARS: A, 80 µM; B, F – G, 100 µM; C, E, H, 50 µM; D, 40 µM; I – J, 10 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/998472/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="523">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
); anchors elongated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E2A50950FFFD35747758DFB19FE74" box="[1103,1191,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1424,1446]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[340,1247,193,1403]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Protankyra benedeni (LUDWIG). A, ANcHOR PLAtE; B, ANcHORS; C, DEtAIL OF bRIDGE IN tHE ANcHOR PLAtE; D, ARM OF tHE ANcHOR; E, DEtAIL OF tHE StOcK; F, LARGE ANcHOR PLAtE; G, SMALL ANcHOR PLAtE AND ANcHOR; H, DEtAIL OF bASE OF ANcHOR PLAtE; I, DEtAIL OF KEEL IN ANcHOR; J, MILIARY GRANULES. ScALE bARS: A, 80 µM; B, F – G, 100 µM; C, E, H, 50 µM; D, 40 µM; I – J, 10 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/998472/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="523">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
), large arms with five to ten serrations, not reaching to tip of arm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E2A50950FFFD3519C75AEFD51FE08" box="[660,751,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1424,1446]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[340,1247,193,1403]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Protankyra benedeni (LUDWIG). A, ANcHOR PLAtE; B, ANcHORS; C, DEtAIL OF bRIDGE IN tHE ANcHOR PLAtE; D, ARM OF tHE ANcHOR; E, DEtAIL OF tHE StOcK; F, LARGE ANcHOR PLAtE; G, SMALL ANcHOR PLAtE AND ANcHOR; H, DEtAIL OF bASE OF ANcHOR PLAtE; I, DEtAIL OF KEEL IN ANcHOR; J, MILIARY GRANULES. ScALE bARS: A, 80 µM; B, F – G, 100 µM; C, E, H, 50 µM; D, 40 µM; I – J, 10 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/998472/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="523">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
); stock non-branched, with many aggregated teeth and ends curved towards the central axis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E2A50950FFFD3510A75C5FDE4FE2C" box="[514,602,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1424,1446]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[340,1247,193,1403]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Protankyra benedeni (LUDWIG). A, ANcHOR PLAtE; B, ANcHORS; C, DEtAIL OF bRIDGE IN tHE ANcHOR PLAtE; D, ARM OF tHE ANcHOR; E, DEtAIL OF tHE StOcK; F, LARGE ANcHOR PLAtE; G, SMALL ANcHOR PLAtE AND ANcHOR; H, DEtAIL OF bASE OF ANcHOR PLAtE; I, DEtAIL OF KEEL IN ANcHOR; J, MILIARY GRANULES. ScALE bARS: A, 80 µM; B, F – G, 100 µM; C, E, H, 50 µM; D, 40 µM; I – J, 10 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/998472/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="523">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Keel between stock and central axis poorly developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E2A50950FFFD357D175C5FA99FE2C" box="[1241,1319,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1424,1446]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[340,1247,193,1403]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Protankyra benedeni (LUDWIG). A, ANcHOR PLAtE; B, ANcHORS; C, DEtAIL OF bRIDGE IN tHE ANcHOR PLAtE; D, ARM OF tHE ANcHOR; E, DEtAIL OF tHE StOcK; F, LARGE ANcHOR PLAtE; G, SMALL ANcHOR PLAtE AND ANcHOR; H, DEtAIL OF bASE OF ANcHOR PLAtE; I, DEtAIL OF KEEL IN ANcHOR; J, MILIARY GRANULES. ScALE bARS: A, 80 µM; B, F – G, 100 µM; C, E, H, 50 µM; D, 40 µM; I – J, 10 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/998472/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="523">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFBB1015950FFFD3560575C5FA99FE2C" box="[1293,1319,476,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="523">4I</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); plates of different sizes occur anteriorly, some about half the size of larger plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E2A50950FFFD350B675E6FBA6FDC0" box="[958,1048,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1424,1446]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[340,1247,193,1403]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Protankyra benedeni (LUDWIG). A, ANcHOR PLAtE; B, ANcHORS; C, DEtAIL OF bRIDGE IN tHE ANcHOR PLAtE; D, ARM OF tHE ANcHOR; E, DEtAIL OF tHE StOcK; F, LARGE ANcHOR PLAtE; G, SMALL ANcHOR PLAtE AND ANcHOR; H, DEtAIL OF bASE OF ANcHOR PLAtE; I, DEtAIL OF KEEL IN ANcHOR; J, MILIARY GRANULES. ScALE bARS: A, 80 µM; B, F – G, 100 µM; C, E, H, 50 µM; D, 40 µM; I – J, 10 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/998472/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="523">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
|
||
). In general, the anchor plates vary between 340–365 µm long and 235–265 µm wide. Anchors 440–480 µm long and 275–285 µm wide. In anterior region the anchor plates seem to be larger than in posterior region; the arms of anchors are large, reaching about half of the length of anchor (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C687036E950FFFD352D77675FD94FD5C" box="[479,554,620,645]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,239,584,607]" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements of anchor plates, anchors and miliary granules in Protankyra benedeni." pageId="5" pageNumber="523">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Miliary granules numerous, dumbbell-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E2A50950FFFD357597675FB1AFD5C" box="[1105,1188,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1424,1446]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,1403]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[340,1247,193,1403]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Protankyra benedeni (LUDWIG). A, ANcHOR PLAtE; B, ANcHORS; C, DEtAIL OF bRIDGE IN tHE ANcHOR PLAtE; D, ARM OF tHE ANcHOR; E, DEtAIL OF tHE StOcK; F, LARGE ANcHOR PLAtE; G, SMALL ANcHOR PLAtE AND ANcHOR; H, DEtAIL OF bASE OF ANcHOR PLAtE; I, DEtAIL OF KEEL IN ANcHOR; J, MILIARY GRANULES. ScALE bARS: A, 80 µM; B, F – G, 100 µM; C, E, H, 50 µM; D, 40 µM; I – J, 10 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/998472/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="523">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tentacles with short rods, usually elongated, un-branched, some straight.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF7A665D950FFFD3539F72CBFCD0F8DE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/998470/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="523" targetBox="[340,1247,733,1724]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D5950FFFD3539F72CBFCD0F8DE" blockId="5.[151,1437,1746,1798]" pageId="5" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC7950FFFD3539F72CBFEACF93F" bold="true" box="[151,274,1746,1768]" pageId="5" pageNumber="523">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D56950FFFD3521072CBFDE8F930" authority="(LUDWIG)" authorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[280,598,1746,1768]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Protankyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="benedeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC7950FFFD3521072CBFE52F930" box="[280,492,1746,1768]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="523">Protankyra benedeni</emphasis>
|
||
(LUDWIG)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, EXtERNAL VIEW; B, ANtERIOR VIEW; C, TENtAcLES; D, CALcAREOUS RING; E, TENtAcLE; F, CILIAtED FUNNELS. ScALE bARS: A–B, 0.5 cM; C, E, 1 MM; D, F, 0.5 MM;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31F655E950FFFD353CF7334FC65F86B" pageId="5" pageNumber="523" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D5950FFFD353CF7334FDA1F8B3" blockId="5.[151,1436,1837,1971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC7950FFFD353CF7334FEDEF89E" bold="true" box="[199,352,1837,1862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="523">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C1F837950FFFD352637337FE15F89E" box="[363,427,1838,1862]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="5" pageNumber="523">Coast</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3127645950FFFD352DF7334FDA0F89E" box="[471,542,1837,1862]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="523">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C1F837950FFFD351257334FDD0F89E" box="[557,622,1837,1862]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="5" pageNumber="523">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B24950FFFD351897334FCF9F89E" author="Deichmann" box="[641,839,1837,1862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="523" refString="DEIcHMANN, E. (1930) THE HOLOtHURIANS OF tHE WEStERN PARt OF tHE AtLANtIc OcEAN. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 71 (3), 42 - 276." type="journal article" year="1930">Deichmann 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C1F837950FFFD350737337FC4EF89E" box="[891,1008,1837,1862]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="523">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B24950FFFD3570A7334FB0FF89E" author="Tommasi" box="[1026,1201,1837,1862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="523" refString="TOMMASI, L. R. (1969) LIStA DOS HOLOtHUROIDEA REcENtES DO BRASIL. Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, serie Oceanografia Biologica, 15, 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1969">Tommasi 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Brites
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC7950FFFD356067336FAFDF89E" box="[1294,1347,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="523">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011), found up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD9B30950FFFD35217734BFEE6F8B2" box="[287,344,1874,1898]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="523" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B24950FFFD3526E734BFDADF8B3" author="Tommasi" box="[358,531,1874,1899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="523" refString="TOMMASI, L. R. (1969) LIStA DOS HOLOtHUROIDEA REcENtES DO BRASIL. Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, serie Oceanografia Biologica, 15, 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1969">Tommasi 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D5950FFFD353CF736CFC65F86B" blockId="5.[151,1436,1837,1971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC7950FFFD353CF736CFE2DF856" bold="true" box="[199,403,1909,1934]" pageId="5" pageNumber="523">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Common in dendritic bottoms in the littoral of São Paulo (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B24950FFFD35756736CFAAEF856" author="Tommasi" box="[1118,1296,1909,1934]" pageId="5" pageNumber="523" refString="TOMMASI, L. R. (1969) LIStA DOS HOLOtHUROIDEA REcENtES DO BRASIL. Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, serie Oceanografia Biologica, 15, 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1969">Tommasi 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Along the northeast coast of Brazil the specimens were found buried in the sediment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF7A665D950CFFD0539F7189FAC5FA3B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/998472/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="524" targetBox="[340,1247,193,1403]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D5950CFFD0539F7189FAC5FA3B" blockId="6.[151,1436,1424,1507]" pageId="6" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC7950CFFD0539F7189FEAAFA7D" bold="true" box="[151,276,1424,1446]" pageId="6" pageNumber="524">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D56950CFFD052137189FDE5FA7E" authority="(LUDWIG)" authorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[283,603,1424,1446]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Protankyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="benedeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC7950CFFD052137189FE4EFA7E" box="[283,496,1424,1446]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="524">Protankyra benedeni</emphasis>
|
||
(LUDWIG)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, ANcHOR PLAtE; B, ANcHORS; C, DEtAIL OF bRIDGE IN tHE ANcHOR PLAtE; D, ARM OF tHE ANcHOR; E, DEtAIL OF tHE StOcK; F, LARGE ANcHOR PLAtE; G, SMALL ANcHOR PLAtE AND ANcHOR; H, DEtAIL OF bASE OF ANcHOR PLAtE; I, DEtAIL OF KEEL IN ANcHOR; J, MILIARY GRANULES. ScALE bARS: A, 80 µM; B, F–G, 100 µM; C, E, H, 50 µM; D, 40 µM; I–J, 10 µM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31F655E950CFFD053CF7209FB6AF9A9" pageId="6" pageNumber="524" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D5950CFFD053CF7209FB6AF9A9" blockId="6.[151,1436,1552,1649]" pageId="6" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC7950CFFD053CF7209FE85F9F1" bold="true" box="[199,315,1552,1577]" pageId="6" pageNumber="524">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B24950CFFD052E67209FD22F9F0" author="Ludwig" box="[494,668,1552,1577]" pageId="6" pageNumber="524" refString="LUDWIG, H. (1881) UbER EINE LEbENDIGGEbARENDE SYNAPtIDE UND ZWEI ANDERE HOLOtHURIENARtEN DES BRASILIANIScHEN KUStE. Archives Italiennes de Biologie, 2, 41 - 58." type="journal article" year="1881">Ludwig (1881)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the morphology and anatomy of the tentacles, and the habit of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D56950CFFD0539F722DFE3CF995" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[151,386,1588,1613]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Protankyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" pageNumber="524" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="benedeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC7950CFFD0539F722DFE3CF995" box="[151,386,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="524">Protankyra benedeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D56950CFFD0512D722CFC6BF995" authority="(Montagu 1815)" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1815" box="[549,981,1588,1613]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Oestergrenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" pageNumber="524" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="digitata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC7950CFFD0512D722CFCABF995" box="[549,789,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="524">Oestergrenia digitata</emphasis>
|
||
(Montagu 1815)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the ossicles are different. The name of the species refers to Édouard Van Beneden, who provided the material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3127645950CFFD057057241FBEFF9A9" box="[1037,1105,1624,1649]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="524">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
to Ludwig.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |