361 lines
48 KiB
XML
361 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="7270" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fbb326c8-8f97-44f4-a648-ec9f935ee293" ID-PMC="PMC8065025" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1032-17" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7E7EE68D2DB65E1680CC7E33B36AEC74" ID-PubMed="33958915" ID-ZooBank="EBF7586A9EF748FEBFB53D8F1E372120" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1032-17" checkinTime="1618619371065" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Macharoenboon, Kongkit, Siriwut, Warut & Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai" docDate="2021" docId="E7981B0A60545193BCB04EC51FB16855" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1032: 17-62" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1032" docPubDate="2021-04-16" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001" docTitle="Gasteracantha doriae Simon 1877" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="7E7EE68D2DB65E1680CC7E33B36AEC74" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="7E7EE68D2DB65E1680CC7E33B36AEC74" masterDocTitle="A review of the taxonomy of spiny-backed orb-weaving spiders of the subfamily Gasteracanthinae (Araneae, Araneidae) in Thailand" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="17" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1732740955452" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="9170F1EEBF22DAEC2E99070FC144F96B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EB1D3E12EB5F791404B28309DE502628">
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<mods:title id="73EA75CA76CA4A2335EDEEF6B871FFB9">A review of the taxonomy of spiny-backed orb-weaving spiders of the subfamily Gasteracanthinae (Araneae, Araneidae) in Thailand</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="81CF0E4B771DB0503542530B2EE68BCC" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A3A74A297EFAE76E66EFB85137818D4A">Macharoenboon, Kongkit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3DD5920698EE9EF5138AFD1431065F74">Animal Systematics and Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="AEAEA52A33C272C6A7B5575940EB8F71" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="05E2A9406E2CACB41CF0F94C5CAA5F4A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D125ECEAB5E970ED83E9DB987F91E367">Siriwut, Warut</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FFA9CC5991E42534EE2D0C31FA196ABE">Animal Systematics and Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7893158D9BC78BA0A8F3F434CF821B23" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="ACE5430D1E8E332221BF6C5994548187">Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="62FCFD7AF71A1D3D94B822CEEF9590DA" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3477-9548</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="CE01D49BCEAC1756498D3E5044E10F12">Animal Systematics and Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CBE1D62519D955EF0AE3F48DC1F93237" type="email">ekgachai.jer@mahidol.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8B544CA3F90F5294AD383E56F721B4CA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="445C1487AC398B3FE7ADA68FE9CB0B01">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B0D839A40997BE188E807A7717E3D182">
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<mods:date id="386C2B1C2BB397DF0E0377BB3A414F74">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4A235A3D611D08A25110B9815AB71F67">2021-04-16</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="AB009D8C6434289B0674D3444B02A824" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="199AAA10AFEB6AD24D79112C4B0CD63E">1032</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F6332346E24EB32A65E76E3A9D1E64D0">17</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="4DCED73EE913BCDAB54E7FEF9068D667">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="3A4FD6011664B192AB98044B1C87FC3A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="38ECE47D94570A69E26C658C0AC9C622" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C39886CD515D9A26F76A0A26D457344C" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1032-17</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8186869E52CD6BF444078D9C714CACA8" type="ZooBank">EBF7586A9EF748FEBFB53D8F1E372120</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E7981B0A60545193BCB04EC51FB16855" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181024642" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E7981B0A60545193BCB04EC51FB16855" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E7981B0A60545193BCB04EC51FB16855" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" scope_family="Araneidae" scope_order="Araneae">
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<subSubSection id="A3B64EF2CF681C28A7662602AC736EE3" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="07FDA748CF05142A7E7CA1F0B6A6C288" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="0D002B430214637003409D07BAEF5310" ID-CoL="3FC5F" LSID="E7981B0A-6054-5193-BCB0-4EC51FB16855" authority="Simon, 1877" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1877" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Gasteracantha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteracantha doriae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doriae">Gasteracantha doriae Simon, 1877</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="B39A74E3A1C259FCDA16094DEB905216" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Females of Gasteracantha doriae A black-white bands morph, specimen from Rayong (MUMNH-ARA-GAS 131) B black-yellow bands morph, specimen from Rayong (MUMNH-ARA-GAS 130 - 1) C juvenile, specimen from Trat (MUMNH-ARA-GAS 053) A, B belong to clade D 2 and C from clade D 1 in Fig. 3." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532440" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Figures 7</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="DBD78890ABCF0F82D2E39791CEBD086C" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Female genitalia of A-C Gasteracantha diadesmia D-F G. diardi G-I G. doriae J-L G. kuhli. Genitalia are shown in dorsal view (A, D, G, J), ventral view from external (B, E, H, K), and posterior view (C, F, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532444" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">, 11G-I</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CB55026919BA13B3D222B921225E818E" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="E6E79BE6BA2C64D6A3FEFF1261A89020" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="CA2AF600747A9B3DFC90E29622AF0967" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1877" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Gasteracantha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteracantha doriae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doriae">Gasteracantha doriae</taxonomicName>
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Simon, 1877: 232, pl.3, fig. 3. Type locality: Sarawak, Borneo Island.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="74B5CF1010172A166AF413D471F2A44E" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="D811CF434823A9F934F1234BD537F618" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1877" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Gasteracantha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteracantha doriae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doriae">Gasteracantha doriae</taxonomicName>
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Full list of synonyms and usage of the name available in
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<bibRefCitation id="F086E87C899B344F0B6D0E31084D3A54" author="World Spider Catalog" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity and Conservation" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" publicationUrl="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" refId="B97" refString="World Spider Catalog, 2020. World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern. http://wsc.nmbe.ch" title="World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern." url="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" year="2020">World Spider Catalog (2020)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2E590B86B95B97D8BBD11B726DC0B1C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="12ED86D59B6884870AAC26940BB90F90" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4FE67AABC89EE883021B548D92342646" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
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<materialsCitation id="2341A688F52DE8382C51FF50A6388E62" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3079228347" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" country="Thailand" latitude="12.173166" location="Laem Ngop District" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="102.4055" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Trat Province">
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<collectingCountry id="8E1E73ABC073192D3E479C0D61ADE342" name="Thailand">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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•
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<specimenCount id="2A2D1E8F7B56A9D9C00B1CA9A9EF3CE5" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
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juvenile;
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<collectingRegion id="FDC9697A849747F9BD819DDFD4530872" country="Thailand" name="Trat">Trat Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="43C27211A2EBC5FAA8D713AEEC66D772" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E7981B0A60545193BCB04EC51FB16855:43C27211A2EBC5FAA8D713AEEC66D772" country="Thailand" latitude="12.173166" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="102.4055" name="Laem Ngop District" stateProvince="Trat Province">Laem Ngop District</location>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EC127F989B8C77FDB23B926F9B73AB57" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="10.39" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="12.173166">12°10.39'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="B23A4D56FC4F3BBB4536C87ED240DFE1" degrees="102" direction="east" minutes="24.33" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="102.4055">102°24.33'E</geoCoordinate>
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; MUMNH-ARA-GAS053
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</materialsCitation>
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•
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<materialsCitation id="F3677E5C15734C0C54BBB87E0505F233" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3079228356" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" country="Thailand" latitude="8.908667" location="Wang Badarn Cave" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="98.95133" municipality="Khiri Rat Nikhom District" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Surat Thani Province">
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<specimenCount id="13C725D5AB1F9571918D3878FF772FEF" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
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juvenile;
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<collectingRegion id="421C706AB0BC8617021A6B778783D061" country="Thailand" name="Surat Thani">Surat Thani Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="1261BAB34E1958191186BB5B27BFB7B5">Khiri Rat Nikhom District</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="926D9AC1A2BF3BB06EBFECEE63892918" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E7981B0A60545193BCB04EC51FB16855:926D9AC1A2BF3BB06EBFECEE63892918" country="Thailand" latitude="8.908667" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="98.95133" municipality="Khiri Rat Nikhom District" name="Wang Badarn Cave" stateProvince="Surat Thani Province">Wang Badarn Cave</location>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="A4814B435856E6C2D374F00208395C5E" degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="54.52" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="8.908667">08°54.52'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="02DD11225946745CF252B96494AE87E0" degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="57.08" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="98.95133">98°57.08'E</geoCoordinate>
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; MUMNH-ARA-GAS068
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</materialsCitation>
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•
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<materialsCitation id="08D78AF33E19D009DC7AD2D398A8CDCF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3079228428" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" country="Thailand" latitude="13.021167" location="Pa Yup Nai" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="101.44717" municipality="Wang Chan District" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="5" stateProvince="Rayong Province">
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<specimenCount id="6BE5F6E765B8194B588B0776B79AE3E1" type="female">5 ♀</specimenCount>
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;
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<collectingRegion id="CE96D67BCF000C9CC3DC72A0F98796D0" country="Thailand" name="Rayong">Rayong Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="746E68A36C10FAB673FF62ADB7F662AF">Wang Chan District</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="2C96511CFB80C7766053D0BAF8E668BF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E7981B0A60545193BCB04EC51FB16855:2C96511CFB80C7766053D0BAF8E668BF" country="Thailand" latitude="13.021167" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="101.44717" municipality="Wang Chan District" name="Pa Yup Nai" stateProvince="Rayong Province">Pa Yup Nai</location>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="D9FB809383B53BB7FA2BA6E42BDCABAB" degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="01.27" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="13.021167">13°01.27'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="B3DF2D3803074A88D017B51F77B483DC" degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="26.83" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="101.44717">101°26.83'E</geoCoordinate>
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; MUMNH-ARA-GAS130, MUMNH-ARA-GAS131
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0A69078B4177649ED146A1EE5CE347FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="68CFC20153AAB050B37E486A54A4C157" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C43926F6DD750E3B4CC17DD23EE19CC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
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Sternum brownish black with large yellow spot at the center. Abdomen much wider than long. Dorsal side of abdomen with two black and three white horizontal bands. Two black abdominal horizontal bands arched with sinuous margins. First black horizontal band slightly hollow at the anterior middle. Edge of abdomen with serrated spikes, obvious on spines. Anterior spines smallest, directed obliquely. Posterior spines conical, pointed backward. Median spines longest, less conical, and slightly arched backward. One large median spot between the bases of posterior spines, and one lateral spot on each side. Ventral side of abdomen blackish with chalk-white spots and small black granules. Sigilla reddish brown. Anterior edge with ten sigilla: four sigilla in the middle smaller, forming a straight line, three sigilla on each side larger, trapezoid-shaped. Four median sigilla arranged in trapezoid shape. Posterior edge with ten sigilla: six sigilla in the middle smaller, forming a straight line, with the pair in the middle close together; two sigilla on each side larger, trapezoid. Outer posterior edge with five sigilla near posterior spines. Epigynum with a pair of hook-shaped sclerotized structures between spermathecae, visible in posterior view (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="064EC8C02E02EE8FB2CCC1EF89B2E6F8" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Female genitalia of A-C Gasteracantha diadesmia D-F G. diardi G-I G. doriae J-L G. kuhli. Genitalia are shown in dorsal view (A, D, G, J), ventral view from external (B, E, H, K), and posterior view (C, F, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532444" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">11I</figureCitation>
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). Spermathecae round (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="89C53606DF12FD1AF717882920ED6261" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Female genitalia of A-C Gasteracantha diadesmia D-F G. diardi G-I G. doriae J-L G. kuhli. Genitalia are shown in dorsal view (A, D, G, J), ventral view from external (B, E, H, K), and posterior view (C, F, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532444" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">11G</figureCitation>
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), ventrally partially overlapped by wing-shaped sclerotized structure (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="C0D216937B13A127D789E60B79CBAC50" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Female genitalia of A-C Gasteracantha diadesmia D-F G. diardi G-I G. doriae J-L G. kuhli. Genitalia are shown in dorsal view (A, D, G, J), ventral view from external (B, E, H, K), and posterior view (C, F, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532444" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">11H</figureCitation>
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). Scape long, pointed posteriorly, flanked by lateral sclerotized plates (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="073BDD26B5CD932260FFA5696B5BABC9" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Female genitalia of A-C Gasteracantha diadesmia D-F G. diardi G-I G. doriae J-L G. kuhli. Genitalia are shown in dorsal view (A, D, G, J), ventral view from external (B, E, H, K), and posterior view (C, F, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532444" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">11I</figureCitation>
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). Copulatory ducts encapsulated by sclerotized structure (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="D4DCD0E26F325D4A026DCC6BB2890792" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Female genitalia of A-C Gasteracantha diadesmia D-F G. diardi G-I G. doriae J-L G. kuhli. Genitalia are shown in dorsal view (A, D, G, J), ventral view from external (B, E, H, K), and posterior view (C, F, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532444" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">11G</figureCitation>
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). Fertilization duct emerging posteriorly from spermathecae (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="9B952A29582D57CBC9D0FAE3649690A1" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Female genitalia of A-C Gasteracantha diadesmia D-F G. diardi G-I G. doriae J-L G. kuhli. Genitalia are shown in dorsal view (A, D, G, J), ventral view from external (B, E, H, K), and posterior view (C, F, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532444" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">11G</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="39F0E009797493EDC641B1C53F3F652A" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="variation">
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<paragraph id="11F38C910CC33547D4D9B6A1BA040FD9" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="81EA7FA410F7EB1370404A66F83B0E06" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
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Two color morphs are observed consisting of the black-white banded morph (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="B325B12AC1F897237510D7E53FEAF6E8" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Females of Gasteracantha doriae A black-white bands morph, specimen from Rayong (MUMNH-ARA-GAS 131) B black-yellow bands morph, specimen from Rayong (MUMNH-ARA-GAS 130 - 1) C juvenile, specimen from Trat (MUMNH-ARA-GAS 053) A, B belong to clade D 2 and C from clade D 1 in Fig. 3." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532440" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">7A</figureCitation>
|
|
) and the black-yellow banded morph (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="70F2C4B7A56DB3062F6013D1658DF513" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Females of Gasteracantha doriae A black-white bands morph, specimen from Rayong (MUMNH-ARA-GAS 131) B black-yellow bands morph, specimen from Rayong (MUMNH-ARA-GAS 130 - 1) C juvenile, specimen from Trat (MUMNH-ARA-GAS 053) A, B belong to clade D 2 and C from clade D 1 in Fig. 3." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532440" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">7B</figureCitation>
|
|
). The black bands in the B&Y morph are less sinuous than in the B&W morph.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="BF1636A50BF05C81DB7B92751E5020F2" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532440" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
|
<paragraph id="004EB9FB2D9AAF5D7030452EB15062CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
|
<emphasis id="A7B38F832D2D66E41A32BCDB78F2AFAB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
|
Females of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="84AC48582006BE9B2A326D5FCC2AEC44" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1877" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Gasteracantha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteracantha doriae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
|
<emphasis id="B48BD800011214D61D5FA87ACD7426DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Gasteracantha doriae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="F2DD86B4B83D30A7F916582149542089" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
|
|
black-white bands morph, specimen from Rayong (MUMNH-ARA-GAS131)
|
|
<emphasis id="43A6D668DEBD8AE03F40315B47A12286" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">B</emphasis>
|
|
black-yellow bands morph, specimen from Rayong (MUMNH-ARA-GAS130-1)
|
|
<emphasis id="A40071DAE940D22F82493AD4FB9E2EAA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C</emphasis>
|
|
juvenile, specimen from Trat (MUMNH-ARA-GAS053)
|
|
<emphasis id="6D13200EF9CB2C12D58B1A06B25C5CAD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">A, B</emphasis>
|
|
belong to clade D2 and
|
|
<emphasis id="8FF8B8692FDE1096065FF42D0FA089D0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C</emphasis>
|
|
from clade D1 in Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="38C9F14E3F096BDEDFCAFB5EB19F5834" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree reconstructed from COI + 16 S + H 3 genes of Gasteracanthinae and outgroups. Nodal support values are labeled as Jackknife support / ML bootstrap values / Bayesian posterior probability." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532436" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">3</figureCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C1C080CFAB8FBC6320F78C76329D9BCB" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph id="8E72146C19ED2F70FC9C967CB07CA2E6" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="A55FA5D52653C07CD9B5D90E4E54BFB0" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
|
This species resembles
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FAA6FA3BE7A6D3F68E886EC1906C0126" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. frontata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontata">
|
|
<emphasis id="A45E9C2A095B8B49F836C4E9B8971720" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. frontata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F021ED5AA6CAB3C170AF284FA5F5BFAD" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. diadesmia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diadesmia">
|
|
<emphasis id="022BACB6C2DEE3F991BF6308BC3BA811" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. diadesmia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CB39724BEED7E0826D365D9084A68F52" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. sturi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sturi">
|
|
<emphasis id="89327CDDA8061E1B4C5977839F294792" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. sturi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. These species can be distinguished from each other by abdominal spines and abdominal color pattern. The median spines of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5B8CA9E58E103D44F723F4443560900A" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. doriae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
|
<emphasis id="B47571555822C8577191871D59A387B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. doriae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are longer and less conical than
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DF52B29637F6FCCB54D83BF4906DA7DA" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. frontata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontata">
|
|
<emphasis id="54B8D53EB1F26DFB2072B4CBCD3A5EEE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. frontata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The median spines of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F4621239731690005F37DB6EF670ADE4" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. diadesmia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diadesmia">
|
|
<emphasis id="AB448AB361360A261264A1F0598863BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. diadesmia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are thicker and wider than
|
|
<taxonomicName id="323014F3D7DA115679C0033C6A56E269" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. doriae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
|
<emphasis id="0DA7106C9D4057F2790EF397B1D9B59F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. doriae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ECCFA1092060AD3843B965238C4C33DE" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1877" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Gasteracantha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteracantha doriae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
|
<emphasis id="92765C5598877F9A753CFCAB73E612B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Gasteracantha doriae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A0F6FFBF8948877182497097F5ABD0EA" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. sturi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sturi">
|
|
<emphasis id="47120B282138A0ABA6BC0D33FF819AA5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. sturi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in having longer and pointed median spines and wider black horizontal bands. Additionally, the angle between anterior and median spines of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="89011B2F03859D97C3A1543875EF877A" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. doriae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
|
<emphasis id="6E676506F2C8B9285542E68B0F48BE5C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. doriae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is more obtuse than other species. Although the type specimen of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAF0B123B73426763B19444EB0A870C5" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. frontata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontata">
|
|
<emphasis id="48AEB713388869B6B24BD4A0925ADCD8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. frontata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is without horizontal bands (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E430820FC13516C8B3FFEC2647040CF1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936408681653" author="Blackwall, J" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="36 - 45" refId="B7" refString="Blackwall, J, 1864. Descriptions of seven new species of East Indian spiders received from the Rev. O. P. Cambridge. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 14 (3): 36 - 45, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936408681653" title="Descriptions of seven new species of East Indian spiders received from the Rev. O. P. Cambridge." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936408681653" volume="14" year="1864">Blackwall 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2F6EFAF15769EE765652863D9C6A6A59" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1879.tb02656.x" author="Pickard-Cambridge, O" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="279 - 293" refId="B63" refString="Pickard-Cambridge, O, 1879. On some new and little known species of Araneidea, with remarks on the genus Gasteracantha. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 47 (2): 279 - 293, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1879.tb02656.x" title="On some new and little known species of Araneidea, with remarks on the genus Gasteracantha." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1879.tb02656.x" volume="47" year="1879">Pickard-Cambridge 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), there are some reports stating that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B9FBBEBE1403E20EE8CAE31A3E7F2CC2" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. frontata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontata">
|
|
<emphasis id="8BAF05546FDE91E4E8FC17CC817DCD62" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. frontata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
contains abdominal horizontal bands (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF12312B487B539D8BA19DB3D220CE37" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1879.tb02656.x" author="Pickard-Cambridge, O" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="279 - 293" refId="B63" refString="Pickard-Cambridge, O, 1879. On some new and little known species of Araneidea, with remarks on the genus Gasteracantha. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 47 (2): 279 - 293, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1879.tb02656.x" title="On some new and little known species of Araneidea, with remarks on the genus Gasteracantha." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1879.tb02656.x" volume="47" year="1879">Pickard-Cambridge 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="053A8FBCC4356F7FFDEBD4CECC9CA358" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.17227" author="Pocock, RI" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" refId="B65" refString="Pocock, RI, 1900. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Arachnida. (Vol. I). Taylor and Francis, London, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.17227" title="The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Arachnida. (Vol. I)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.17227" year="1900">Pocock 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C1EA727B13D31D37A59E4EA331798A67" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.17227" author="Pocock, RI" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" refId="B65" refString="Pocock, RI, 1900. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Arachnida. (Vol. I). Taylor and Francis, London, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.17227" title="The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Arachnida. (Vol. I)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.17227" year="1900">Pocock (1900)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
reported that the first horizontal band of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F39D98ED38ED63E6B53BCEFB48CB2BF5" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. frontata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9141B3C8E826F17DFD912C1211F4B7B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. frontata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
reaches the base of the anterior spine, whereas the first horizontal band of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="21B99327A0782F5643E9CE52B0A0B6BA" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. doriae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
|
<emphasis id="E9EB1AC2A2CEC25EA9136B0B0AD83B2C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. doriae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
terminates before the base of the anterior spine.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="01B4A2E7FD162DE8052DAA8E6C08D87F" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
|
Two
|
|
<taxonomicName id="44A63B1059938C2FDE7DD8630C0A8BEF" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1833" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Gasteracantha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteracantha" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B2A9CF9A6040226D80CA51155874B770" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Gasteracantha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species with abdominal horizontal bands that were previously recognized as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="02C849524C5AFA3E3467590943006112" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. diardi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diardi">
|
|
<emphasis id="2A812B7B83996B6E8D3D07780D8CF547" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. diardi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B8172FF4C37CB5C3C06F36EE79F1CEE5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.26107/RBZ-2019-0003" author="Tan, J" journalOrPublisher="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="32 - 55" refId="B85" refString="Tan, J, Chan, ZJ, Ong, CA, Yong, HS, 2019. Phylogenetic relationships of Actinacantha Simon, Gasteracantha Sundevall, Macracantha Hasselt and Thelacantha Simon spiny orbweavers (Araneae: Araneidae) in Peninsular Malaysia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 67: 32 - 55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26107/RBZ-2019-0003" title="Phylogenetic relationships of Actinacantha Simon, Gasteracantha Sundevall, Macracantha Hasselt and Thelacantha Simon spiny orbweavers (Araneae: Araneidae) in Peninsular Malaysia." url="https://doi.org/10.26107/RBZ-2019-0003" volume="67" year="2019">Tan et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
are grouped separately from other Thai
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F23740817FE07DDECA06FE69B984E028" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. diardi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diardi">
|
|
<emphasis id="4CD04DBD8DD9B21C940C53155811AEF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. diardi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
with high nodal support. In addition, these two individuals are morphologically different from other
|
|
<taxonomicName id="938A7B8BB8FD9E04A484B35FB2DA6C16" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. diardi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diardi">
|
|
<emphasis id="2E1A18CC75E78E3D88311AFE16BE301B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. diardi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
specimens from Thailand by having smaller size of median spines, as well as different color pattern (horizontal bands morph). By comparing photographs in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="73DF860741D1C36CCBD6641C48963F6F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.26107/RBZ-2019-0003" author="Tan, J" journalOrPublisher="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="32 - 55" refId="B85" refString="Tan, J, Chan, ZJ, Ong, CA, Yong, HS, 2019. Phylogenetic relationships of Actinacantha Simon, Gasteracantha Sundevall, Macracantha Hasselt and Thelacantha Simon spiny orbweavers (Araneae: Araneidae) in Peninsular Malaysia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 67: 32 - 55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26107/RBZ-2019-0003" title="Phylogenetic relationships of Actinacantha Simon, Gasteracantha Sundevall, Macracantha Hasselt and Thelacantha Simon spiny orbweavers (Araneae: Araneidae) in Peninsular Malaysia." url="https://doi.org/10.26107/RBZ-2019-0003" volume="67" year="2019">Tan et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and previous taxonomic publications (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7B60A4C01D5719A5869C4AA139166E72" author="Simon, E" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="225 - 242" refId="B80" refString="Simon, E, 1877. Etudes arachnologiques. 6e memoire. X. Arachnides nouveaux ou peu connus. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 7 (5): 225 - 242" title="Etudes arachnologiques. 6 e memoire. X. Arachnides nouveaux ou peu connus." volume="7" year="1877">Simon 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8BB40C959F620DED4A79FB3ED06FE759" author="Workman, T" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity and Conservation" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" refId="B96" refString="Workman, T, Workman, ME, 1892. Malaysian spiders. Belfast, 8 pp." title="Malaysian spiders. Belfast, 8 pp." year="1892">Workman and Workman 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), we propose that these two individuals were
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B17C56A8501D3BAE64EC071B35D3291A" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1877" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Gasteracantha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteracantha doriae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
|
<emphasis id="1210D502407A0528D5B02BEC87323C0B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Gasteracantha doriae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Unfortunately, our specimens (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="E9EAE98112E7E994C495687A4F99E4AC" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Females of Gasteracantha doriae A black-white bands morph, specimen from Rayong (MUMNH-ARA-GAS 131) B black-yellow bands morph, specimen from Rayong (MUMNH-ARA-GAS 130 - 1) C juvenile, specimen from Trat (MUMNH-ARA-GAS 053) A, B belong to clade D 2 and C from clade D 1 in Fig. 3." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532440" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">7C</figureCitation>
|
|
) in D1 clade that were placed in the same clade with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C2A2298EB96D07C08B89952D78048294" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. doriae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
|
<emphasis id="1FB18CB94699F7EAF5B0B4AFDA91BCCA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. doriae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
s.s.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="44E65B29A9718E9C67128D519CF6CCFA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.26107/RBZ-2019-0003" author="Tan, J" journalOrPublisher="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="32 - 55" refId="B85" refString="Tan, J, Chan, ZJ, Ong, CA, Yong, HS, 2019. Phylogenetic relationships of Actinacantha Simon, Gasteracantha Sundevall, Macracantha Hasselt and Thelacantha Simon spiny orbweavers (Araneae: Araneidae) in Peninsular Malaysia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 67: 32 - 55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26107/RBZ-2019-0003" title="Phylogenetic relationships of Actinacantha Simon, Gasteracantha Sundevall, Macracantha Hasselt and Thelacantha Simon spiny orbweavers (Araneae: Araneidae) in Peninsular Malaysia." url="https://doi.org/10.26107/RBZ-2019-0003" volume="67" year="2019">Tan et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
were still juvenile, and therefore we were unable to examine the genitalia.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="F9A45D1812F56573DBDD9AC821D63F43" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
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Interestingly, the phylogenetic tree and species delimitation results suggest another distinct clade in
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<taxonomicName id="B44BAB11952AC09661D013EA3956A9A7" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. doriae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doriae">
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<emphasis id="1FED7A51A694CA12DAEF274C06F5FCA7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. doriae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(clade D2 in Figs
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<figureCitation id="8D14D2E39637C0D7AE3C54101B5B4C13" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree reconstructed from COI + 16 S + H 3 genes of Gasteracanthinae and outgroups. Nodal support values are labeled as Jackknife support / ML bootstrap values / Bayesian posterior probability." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532436" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">3</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="25E9793EB61CD1776B270C3E841BEC1B" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Ultrametric tree generated by BEAST from 675 bp of COI gene showing clusters of OTUs as suggested by morphological identification, and three molecular species delimitation algorithms, ABGD, bPTP, and GMYC. Nodal support values are labeled as MP Jackknife support / ML bootstrap values / Bayesian posterior probability. Gene tree from MP and ML analyses are available as Suppl. material 1 (Suppl. material 1: Figs S 3, S 4)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532437" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">4</figureCitation>
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). These two clades of
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|
<taxonomicName id="41542B7B7043685DDB45FAE17B700352" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. doriae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doriae">
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<emphasis id="C2C23503BE10540A5E2E41D4F1D9318D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. doriae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
show a distant relationship and potentially are cryptic species. Only a couple of morphological differences can be detected. Morphological characters of
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<taxonomicName id="BEE6B3B1E269F490D4B4955B88F5DE6A" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. doriae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doriae">
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<emphasis id="94CD31B94D98A57EF2AE6907D8B9A889" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. doriae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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D1, which we observed via photographs in
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<bibRefCitation id="E0259C9C4A20DF2B491CC45F796A5ACD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.26107/RBZ-2019-0003" author="Tan, J" journalOrPublisher="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="32 - 55" refId="B85" refString="Tan, J, Chan, ZJ, Ong, CA, Yong, HS, 2019. Phylogenetic relationships of Actinacantha Simon, Gasteracantha Sundevall, Macracantha Hasselt and Thelacantha Simon spiny orbweavers (Araneae: Araneidae) in Peninsular Malaysia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 67: 32 - 55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26107/RBZ-2019-0003" title="Phylogenetic relationships of Actinacantha Simon, Gasteracantha Sundevall, Macracantha Hasselt and Thelacantha Simon spiny orbweavers (Araneae: Araneidae) in Peninsular Malaysia." url="https://doi.org/10.26107/RBZ-2019-0003" volume="67" year="2019">Tan et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
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, is similar to the original description (
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<bibRefCitation id="9D76F4F29D06D8AA7A5134C21EBAC65D" author="Simon, E" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="225 - 242" refId="B80" refString="Simon, E, 1877. Etudes arachnologiques. 6e memoire. X. Arachnides nouveaux ou peu connus. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 7 (5): 225 - 242" title="Etudes arachnologiques. 6 e memoire. X. Arachnides nouveaux ou peu connus." volume="7" year="1877">Simon 1877</bibRefCitation>
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), while
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<taxonomicName id="4F233ABDCC7ECB2A2547821271F58876" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. doriae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doriae">
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<emphasis id="5439E211DC985030D4E0E24436CE66A9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. doriae</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
D2 shows morphological variation. The horizontal black bands of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="81D9B3191BFA504F94B3641CA3F08513" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. doriae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doriae">
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<emphasis id="15687AF1EAB97AE307625D35AACAD4AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. doriae</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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D1 are rather straight with smooth margin, whereas the horizontal black bands of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="977138A137EFCA0B8197A9BDE08EF8DF" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. doriae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doriae">
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<emphasis id="46844E46A5B0678A3A58B413191C63AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. doriae</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
D2 are curved and with apparently sinuous margin (Figs
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|
<figureCitation id="730161B455A549EBD248CB90A2CDDDBF" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Females of Gasteracantha doriae A black-white bands morph, specimen from Rayong (MUMNH-ARA-GAS 131) B black-yellow bands morph, specimen from Rayong (MUMNH-ARA-GAS 130 - 1) C juvenile, specimen from Trat (MUMNH-ARA-GAS 053) A, B belong to clade D 2 and C from clade D 1 in Fig. 3." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532440" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">7A, B</figureCitation>
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|
). In addition,
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|
<taxonomicName id="24C0BA98668691D68C001791D6008981" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. doriae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doriae">
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<emphasis id="70911DBDABC8A03BFE5C5C44F165B335" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. doriae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
D1 possesses three horizontal black bands, while
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BC7432AFD7D1E4E9C7A856254659E413" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. doriae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doriae">
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|
<emphasis id="FEAE476B8C5492A3C05D15AA6FF6E68C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. doriae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
D2 presents only two horizontal black bands. The angle between anterior and median spines of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F5CD3F7D1340EE082C8D0288794FE0EC" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. doriae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doriae">
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|
<emphasis id="8812EE1570925657620BB50539A1F286" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. doriae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
D2 is more obtuse than in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1C610A94DB923EA6887F7E94FA9B887A" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. doriae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
|
<emphasis id="14D7D3683B8630255E0DD80CC499FAF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. doriae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
D1. All molecular analyses (i.e., phylogenetic analyses, species delimitation, and genetic distance) in this study strongly suggest that the two lineages are distinct species. However, due to unavailability of adult specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EA8795A454B7C3BE0A977EA498611373" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. doriae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
|
<emphasis id="84F16D36370E0C0243629987D5D4CBE8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. doriae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
D1, we were unable to compare the female genitalia structure between
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E698BB98D7E43D7DF299C247265BF31D" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. doriae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
|
<emphasis id="CF2B854AFFAE9170A28414D217FB8AB3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. doriae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
D1 and D2, which is usually used as a reliable and distinguishable character in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="892EC6AB38A8D3EB9957B1FCC212C696" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1833" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Gasteracantha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteracantha" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E92BCE43C166B4EA338A2E511362B3FA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Gasteracantha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species. Further investigation of adult female specimens from the type locality is necessary to resolve this taxonomic problem.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="33ABF361A5BF2DBCC80C73C0B36E5FA8" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="D872ED6F4583464EB54A20EB06F3E6BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="AC681B87FAF94895521261ED180ABD24" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
|
Indonesia (Borneo), Malaysia, and Thailand (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F65F03FEF8BF0358B81F954418580B45" author="World Spider Catalog" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity and Conservation" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" publicationUrl="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" refId="B97" refString="World Spider Catalog, 2020. World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern. http://wsc.nmbe.ch" title="World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern." url="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" year="2020">World Spider Catalog 2020</bibRefCitation>
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|
). Adult spiders were collected from shrubs and trees. The female spider builds a vertical web between shrubs or trees in open areas. They sit at the center of the web with head directed downward.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |