427 lines
69 KiB
XML
427 lines
69 KiB
XML
<document id="B4A537D9DC576396B7EA068B0D72B251" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5440801" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5440801" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630450628225" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Norman, David B., Crompton, Alfred W., Butler, Richard J., Porro, Laura B. & Charig, Alan J." docDate="2011" docId="03AC87B33242FF8B0A65F99F8DD38016" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2011.00697.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton 1924" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="236" masterDocId="FF95FFCB3271FFBD0936FFA188468356" masterDocTitle="The Lower Jurassic ornithischian dinosaur Heterodontosaurus tucki Crompton & Charig, 1962: cranial anatomy, functional morphology, taxonomy, and relationships" masterLastPageNumber="276" masterPageNumber="182" pageNumber="233" updateTime="1699275095053" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="88AC31832BFCD696E9E1BB90B79B98EE">The Lower Jurassic ornithischian dinosaur Heterodontosaurus tucki Crompton & Charig, 1962: cranial anatomy, functional morphology, taxonomy, and relationships</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="347A5EB454708C11B299ED542E3DD216">Norman, David B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="87D1D9B74CA0705198C40A59475F46E0">Crompton, Alfred W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E156B574ABBBB0EF845E799F877F11F9">Butler, Richard J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C116AB5655DD513EB1F7072762DC29A5">Porro, Laura B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C2CAF560B524A2F6CF1205AAB5AB790D">Charig, Alan J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="19DE2FC63C6A8397BF43D86AAD73A6DA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E1183D4DE3BE5BD8EF8DD5533D446684">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F696057226E5AAB28025011100F58B61">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="05C38CDDF3D6B0A4DD08C3870E6B0796" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="81D520A646FCC861DBFC4F78925846D5">163</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="E5DB86DAA3CC9FAC47B17848437DB4BA" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5440801</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C31F652E3242FF8E0A65F99F8D268505" box="[851,1376,1598,1619]" pageId="51" pageNumber="233" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBA36A53242FF8E0A65F99F8D268505" blockId="51.[851,1376,1598,1619]" box="[851,1376,1598,1619]" pageId="51" pageNumber="233">
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<heading id="D0F281C93242FF8E0A65F99F8D268505" box="[851,1376,1598,1619]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="51" pageNumber="233" reason="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D263242FF8E0A65F99F8D268505" authority="HAUGHTON, 1924" authorityName="Haughton" authorityYear="1924" box="[851,1376,1598,1619]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="51" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustidens">
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<emphasis id="B971EAB73242FF8E0A65F99F8CCA8507" box="[851,1164,1598,1619]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="233">LYCORHINUS ANGUSTIDENS</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543242FF8E0DA0F99F8D268505" author="Haughton SH" box="[1174,1376,1598,1619]" pageId="51" pageNumber="233" pagination="323 - 497" refId="ref58155" refString="Haughton SH. 1924. The fauna and stratigraphy of the Stormberg Series. Annals of the South African Museum 12: 323 - 497." type="journal article" year="1924">HAUGHTON, 1924</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31F652E3242FF890A10F9C58C888193" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="51" pageNumber="233" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BBA36A53242FF890A10F9C589D38200" blockId="51.[806,1421,1636,1903]" lastBlockId="52.[164,779,198,342]" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="51" pageNumber="233">
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<emphasis id="B971EAB73242FF8E0A10F9C58D4A852F" box="[806,1292,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="233">
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Revised diagnosis:
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D263242FF8E0AC8F9C58D4A852F" authorityName="Haughton" authorityYear="1924" box="[1022,1292,1636,1657]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="51" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustidens">Lycorhinus angustidens</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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||
is retained provisionally as a valid taxon on the basis of the following character combination: dentary caniniform present; diastema between caniniform and first postcaniniform tooth is short, equal in length to the anteroposterior length of the first postcaniniform crown; postcaniniform crowns are closely packed and adjacent crowns contact one another (with some overlap); lateral and medial surfaces of the postcaniniform crowns possess a distinct basal swelling (‘cingulum’) and are therefore expanded mediolaterally above the root; postcaniniform crowns are expanded anteroposteriorly above the root and therefore possess a ‘neck’.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA36A53245FF890992FEDC89F5813C" blockId="52.[164,779,381,618]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">
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<emphasis id="B971EAB73245FF890992FEDC894882C4" box="[164,270,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">
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<typeStatus id="54BE88073245FF890992FEDC894E82C4" box="[164,264,381,402]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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SAM-PK-3606, an incomplete left dentary with caniniform and 11 postcaniniform crowns. (
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<figureCitation id="133E2A203245FF89099AFE1A89708286" box="[172,310,443,465]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="51.[144,223,1262,1281]" captionTargetBox="[145,760,196,1232]" captionTargetId="figure-393@51.[144,761,196,1233]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Figure 37. A, Geranosaurus atavus Broom, 1911. SAM- PK-1871 (holotype). Upper image: dorsal view of the fragmentary (and subsequently damaged) remains of the anterior part of the dentaries and predentary; lower image, the extremely fragmentary right maxilla (with traces of the premaxilla), showing the broken crowns and roots of cheek teeth of a heterodontosaurid from Eastern Cape Province. Matrix on dentary block signified using irregular tone. B, Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924. SAM-PK-3606 (holotype). Partial left dentary, based on the original illustration by Haughton (re-drawn by Hopson, 1975: fig. 1a). The specimen can no longer be found (apart from the dentary crown) and is now represented only by a moulded impression of the original. C, L. angustidens Haughton, 1924. Lateral view of the left dentary dentition (from Hopson, 1975: fig. 1B) retrieved from an impression of the dentition left on the sandstone matrix preserved with the original specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440875/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">Fig. 37B, C</figureCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF89087CFE1A8A4A8286" author="Haughton SH" box="[330,524,443,465]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="323 - 497" refId="ref58155" refString="Haughton SH. 1924. The fauna and stratigraphy of the Stormberg Series. Annals of the South African Museum 12: 323 - 497." type="journal article" year="1924">Haughton, 1924</bibRefCitation>
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||
: fig. 8;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890B5AFE1A8B418286" author="Broom R" box="[620,775,443,464]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" refId="ref56417" refString="Broom R. 1932. The mammal-like reptiles of South Africa and the origin of mammals. Witherby: London." type="book" year="1932">Broom, 1932</bibRefCitation>
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||
: fig. 104i;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF89083BFE788A7D82B8" author="Charig AJ & Crompton AW" box="[269,571,473,495]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="167 - 189" refId="ref56877" refString="Charig AJ, Crompton AW. 1974. The alleged synonymy of Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus. Annals of the South African Museum 64: 167 - 189." type="journal article" year="1974">Charig & Crompton, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 8, 9;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890B98FE7B88988158" author="Hopson JA" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="302 - 305" refId="ref58345" refString="Hopson JA. 1975. On the generic separation of the ornithischian dinosaurs Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa. South African Journal of Science 71: 302 - 305." type="journal article" year="1975">Hopson, 1975</bibRefCitation>
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||
: figs 1, 2, 3e;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF89084BFE598A5A815B" author="Hopson JA" box="[381,540,504,525]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="93 - 105" refId="ref58384" refString="Hopson JA. 1980. Tooth function and replacement in early Mesozoic ornithischian dinosaurs: implications for aestivation. Lethaia 13: 93 - 105." type="journal article" year="1980">Hopson, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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||
: fig. 3;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890B46FE598B418158" author="Galton PM" box="[624,775,504,526]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="203 - 221" refId="ref57585" refString="Galton PM. 1986. Herbivorous adaptations of Late Triassic and Early Jurassic dinosaurs. In: Padian K, ed. The beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs: faunal change across the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 203 - 221." type="book chapter" year="1986">Galton, 1986</bibRefCitation>
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||
: fig. 16.6q;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890815FDB689E0817A" author="Gow CE" box="[291,422,535,556]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="367 - 380" refId="ref57971" refString="Gow CE. 1990. A tooth-bearing maxilla referable to Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924 (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). Annals of the South African Museum 99: 367 - 380." type="journal article" year="1990">Gow, 1990</bibRefCitation>
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||
: figs 2, 3, 7;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890B6CFDB78907811C" author="Weishampel DB & Witmer LM" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="486 - 497" refId="ref62062" refString="Weishampel DB, Witmer LM. 1990. Heterodontosauridae. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H, eds. The Dinosauria. Berkeley: University of California Press, 486 - 497." type="book chapter" year="1990">Weishampel & Witmer, 1990</bibRefCitation>
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||
: fig. 23.2c;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF8908F6FD948A08811C" author="Smith JB" box="[448,590,565,587]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="317 - 320" refId="ref61346" refString="Smith JB. 1997. Heterodontosauridae. In: Currie PJ, Padian K, eds. Encyclopaedia of dinosaurs. San Diego: Academic Press, 317 - 320." type="book chapter" year="1997">Smith, 1997</bibRefCitation>
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||
: fig. 3e;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890B9BFD948974813F" author="Norman DB & Sues H-D & Witmer LM & Coria RA" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="393 - 412" refId="ref59826" refString="Norman DB, Sues H-D, Witmer LM, Coria RA. 2004 c. Basal Ornithopoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H, eds. The Dinosauria, 2 nd edn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 393 - 412." type="book chapter" year="2004">
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Norman
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<emphasis id="B971EAB73245FF890992FDF58892813F" box="[164,212,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">et al</emphasis>
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||
., 2004c
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: fig. 18.2c).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A53245FF890992FD3089998016" blockId="52.[164,779,657,832]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">
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<emphasis id="B971EAB73245FF890992FD3089B181F0" box="[164,503,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">
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<typeStatus id="54BE88073245FF890992FD30894181F0" box="[164,263,657,678]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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horizon and locality:
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</emphasis>
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Upper Elliot Formation at Paballong (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3150623245FF890867FD0E89EF8193" box="[337,425,686,709]" degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" precision="925" value="-30.433332">30°26′S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3150623245FF89088BFD118A5E8193" box="[445,536,686,709]" degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" precision="925" value="28.516666">28°31′E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890B1DFD0E889881B5" author="Kitching JW & Raath MA" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="111 - 125" refId="ref58800" refString="Kitching JW, Raath MA. 1984. Fossils of the Elliot and Clarens Formations (Karoo Sequence) of the Northeastern Cape, Orange Free State and Lesotho, and a suggested biozonation based on tetrapods. Palaeontologia Africana 25: 111 - 125." type="journal article" year="1984">Kitching & Raath, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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||
: table 1), near Mount Fletcher,
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<collectingRegion id="49C1F8473245FF890B5EFD6F894C8055" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">Eastern Cape Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F31276353245FF890823FD4C89EE8055" box="[277,424,749,771]" name="South Africa" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890884FD4C8A0B8055" author="Broom R" box="[434,589,749,771]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" refId="ref56417" refString="Broom R. 1932. The mammal-like reptiles of South Africa and the origin of mammals. Witherby: London." type="book" year="1932">Broom (1932)</bibRefCitation>
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mistakenly suggested that the
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<typeStatus id="54BE88073245FF89086DFCAA89FA8077" box="[347,444,779,801]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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specimen was collected from Witskop near Burgersdorp.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA36A53245FF890992FCC9898187BA" blockId="52.[164,779,871,1903]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">
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<emphasis id="B971EAB73245FF890992FCC98962802B" box="[164,292,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">Discussion:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890819FCC689B2802B" author="Haughton SH" box="[303,500,871,893]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="323 - 497" refId="ref58155" refString="Haughton SH. 1924. The fauna and stratigraphy of the Stormberg Series. Annals of the South African Museum 12: 323 - 497." type="journal article" year="1924">Haughton (1924)</bibRefCitation>
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named
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D263245FF890B60FCC98B4C802A" authorityName="Haughton" authorityYear="1924" box="[598,778,871,893]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustidens">
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<emphasis id="B971EAB73245FF890B60FCC98B4C802A" box="[598,778,871,893]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">Ly. angustidens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on the basis of a partial left dentary exposed in lateral view (SAM-PK-3606), identifying it as a cynodont.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890992FC628978808F" author="Broom R" box="[164,318,963,985]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" refId="ref56417" refString="Broom R. 1932. The mammal-like reptiles of South Africa and the origin of mammals. Witherby: London." type="book" year="1932">Broom (1932)</bibRefCitation>
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||
considered
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D263245FF8908F1FC628A03808E" baseAuthorityName="Hopson" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[455,581,963,984]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B971EAB73245FF8908F1FC628A03808E" box="[455,581,963,984]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">Lycorhinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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a possible ictidosaur (Trithelodontidae), but also noted similarities between the postcaniniform dentition and that of dinosaurs. By the time of Broom’s publication the specimen had already been damaged, and most of the specimen (except for part of the crown of the caniniform tooth) was subsequently lost.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890B47FBDA890787F9" author="Crompton AW & Charig AJ" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="1074 - 1077" refId="ref57081" refString="Crompton AW, Charig AJ. 1962. A new ornithischian from the Upper Triassic of South Africa. Nature 196: 1074 - 1077." type="journal article" year="1962">Crompton & Charig (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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||
first noted the heterodontosaurid affinities of SAM-PK-3606 on the basis of similarities to the dentition of
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D263245FF890854FB76898687BD" authorityName="Crompton & Charig" authorityYear="1962" box="[354,448,1238,1260]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tucki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73245FF890854FB76898687BD" box="[354,448,1238,1260]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">H. tucki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A53245FF89098AFB5489F1852C" blockId="52.[164,779,871,1903]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">
|
||
The incomplete preservation of SAM-PK-3606 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E2A203245FF89099AFAB2896B867C" box="[172,301,1299,1322]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="51.[144,223,1262,1281]" captionTargetBox="[145,760,196,1232]" captionTargetId="figure-393@51.[144,761,196,1233]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Figure 37. A, Geranosaurus atavus Broom, 1911. SAM- PK-1871 (holotype). Upper image: dorsal view of the fragmentary (and subsequently damaged) remains of the anterior part of the dentaries and predentary; lower image, the extremely fragmentary right maxilla (with traces of the premaxilla), showing the broken crowns and roots of cheek teeth of a heterodontosaurid from Eastern Cape Province. Matrix on dentary block signified using irregular tone. B, Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924. SAM-PK-3606 (holotype). Partial left dentary, based on the original illustration by Haughton (re-drawn by Hopson, 1975: fig. 1a). The specimen can no longer be found (apart from the dentary crown) and is now represented only by a moulded impression of the original. C, L. angustidens Haughton, 1924. Lateral view of the left dentary dentition (from Hopson, 1975: fig. 1B) retrieved from an impression of the dentition left on the sandstone matrix preserved with the original specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440875/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">Fig. 37B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
) makes assessing the validity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D263245FF890B98FAB2888B861E" baseAuthorityName="Hopson" baseAuthorityYear="1975" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73245FF890B98FAB2888B861E" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">Lycorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
difficult, especially given the brief description provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF89080DFAF08A438631" author="Haughton SH" box="[315,517,1361,1383]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="323 - 497" refId="ref58155" refString="Haughton SH. 1924. The fauna and stratigraphy of the Stormberg Series. Annals of the South African Museum 12: 323 - 497." type="journal article" year="1924">Haughton (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. More recent descriptions of the dentary and dentition have been based upon silicone moulds of the original specimen and casts of the remaining impressions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890B54FA0C8B408694" author="Hopson JA" box="[610,774,1452,1474]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="302 - 305" refId="ref58345" refString="Hopson JA. 1975. On the generic separation of the ornithischian dinosaurs Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa. South African Journal of Science 71: 302 - 305." type="journal article" year="1975">Hopson, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890992FA6A889B86B6" author="Hopson JA" box="[164,221,1483,1504]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="93 - 105" refId="ref58384" refString="Hopson JA. 1980. Tooth function and replacement in early Mesozoic ornithischian dinosaurs: implications for aestivation. Lethaia 13: 93 - 105." type="journal article" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF8909D8FA6A892D86B7" author="Gow CE" box="[238,363,1483,1505]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="367 - 380" refId="ref57971" refString="Gow CE. 1990. A tooth-bearing maxilla referable to Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924 (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). Annals of the South African Museum 99: 367 - 380." type="journal article" year="1990">Gow, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although recognizing autapomorphies is difficult given the nature of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE88073245FF890B9CFA4B8B4D8556" box="[682,779,1514,1536]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
material,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D263245FF890822F9A989D4854B" baseAuthorityName="Hopson" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[276,402,1544,1565]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73245FF890822F9A989D4854B" box="[276,402,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">Lycorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be retained provisionally as a distinct taxonomic entity on the basis of a unique character combination, absent in other heterodontosaurids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF89083FF9C589EC852C" author="Hopson JA" box="[265,426,1636,1658]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="302 - 305" refId="ref58345" refString="Hopson JA. 1975. On the generic separation of the ornithischian dinosaurs Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa. South African Journal of Science 71: 302 - 305." type="journal article" year="1975">Hopson, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A53245FF89098AF9228CF7824F" blockId="52.[164,779,871,1903]" lastBlockId="52.[826,1441,198,709]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">
|
||
Comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D263245FF8908AEF9228A5585CE" baseAuthorityName="THULBORN" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[408,531,1667,1688]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Abrictosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="consors">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73245FF8908AEF9228A5585CE" box="[408,531,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">A. consors</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E2A203245FF890B1DF9228AF285CE" box="[555,692,1667,1689]" captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="55.[144,223,1201,1220]" captionTargetBox="[144,759,194,1169]" captionTargetId="figure-478@55.[144,760,194,1171]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Figure 39. A, Abrictosaurus consors (Thulborn, 1974). NHMUK RU B54 (holotype). A partial skull (illustrated in abstract form – and based on the reconstruction in Thulborn, 1978). Shading represents known elements of the skull and dentition. The specimen includes postcranial elements that (along with the skull) are in need of further preparation and re-description. B, Abrictosaurus consors (Thulborn, 1974). NHMUK RU B54 (holotype). The maxillary and dentary dentitions, as drawn by Thulborn (1974: fig. 3). C, Lanasaurus scalpridens Gow, 1975. BP/1/4244 (holotype). The maxillary dentition in medial aspect [reversed for comparison with (B)] showing the almost complete dentition (crown 12 obliquely truncated) and with the individually angled wear facets accentuated by cross-hatching (redrawn from Hopson, 1980: fig. 2)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440879/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">Fig. 39A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
– discussed below) is difficult, because in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D263245FF890B6BF9008A9D85E0" baseAuthorityName="Hopson" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[605,731,1697,1718]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73245FF890B6BF9008A9D85E0" box="[605,731,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">Lycorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the dentary teeth have been best described in medial view, whereas the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE88073245FF89088CF97F8A5D85A2" box="[442,539,1758,1780]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D263245FF890B5AF97F8B4D85A5" box="[620,779,1758,1779]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Abrictosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73245FF890B5AF97F8B4D85A5" box="[620,779,1758,1779]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">Abrictosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NHMUK RU B54) only exposes the dentition laterally. One striking difference is the absence of a dentary caniniform in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D263245FF89088DF89B8A1C8419" box="[443,602,1850,1871]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Abrictosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73245FF89088DF89B8A1C8419" box="[443,602,1850,1871]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">Abrictosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890BACF89B889D8438" author="Thulborn RA" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="151 - 175" refId="ref61716" refString="Thulborn RA. 1974. A new heterodontosaurid dinosaur (Reptilia: Ornithischia) from the Upper Triassic Red Beds of Lesotho. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (London) 55: 151 - 175." type="journal article" year="1974">Thulborn, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
– as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D263245FF89082DF8F889B28438" baseAuthorityName="Thulborn" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[283,500,1881,1902]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="consors">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73245FF89082DF8F889B28438" box="[283,500,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">Lycorhinus consors</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which is likely to be a feature of genuine taxonomic significance (as opposed to ontogenetic or sexually dimorphic significance, as originally suggested, see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A53245FF890A65FE838C888193" blockId="52.[826,1441,198,709]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D263245FF890A65FE838C2D8261" authorityName="Crompton & Charig" authorityYear="1962" box="[851,1131,290,311]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tucki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73245FF890A65FE838C2D8261" box="[851,1131,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">Heterodontosaurus tucki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D263245FF890C35FE838DC78261" baseAuthorityName="Hopson" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[1283,1409,290,311]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73245FF890C35FE838DC78261" box="[1283,1409,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">Lycorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that the dentary cheek teeth do not substantially overlap one another (although minor imbrication is present – see
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E2A203245FF890AD6FEDC8C7082C5" box="[992,1078,381,403]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="35.[144,223,1821,1840]" captionTargetBox="[287,1279,195,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-0@35.[287,1279,195,1792]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 25. Heterodontosaurus tucki Crompton & Charig, 1962. SAM-PK-K1332 (referred specimen). Dentary dentition. A, right dentition in lateral view (top) and medial view (bottom). B, left dentition in lateral view (top) and medial view (bottom)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440849/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">Figs 25</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E2A203245FF890D72FEDF8C2482C2" box="[1092,1122,382,404]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="36.[826,905,1079,1098]" captionTargetBox="[879,1388,196,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-356@36.[878,1390,195,1049]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 27. Heterodontosaurus tucki Crompton & Charig, 1962. SAM-PK-K1332 (referred specimen). Line drawings based on scanning electron micrograph images of right dentary teeth: De.7–De.9. A, worn surfaces of the teeth in oblique dorsolateral aspect showing the lipped lower edges of the wear facets and the minor imbrication between crowns (the overlap pattern is the reverse of that seen in the maxillary dentition – see Fig. 21B). B, close-up of De.9 to show details of the wear facet and the lower ‘lip’ at the base of the wear facet. For full list of abbreviations see end of paper." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440853/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">27</figureCitation>
|
||
); have crowns that are not expanded labiolingually or mesiodistally above the root (i.e. a distinct ‘cingulum’ and a distinct ‘neck’ are both absent); have a nearly continuous wear surface developed across all teeth; and have a primary ridge on the medial surface that is offset anteriorly (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890A74FD948B9D811D" author="Hopson JA" box="[834,987,565,587]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="302 - 305" refId="ref58345" refString="Hopson JA. 1975. On the generic separation of the ornithischian dinosaurs Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa. South African Journal of Science 71: 302 - 305." type="journal article" year="1975">Hopson, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) with secondary ridges commonly developed on the medial surface posterior to the primary ridge. Comparisons of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D263245FF890D01FDD38CF381D1" baseAuthorityName="Hopson" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[1079,1205,626,647]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73245FF890D01FDD38CF381D1" box="[1079,1205,626,647]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">Lycorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D263245FF890DC2FDD28DE781D1" authorityName="Gow" authorityYear="1975" box="[1268,1441,626,648]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lanasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scalpridens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73245FF890DC2FDD28DE781D1" box="[1268,1441,626,648]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">La. scalpridens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E2A203245FF890A74FD308BE581F1" box="[834,931,657,679]" captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="55.[144,223,1201,1220]" captionTargetBox="[144,759,194,1169]" captionTargetId="figure-478@55.[144,760,194,1171]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Figure 39. A, Abrictosaurus consors (Thulborn, 1974). NHMUK RU B54 (holotype). A partial skull (illustrated in abstract form – and based on the reconstruction in Thulborn, 1978). Shading represents known elements of the skull and dentition. The specimen includes postcranial elements that (along with the skull) are in need of further preparation and re-description. B, Abrictosaurus consors (Thulborn, 1974). NHMUK RU B54 (holotype). The maxillary and dentary dentitions, as drawn by Thulborn (1974: fig. 3). C, Lanasaurus scalpridens Gow, 1975. BP/1/4244 (holotype). The maxillary dentition in medial aspect [reversed for comparison with (B)] showing the almost complete dentition (crown 12 obliquely truncated) and with the individually angled wear facets accentuated by cross-hatching (redrawn from Hopson, 1980: fig. 2)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440879/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">Fig. 39C</figureCitation>
|
||
) are not possible because the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE88073245FF890C31FD308D3581F1" box="[1287,1395,657,679]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are lower and upper jaws, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31F652E3245FF8B0A0CFD4C8DD38016" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="236" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A53245FF890A0CFD4C8C538054" blockId="52.[826,1442,749,1902]" box="[826,1045,749,770]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73245FF890A0CFD4C8C538054" box="[826,1045,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">NHMUK RU A100</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A53245FF890A0CFCAA8BA686B7" blockId="52.[826,1442,749,1902]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">
|
||
This specimen is represented by an incomplete and disarticulated skull (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E2A203245FF890D1BFC8B8C3B8016" box="[1069,1149,810,832]" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="53.[144,223,940,959]" captionTargetBox="[400,1166,197,909]" captionTargetId="figure-350@53.[399,1167,196,910]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Figure 38. NHMUK RU A100 (BMNH A100). Unnamed heterodontosaur remains based on a partial skull that was originally referred to the genus Lycorhinus by Thulborn (1970b) – composite image manipulated to create the effect of a partial anterior skull viewed from left side. A, left premaxilla in medial view (reversed). B, left maxilla in lateral view. C, maxillary dentition in medial view (reversed). D, left dentary in medial view (reversed). Illustrations derived from Charig & Crompton (1974: figs 4–7)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440877/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
), and was collected from the same locality as SAM-PK-3606 (the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE88073245FF890C76FCE98DE78008" box="[1344,1441,840,862]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D263245FF890A69FCC98C5E802A" authorityName="Haughton" authorityYear="1924" box="[863,1048,871,893]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73245FF890A69FCC98C5E802A" box="[863,1048,871,893]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">Ly. angustidens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It was referred to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D263245FF890A0CFC278BFE80CD" baseAuthorityName="Hopson" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[826,952,902,923]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73245FF890A0CFC278BFE80CD" box="[826,952,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">Lycorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890ADEFC278CF480CA" author="Thulborn RA" box="[1000,1202,902,924]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="235 - 245" refId="ref61614" refString="Thulborn RA. 1970 b. The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (London) 49: 235 - 245." type="journal article" year="1970">Thulborn (1970b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who suggested that NHMUK RU A100 and SAM-PK-3606 might represent different parts of a single individual; this interpretation is not credible:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890DBDFC408DE780A1" author="Thulborn RA" box="[1163,1441,993,1015]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="235 - 245" refId="ref61614" refString="Thulborn RA. 1970 b. The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (London) 49: 235 - 245." type="journal article" year="1970">Thulborn (1970b: 236)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
acknowledged the substantial hiatus (~40 years) between the collection of SAM-PK-3606 and the collection of NHMUK RU A
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD9B403245FF890D53FB9C8CE88705" box="[1125,1198,1085,1107]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" unit="in" value="100.0">100 in</quantity>
|
||
1960–1961 and this was further reinforced by the observations of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890C65FBFD8C0887C6" author="Charig AJ & Crompton AW" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="167 - 189" refId="ref56877" refString="Charig AJ, Crompton AW. 1974. The alleged synonymy of Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus. Annals of the South African Museum 64: 167 - 189." type="journal article" year="1974">Charig & Crompton (1974: 176)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on the nature of the Red Bed exposure in this area and the annual rates of erosion. Furthermore,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890AD5FB198CED8798" author="Thulborn RA" box="[995,1195,1208,1230]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="235 - 245" refId="ref61614" refString="Thulborn RA. 1970 b. The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (London) 49: 235 - 245." type="journal article" year="1970">Thulborn (1970b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 5) misidentified the dentary of NHMUK RU A100 as the right dentary; it in fact appears to be the left dentary exposed in medial view (R. J. B., pers. observ.), the same element as SAM-PK-3606.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890D8CFA938BC48631" author="Charig AJ & Crompton AW" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="167 - 189" refId="ref56877" refString="Charig AJ, Crompton AW. 1974. The alleged synonymy of Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus. Annals of the South African Museum 64: 167 - 189." type="journal article" year="1974">Charig & Crompton (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discussed the possibility that NHMUK RU A100 might represent more than a single individual; however, we agree with their conclusion that this is unlikely given that the specimen contains no duplicate elements.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A53245FF890A65FA4B8B208438" blockId="52.[826,1442,749,1902]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">
|
||
A number of characters of NHMUK RU A100 has been reported to differ from SAM-PK-3606 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890C64F9A98C17856A" author="Charig AJ & Crompton AW" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="167 - 189" refId="ref56877" refString="Charig AJ, Crompton AW. 1974. The alleged synonymy of Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus. Annals of the South African Museum 64: 167 - 189." type="journal article" year="1974">Charig & Crompton, 1974: 179</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890D57F9868D47856B" author="Hopson JA" box="[1121,1281,1575,1597]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="302 - 305" refId="ref58345" refString="Hopson JA. 1975. On the generic separation of the ornithischian dinosaurs Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa. South African Journal of Science 71: 302 - 305." type="journal article" year="1975">Hopson, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and on this basis it has been suggested that NHMUK RU A100 may represent either a distinct but unnamed genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890A74F9238C3B85CF" author="Charig AJ & Crompton AW" box="[834,1149,1666,1689]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="167 - 189" refId="ref56877" refString="Charig AJ, Crompton AW. 1974. The alleged synonymy of Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus. Annals of the South African Museum 64: 167 - 189." type="journal article" year="1974">Charig & Crompton, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or a second individual of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D263245FF890A55F9008BA585E1" baseAuthorityName="Thulborn" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[867,995,1697,1719]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="consors">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73245FF890A55F9008BA585E1" box="[867,995,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">A. consors</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890D36F9008CEC85E1" author="Hopson JA" box="[1024,1194,1697,1719]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="302 - 305" refId="ref58345" refString="Hopson JA. 1975. On the generic separation of the ornithischian dinosaurs Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa. South African Journal of Science 71: 302 - 305." type="journal article" year="1975">Hopson, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890DF2F9008CBB85E0" author="Hopson JA" box="[1220,1277,1697,1718]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="93 - 105" refId="ref58384" refString="Hopson JA. 1980. Tooth function and replacement in early Mesozoic ornithischian dinosaurs: implications for aestivation. Lethaia 13: 93 - 105." type="journal article" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890C20F9008C488583" author="Weishampel DB & Witmer LM" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="486 - 497" refId="ref62062" refString="Weishampel DB, Witmer LM. 1990. Heterodontosauridae. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H, eds. The Dinosauria. Berkeley: University of California Press, 486 - 497." type="book chapter" year="1990">Weishampel & Witmer, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890D1FF9618D718580" author="Norman DB & Sues H-D & Witmer LM & Coria RA" box="[1065,1335,1728,1750]" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="393 - 412" refId="ref59826" refString="Norman DB, Sues H-D, Witmer LM, Coria RA. 2004 c. Basal Ornithopoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H, eds. The Dinosauria, 2 nd edn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 393 - 412." type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||
Norman
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73245FF890DAAF9618C8B8583" box="[1180,1229,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2004c
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543245FF890C6EF9618B9A85A2" author="Butler RJ & Upchurch P & Norman DB" pageId="52" pageNumber="234" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref56797" refString="Butler RJ, Upchurch P, Norman DB. 2008 b. The phylogeny of the ornithischian dinosaurs. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 6: 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Butler
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73245FF890A0CF97E8B2D85A5" box="[826,875,1758,1780]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="234">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2008b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated NHMUK RU A100 as a distinct taxon for phylogenetic analysis because of this uncertainty. The characters by which NHMUK RU A100 is suggested to differ from SAM-PK-3606 are:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7A662D3244FF8809A6FC0D8A508763" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440877" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5440877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440877/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="235" startId="53.[144,223,940,959]" targetBox="[400,1166,197,909]" targetPageId="53">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A53244FF8809A6FC0D8A508763" blockId="53.[144,1422,940,1077]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73244FF8809A6FC0D89438096" bold="true" box="[144,261,940,960]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235">Figure 38.</emphasis>
|
||
NHMUK RU A100 (BMNH A100). Unnamed heterodontosaur remains based on a partial skull that was originally referred to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D263244FF8808D2FC6B8A1E808B" baseAuthorityName="Hopson" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[484,600,970,989]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="53" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73244FF8808D2FC6B8A1E808B" box="[484,600,970,989]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="235">Lycorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543244FF880BB6FC6B8B7E808B" author="Thulborn RA" box="[640,824,970,989]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235" pagination="235 - 245" refId="ref61614" refString="Thulborn RA. 1970 b. The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (London) 49: 235 - 245." type="journal article" year="1970">Thulborn (1970b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
– composite image manipulated to create the effect of a partial anterior skull viewed from left side. A, left premaxilla in medial view (reversed). B, left maxilla in lateral view. C, maxillary dentition in medial view (reversed). D, left dentary in medial view (reversed). Illustrations derived from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543244FF8809A6FB8389ED8763" author="Charig AJ & Crompton AW" box="[144,427,1058,1077]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235" pagination="167 - 189" refId="ref56877" refString="Charig AJ, Crompton AW. 1974. The alleged synonymy of Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus. Annals of the South African Museum 64: 167 - 189." type="journal article" year="1974">Charig & Crompton (1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 4–7).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A53244FF8809ABFBDA8AA087BA" blockId="53.[157,759,1146,1903]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235">
|
||
1. The dentary caniniform of NHMUK RU A100 serrated on its anterior margin only (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543244FF880BB3FB3889418798" author="Thulborn RA" pageId="53" pageNumber="235" pagination="235 - 245" refId="ref61614" refString="Thulborn RA. 1970 b. The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (London) 49: 235 - 245." type="journal article" year="1970">Thulborn, 1970b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas both mesial and distal margins are serrated in SAM-PK-3606 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543244FF880B00FB778A9C87BA" author="Hopson JA" box="[566,730,1238,1260]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235" pagination="302 - 305" refId="ref58345" refString="Hopson JA. 1975. On the generic separation of the ornithischian dinosaurs Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa. South African Journal of Science 71: 302 - 305." type="journal article" year="1975">Hopson, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A53244FF8809ABFB548A13861E" blockId="53.[157,759,1146,1903]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235">
|
||
2. The base of the dentary caniniform is more slender in SAM-PK-3606 than in NHMUK RU A100 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543244FF880838FA938A0F861E" author="Charig AJ & Crompton AW" box="[270,585,1330,1352]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235" pagination="167 - 189" refId="ref56877" refString="Charig AJ, Crompton AW. 1974. The alleged synonymy of Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus. Annals of the South African Museum 64: 167 - 189." type="journal article" year="1974">Charig & Crompton, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A53244FF8809ABFAF08A1386F2" blockId="53.[157,759,1146,1903]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235">
|
||
3. The dentary is deeper beneath the caniniform in SAM-PK-3606 when compared to NHMUK RU A100 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543244FF880838FA2F8A0F86F2" author="Charig AJ & Crompton AW" box="[270,585,1422,1444]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235" pagination="167 - 189" refId="ref56877" refString="Charig AJ, Crompton AW. 1974. The alleged synonymy of Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus. Annals of the South African Museum 64: 167 - 189." type="journal article" year="1974">Charig & Crompton, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A53244FF8809ABFA0C8A3B8548" blockId="53.[157,759,1146,1903]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235">
|
||
4. The length of the diastema between the caniniform and the first postcaniniform dentary tooth is greater in NHMUK RU A100 than in SAM- PK-3606 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543244FF880800F9A98A378548" author="Charig AJ & Crompton AW" box="[310,625,1544,1566]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235" pagination="167 - 189" refId="ref56877" refString="Charig AJ, Crompton AW. 1974. The alleged synonymy of Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus. Annals of the South African Museum 64: 167 - 189." type="journal article" year="1974">Charig & Crompton, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A53244FF8809ABF9868A13852C" blockId="53.[157,759,1146,1903]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235">
|
||
5. The tip of the caniniform is bevelled anteromedially in SAM-PK-3606 but not in NHMUK RU A100 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543244FF880838F9C58A0F852C" author="Charig AJ & Crompton AW" box="[270,585,1636,1658]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235" pagination="167 - 189" refId="ref56877" refString="Charig AJ, Crompton AW. 1974. The alleged synonymy of Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus. Annals of the South African Museum 64: 167 - 189." type="journal article" year="1974">Charig & Crompton, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A53244FF8809ABF922897885A3" blockId="53.[157,759,1146,1903]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235">
|
||
6. Postcaniniform dentary crowns are inclined slightly mesially [anteriorly] in SAM-PK-3606 but not in NHMUK RU A100 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543244FF880B1CF961897485A3" author="Charig AJ & Crompton AW" pageId="53" pageNumber="235" pagination="167 - 189" refId="ref56877" refString="Charig AJ, Crompton AW. 1974. The alleged synonymy of Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus. Annals of the South African Museum 64: 167 - 189." type="journal article" year="1974">Charig & Crompton, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A53244FF8809ABF95C8A488439" blockId="53.[157,759,1146,1903]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235">
|
||
7. Dentary crowns are closely packed with the cusps of adjacent crowns contacting one another in SAM-PK-3606 but not in NHMUK RU A100 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543244FF8809F1F8F88A448439" author="Charig AJ & Crompton AW" box="[199,514,1881,1903]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235" pagination="167 - 189" refId="ref56877" refString="Charig AJ, Crompton AW. 1974. The alleged synonymy of Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus. Annals of the South African Museum 64: 167 - 189." type="journal article" year="1974">Charig & Crompton, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A53244FF880A02FBDA8C678798" blockId="53.[806,1421,1146,1413]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235">
|
||
8. Dentary crowns are heavily worn in SAM-PK- 3606 but not in NHMUK RU A100 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543244FF880C2AFB388C538798" author="Charig AJ & Crompton AW" pageId="53" pageNumber="235" pagination="167 - 189" refId="ref56877" refString="Charig AJ, Crompton AW. 1974. The alleged synonymy of Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus. Annals of the South African Museum 64: 167 - 189." type="journal article" year="1974">Charig & Crompton, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A53244FF880A02FB778CAA867C" blockId="53.[806,1421,1146,1413]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235">
|
||
9. Dentary crowns asymmetrical in labial view in SAM-PK-3606 but symmetrical in NHMUK RU A100 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543244FF880A93FAB28CA6867C" author="Charig AJ & Crompton AW" box="[933,1248,1299,1322]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235" pagination="167 - 189" refId="ref56877" refString="Charig AJ, Crompton AW. 1974. The alleged synonymy of Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus. Annals of the South African Museum 64: 167 - 189." type="journal article" year="1974">Charig & Crompton, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A53244FF880A10FA938CBF86D3" blockId="53.[806,1421,1146,1413]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235">
|
||
10. Bases of the dentary crowns are notably more strongly swollen in SAM-PK-3606 than in NHMUK RU A100 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543244FF880D7FFACE8CAA86D3" author="Hopson JA" box="[1097,1260,1391,1413]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235" pagination="302 - 305" refId="ref58345" refString="Hopson JA. 1975. On the generic separation of the ornithischian dinosaurs Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa. South African Journal of Science 71: 302 - 305." type="journal article" year="1975">Hopson, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A53244FF8B0A09FA0D88BD852C" blockId="53.[806,1421,1452,1903]" lastBlockId="54.[164,779,198,1903]" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="236" pageId="53" pageNumber="235">
|
||
Character 1 cannot be assessed for NHMUK RU A100 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73244FF880A45FA6D8BFD86B7" box="[883,955,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="235">contra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543244FF880AF3FA6A8CC386B7" author="Thulborn RA" box="[965,1157,1483,1505]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235" pagination="235 - 245" refId="ref61614" refString="Thulborn RA. 1970 b. The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (London) 49: 235 - 245." type="journal article" year="1970">Thulborn, 1970b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) because the posterior margin of the caniniform is largely covered by sediment. The exposed apicothecal height of the caniniform of NHMUK RU A100 is approximately 3.1 times the mesiodistal length of its base (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543244FF880D88F9E48DC7850D" author="Thulborn RA" box="[1214,1409,1605,1627]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235" pagination="235 - 245" refId="ref61614" refString="Thulborn RA. 1970 b. The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (London) 49: 235 - 245." type="journal article" year="1970">Thulborn, 1970b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); the corresponding ratio as preserved is ~ 2.8 in SAM-PK-3606 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543244FF880AE8F9228CE485CF" author="Thulborn RA" box="[990,1186,1667,1689]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235" pagination="235 - 245" refId="ref61614" refString="Thulborn RA. 1970 b. The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (London) 49: 235 - 245." type="journal article" year="1970">Thulborn, 1970b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but the tip of the caniniform is missing. There is therefore little difference in Character 2 between NHMUK RU A100 and SAM-PK-3606. Adequate assessment of Character 3 is precluded by the incomplete exposure of the dentary of NHMUK RU A100 and the incomplete ventral margin of the dentary of SAM-PK-3606 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543244FF880A18F8F88B888439" author="Hopson JA" box="[814,974,1881,1903]" pageId="53" pageNumber="235" pagination="302 - 305" refId="ref58345" refString="Hopson JA. 1975. On the generic separation of the ornithischian dinosaurs Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa. South African Journal of Science 71: 302 - 305." type="journal article" year="1975">Hopson, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1a). Character 4 does represent a valid difference: in NHMUK RU A100 the postcaniniform diastema is equivalent in mesiodistal length to the mesiodistal length of the first two postcaniniform crowns, and is ~70% of the length of the base of the caniniform. By contrast, the diastema is significantly shorter in SAM-PK-3606, being equivalent only to the mesiodistal length of the first postcaniniform crown, and ~25% of the length of the base of the caniniform. Character 5 cannot be adequately assessed for NHMUK RU A100 because the dentary is only visible in medial view (
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73247FF8B086FFE5889E78158" box="[345,417,505,526]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="236">contra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543247FF8B089EFE598A238158" author="Thulborn RA" box="[424,613,504,526]" pageId="54" pageNumber="236" pagination="235 - 245" refId="ref61614" refString="Thulborn RA. 1970 b. The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (London) 49: 235 - 245." type="journal article" year="1970">Thulborn, 1970b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the tip of the caniniform is, in any case, inadequately exposed. Character 6 does not appear to be valid: a slight anterior inclination of several of the postcaniniform crowns (notably crowns 4 and 5) is evident in NHMUK RU A100, although not in the drawings of NHMUK RU A100 provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543247FF8B0B0AFD0E8B418193" author="Thulborn RA" box="[572,775,687,709]" pageId="54" pageNumber="236" pagination="235 - 245" refId="ref61614" refString="Thulborn RA. 1970 b. The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (London) 49: 235 - 245." type="journal article" year="1970">Thulborn (1970b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 5). Character 7 is a valid distinction: the exposed postcaniniform crowns of NHMUK RU A100 are comparatively broadly spaced and the margins of adjacent crowns do not contact or overlap one another, unlike the tightly packed dentition of SAM-PK-3606. Character 8 is difficult to assess adequately for NHMUK RU A100 because so few of the dentary crowns are adequately exposed, and those that are exposed are exposed in medial view (wear facets on dentary crowns occur on the lateral surfaces). However, the preservation of denticles along the anterior and posterior margins of the anterior dentary crowns of NHMUK RU A100 does suggest that the crowns have received little wear – this may therefore represent a valid difference from SAM-PK-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD9B403247FF8B0824FB38892E87F9" box="[274,360,1177,1199]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.15924" pageId="54" pageNumber="236" unit="in" value="3606.0">3606 in</quantity>
|
||
which the crowns are heavily worn and cusps are rarely preserved (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E2A203247FF8B0B66FB198AF58798" box="[592,691,1208,1230]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="51.[144,223,1262,1281]" captionTargetBox="[145,760,196,1232]" captionTargetId="figure-393@51.[144,761,196,1233]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Figure 37. A, Geranosaurus atavus Broom, 1911. SAM- PK-1871 (holotype). Upper image: dorsal view of the fragmentary (and subsequently damaged) remains of the anterior part of the dentaries and predentary; lower image, the extremely fragmentary right maxilla (with traces of the premaxilla), showing the broken crowns and roots of cheek teeth of a heterodontosaurid from Eastern Cape Province. Matrix on dentary block signified using irregular tone. B, Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924. SAM-PK-3606 (holotype). Partial left dentary, based on the original illustration by Haughton (re-drawn by Hopson, 1975: fig. 1a). The specimen can no longer be found (apart from the dentary crown) and is now represented only by a moulded impression of the original. C, L. angustidens Haughton, 1924. Lateral view of the left dentary dentition (from Hopson, 1975: fig. 1B) retrieved from an impression of the dentition left on the sandstone matrix preserved with the original specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440875/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="236">Fig. 37C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Characters 9 and 10 cannot be assessed adequately because the dentary teeth of NHMUK RU A100 are exposed only in medial view, whereas those of SAM- PK-3606 are best documented in lateral view (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543247FF8B099DFAF0890E8630" author="Hopson JA" box="[171,328,1360,1382]" pageId="54" pageNumber="236" pagination="302 - 305" refId="ref58345" refString="Hopson JA. 1975. On the generic separation of the ornithischian dinosaurs Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa. South African Journal of Science 71: 302 - 305." type="journal article" year="1975">Hopson, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543247FF8B0865FAF0898D8631" author="Gow CE" box="[339,459,1361,1383]" pageId="54" pageNumber="236" pagination="367 - 380" refId="ref57971" refString="Gow CE. 1990. A tooth-bearing maxilla referable to Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924 (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). Annals of the South African Museum 99: 367 - 380." type="journal article" year="1990">Gow, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, it is clear that in medial view, the dentary teeth of NHMUK RU A100 are not symmetrical: the primary ridge is offset towards the anterior margin, so Character 9 is invalid. Although the anterior dentary crowns of NHMUK RU A100 are well differentiated from the root and expanded anteroposteriorly above, this is also true of the anterior dentary crowns of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D263247FF8B0BBBF9868B4D856A" baseAuthorityName="Hopson" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[653,779,1575,1596]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="54" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73247FF8B0BBBF9868B4D856A" box="[653,779,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="236">Lycorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543247FF8B099DF9E4890B850D" author="Hopson JA" box="[171,333,1605,1627]" pageId="54" pageNumber="236" pagination="302 - 305" refId="ref58345" refString="Hopson JA. 1975. On the generic separation of the ornithischian dinosaurs Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa. South African Journal of Science 71: 302 - 305." type="journal article" year="1975">Hopson, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1B), so Character 10 seems to be invalid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A53247FF8B098AF9228C318287" blockId="54.[164,779,198,1903]" lastBlockId="54.[826,1441,198,832]" pageId="54" pageNumber="236">
|
||
Three valid distinctions between NHMUK RU A100 and SAM-PK-3606 remain: the difference in the relative length of the diastema (Character 4); the difference in the packing of the postcaniniform teeth (Character 7); and differences in the degree of dental wear (Character 8). The last character is inadmissible because it is a developmental and functional variable between individuals. NHMUK RU A100 and SAM- PK-3606 are commensurate so it seems unlikely that the first two of these distinctions can be ascribed to ontogenetic stage differences. The degree of intraspecific variation in the length of the diastema in heterodontosaurids is unknown: in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D263247FF8B0DFCFEE18DE78203" authorityName="Edmund" authorityYear="1960" box="[1226,1441,320,341]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="54" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73247FF8B0DFCFEE18DE78203" box="[1226,1441,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="236">Heterodontosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the diastema is only adequately preserved in the referred specimen SAM-PK-K1332.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D263247FF8B0DD1FEDC8B1982E4" authorityName="Edmund" authorityYear="1960" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="54" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73247FF8B0DD1FEDC8B1982E4" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="236">Heterodontosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows little ontogenetic or individual variation in the packing of cheek teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A53247FF8B0A65FE7B8D028054" blockId="54.[826,1441,198,832]" pageId="54" pageNumber="236">
|
||
It is impossible to evaluate the significance of the anatomical differences between NHMUK RU A100 and SAM-PK-3606 because the material is too imperfect to establish whether they represent individual variations, species-specific features or components of higher-level taxonomic separation. In view of these differences, and in view of the inadequate nature of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE88073247FF8B0A5CFD0E8B8D8193" box="[874,971,687,709]" pageId="54" pageNumber="236" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D263247FF8B0D5AFD118D678192" authorityName="Haughton" authorityYear="1924" box="[1132,1313,687,709]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="54" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73247FF8B0D5AFD118D678192" box="[1132,1313,687,709]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="236">Ly. angustidens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SAM-PK- 3606), we feel that referral of NHMUK RU A100 to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D263247FF8B0A0CFD4C8BA88054" authorityName="Haughton" authorityYear="1924" box="[826,1006,749,770]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="54" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73247FF8B0A0CFD4C8BA88054" box="[826,1006,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="236">Ly. angustidens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not justified at this stage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36A53247FF8B0A65FCAD8DD38016" blockId="54.[826,1441,198,832]" pageId="54" pageNumber="236">
|
||
Note. NHMUK RU A100 will be referred tentatively to the taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D263247FF8B0AE4FC8B8D438016" authority="Gow, 1975" authorityName="Gow" authorityYear="1975" box="[978,1285,810,832]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lanasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="54" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scalpridens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAB73247FF8B0AE4FC8B8CC48069" box="[978,1154,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="236">La. scalpridens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B543247FF8B0DBBFC8B8D438016" author="Gow CE" box="[1165,1285,810,832]" pageId="54" pageNumber="236" pagination="335 - 339" refId="ref57934" refString="Gow CE. 1975. A new heterodontosaurid from the Red Beds of South Africa showing clear evidence of tooth replacement. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (London) 57: 335 - 339." type="journal article" year="1975">Gow, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |