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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.242.3996" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6fde30b4-6d7b-4f37-aa59-fe0686c8f58e" ID-PMC="PMC3560842" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-242-1" ID-PubMed="23378793" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-242-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 242" ModsDocTitle="Compilation of morphological and molecular data, a necessity for taxonomy: The case of Hormogaster abbatissae sp. n. (Annelida, Clitellata, Hormogastridae)" checkinTime="1451248554569" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Novo, Marta, Fernandez, Rosa, Marchan, Daniel Fernandez, Monica Gutierrez, &amp; Cosin, Dario J. Diaz" docDate="2012" docId="E7025EE4B14260FF6D433F7CDD2966B3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 242: 1-17" docOrigin="ZooKeys 242" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.242.3996" docTitle="Hormogaster abbatissae Novo &amp; Diaz Cosin, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="79560B79FFB55B575513FFDEF13CFFAD" masterDocTitle="Compilation of morphological and molecular data, a necessity for taxonomy: The case of Hormogaster abbatissae sp. n. (Annelida, Clitellata, Hormogastridae)" masterLastPageNumber="16" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1668154713412" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Compilation of morphological and molecular data, a necessity for taxonomy: The case of Hormogaster abbatissae sp. n. (Annelida, Clitellata, Hormogastridae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Novo, Marta</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Fernandez, Rosa</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Marchan, Daniel Fernandez</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Monica Gutierrez,</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cosin, Dario J. Diaz</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>242</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>16</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.242.3996</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.242.3996</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-242-1</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037908" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6A388AC5-A2E4-4A32-9BA4-F0F1C5684EBE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E7025EE4B14260FF6D433F7CDD2966B3" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6A388AC5-A2E4-4A32-9BA4-F0F1C5684EBE" authority="Novo &amp; Diaz Cosin" class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster abbatissae" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="abbatissae">
Hormogaster abbatissae Novo &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cosín">Cosin</normalizedToken>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="4">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster abbatissae" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="abbatissae">Hormogaster abbatissae</taxonomicName>
Novo, 2010: 249 (eprints.ucm.es/12304/1/T32615.pdf) and Novo and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cosín">Cosin</normalizedToken>
, in press:
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
http://www.ucm.es/info/zoo/invertebrados/PDF/Novo%20et%20al%20%28en%20prensa%29%20When%20morphology%20and%20molecules%20clash.pdf) - nomina nuda superceded by current publication.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Holotype. Adult (Catalog # SAN11 DZAF, UCM),
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="42.225002">42°13'30.0&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="2.2493055">2°14'57.5&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, from a small patch of forest near the Ter river, road C26, Km 210, between Ripoll and Sant Joan de les Abadesses, Girona (Spain), leg. M. Novo, D.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cosín">Cosin</normalizedToken>
, R.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
, December 2006.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paratypes. 21 specimens (Catalog # SAN1-10, 12-22 DZAF, UCM), same collecting data as holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Other material examined. 16
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Hormogaster</taxonomicName>
species and several subspecies included in the study by
<bibRefCitation author="Novo, M" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="125 - 135" title="Understanding the biogeography of a group of earthworms in the Mediterranean basin-the phylogenetic puzzle of Hormogastridae (Clitellata: Oligochaeta)." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2011.05.018" volume="61" year="2011">Novo et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="morphological description">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Morphological description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">External morphology (Figure 1). Length of the mature specimens: 103-130 mm. Maximum diameter (pre-clitellar, clitellar, post-clitellar): 8, 11, 9 mm. Number of segments: 239-270. Weight (fixed specimens): 3.45-4.98 g.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Colour: Anterior pink in live animals, with darker clitellum and grey-bluish posterior (Supplementary Figure S.1B). Specimens are grey-bluish when preserved in ethanol, with beige clitellum (Supplementary Figure S.1D).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Prostomium proepilobic 1/3. Segments 1 and 2 showing longitudinal lines. Chaetae closely paired, quite lateral, visible along the body as two faint blue lines; intersetal ratio at segment 50, aa: 50, ab: 1.5, bc: 9, cd: 1, dd: 52. Nephridial pores in a row, between chaetae b and c. Spermathecal pores at intersegments 8/9, 9/10 and 10/11, at the level of chaetae cd.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Male pores opening near the 15/16 as elongated fissures at the level of ab, showing heart-shaped porophores of variable developmental degree that can cover practically all width of the segment 15 and
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
of 16 in mature specimens. Female pores in 14 more or less at the same level as the male ones.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Clitellum saddle-shaped extending over 14,15-27. Tubercula pubertatis in (20) 21,22-26,27 appearing frequently as a continuous line in 21-27. Papillae with variable position, frequently situated at ab chaetae in segment 27, although more variable in other segments within the pre-clitellar and clitellar area.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Internal anatomy. Funnel-shaped and strongly thickened septa in 7/8, 8/9 and 9/10, also in 6/7 and 10/11, less thickened though. Last pair of hearts in 11. Three globular strongly muscular gizzards in 6, 7 and 8 of shining appearance. Not apparent
<normalizedToken originalValue="Morren’s">Morren's</normalizedToken>
glands, although in transverse sections of the oesophagus at segments 10 to 14 some thickened blood vessels can be detected, but never the lamellae typically showed by this glands.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Lack of well-differentiated posterior gizzard, although the esophagus is a bit dilated at 15-16, but its wall is not especially muscular and its lumen does not exhibit a reinforcement similar to that in the anterior gizzards. In segments 17-25, 26, the gut
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">shows</pageBreakToken>
folds in the wall of every segment, forming what has been called a stomach in some earthworms. Typhlosole begins in 20, 21 and presents 15 lamellae, being the two lateral ones very small that therefore could be unnoticed. Number of lamellae gradually decreases, showing three from segment 80 to 140-150, and one until 160-170 where the typhlosole ends. Therefore the last 70 to 100 segments lack the typhlosole.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fraying testes and iridescent seminal funnels in 10 and 11. Two pairs of granular appearing seminal vesicles in 11 and 12 frequently showing black bodies. Ovaries and female funnels in 13; big ovarian receptacles in 14.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Three pairs of spermathecae in segments 8, 9 and 10 included into septa 8/9, 9/10 and 10/11 the ones in 8 being the smallest. Spermathecae with the appearance of flattened sacks, dish or flying saucer showing irregular borders inside the body wall under some of the muscular fascicles. They can be divided internally into interconnected lobes that in fact do not represent independent spermathecae but simple multicameral spermathecae that open to the exterior by a unique pore.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Anterior nephridial bladders V-shaped with widely open branches, being one of them shorter. They flatten towards the posterior section of the body, until the extent of showing appearance of an elongated sausage.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">In some of the specimens, the sexual chaetae in 11 and 12 present well developed follicles that go into the body as a projection where various chaetae simultaneously appear.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Known only from its type locality.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Specimens were collected in a small forest patch dominated by
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Populus alba" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">Populus alba</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer pseudoplatanus" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoplatanus">Acer pseudoplatanus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rosa canina" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canina">Rosa canina</taxonomicName>
, which develops in a slope at the edge of a meadow. The soil was covered with abundant leaf litter (Supplementary Figure S1. A), and it is characterized by 13.57% of coarse sand, 9.62% fine sand, 6.27% coarse silt, 32.37% fine silt, and 38.18% clay, constituting a clay loam soil, carbon (C): 4.48%, nitrogen (N): 1.32%, C/N: 3.39, pH: 7.09.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Figure 1. External morphology of
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster abbatissae" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="abbatissae">Hormogaster abbatissae</taxonomicName>
. An illustration of nephridial bladders in segments 14 and 50 is shown in the upper right corner.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
The specific epithet derives from abbatissa, Latin for abbess, as the species is dedicated to the abbess Emma, the first Abbess head of the Monastery of Sant Joan de les Abadesses, founded in 885 AC by her father, the Count of Barcelona,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guifré">Guifre</normalizedToken>
el
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pilós">Pilos</normalizedToken>
. The Monastery was run by nuns until the year 1,017 when the female community was expelled, presumably for disorderly conduct, and replaced by monks.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="molecular characters">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Molecular characters.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Sequences from COI (8 individuals), 16S-tRNA (8 ind.), histone H3 (4 ind.), histone H4 (4 ind.), 28S rRNA (2 ind.) and 18S rRNA (1 ind.) were analysed with additional hormogastrid species. Phylogenetic analyses of the molecular data shows robust support for the monophyly of
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster abbatissae" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="abbatissae">Hormogaster abbatissae</taxonomicName>
sp. n., which is the sister species of
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster sylvestris" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Hormogaster sylvestris</taxonomicName>
Qiu &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouché">Bouche</normalizedToken>
, 1998 (Figure 2), described in the nearby locality of Montmajor (Barcelona, Spain). This clade forms the sister group to almost all other
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Hormogaster</taxonomicName>
species from the NE Iberian Peninsula (see
<bibRefCitation author="Novo, M" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="125 - 135" title="Understanding the biogeography of a group of earthworms in the Mediterranean basin-the phylogenetic puzzle of Hormogastridae (Clitellata: Oligochaeta)." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2011.05.018" volume="61" year="2011">Novo et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
for details). This latter clade from the NE Iberian Peninsula splits into two groups, the first clade including
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster gallica" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gallica">Hormogaster gallica</taxonomicName>
Rota, 1994 from Banyuls-sur-Mer (S of France),
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster catalaunensis" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="catalaunensis">Hormogaster catalaunensis</taxonomicName>
Qiu &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouché">Bouche</normalizedToken>
, 1998 from El Brull (Barcelona, Spain) and
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster pretiosa subsp. nigra" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="pretiosa" subSpecies="nigra">Hormogaster pretiosa nigra</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouché">Bouche</normalizedToken>
, 1970 from Quillan (S of France). Its sister clade includes other
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Hormogaster</taxonomicName>
species from the NE Iberian Peninsula, including
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster riojana" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="riojana">Hormogaster riojana</taxonomicName>
Qiu &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouché">Bouche</normalizedToken>
, 1998 and related species (Figure 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Uncorrected pairwise distances for 16S-tRNA and COI are shown in Table 3 for the sister species
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster abbatissae" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="abbatissae">Hormogaster abbatissae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. and
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster sylvestris" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Hormogaster sylvestris</taxonomicName>
and the morphologically-close
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster riojana" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="riojana">Hormogaster riojana</taxonomicName>
as well as its sister species
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster ireguana" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ireguana">Hormogaster ireguana</taxonomicName>
Qiu &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouché">Bouche</normalizedToken>
, 1998.
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster elisae" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="elisae">Hormogaster elisae</taxonomicName>
is included as a distant relative, even though it belongs to a possible new genus (see
<bibRefCitation author="Novo, M" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="125 - 135" title="Understanding the biogeography of a group of earthworms in the Mediterranean basin-the phylogenetic puzzle of Hormogastridae (Clitellata: Oligochaeta)." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2011.05.018" volume="61" year="2011">Novo et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">The networks recovered by Splitstree4 for the COI and 16S genes including morphological and molecular closest species are shown in Figure 2.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
GMYC analyses performed by
<bibRefCitation author="Novo, M" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="3776 - 3793" title="Appearances can be deceptive: different diversification patterns within a group of Mediterranean earthworms (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae)." url="10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05648.x" volume="21" year="2012">Novo et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
identified
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster abbatissae" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="abbatissae">Hormogaster abbatissae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster riojana" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="riojana">Hormogaster riojana</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster sylvestris" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Hormogaster sylvestris</taxonomicName>
as different species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="ecological characters">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ecological characters.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Soil characteristics in the localities where
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster abbatissae" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="abbatissae">Hormogaster abbatissae</taxonomicName>
sp. n.,
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster riojana" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="riojana">Hormogaster riojana</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster sylvestris" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Hormogaster sylvestris</taxonomicName>
occur are shown in Table 4. Differences in soil textur
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">e</pageBreakToken>
were detected:
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster sylvestris" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Hormogaster sylvestris</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster riojana" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="riojana">Hormogaster riojana</taxonomicName>
inhabit Silt-loamy soils, whereas
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster abbatissae" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="abbatissae">Hormogaster abbatissae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. inhabits Clay-loamy soils.
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster abbatissae" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="abbatissae">Hormogaster abbatissae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. inhabits soils with a higher content in organic matter. Comparisons with the remaining species of the family were provided by
<bibRefCitation author="Novo, M" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="3776 - 3793" title="Appearances can be deceptive: different diversification patterns within a group of Mediterranean earthworms (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae)." url="10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05648.x" volume="21" year="2012">Novo et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Figure 2. Top, part of the parsimony tree recovered by
<bibRefCitation author="Novo, M" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="125 - 135" title="Understanding the biogeography of a group of earthworms in the Mediterranean basin-the phylogenetic puzzle of Hormogastridae (Clitellata: Oligochaeta)." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2011.05.018" volume="61" year="2011">Novo et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
, showing the clade where
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster abbatissae" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="abbatissae">Hormogaster abbatissae</taxonomicName>
was placed (in that work it is named sp n.). Bottom, network representation for 16S-tRNA and COI recovered by SplitsTree4 of the closest species (surrounded by a black square in the tree above) and
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster elisae" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="elisae">Hormogaster elisae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Aporrectodea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aporrectodea trapezoides" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="trapezoides">Aporrectodea trapezoides</taxonomicName>
as distant references.The number of specimens used is indicated in parenthesis.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Table 3. Mean values of uncorrected pairwise differences in percentage obtained for 16S-tRNA (above the diagonal) and COI (below the diagonal, in bold) genes. Values of intraspecific differences are shown in the diagonal for the species that include more than one sequence type.</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<table pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">a eH. abbatiss</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster sylvestris" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Hormogaster sylvestris</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster riojana" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="riojana">Hormogaster riojana</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster ireguana" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ireguana">Hormogaster ireguana</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster elisae" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="elisae">Hormogaster elisae</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">aeH. abbatiss</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">0.10/</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster sylvestris" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Hormogaster sylvestris</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">11.71</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">0.46/</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster riojana" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="riojana">Hormogaster riojana</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">17.80</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">17.36</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">0/</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster ireguana" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ireguana">Hormogaster ireguana</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">16.11</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">18.58</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">9.53</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">0.33/</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster elisae" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="elisae">Hormogaster elisae</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">18.42</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">19.68</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">18.52</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">19.48</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Table 4. Soil characteristics in the sampling localities of
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster sylvestris" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Hormogaster sylvestris</taxonomicName>
(Montmajor MAJ),
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster abbatissae" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="abbatissae">Hormogaster abbatissae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (San Joan de les Abadesses, SAN) and
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster riojana" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="riojana">Hormogaster riojana</taxonomicName>
(Alesanco, ALE). CSand: coarse sand, FSand: fine sand, TSand: total sand, CSilt: coarse silt, FSilt: fine silt, Tsilt: total silt, Tex: textural class, SL: Silt loam, CL: Clay loam, C: percentage of carbon, N: percentage of nitrogen, C/N carbon/nitrogen relationship.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<table pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">CSand</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">FSand</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">TSand</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">CSilt</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">FSilt</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">TSilt</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Clay</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Tex</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">C</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">N</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">C/N</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">pH</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">MAJ</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">SAN</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">ALE</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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