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<document id="4EC7459261418D66D7460426E1248025" ID-CLB-Dataset="45252" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3832.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8646401a-8028-4795-a6d6-1f9d75607e41" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="250559" ID-ZooBank="BAB612A4-03DB-4958-BEB1-92DE278FBB90" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460453350098" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fricke, Ronald, Allen, Gerald R., Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Hamel, Mélanie A., Laboute, Pierre, Mana, Ralph, Hui, Tan Heok &amp; Uyeno, Daisuke" docDate="2014" docId="6A5BAE7ADA9CFF023AAAFE9A9F91FD6B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03832p247.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3832 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Scaridae" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="143" masterDocId="9662D602DA17FF8C3A3DFFDB9C12FFEE" masterDocTitle="Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of Madang District, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 820 new records" masterLastPageNumber="247" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="140" updateTime="1698338513565" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="6F2723779BF2F5608AF2E445DDED8097">Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of Madang District, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 820 new records</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="07CB187B0CBA1522EFC214DA2B65B9FC">Fricke, Ronald</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B1E9407FD197D57C9F66CC6A8AEF934B">Allen, Gerald R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F012D198E39DB1C6BD01071A0C8A2B62">Andréfouët, Serge</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BAFBDC75B8AE624834BAAB60DE445979">Chen, Wei-Jen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="269BF471FF297F9C58796133D885E4AE">Hamel, Mélanie A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9C4548A9768B7F126199EA3EF754A47F">Laboute, Pierre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="29BFAE0A6524881257AD7B1140A70A51">Mana, Ralph</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="65611A662AB7A27CDC30955697AB93F1">Hui, Tan Heok</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="672910837029BE0C5B46E2FEFD0BA713">Uyeno, Daisuke</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="944BA86D66692A96E987A27846FCE266">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="278C7F82A75776CE15892B710C5F7242" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3832.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6A5BAE7ADA9CFF023AAAFE9A9F91FD6B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6129646" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119575801" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6129646" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6A5BAE7ADA9CFF023AAAFE9A9F91FD6B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6A5BAE7ADA9CFF023AAAFE9A9F91FD6B" lastPageId="142" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
<subSubSection id="AAE84CE7DA9CFF073AAAFE9A9CDAFE06" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9CFF073AAAFE9A9D16FEB5" blockId="139.[151,260,321,347]" box="[151,260,321,347]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
<heading id="B905A800DA9CFF073AAAFE9A9D16FEB5" bold="true" box="[151,260,321,347]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9CFF073AAAFE9A9D16FEB5" ID-CoL="FZV" box="[151,260,321,347]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9CFF073AAAFE9A9D16FEB5" bold="true" box="[151,260,321,347]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Scaridae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9CFF073AAAFE5C9CDAFE06" blockId="139.[151,1436,391,597]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9CFF073AAAFE5C9FE5FE4E" bold="true" box="[151,1015,391,416]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9CFF073AAAFE5C9DD4FE4E" box="[151,454,391,416]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Bolbometopon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muricatum">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9CFF073AAAFE5C9DD4FE4E" bold="true" box="[151,454,391,416]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Bolbometopon muricatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Valenciennes in
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9CFF0738A8FE5C9EFAFE4E" box="[661,744,391,416]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="139" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvier">Cuvier</taxonomicName>
&amp; Valenciennes, 1840)
</emphasis>
—Bumphead parrotfish STATUS AT MADANG.
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9CFF073B8FFE779E29FE2B" bold="true" box="[434,571,428,453]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens photographed at St. CTR 16, CTR 22, PR 228.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AAE84CE7DA9CFF023AAAFE2F9F91FD6B" lastPageId="142" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9CFF073AAAFE2F9834FDBB" blockId="139.[151,1436,391,597]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea and East Africa east to Line and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF073E3DFE2F98A3FDE3" box="[1024,1201,500,525]" name="Kiribati" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Phoenix islands</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF073ED4FE2F992AFDE2" box="[1257,1336,500,524]" name="Samoa" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Samoa</collectingCountry>
, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northern
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF07381FFDCC9E9AFDDE" box="[546,648,535,560]" name="Australia" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Australia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF0738FFFDC39F67FDDE" box="[706,885,535,560]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
. Usually in groups, in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, in Madang area seen on the outer slope of the barrier reef,
<quantity id="250AB289DA9CFF073956FDE79FD1FDBA" box="[875,963,572,596]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" unit="m" value="20.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="1.0">
1
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA9CFF0739B9FDE79FD1FDBA" box="[900,963,572,596]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" type="generic">40 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9CFF073AAAFD5F9F1EFD0B" blockId="139.[151,1437,644,885]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9CFF073AAAFD5F9FABFD73" bold="true" box="[151,953,644,669]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9CFF073AAAFD5F9D95FD73" box="[151,391,644,669]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Calotomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carolinus">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9CFF073AAAFD5F9D95FD73" bold="true" box="[151,391,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Calotomus carolinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Valenciennes in
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9CFF07386AFD5F9EBBFD73" box="[599,681,644,669]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="139" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvier">Cuvier</taxonomicName>
&amp; Valenciennes, 1840)
</emphasis>
—Star-eye parrotfish STATUS AT MADANG.
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9CFF073B88FD7C9E52FD2E" bold="true" box="[437,576,679,704]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens collected by W.-J. Chen in Madang Bay. CAS and NTUM material (CAS 65946; NTUM 10036).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9CFF073AAAFD2B9D01FC9B" blockId="139.[151,1437,644,885]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF0738AEFD349F35FCE6" box="[659,807,751,776]" name="South Africa" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF073909FD349FA9FCE6" box="[820,955,751,776]" name="Madagascar" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
and western Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF073B19FCCF9D6CFCC3" box="[292,382,788,813]" name="Pitcairn" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Pitcairn</collectingCountry>
, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Western
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF073E04FCCF98B0FCC3" box="[1081,1186,788,813]" name="Australia" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF073E8CFCCE9977FCC3" box="[1201,1381,788,813]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF073AAAFCE39CF2FCBE" box="[151,224,824,848]" name="Tonga" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Tonga</collectingCountry>
. Found over subtidal reef flats, and lagoon and seaward coral reefs, in coral, rubble and seagrass areas,
<quantity id="250AB289DA9CFF073F59FCEC9CA2FC9A" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="6.9" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" unit="m" value="34.5" valueMax="69.0" valueMin="0.0">
0
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA9CFF073FBDFCEC9CA2FC9A" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" type="generic">69 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9CFF073AAAFC7F9D9BFBEA" blockId="139.[151,1436,932,1136]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9CFF073AAAFC7F9FA4FC53" bold="true" box="[151,950,932,957]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9CFF073AAAFC7F9D91FC53" box="[151,387,932,957]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Cetoscarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9CFF073AAAFC7F9D91FC53" bold="true" box="[151,387,932,957]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Cetoscarus ocellatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Valenciennes in
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9CFF073869FC7F9EB5FC53" box="[596,679,932,957]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="139" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvier">Cuvier</taxonomicName>
&amp; Valenciennes, 1840)
</emphasis>
—Spotted parrotfish STATUS AT MADANG.
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9CFF073B84FC1C9E56FC0E" bold="true" box="[441,580,967,992]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 16, CTR 20, CTR 23.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9CFF073AAAFBCB9D40FB9E" blockId="139.[151,1436,932,1136]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa,
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF07388CFBD49F2AFBC6" box="[689,824,1039,1064]" name="Madagascar" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
and western Mascarenes east to Caroline and Gambier islands, south to Western
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF073B82FBEF9E3BFBA3" box="[447,553,1076,1101]" name="Australia" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF07380AFBEE9EFBFBA3" box="[567,745,1076,1101]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF073914FBEE9F60FBA3" box="[809,882,1077,1101]" name="Tonga" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Tonga</collectingCountry>
. Found in clear lagoon and seaward coral reefs,
<quantity id="250AB289DA9CFF073AAAFB839CFDFB81" box="[151,239,1112,1136]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="0.0">
0
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA9CFF073A8EFB839CFDFB81" box="[179,239,1112,1136]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" type="generic">30 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9CFF073AAAFB449827FB56" blockId="139.[151,1436,1183,1389]" box="[151,1077,1183,1208]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9CFF073AAAFB449F2DFB56" bold="true" box="[151,831,1183,1208]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9CFF073AAAFB449D60FB56" box="[151,370,1183,1208]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Chlorurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bleekeri">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9CFF073AAAFB449D60FB56" bold="true" box="[151,370,1183,1208]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Chlorurus bleekeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Beaufort in Weber &amp; Beaufort, 1940)
</emphasis>
—Bleeker's parrotfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9CFF073AAAFB1F9CC0FACA" blockId="139.[151,1436,1183,1389]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
STATUS AT MADANG.
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9CFF073B84FB1F9E56FB33" bold="true" box="[441,580,1220,1245]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 7, CTR 0 8, CTR 0 9, CTR 16, CTR 27, CTR 33; also by A. Berberian. AMS material (AMS I.17088-064, I.17090- 023).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9CFF073AAAFAEB9952FA83" blockId="139.[151,1436,1183,1389]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF073812FAF49E8EFAA6" box="[559,668,1327,1352]" name="Indonesia" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
east to
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF0738C7FAF49FA6FAA6" box="[762,948,1327,1352]" name="Micronesia" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Caroline Islands</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF0739CDFAEB982DFAA6" box="[1008,1087,1328,1352]" name="Samoa" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Samoa</collectingCountry>
, north to
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF073E8CFAF49920FAA6" box="[1201,1330,1327,1352]" name="Philippines" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, south to northern
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF073AC1FA8F9D71FA83" box="[252,355,1364,1389]" name="Australia" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Australia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF073BA7FA8E9E59FA83" box="[410,587,1364,1389]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
. Found in coastal, lagoon and seaward coral reefs,
<quantity id="250AB289DA9CFF073EB8FA8F98CFFA82" box="[1157,1245,1364,1389]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" unit="m" value="17.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="0.0">
0
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA9CFF073E9FFA8F98CFFA82" box="[1186,1245,1364,1389]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" type="generic">35 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9CFF073AAAFA479F19FA5B" blockId="139.[151,1436,1436,1605]" box="[151,779,1436,1461]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9CFF073AAAFA479E33FA5B" authority="Snyder, 1909" authorityName="Snyder" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,545,1436,1461]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Chlorurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bowersi">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9CFF073AAAFA479E33FA5B" bold="true" box="[151,545,1436,1461]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9CFF073AAAFA479D7DFA5B" bold="true" box="[151,367,1436,1461]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Chlorurus bowersi</emphasis>
(Snyder, 1909)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Bower's parrotfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9CFF073AAAFA1B9D1FFA13" blockId="139.[151,1436,1436,1605]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
STATUS AT MADANG.
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9CFF073B87FA649E54FA36" bold="true" box="[442,582,1471,1496]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">New record</emphasis>
from Madang and New
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF07395EFA649FA5FA36" box="[867,951,1471,1496]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Guinea</collectingCountry>
, based on a specimen photographed by A. Berberian.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9CFF073AAAF9D39F21F9AB" blockId="139.[151,1436,1436,1605]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF073813F9DC9E89F9CE" box="[558,667,1543,1568]" name="Indonesia" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
east to
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF0738C5F9DC9F24F9CE" box="[760,822,1543,1568]" name="Palau" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Palau</collectingCountry>
and New
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF07398DF9DC9816F9CE" box="[944,1028,1543,1568]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Guinea</collectingCountry>
, north to Ryukyu Islands. Found in rich coral habitat of lagoons and channels,
<quantity id="250AB289DA9CFF07384AF9F79EC2F9AA" box="[631,720,1580,1604]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="2.0">
2
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA9CFF0738AEF9F79EC2F9AA" box="[659,720,1580,1604]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" type="generic">20 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9CFF073AAAF9AF9F3AF963" blockId="139.[151,1436,1652,1856]" box="[151,808,1652,1677]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9CFF073AAAF9AF9E27F963" authority="Bloch, 1789" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1789" box="[151,565,1652,1677]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Chlorurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japanensis">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9CFF073AAAF9AF9E27F963" bold="true" box="[151,565,1652,1677]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9CFF073AAAF9AF9D83F963" bold="true" box="[151,401,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Chlorurus japanensis</emphasis>
(Bloch, 1789)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Japanese parrotfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9CFF073AAAF9439EADF93A" blockId="139.[151,1436,1652,1856]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
STATUS AT MADANG.
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9CFF073B84F94C9E56F95E" bold="true" box="[441,580,1687,1712]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 1, CTR 0 3, CTR 0 4, CTR 10, CTR 22, CTR 28.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9CFF073AAAF93B9E86F8AE" blockId="139.[151,1436,1652,1856]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa and western Mascarenes east to
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF073E11F93A9866F917" box="[1068,1140,1761,1785]" name="Tonga" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Tonga</collectingCountry>
, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland (
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF073BAFF8DF9DEEF8F3" box="[402,508,1796,1821]" name="Australia" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Australia</collectingCountry>
) and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF07387DF8DE9EE6F8F3" box="[576,756,1796,1821]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
. Found on seaward coral and rocky reefs, usually on inner reefs with rich coral habitat,
<quantity id="250AB289DA9CFF073BE4F8F39E23F8AE" box="[473,561,1832,1856]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" unit="m" value="10.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="1.0">
1
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA9CFF073BCFF8F39E23F8AE" box="[498,561,1832,1856]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" type="generic">20 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9CFF073AAAF8B49F4DF866" blockId="139.[151,1436,1903,2037]" box="[151,863,1903,1928]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9CFF073AAAF8B49E4EF866" authority="Bleeker, 1854" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,604,1903,1928]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Chlorurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microrhinos">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9CFF073AAAF8B49E4EF866" bold="true" box="[151,604,1903,1928]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9CFF073AAAF8B49DB1F866" bold="true" box="[151,419,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Chlorurus microrhinos</emphasis>
(Bleeker, 1854)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Steephead parrotfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9CFF073AAAF84F9911F81B" blockId="139.[151,1436,1903,2037]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">
STATUS AT MADANG.
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9CFF073B89F84F9E2CF843" bold="true" box="[436,574,1940,1965]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens photographed at St. CTR 27. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF07380DF8639E8FF83F" box="[560,669,1976,2001]" name="Indonesia" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
east to
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF0738C0F8639FA4F83F" box="[765,950,1976,2001]" name="Micronesia" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Caroline Islands</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF0739CEF8639858F83F" box="[1011,1098,1976,2001]" name="Pitcairn" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Pitcairn</collectingCountry>
Group, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to northern
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9CFF073801F8079EB1F81B" box="[572,675,2012,2037]" name="Australia" pageId="139" pageNumber="140">Australia</collectingCountry>
and Lord Howe Islands. Coral reefs,
<quantity id="250AB289DA9CFF073E75F80798B2F81A" box="[1096,1184,2012,2037]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" unit="m" value="25.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="1.0">
1
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA9CFF073E5CF80798B2F81A" box="[1121,1184,2012,2037]" pageId="139" pageNumber="140" type="generic">50 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9BFF003AAAFF4C9FDCFF5E" blockId="140.[151,1436,151,429]" box="[151,974,151,176]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9BFF003AAAFF4C9ED6FF5E" bold="true" box="[151,708,151,176]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9BFF003AAAFF4C9D6AFF5E" box="[151,376,151,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Chlorurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sordidus">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9BFF003AAAFF4C9D6AFF5E" bold="true" box="[151,376,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Chlorurus sordidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775)
</emphasis>
—Bullethead parrotfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9BFF003AAAFF679F2FFE43" blockId="140.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang as
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9BFF00390FFF669FF9FF3B" box="[818,1003,188,213]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Scarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sordidus">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9BFF00390FFF669FF9FF3B" box="[818,1003,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Scarus sordidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="8663629DDA9BFF003E1EFF679903FF3B" author="Kailola" box="[1059,1297,188,213]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" refString="Kailola, P. J. (1975) A catalogue of the fish reference collection at the Kanudi Fisheries Research Laboratory, Port Moresby. Department of Agriculture, Stock &amp; Fisheries, Port Moresby, Research Bulletin, 16, 1 - 277." type="journal article" year="1975">Kailola (1975: 195)</bibRefCitation>
. Specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 1, CTR 0 2, CTR 0 3, CTR 0 4, CTR 0 5, CTR 0 6, CTR 0 7, CTR 0 8, CTR 11, CTR 12, CTR 13, CTR 14, CTR 15, CTR 16, CTR 17, CTR 21, CTR 23. AMS and KFRS material. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF0038C4FEFC9F9EFEAE" box="[761,908,295,320]" name="South Africa" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF0039AAFEFC980CFEAE" box="[919,1054,295,320]" name="Madagascar" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003B21FE979D61FE8B" box="[284,371,332,357]" name="Pitcairn" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Pitcairn</collectingCountry>
Group, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Western
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003E61FE9798D7FE8B" box="[1116,1221,332,357]" name="Australia" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Australia</collectingCountry>
, Lord Howe
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003F65FE97998EFE8B" box="[1368,1436,332,357]" name="Iceland" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Island</collectingCountry>
and Rapa. Found on reef flats and lagoon and seaward coral and rocky reefs, as well as along drop-offs; juveniles in coral rubble areas of reef flats and lagoons,
<quantity id="250AB289DA9BFF0038BCFE4F9ECBFE42" box="[641,729,404,429]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="25.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="1.0">
1
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA9BFF0038A6FE4F9ECBFE42" box="[667,729,404,429]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" type="generic">50 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9BFF003AAAFE079F00FD6B" blockId="140.[151,1437,476,645]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9BFF003AAAFE079FDDFE1B" bold="true" box="[151,975,476,501]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9BFF003AAAFE079D8FFE1B" box="[151,413,476,501]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Hipposcarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9BFF003AAAFE079D8FFE1B" bold="true" box="[151,413,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Hipposcarus longiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Valenciennes in
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9BFF003850FE079EADFE1B" box="[621,703,476,501]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="140" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvier">Cuvier</taxonomicName>
&amp; Valenciennes, 1840)
</emphasis>
—Pacific longnose parrotfish STATUS AT MADANG.
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9BFF003B89FE249E2CFDF6" bold="true" box="[436,574,511,536]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens photographed at St. CTR 13. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Cocos-Keeling Islands (eastern Indian Ocean) and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003E56FDFF98CAFDD3" box="[1131,1240,548,573]" name="Indonesia" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
east to
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003F0FFDFF998AFDD3" box="[1330,1432,548,573]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Marshall</collectingCountry>
, Line and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northern
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF00399EFD9C981BFD8E" box="[931,1033,583,608]" name="Australia" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Australia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003E02FD9398E2FD8E" box="[1087,1264,583,608]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
. In groups over sand in lagoon and seaward coral reefs,
<quantity id="250AB289DA9BFF00386AFDB79EBDFD6A" box="[599,687,620,644]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="20.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="0.0">
0
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA9BFF00384EFDB79EBDFD6A" box="[627,687,620,644]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" type="generic">40 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9BFF003AAAFD6F9FD3FD23" blockId="140.[151,1436,692,861]" box="[151,961,692,717]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9BFF003AAAFD6F9EDDFD23" authority="Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1824" authorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" authorityYear="1824" box="[151,719,692,717]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Leptoscarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vaigiensis">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9BFF003AAAFD6F9EDDFD23" bold="true" box="[151,719,692,717]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9BFF003AAAFD6F9D89FD23" bold="true" box="[151,411,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Leptoscarus vaigiensis</emphasis>
(Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1824)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Seagrass parrotfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9BFF003AAAFD0398C5FCB3" blockId="140.[151,1436,692,861]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
STATUS AT MADANG.
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9BFF003B89FD0C9E2CFD1E" bold="true" box="[436,574,727,752]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens photographed by A. Berberian. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003939FD279F8AFCFB" box="[772,920,764,789]" name="South Africa" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003998FD27983EFCFB" box="[933,1068,764,789]" name="Madagascar" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
and western Mascarenes east to
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003AAAFCC49CE3FCD6" box="[151,241,799,824]" name="Pitcairn" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Pitcairn</collectingCountry>
, south to Western
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003B80FCC49E35FCD6" box="[445,551,799,824]" name="Australia" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Australia</collectingCountry>
, Kermadec Islands and Rapa. Found in sheltered areas and lagoons, in seagrass areas or areas with hard substrates with thick algal cover adjacent to coral reefs,
<quantity id="250AB289DA9BFF003E21FC9F9866FCB2" box="[1052,1140,836,861]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="8.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="1.0">
1
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA9BFF003E0AFC9F9866FCB2" box="[1079,1140,836,861]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" type="generic">15 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9BFF003AAAFC579F87FC4B" blockId="140.[151,1436,908,1040]" box="[151,917,908,933]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9BFF003AAAFC579E97FC4B" authority="Choat &amp; Randall, 1986" authorityName="Choat &amp; Randall" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,645,908,933]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Scarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chameleon">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9BFF003AAAFC579E97FC4B" bold="true" box="[151,645,908,933]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9BFF003AAAFC579D79FC4B" bold="true" box="[151,363,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Scarus chameleon</emphasis>
Choat &amp; Randall, 1986
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9BFF00389FFC579F33FC4B" box="[674,801,908,933]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Scarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="140" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chameleon">Chameleon</taxonomicName>
parrotfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9BFF003AAAFC6B9F03FBFE" blockId="140.[151,1436,908,1040]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
STATUS AT MADANG.
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9BFF003B89FC749E2CFC26" bold="true" box="[436,574,943,968]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens photographed at St. CTR 16. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Eastern
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF0038ACFC0F9EECFC03" box="[657,766,980,1005]" name="Indonesia" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
east to
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF00395DFC0F9F8CFC03" box="[864,926,980,1005]" name="Palau" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Palau</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF0039E1FC0F9814FC03" box="[988,1030,980,1005]" name="Fiji" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Fiji</collectingCountry>
, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northern
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003AC1FC2C9D71FBFE" box="[252,355,1015,1040]" name="Australia" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Australia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003BA7FC239E59FBFE" box="[410,587,1015,1040]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="250AB289DA9BFF003868FC2C9EBFFBE1" box="[597,685,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="18.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="1.0">
1
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA9BFF003852FC2C9EBFFBE1" box="[623,685,1015,1040]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" type="generic">35 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9BFF003AAAFBE49F2FFBB6" blockId="140.[151,1436,1087,1328]" box="[151,829,1087,1112]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9BFF003AAAFBE49E1FFBB6" authority="Bleeker, 1859" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,525,1087,1112]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Scarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dimidiatus">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9BFF003AAAFBE49E1FFBB6" bold="true" box="[151,525,1087,1112]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9BFF003AAAFBE49D74FBB6" bold="true" box="[151,358,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Scarus dimidiatus</emphasis>
Bleeker, 1859
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Yellow-barred parrotfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9BFF003AAAFBBF9F76FB2B" blockId="140.[151,1436,1087,1328]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
STATUS AT MADANG.
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9BFF003B84FBBF9E56FB93" bold="true" box="[441,580,1124,1149]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 1, CTR 0 2, CTR 0 7, CTR 0 8, CTR 0 9, CTR 10, CTR 11, CTR 12, CTR 13, CTR 14, CTR 15, CTR 16, CTR 17, CTR 20, CTR 22, CTR 25, CTR 26, CTR 28, CTR 31, CTR 35.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9BFF003AAAFB0B9CFEFADE" blockId="140.[151,1436,1087,1328]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003818FB149E80FB06" box="[549,658,1231,1256]" name="Indonesia" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
east to
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF0038DBFB149F8EFB06" box="[742,924,1231,1256]" name="Micronesia" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Caroline Islands</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF0039EFFB0B9833FB06" box="[978,1057,1232,1256]" name="Samoa" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Samoa</collectingCountry>
, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northern
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003AC3FB2F9D76FAE3" box="[254,356,1268,1293]" name="Australia" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Australia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003BA3FB2E9E42FAE3" box="[414,592,1268,1293]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
. Found in lagoon and seaward coral reefs,
<quantity id="250AB289DA9BFF003E04FB2F9880FAE2" box="[1081,1170,1268,1293]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="0.0">
0
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA9BFF003E6BFB2F9880FAE2" box="[1110,1170,1268,1293]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" type="generic">25 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Transitional water and marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9BFF003AAAFA849F27FA96" blockId="140.[151,1436,1375,1544]" box="[151,821,1375,1400]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9BFF003AAAFA849E24FA96" authority="Schultz, 1958" authorityName="Schultz" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,566,1375,1400]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Scarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavipectoralis">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9BFF003AAAFA849E24FA96" bold="true" box="[151,566,1375,1400]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9BFF003AAAFA849D82FA96" bold="true" box="[151,400,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Scarus flavipectoralis</emphasis>
Schultz, 1958
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Yellowfin parrotfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9BFF003AAAFA5F9E4AFA2E" blockId="140.[151,1436,1375,1544]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
STATUS AT MADANG.
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9BFF003B84FA5F9E56FA73" bold="true" box="[441,580,1412,1437]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 1, CTR 0 7, CTR 13, CTR 16, CTR 17.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9BFF003AAAFA17980EF9E6" blockId="140.[151,1436,1375,1544]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF00381AFA179E86FA0B" box="[551,660,1484,1509]" name="Indonesia" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
east to
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF0038D6FA179FB0FA0B" box="[747,930,1484,1509]" name="Micronesia" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Caroline Islands</collectingCountry>
and New
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003E28FA17987BFA0B" box="[1045,1129,1484,1509]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Guinea</collectingCountry>
, north to
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003EEEFA179946FA0B" box="[1235,1364,1484,1509]" name="Philippines" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, south to northern
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003B24FA349D92F9E6" box="[281,384,1519,1544]" name="Australia" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Australia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003B8BFA2A9E75F9E6" box="[438,615,1519,1544]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
. Found in coral reefs,
<quantity id="250AB289DA9BFF00395CFA2B9FABF9E6" box="[865,953,1520,1544]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="20.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="1.0">
1
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA9BFF003947FA2B9FABF9E6" box="[890,953,1520,1544]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" type="generic">40 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9BFF003AAAF9E99F10F9A5" blockId="140.[151,1436,1586,1755]" box="[151,770,1586,1611]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9BFF003AAAF9E99DECF9A5" authority="Bleeker, 1861" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,510,1586,1611]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Scarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forsteni">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9BFF003AAAF9E99DECF9A5" bold="true" box="[151,510,1586,1611]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9BFF003AAAF9E99D54F9A5" bold="true" box="[151,326,1586,1611]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Scarus forsteni</emphasis>
(Bleeker, 1861)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Whitespot parrotfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9BFF003AAAF98C9D40F935" blockId="140.[151,1436,1586,1755]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
STATUS AT MADANG.
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9BFF003B89F98D9E2CF981" bold="true" box="[436,574,1622,1647]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens observed at St. CTR 0 3. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Eastern
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF0038BFF9A19EFDF97D" box="[642,751,1658,1683]" name="Indonesia" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
east to
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003978F9A19FE9F97D" box="[837,1019,1658,1683]" name="Micronesia" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Caroline Islands</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003E0FF9A1989BF97D" box="[1074,1161,1658,1683]" name="Pitcairn" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Pitcairn</collectingCountry>
Group, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to northern
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF00384DF9459EC5F959" box="[624,727,1694,1719]" name="Australia" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Australia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003933F9449FD2F959" box="[782,960,1694,1719]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
. Found in lagoon and seaward coral reefs,
<quantity id="250AB289DA9BFF003AAAF9189CFDF934" box="[151,239,1731,1755]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="16.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="2.0">
2
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA9BFF003A8EF9189CFDF934" box="[179,239,1731,1755]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" type="generic">30 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9BFF003AAAF8DE9FAFF8F0" blockId="140.[151,1436,1797,2038]" box="[151,957,1797,1822]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9BFF003AAAF8DE9ECBF8F0" bold="true" box="[151,729,1797,1822]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9BFF003AAAF8DE9DD4F8F0" authority="Lacepede" authorityName="Lacepede" box="[151,454,1797,1822]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Scarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frenatus">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9BFF003AAAF8DE9D5FF8F0" bold="true" box="[151,333,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Scarus frenatus</emphasis>
Lacepède
</taxonomicName>
[ex
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9BFF003BC5F8DE9E9CF8F0" box="[504,654,1797,1822]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Scomberomorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="140" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commerson">Commerson</taxonomicName>
], 1802
</emphasis>
—Bridled parrotfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9BFF003AAAF8F19D9BF888" blockId="140.[151,1436,1797,2038]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
STATUS AT MADANG.
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9BFF003B84F8F29E57F8AC" bold="true" box="[441,581,1833,1858]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 7, CTR 21, CTR 22.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9BFF003AAAF8A99F4CF818" blockId="140.[151,1436,1797,2038]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea and East Africa,
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003974F8AA9FC2F864" box="[841,976,1905,1930]" name="Madagascar" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
and Mascarenes east to Line Islands and Ducie (
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003AD7F84E9D51F840" box="[234,323,1941,1966]" name="Pitcairn" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Pitcairn</collectingCountry>
Group), north to southern
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF00384AF84D9EA5F843" box="[631,695,1942,1965]" name="Japan" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Japan</collectingCountry>
and Ogasawara Islands, south to Shark Bay (Western
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003F18F84E9982F840" box="[1317,1424,1941,1966]" name="Australia" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Australia</collectingCountry>
), Lord Howe
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9BFF003B1FF8629D74F83C" box="[290,358,1977,2002]" name="Iceland" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Island</collectingCountry>
and Rapa. Found on exposed seaward coral reefs, sometimes in very shallow water; juveniles occur among coral and rubble of lagoon reefs,
<quantity id="250AB289DA9BFF00389FF8059EE8F81B" box="[674,762,2014,2038]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="10.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="1.0">
1
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA9BFF003886F8059EE8F81B" box="[699,762,2014,2038]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" type="generic">20 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9AFF013AAAFF4C9FB0FF5E" blockId="141.[151,1436,151,392]" box="[151,930,151,176]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9AFF013AAAFF4C9E9EFF5E" bold="true" box="[151,652,151,176]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9AFF013AAAFF4C9DD2FF5E" authority="Forsskal" authorityName="Forsskal" box="[151,448,151,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Scarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ghobban">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9AFF013AAAFF4C9D40FF5E" bold="true" box="[151,338,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Scarus ghobban</emphasis>
Forsskål
</taxonomicName>
in Niebuhr, 1775
</emphasis>
—Blue-barred parrotfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9AFF013AAAFF679FE6FF16" blockId="141.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
STATUS AT MADANG.
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9AFF013B84FF679E56FF3B" bold="true" box="[441,580,188,213]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 3, CTR 0 4, CTR 0 5, CTR 0 6, CTR 0 7, CTR 0 8, CTR 11, CTR 14, CTR 15.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9AFF013AAAFEDF9F5AFE66" blockId="141.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF0138C2FEDF9F81FEF3" box="[767,915,260,285]" name="South Africa" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF0139A2FEDF9834FEF3" box="[927,1062,260,285]" name="Madagascar" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
and Mascarenes east to
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF013F01FEDE998AFEF2" box="[1340,1432,261,284]" name="Panama" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Panama</collectingCountry>
, north to southern
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF013B60FEF39D8FFED1" box="[349,413,296,319]" name="Japan" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Japan</collectingCountry>
and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF013947FEFC9FF6FEAE" box="[890,996,295,320]" name="Australia" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Australia</collectingCountry>
, Lord Howe
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF013E4BFEFC98A8FEAE" box="[1142,1210,295,320]" name="Iceland" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Island</collectingCountry>
and Rapa. Found in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, on slopes and drop-offs; juveniles inshore on algae reef habitat; entering silty, murky environments,
<quantity id="250AB289DA9AFF013BB0FEAB9DF7FE69" box="[397,485,368,392]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" unit="m" value="45.5" valueMax="90.0" valueMin="1.0">
1
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA9AFF013B9AFEAB9DF7FE69" box="[423,485,368,392]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" type="generic">90 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Transitional water and marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9AFF013AAAFE6C989FFE3E" blockId="141.[151,1436,439,680]" box="[151,1165,439,464]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9AFF013AAAFE6C9F6AFE3E" bold="true" box="[151,888,439,464]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9AFF013AAAFE6C9DE8FE3E" authority="Valenciennes" authorityName="Valenciennes" box="[151,506,439,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Scarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globiceps">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9AFF013AAAFE6C9D4AFE3E" bold="true" box="[151,344,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Scarus globiceps</emphasis>
Valenciennes
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9AFF013822FE6C9E63FE3E" box="[543,625,439,464]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="141" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvier">Cuvier</taxonomicName>
&amp; Valenciennes, 1840
</emphasis>
—Violet-lined parrotfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9AFF013AAAFE079D01FD46" blockId="141.[151,1436,439,680]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
STATUS AT MADANG.
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9AFF013B88FE079E52FE1B" bold="true" box="[437,576,476,501]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens observed, photographed and collected at St. CTR 0 1, CTR 0 3, CTR 0 6, CTR 19. AMS and MNHN material (AMS I.17090-022; MNHN uncat.). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF0138A1FDFF9F23FDD3" box="[668,817,548,573]" name="South Africa" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF01397DFDFF9FD5FDD3" box="[832,967,548,573]" name="Madagascar" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
and Mascarenes east to
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF013EDAFDFF993BFDD3" box="[1255,1321,548,573]" name="Wake Island" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Wake</collectingCountry>
, Line and Gambier islands, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Shark Bay (Western
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF013EA5FD9C9911FD8E" box="[1176,1283,583,608]" name="Australia" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Australia</collectingCountry>
), Lord Howe
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF013AAAFDB79CC9FD6B" box="[151,219,620,645]" name="Iceland" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Island</collectingCountry>
and Rapa. Found in coral reefs, more common in seaward coral reef habitats than in protected waters,
<quantity id="250AB289DA9AFF013F59FDB79CA2FD49" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="18.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" unit="m" value="9.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="1.0">
1
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA9AFF013F42FDB79CA2FD49" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" type="generic">18 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9AFF013AAAFD0C9F43FD1E" blockId="141.[151,1436,727,933]" box="[151,849,727,752]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9AFF013AAAFD0C9E76FD1E" bold="true" box="[151,612,727,752]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9AFF013AAAFD0C9D8AFD1E" authority="Forsskal" authorityName="Forsskal" box="[151,408,727,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Scarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9AFF013AAAFD0C9D38FD1E" bold="true" box="[151,298,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Scarus niger</emphasis>
Forsskål
</taxonomicName>
in Niebuhr, 1775
</emphasis>
—Swarthy parrotfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9AFF013AAAFD279D85FC4B" blockId="141.[151,1436,727,933]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by
<bibRefCitation id="8663629DDA9AFF0138C0FD279FCFFCFB" author="Kailola" box="[765,989,764,789]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" refString="Kailola, P. J. (1975) A catalogue of the fish reference collection at the Kanudi Fisheries Research Laboratory, Port Moresby. Department of Agriculture, Stock &amp; Fisheries, Port Moresby, Research Bulletin, 16, 1 - 277." type="journal article" year="1975">Kailola (1975: 195)</bibRefCitation>
. Specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 10, CTR 14, CTR 16; also photographed by A. Berberian. AMS, KFRS and WAM material. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea and East Africa east to
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF0139B5FC9F9FFEFCB3" box="[904,1004,836,861]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Marshall</collectingCountry>
and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to northern
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF013848FCBC9EC9FC6E" box="[629,731,871,896]" name="Australia" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Australia</collectingCountry>
and Lord Howe
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF01399DFCBC9FFAFC6E" box="[928,1000,871,896]" name="Iceland" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Island</collectingCountry>
. Solitary, in coastal and seaward coral reefs,
<quantity id="250AB289DA9AFF013AE6FC579D21FC4A" box="[219,307,908,932]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" unit="m" value="10.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="0.0">
0
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA9AFF013ACAFC579D21FC4A" box="[247,307,908,932]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" type="generic">20 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9AFF013AAAFC0F9E4AFBDA" blockId="141.[151,1436,980,1184]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9AFF013AAAFC0F9F72FC03" bold="true" box="[151,864,980,1005]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9AFF013AAAFC0F9DF1FC03" authority="Valenciennes" authorityName="Valenciennes" box="[151,483,980,1005]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Scarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oviceps">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9AFF013AAAFC0F9D53FC03" bold="true" box="[151,321,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Scarus oviceps</emphasis>
Valenciennes
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9AFF013835FC0F9E48FC03" box="[520,602,980,1005]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="141" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvier">Cuvier</taxonomicName>
&amp; Valenciennes, 1840
</emphasis>
—Dark-capped parrotfish STATUS AT MADANG.
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9AFF013B84FC2C9E56FBFE" bold="true" box="[441,580,1015,1040]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 3, CTR 0 6, CTR 10, CTR 13, CTR 22.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9AFF013AAAFB9B9E7AFB4E" blockId="141.[151,1436,980,1184]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Central
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF0138BDFBE49EFFFBB6" box="[640,749,1087,1112]" name="Indonesia" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
east to
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF01397EFBE49FBBFBB6" box="[835,937,1087,1112]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Marshall</collectingCountry>
, Line and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to northern
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF013851FBBF9EC1FB93" box="[620,723,1124,1149]" name="Australia" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Australia</collectingCountry>
and Lord Howe
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF0139ADFBBF9FCAFB93" box="[912,984,1124,1149]" name="Iceland" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Island</collectingCountry>
. Solitary or in groups, in coastal, lagoon and seaward coral reefs,
<quantity id="250AB289DA9AFF013B91FB539E16FB71" box="[428,516,1160,1184]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" unit="m" value="10.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="1.0">
1
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA9AFF013BFBFB539E16FB71" box="[454,516,1160,1184]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" type="generic">20 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9AFF013AAAFB149F9BFB06" blockId="141.[151,1436,1231,1437]" box="[151,905,1231,1256]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9AFF013AAAFB149E9EFB06" bold="true" box="[151,652,1231,1256]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9AFF013AAAFB149DADFB06" authority="Forsskal" authorityName="Forsskal" box="[151,447,1231,1256]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Scarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psittacus">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9AFF013AAAFB149D40FB06" bold="true" box="[151,338,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Scarus psittacus</emphasis>
Forsskål
</taxonomicName>
in Niebuhr, 1775
</emphasis>
—Pale-nose parrotfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9AFF013AAAFB2F9EADFADE" blockId="141.[151,1436,1231,1437]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
STATUS AT MADANG.
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9AFF013B84FB2F9E56FAE3" bold="true" box="[441,580,1268,1293]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 10, CTR 12, CTR 15, CTR 16, CTR 22, CTR 27.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9AFF013AAAFAE79867FA73" blockId="141.[151,1436,1231,1437]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF01393CFAE79F84FABB" box="[769,918,1340,1365]" name="South Africa" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF01399FFAE79808FABB" box="[930,1050,1340,1365]" name="Seychelles" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to southern
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF01384BFABB9EABFA99" box="[630,697,1376,1399]" name="Japan" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Japan</collectingCountry>
, south to Shark Bay (Western
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF013E27FA849897FA96" box="[1050,1157,1375,1400]" name="Australia" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Australia</collectingCountry>
), Lord Howe
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF013F1BFA849978FA96" box="[1318,1386,1375,1400]" name="Iceland" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Island</collectingCountry>
and Rapa. Found on reef flats and in lagoon and seaward reefs, over corals,
<quantity id="250AB289DA9AFF013984FA5F9803FA72" box="[953,1041,1412,1437]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="0.0">
0
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA9AFF0139EBFA5F9803FA72" box="[982,1041,1412,1437]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" type="generic">25 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9AFF013AAAFA179D9BF9C3" blockId="141.[151,1436,1484,1653]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9AFF013AAAFA179F5EFA0B" bold="true" box="[151,844,1484,1509]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9AFF013AAAFA179DDDFA0B" authority="Valenciennes" authorityName="Valenciennes" box="[151,463,1484,1509]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Scarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quoyi">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9AFF013AAAFA179D3FFA0B" bold="true" box="[151,301,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Scarus quoyi</emphasis>
Valenciennes
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9AFF013BC9FA179E54FA0B" box="[500,582,1484,1509]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="141" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvier">Cuvier</taxonomicName>
&amp; Valenciennes, 1840
</emphasis>
—Quoy's parrotfish STATUS AT MADANG.
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9AFF013B8BFA349E53F9E6" bold="true" box="[438,577,1519,1544]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens observed at St. CTR 0 3. WAM material (WAM P.29624-001).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9AFF013AAAF9E39F46F99B" blockId="141.[151,1436,1484,1653]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF013814F9EC9E71F9BE" box="[553,611,1591,1616]" name="India" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">India</collectingCountry>
east to
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF013886F9EC9EEBF9BE" box="[699,761,1591,1616]" name="Palau" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Palau</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF01390CF9E29F82F9BE" box="[817,912,1593,1616]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Lord Howe
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF013AAAF9879CCDF99B" box="[151,223,1628,1653]" name="Iceland" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Island</collectingCountry>
. Found in sheltered coastal coral reefs,
<quantity id="250AB289DA9AFF0138A4F9879EE3F99A" box="[665,753,1628,1652]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" unit="m" value="10.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="2.0">
2
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA9AFF01388AF9879EE3F99A" box="[695,753,1628,1652]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" type="generic">18 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9AFF013AAAF97F9F08F953" blockId="141.[151,1436,1700,1869]" box="[151,794,1700,1725]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9AFF013AAAF97F9E52F953" authority="Bleeker, 1847" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1847" box="[151,576,1700,1725]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Scarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubroviolaceus">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9AFF013AAAF97F9E52F953" bold="true" box="[151,576,1700,1725]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9AFF013AAAF97F9D88F953" bold="true" box="[151,410,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Scarus rubroviolaceus</emphasis>
Bleeker, 1847
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Ember parrotfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9AFF013AAAF9139DE2F8EA" blockId="141.[151,1436,1700,1869]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
STATUS AT MADANG.
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9AFF013B84F91C9E56F90E" bold="true" box="[441,580,1735,1760]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 7, CTR 16, CTR 20, CTR 22.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9AFF013AAAF8CB9903F8A3" blockId="141.[151,1436,1700,1869]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa east to
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF013938F8CA9F73F8C6" box="[773,865,1809,1832]" name="Panama" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Panama</collectingCountry>
, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to northern
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF013AC1F8EF9D71F8A3" box="[252,355,1844,1869]" name="Australia" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Australia</collectingCountry>
and Lord Howe
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF01381CF8EF9E7BF8A3" box="[545,617,1844,1869]" name="Iceland" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Island</collectingCountry>
. Solitary or in pairs, in seaward coral reefs,
<quantity id="250AB289DA9AFF013E6BF8EF98BCF8A2" box="[1110,1198,1844,1869]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" unit="m" value="18.5" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="1.0">
1
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA9AFF013E52F8EF98BCF8A2" box="[1135,1198,1844,1869]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" type="generic">36 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9AFF013AAAF8A79F0AF87B" blockId="141.[151,1436,1916,2013]" box="[151,792,1916,1941]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA9AFF013AAAF8A79E19F87B" authority="Bleeker, 1861" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,523,1916,1941]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Scarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="141" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schlegeli">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9AFF013AAAF8A79E19F87B" bold="true" box="[151,523,1916,1941]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9AFF013AAAF8A79D40F87B" bold="true" box="[151,338,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Scarus schlegeli</emphasis>
(Bleeker, 1861)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Yellow-bar parrotfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA9AFF023AAAF87B9D40FF3B" blockId="141.[151,1436,1916,2013]" lastBlockId="142.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="142" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">
STATUS AT MADANG.
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA9AFF013B89F87B9E2CF857" bold="true" box="[436,574,1952,1977]" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens photographed at St. CTR 0 9. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Central
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF0138BBF81F9EE1F833" box="[646,755,1988,2013]" name="Indonesia" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
east to
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA9AFF013971F81F9FA2F833" box="[844,944,1988,2013]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="141" pageNumber="142">Marshall</collectingCountry>
and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to northern
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA99FF023803FF4C9EB7FF5E" box="[574,677,151,176]" name="Australia" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Australia</collectingCountry>
and Lord Howe
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA99FF02395EFF4C9FB9FF5E" box="[867,939,151,176]" name="Iceland" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Island</collectingCountry>
. Solitary, in coastal and seaward coral reefs,
<quantity id="250AB289DA99FF023AAAFF679CFDFF3A" box="[151,239,188,213]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" unit="m" value="25.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="1.0">
1
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA99FF023A8DFF679CFDFF3A" box="[176,239,188,213]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" type="generic">50 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA99FF023AAAFEDF9EA0FEF3" blockId="142.[151,1436,260,464]" box="[151,690,260,285]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA99FF023AAAFEDF9DC1FEF3" authority="Kner, 1868" authorityName="Kner" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,467,260,285]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Scarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinus">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA99FF023AAAFEDF9DC1FEF3" bold="true" box="[151,467,260,285]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA99FF023AAAFEDF9D2AFEF3" bold="true" box="[151,312,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Scarus spinus</emphasis>
(Kner, 1868)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Pygmy parrotfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA99FF023AAAFEF39D4DFE8A" blockId="142.[151,1436,260,464]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
STATUS AT MADANG.
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA99FF023B87FEFC9E55FEAE" bold="true" box="[442,583,295,320]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens photographed at St. CTR 14, CTR 25, CTR 27, CTR 31.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA99FF023AAAFEAB9D40FE3E" blockId="142.[151,1436,260,464]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Central
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA99FF0238B1FEB49EEBFE66" box="[652,761,367,392]" name="Indonesia" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
east to
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA99FF02396AFEB49806FE66" box="[855,1044,367,392]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Marshall Islands</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA99FF023E6DFEAB988DFE66" box="[1104,1183,368,392]" name="Samoa" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Samoa</collectingCountry>
, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to northern
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA99FF023875FE4F9EBDFE43" box="[584,687,404,429]" name="Australia" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Australia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA99FF0238D4FE4E9F8FFE43" box="[745,925,404,429]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
. Solitary, in coastal and seaward coral reefs,
<quantity id="250AB289DA99FF023AAAFE6C9CFDFE21" box="[151,239,439,464]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" unit="m" value="13.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="2.0">
2
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA99FF023A8EFE6C9CFDFE21" box="[179,239,439,464]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" type="generic">25 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA99FF023AAAFE249EF3FDF6" blockId="142.[151,1436,511,645]" box="[151,737,511,536]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<taxonomicName id="25F264EFDA99FF023AAAFE249DFBFDF6" authority="Bleeker, 1849" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1849" box="[151,489,511,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Scarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA99FF023AAAFE249DFBFDF6" bold="true" box="[151,489,511,536]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA99FF023AAAFE249D50FDF6" bold="true" box="[151,322,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Scarus tricolor</emphasis>
Bleeker, 1849
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Tricolour parrotfish
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E24D1F6CDA99FF023AAAFDFF9F91FD6B" blockId="142.[151,1436,511,645]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
STATUS AT MADANG.
<emphasis id="D086C37EDA99FF023B89FDFF9E2CFDD3" bold="true" box="[436,574,548,573]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">New record</emphasis>
from Madang, based on specimens photographed at St. CTR 25. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa east to
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA99FF0238CAFD9C9F2AFD8E" box="[759,824,583,608]" name="Palau" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Palau</collectingCountry>
, Line Islands and
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA99FF023E3CFD939842FD8E" box="[1025,1104,584,608]" name="Samoa" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Samoa</collectingCountry>
, north to
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA99FF023E85FD9C992BFD8E" box="[1208,1337,583,608]" name="Philippines" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, south to
<collectingCountry id="9AE55FFCDA99FF023AAAFDB69D5AFD6B" box="[151,328,620,645]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
. Solitary, in seaward coral reefs,
<quantity id="250AB289DA99FF023887FDB79F32FD6A" box="[698,800,620,644]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" unit="m" value="25.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="10.0">
10
<specimenCount id="F4F4D4E5DA99FF0238DEFDB79F32FD6A" box="[739,800,620,644]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" type="generic">40 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Marine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>