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<document id="8B08CEE3A2FBFBE8D49A1B9449775DAD" ID-CLB-Dataset="46491" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3764.2.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0fb0e507-6f54-4514-af18-e5cb6fe86608" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="226331" ID-ZooBank="F03537C1-2FCE-4E97-BE13-B6CE98E85C67" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460381084140" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jeong, Hyeon Gyeong, Soh, Ho Young &amp; Suh, Hae-Lip" docDate="2014" docId="661287D1B512593AFF458DE44AE2BB03" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03764p191.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3764 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Labidocera rotunda Mori 1929" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="188" masterDocId="9A2BFFA9B510593DFFD28C534B1DBC68" masterDocTitle="Morphological and genetic differentiation of heteromorphy in Labidocera rotunda (Copepoda, Calanoida, Pontellidae)" masterLastPageNumber="191" masterPageNumber="181" pageNumber="183" updateTime="1698296868789" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C337D63E98C24FBEA046382790E09078">Morphological and genetic differentiation of heteromorphy in Labidocera rotunda (Copepoda, Calanoida, Pontellidae)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B512593FFF458DE4491BBDB8" authority="Mori, 1929" authorityName="Mori" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,518,439,464]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B512593FFF458DE4491BBDB8" bold="true" box="[151,518,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B512593FFF458DE44A61BDB8" bold="true" box="[151,380,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Labidocera rotunda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B512593FFE518DE4491BBDB8" author="Mori" box="[387,518,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" refString="Mori, T. (1929) An annotated list of the pelagic copepod from the SW part of the Japan-Sea, with description of 2 new species. Dobutsugaku Zasshi, 41, no. 486, 487. [in Japanese with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1929">Mori, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="76802A42B512593FFF4D8D8F4A14BD9C" box="[159,265,476,501]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1867,1889]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1677,1699]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1201,1223]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,1435,193,1842]" captionTargetBox-1="[163,1428,196,1656]" captionTargetBox-2="[155,1428,453,1765]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,285,1155]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1845]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[156,1432,193,1656]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[155,1432,445,1771]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[151,1436,285,1157]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Labidocera rotunda female: A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, right lateral view; C, urosome, ventral view; D, antennule; E fifth leg." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Labidocera rotunda male: A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, right lateral view; C, right antennule; D, ancestral segments XIX to XXIV of right antennule; E, fifth leg." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Labidocera rotunda female variant: A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, right lateral view; C, urosome, ventral view; D &amp; E, fifth leg." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of female genital area: A &amp; B, L. rotunda; C &amp; D, L. rotunda variant. Scale bars indicate 100 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/226332/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/226333/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/226334/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/226335/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Figs. 14</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B512593FFF458E774908BE52" authority="Mori, 1929: 177" authorityName="Mori" authorityPageNumber="177" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,533,548,570]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B512593FFF458E774A7FBE52" box="[151,354,548,570]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Labidocera rotunda</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="6F1A10D6B512593FFEB98E774908BE52" author="Mori" box="[363,533,548,570]" page="177" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" year="1929">
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B512593FFEB98E774AFFBE52" author="Mori" box="[363,482,548,570]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" refString="Mori, T. (1929) An annotated list of the pelagic copepod from the SW part of the Japan-Sea, with description of 2 new species. Dobutsugaku Zasshi, 41, no. 486, 487. [in Japanese with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1929">Mori, 1929</bibRefCitation>
: 177
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</taxonomicName>
, pl. 10, figs. 18 (
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locality: Pusan,
<collectingCountry id="96AC7657B512593FFC7D8E7648ECBE52" box="[943,1009,549,570]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Korea</collectingCountry>
); Mori, 1964: 35;
<treatmentCitation id="6F1A10D6B512593FFB7D8E774BEDBE30" author="Fleminger" page="264" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B512593FFB7D8E774E85BE52" author="Fleminger" box="[1199,1432,548,570]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" refString="Fleminger, A., Othman, B. H. R. &amp; Greenwood, J. G. (1982) The Labidocera pectinata group: an Indo-West Pacific lineage of planktonic copepods with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Plankton Research, 4, 245 - 270. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / plankt / 4.2.245" type="journal article" year="1982">
Fleminger
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B512593FFAF28E764E48BE52" box="[1312,1365,548,570]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">et al.</emphasis>
, 1982
</bibRefCitation>
: 264
</treatmentCitation>
, figs.
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n, 5f, 6kl, 7fg,
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE0436C7B512593FFF458E324ACBBEBB" blockId="2.[151,1437,548,754]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
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<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B512593FFF458E324930BE1F" authority="Tanaka, 1936: 31" authorityName="Tanaka" authorityPageNumber="31" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,557,609,631]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipinnata">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B512593FFF458E324A69BE1F" box="[151,372,609,631]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Labidocera bipinnata</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="6F1A10D6B512593FFEA98E324930BE1F" author="Tanaka" box="[379,557,609,631]" page="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B512593FFEA98E324915BE1F" author="Tanaka" box="[379,520,609,631]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" refString="Tanaka, O. (1936) On some new species of Copepoda from Sagami Bay. Japanese Journal of Zoology, 7, 31 - 36." type="journal article" year="1936">Tanaka, 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 31
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 2, figs. 110, pl. 3, figs. 17; Tanaka, 1964: 25; Mori, 1964: 94, pl. 43, figs. 18;
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B512593FFF158ED34A43BEFE" author="Brodsky" box="[199,350,640,662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" refString="Brodsky, K. A. (1950) Calanoida of the Far Eastern seas and Polar basin of the U. S. S. R. Keys to the Fauna of the USSR 35, 442 pp. [Translated from Russian by Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1967]" type="book" year="1950">Brodsky, 1950</bibRefCitation>
, p. 410, fig. 291; Shen and Bai, 1956: 191, pl. 5, figs. 3641;
<treatmentCitation id="6F1A10D6B512593FFC0F8ED34FFDBEFE" author="Shen" box="[989,1248,640,662]" page="581" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" year="1963">
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B512593FFC0F8ED34FB0BEFE" author="Shen" box="[989,1197,640,662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" refString="Sherman, K. (1963) Pontellid copepod distribution in relation to surface water types in the central North Pacific. Limnology and Oceanography, 8, 214 - 227. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4319 / lo. 1963.8.2.0214" type="journal article" year="1963">Shen and Lee, 1963</bibRefCitation>
: 581
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="6F1A10D6B512593FFB398ED34A3EBEDC" author="Chen" page="97" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B512593FFB398ED34BE0BEDC" author="Chen" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" refString="Chen, Q. C. &amp; Zhang S. Z. (1965) The planktonic copepods of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. 1. Calanoida. Studia Marina Sinica 7, 131 pp. [in Chinese with English summary]" type="book" year="1965">Chen and Zhang, 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 97
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 39, figs. 1013, pl. 40, figs. 15; Silas and Pillai, 1973: 814;
<treatmentCitation id="6F1A10D6B512593FFC6B8ECD4F47BEDC" author="Kim" box="[953,1114,670,692]" page="118" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B512593FFC6B8ECD4F37BEDC" author="Kim" box="[953,1066,670,692]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" refString="Kim, D. Y. (1985) Taxonomical study on calanoid copepod (Crustacea: Copepoda) in Korean waters. Ph. D. Thesis, Hanyang University, Korea, 187 pp." type="book" year="1985">Kim, 1985</bibRefCitation>
: 118
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 38, figs. eg, pl. 39, figs. a, b; Yoo, 1995: 200, pl. 145.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B512593FFF458E8F490EBE9A" authority="Mori, 1964: 52" authorityName="Mori" authorityPageNumber="52" authorityYear="1964" box="[151,531,732,754]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotundata">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B512593FFF458E8F4A68BE9A" box="[151,373,732,754]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Labidocera rotundata</emphasis>
Mori, 1964: 52
</taxonomicName>
(misspelling of specific name).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B512593FFF458F4D4A9DBF5F" bold="true" box="[151,384,798,823]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Material examined.</emphasis>
Twenty females and twenty males were collected from the northeastern area of the East
<collectingCountry id="96AC7657B512593FFA8B8F4D4E81BF5F" box="[1369,1436,798,823]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">China</collectingCountry>
Sea on
<date id="9A051007B512593FFF3A8F104A23BF33" box="[232,318,835,859]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" value="1930-05">30 May</date>
(
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),
<date id="9A051007B512593FFD818F1049B9BF33" box="[595,676,834,859]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" value="1924-07">24 July</date>
(
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) and
<date id="9A051007B512593FFC338F104F81BF33" box="[993,1180,834,859]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" value="2002-10-23">23 October 2002</date>
(
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), of which ten females and five males were dissected and closely examined.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B512593FFF158FD94A38BFCB" bold="true" box="[199,293,906,931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Female.</emphasis>
Body length
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(n=20). Prosome cylindrical: fourth and fifth pedigerous somites incompletely fused; posterior corners of prosome with pointed spiniform process extending to two-thirds of the genital double-somite (
<figureCitation id="76802A42B512593FFE4F8F814AC0BF83" box="[413,477,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1867,1889]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1845]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Labidocera rotunda female: A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, right lateral view; C, urosome, ventral view; D, antennule; E fifth leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226332/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A, B). Cephalosome with lateral hooks and pair of dorsal lenses; rostrum bifid, gap between rostral rami narrow. Urosome with 3 free somites: genital double-somite with wide spur on right mediolaterally and two spiniform processes ventro-laterally (
<figureCitation id="76802A42B512593FFCCF88494870B85B" box="[797,877,1050,1075]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1867,1889]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1845]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Labidocera rotunda female: A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, right lateral view; C, urosome, ventral view; D, antennule; E fifth leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226332/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
C, 2C, 4AD); genital operculum concaved on central part of tip (
<figureCitation id="76802A42B512593FFEB9886D4AADB83F" box="[363,432,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1201,1223]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,285,1155]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,285,1157]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of female genital area: A &amp; B, L. rotunda; C &amp; D, L. rotunda variant. Scale bars indicate 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226335/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B, D); second urosomite with well developed spur on right anterior-laterally; anal somite and caudal rami partly fused; caudal rami asymmetrical, left ramus with blunt process along inner margin (
<figureCitation id="76802A42B512593FFABC88314BBFB8F7" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1867,1889]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1845]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Labidocera rotunda female: A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, right lateral view; C, urosome, ventral view; D, antennule; E fifth leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226332/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE0436C7B512593FFF1588FE4E64B93E" blockId="2.[151,1436,798,1942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
Antennule (
<figureCitation id="76802A42B512593FFE8288FE4A88B8AE" box="[336,405,1197,1222]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1867,1889]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1845]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Labidocera rotunda female: A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, right lateral view; C, urosome, ventral view; D, antennule; E fifth leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226332/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D) 24-segmented, posterior margin of second to 12th segments fringed with fine hairs; ancestral segment II to IV, XXVII to XXVIII completely fused, and VIII and IX incompletely separated. Fusion pattern and setal formula as follows:
<date id="9A051007B512593FFD9788A54977B966" box="[581,618,1270,1294]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">I3</date>
+ae (aesthetasc), II
<date id="9A051007B512593FFC8688A54892B966" box="[852,911,1270,1294]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">IV4</date>
+ae,
<date id="9A051007B512593FFC1788A548EAB966" box="[965,1015,1270,1294]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">V2</date>
+ae,
<date id="9A051007B512593FFBFC88A54F76B966" box="[1070,1131,1270,1294]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">VI2</date>
,
<date id="9A051007B512593FFBAA88A54FA3B966" box="[1144,1214,1270,1294]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">VII2</date>
+ae, VIII
<date id="9A051007B512593FFAE788A54E6DB966" box="[1333,1392,1270,1294]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">IX4</date>
+ae,
<date id="9A051007B512593FFF4589494BCCB95A" box="[151,209,1306,1330]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">X 2</date>
,
<date id="9A051007B512593FFF0F89494A07B95A" box="[221,282,1306,1330]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">XI2</date>
+ae,
<date id="9A051007B512593FFE9C89494A89B95A" box="[334,404,1306,1330]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">XII2</date>
, XIII2+ae, XIV2+ae, XV2+ae, XVI2+ae, XVII2+ae, XVII2+ae, XVIII2+ae, XIX 2+ae, XX2+ae, XXI2+ae, XXII1, XXIII1, XXIV1+1, XXV1+1+ae, XXVI1+1, XXVIIXXVIII4+ae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE0436C7B512593FFF158932485EB98E" blockId="2.[151,1436,798,1942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
Fifth leg (
<figureCitation id="76802A42B512593FFEEE89324A60B912" box="[316,381,1377,1402]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1867,1889]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1845]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Labidocera rotunda female: A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, right lateral view; C, urosome, ventral view; D, antennule; E fifth leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226332/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
E) asymmetrical; coxa and intercoxal sclerite completely fused; basis with outer seta; right exopodal segment with small intercalary denticle between unequal apical processes, two to five unequal denticles along inner margin and 2 outer setae; left exopodal segment with 2 unequal processes distally and 2 outer setae; both endopods with nine denticles or, sometimes, reductions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE0436C7B512593FFF1589A24AB3BA1E" blockId="2.[151,1436,798,1942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B512593FFF1589A24A19BA62" bold="true" box="[199,260,1521,1546]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Male</emphasis>
: Body length
<quantity id="29439B22B512593FFE7489A24957BA61" box="[422,586,1521,1546]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.965" metricValueMax="2.31" metricValueMin="1.62" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="1.965" valueMax="2.31" valueMin="1.62">1.622.31 mm</quantity>
(n=20). Prosome more compact than in female with well-developed dorsal lenses: posterior corners of prosome asymmetrical, right corner bifurcate with minute denticles between processes (
<figureCitation id="76802A42B512593FFF4D8A6A4BF9BA3A" box="[159,228,1593,1618]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1677,1699]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,196,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[156,1432,193,1656]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Labidocera rotunda male: A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, right lateral view; C, right antennule; D, ancestral segments XIX to XXIV of right antennule; E, fifth leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226333/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A, B). Urosome of 5 free somites: genital somite wider than long, with spine ventrally; anal somite and caudal rami partly fused.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE0436C7B512593FFF158AD24A77BBFE" blockId="2.[151,1436,798,1942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
Antennule (
<figureCitation id="76802A42B512593FFE988AD24A91BAF2" box="[330,396,1665,1690]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1677,1699]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,196,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[156,1432,193,1656]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Labidocera rotunda male: A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, right lateral view; C, right antennule; D, ancestral segments XIX to XXIV of right antennule; E, fifth leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226333/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C) geniculate on right side only, left one resembling that of females: right one indistinctly 13- segmented; segments XIIXIV with arthrodial membranes incompletely formed, segments IIIV, XV and XVI, XXIXXIII completely fused. Fusion pattern and setal formula as follows:
<date id="9A051007B512593FFC258A994F01BA8A" box="[1015,1052,1738,1762]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">I3</date>
+ae, II
<date id="9A051007B512593FFBA58A994FAFBA8A" box="[1143,1202,1738,1762]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">IV4</date>
+ae, V
<date id="9A051007B512593FFAD98A994E4FBA8A" box="[1291,1362,1738,1762]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" value="1914-11">XI14</date>
+4 aes (aesthetascs), XIIXIV6+2 aes, XVXVI4+2 aes, XVII2+ae, XVIII2+ae, XIX1+p (hooked process)+ae, XX 1+p+ae, XXIXXIII2+p+ae, XXIV1+1+p, XXV1+1+ae, XXVIXXVIII6+ae. Segment XIX with anterior setiform process, segment XX and compound segment XXIXXIII with toothed ridge provided with serrated denticles, respectively, and segment XXIV with spur-like process distally, expanding to middle of next segment (
<figureCitation id="76802A42B512593FFED68B2E4A5ABBFE" box="[260,327,1917,1942]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1677,1699]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,196,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[156,1432,193,1656]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Labidocera rotunda male: A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, right lateral view; C, right antennule; D, ancestral segments XIX to XXIV of right antennule; E, fifth leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226333/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
<caption id="BAC4664FB513593EFF458B184A69BB17" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226332/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" targetBox="[152,1435,193,1842]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="EE0436C7B513593EFF458B184A69BB17" blockId="3.[151,1435,1867,1919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B513593EFF458B184A09BB08" bold="true" box="[151,276,1867,1889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B513593EFEC98B184AFABB09" box="[283,487,1867,1889]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B513593EFEC98B184AFABB09" box="[283,487,1867,1889]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Labidocera rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female: A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, right lateral view; C, urosome, ventral view; D, antennule; E fifth leg.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="BAC4664FB5145939FF458ADE49DEBAAA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226333/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" targetBox="[163,1428,196,1656]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="EE0436C7B5145939FF458ADE49DEBAAA" blockId="4.[151,1436,1677,1730]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B5145939FF458ADE4A0EBACB" bold="true" box="[151,275,1677,1699]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B5145939FEC98ADE4AFBBACB" box="[283,486,1677,1699]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B5145939FEC98ADE4AFBBACB" box="[283,486,1677,1699]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Labidocera rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male: A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, right lateral view; C, right antennule; D, ancestral segments XIX to XXIV of right antennule; E, fifth leg.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="EE0436C7B5145939FF158ABA4BCEBBDD" blockId="4.[151,1436,1769,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">
Fifth leg (
<figureCitation id="76802A42B5145939FEEA8ABA4A66BB6A" box="[312,379,1769,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1677,1699]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,196,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[156,1432,193,1656]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Labidocera rotunda male: A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, right lateral view; C, right antennule; D, ancestral segments XIX to XXIV of right antennule; E, fifth leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226333/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E) uniramous and asymmetrical: coxa of left exopod coalescent with intercoxal sclerite; right exopod 2-segmented, first segment with conical process, 2 spines and thumb-like process; second segment elongated, curved inwards with 4 spines on the concave surface; left exopod 2-segmented, first segment with bluntly triangular process postero-laterally, second segment with spine-like process proximally, 2 unequal spiniform processes, 2 unequal setiform processes distally, and base of processes proximal to spine-like process apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A6A1654CB514593AFF158B924AE2BB03" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="EE0436C7B5145938FF158B9248B7BDEF" blockId="4.[151,1436,1769,2010]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="186" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B5145939FF158B924A26BBB2" bold="true" box="[199,315,1985,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Remarks.</emphasis>
In Korean waters, some female specimens of
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B5145939FC988B9148DCBBB2" box="[842,961,1986,2010]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B5145939FC988B9148DCBBB2" box="[842,961,1986,2010]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibited morphological differences such as: 1) posterior corners of prosome with triangular processes are extending to one-third of the genital doublesomite (
<figureCitation id="76802A42B5155938FF208CEF4A29BCBC" box="[242,308,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,453,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[155,1432,445,1771]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Labidocera rotunda female variant: A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, right lateral view; C, urosome, ventral view; D &amp; E, fifth leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226334/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A, B), 2) the genital double-somite is having four spiniform processes ventro-laterally (
<figureCitation id="76802A42B5155938FAC48CEF4E47BCBC" box="[1302,1370,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,453,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[155,1432,445,1771]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Labidocera rotunda female variant: A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, right lateral view; C, urosome, ventral view; D &amp; E, fifth leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226334/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C), 3) the second urosomite is having a small knob on right antero-lateral surface (
<figureCitation id="76802A42B5155938FBF98C8C4F6EBC90" box="[1067,1139,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,453,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[155,1432,445,1771]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Labidocera rotunda female variant: A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, right lateral view; C, urosome, ventral view; D &amp; E, fifth leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226334/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C), 4) the caudal rami is symmetrical (
<figureCitation id="76802A42B5155938FEE08D574A69BD74" box="[306,372,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,453,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[155,1432,445,1771]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Labidocera rotunda female variant: A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, right lateral view; C, urosome, ventral view; D &amp; E, fifth leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226334/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A, C), and 5) the length is similar between the apical processes on the exopod of the fifth leg (
<figureCitation id="76802A42B5155938FF4D8D744BFFBD28" box="[159,226,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,453,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[155,1432,445,1771]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Labidocera rotunda female variant: A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, right lateral view; C, urosome, ventral view; D &amp; E, fifth leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226334/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
D, E).
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B5155938FEE28D744923BD28" author="Chen" box="[304,574,295,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Chen, Q. C. &amp; Zhang S. Z. (1965) The planktonic copepods of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. 1. Calanoida. Studia Marina Sinica 7, 131 pp. [in Chinese with English summary]" type="book" year="1965">Chen and Zhang (1965)</bibRefCitation>
described females having the aforementioned features as a variety, together with the typical form of
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B5155938FE7B8D1E4902BD0C" box="[425,543,332,356]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B5155938FE7B8D1E4902BD0C" box="[425,543,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the East
<collectingCountry id="96AC7657B5155938FD178D1F4815BD0D" box="[709,776,332,357]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">China</collectingCountry>
Sea.
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B5155938FC978D1F4F57BD0C" box="[837,1098,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Fleminger, A., Othman, B. H. R. &amp; Greenwood, J. G. (1982) The Labidocera pectinata group: an Indo-West Pacific lineage of planktonic copepods with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Plankton Research, 4, 245 - 270. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / plankt / 4.2.245" type="journal article">
Fleminger
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B5155938FC128D1E48E4BD0C" box="[960,1017,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">et al.</emphasis>
(1982)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B5155938FB538D1F4E81BD0D" author="Othman" box="[1153,1436,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Othman, B. H. R. &amp; Toda, T. (2006) Pontellid copepods from Singapore. Coastal Marine Science, 30, 305 - 319." type="journal article" year="2006">Othman and Toda (2006)</bibRefCitation>
also found some discrepancies in the individuals of female
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B5155938FCFC8D2248B9BDE0" box="[814,932,368,392]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B5155938FCFC8D2248B9BDE0" box="[814,932,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="BAC4664FB5155938FF458B534A61BB5D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226334/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" targetBox="[155,1428,453,1765]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="EE0436C7B5155938FF458B534A61BB5D" blockId="5.[151,1435,1792,1845]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B5155938FF458B534A08BB7D" bold="true" box="[151,277,1792,1814]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B5155938FECF8B534AF7BB7E" box="[285,490,1792,1814]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B5155938FECF8B534AF7BB7E" box="[285,490,1792,1814]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Labidocera rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female variant: A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, right lateral view; C, urosome, ventral view; D &amp; E, fifth leg.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="EE0436C7B515593BFF158B0F4882BD75" blockId="5.[151,1436,1884,2017]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B5155938FF158B0F4ABEBB1D" bold="true" box="[199,419,1884,1909]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Molecular results.</emphasis>
The genetic analysis was obtained for 5 pontellid species (
<tableCitation id="A339037CB5155938FB8F8B0F4FA8BB1D" box="[1117,1205,1884,1909]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,239,397,420]" captionTargetBox="[159,1400,530,1006]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="TABLE 1. Sampling information of pontellid species for molecular analysis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BAC4664FB511593CFF458DDE48D1BDCC" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" tableUuid="BAC4664FB511593CFF458DDE48D1BDCC">Table 1</tableCitation>
). The sequences of mt16S rRNA and mtCOI differed by 1.4%2.9% among a 286 base-pair region and by 3.7%4.7% among a 616 base-pair region between the typical form of
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B5155938FD418BF64815BBD5" box="[659,776,1957,1981]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B5155938FD418BF64815BBD5" box="[659,776,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its variant, respectively (
<tableCitation id="A339037CB5155938FB868BF74FABBBD5" box="[1108,1206,1956,1981]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,239,327,350]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,410,1464]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Pairwise percent differences for 16 S rRNA sequences between individual females of Labidocera rotunda and L. japonica." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BAC4664FB516593BFF458D144A0ABD17" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" tableUuid="BAC4664FB516593BFF458D144A0ABD17">Tables 2</tableCitation>
, 3). The cladograms obtained indicate a monophyletic clade, suggesting a lack of divergence at the species level despite considerable morphological differences (
<figureCitation id="76802A42B516593BFE198CC4490DBCD8" box="[459,528,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1376,1398]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,201,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[156,1430,193,1354]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cladograms for 16 S rRNA (A) and mtCOI (B) between individual females of Labidocera rotunda and L. japonica based on NJ analysis. Pontellosis yamadae and Pontella chierchiae are outgroups. Numbers at branch point indicate bootstrap values for NJ / ML / MP / BP analyses among 1000 pseudoreplicates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226336/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). On the other hand, intraspecific differences were observed for the mt16S rRNA and mtCOI of
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFE918CEE4AD1BCBC" box="[323,460,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B516593BFE918CEE4AD5BCBC" box="[323,456,189,212]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">L. japonica</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which is morphologically very similar to
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B516593BFC6B8CEE4F2FBCBC" box="[953,1074,188,212]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFC6B8CEE4F2FBCBC" box="[953,1074,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The differences were between 6.1%7.2 % for a 286 base-pair region of 16S rRNA and 15.1%16.7% for a 616 base-pair region of mtCOI. The cladograms also demonstrated separation at the species level (
<figureCitation id="76802A42B516593BFC9F8D57488CBD75" box="[845,913,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1376,1398]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,201,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[156,1430,193,1354]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cladograms for 16 S rRNA (A) and mtCOI (B) between individual females of Labidocera rotunda and L. japonica based on NJ analysis. Pontellosis yamadae and Pontella chierchiae are outgroups. Numbers at branch point indicate bootstrap values for NJ / ML / MP / BP analyses among 1000 pseudoreplicates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226336/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="BAC4664FB516593BFF458D144A0ABD17" ID-Table-UUID="BAC4664FB516593BFF458D144A0ABD17" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BAC4664FB516593BFF458D144A0ABD17" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" targetBox="[151,1436,410,1464]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="EE0436C7B516593BFF458D144A0ABD17" blockId="6.[151,1435,327,383]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFF458D144A15BD36" bold="true" box="[151,264,327,350]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Pairwise percent differences for 16S rRNA sequences between individual females of
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B516593BFB488D144E6DBD36" box="[1178,1392,327,350]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFB488D144E6DBD36" box="[1178,1392,327,350]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Labidocera rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B516593BFF458D3B4A0DBD17" box="[151,272,360,383]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFF458D3B4A0DBD17" box="[151,272,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">L. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="EE0436C7B516593BFDAF8DC94A06B9D0" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
<table id="9CBBC467B516A6C2FF458DC94E81B9D0" box="[151,1436,410,1464]" gridcols="4" gridrows="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
<tr id="508B3485B516A6C2FF458DC94E81BDD8" box="[151,1436,410,432]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
<th id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FF458DC949AABDD8" box="[151,695,410,432]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">1</th>
<th id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FD6C8DC948E3BDD8" box="[702,1022,410,432]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">2</th>
<th id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FBD78DC94F45BDD8" box="[1029,1112,410,432]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">3</th>
<th id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FB8D8DC94E81BDD8" box="[1119,1436,410,432]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">4</th>
</tr>
<tr id="508B3485B516A6C2FF458D974E81BDB2" box="[151,1436,452,474]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FF458D9749AABDB2" box="[151,695,452,474]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
1
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B516593BFF088D964A50BDB2" box="[218,333,453,474]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFF088D964A50BDB2" box="[218,333,453,474]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">L. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-ES (
<accessionNumber id="F1E8AB24B516593BFE528D974AF6BDB2" box="[384,491,452,474]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ740744" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">JQ740744</accessionNumber>
)
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="508B3485B516A6C2FF458DBE4E81BE6B" box="[151,1436,493,515]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FF458DBE49AABE6B" box="[151,695,493,515]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
2
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B516593BFF088DBD4A59BE6B" box="[218,324,493,515]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFF088DBD4A59BE6B" box="[218,324,493,515]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-ES (
<accessionNumber id="F1E8AB24B516593BFEA58DBE4AFFBE6B" box="[375,482,493,515]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ740741" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">JQ740741</accessionNumber>
) 6.1
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="508B3485B516A6C2FF458E454E81BE45" box="[151,1436,534,557]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FF458E4549AABE45" box="[151,695,534,557]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
3
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B516593BFF088E4B4A59BE44" box="[218,324,534,557]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFF088E4B4A59BE44" box="[218,324,534,557]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-YS (
<accessionNumber id="F1E8AB24B516593BFEA88E454AF8BE44" box="[378,485,534,556]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ740742" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">JQ740742</accessionNumber>
) 6.5
</th>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FD6C8E4548E3BE45" box="[702,1022,534,557]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">1.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="508B3485B516A6C2FF458E134E81BE3E" box="[151,1436,576,598]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FF458E1349AABE3E" box="[151,695,576,598]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
4
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B516593BFF088E124A59BE3E" box="[218,324,576,598]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFF088E124A59BE3E" box="[218,324,576,598]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-ECS (
<accessionNumber id="F1E8AB24B516593BFE5A8E134AEEBE3E" box="[392,499,576,598]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ740740" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">JQ740740</accessionNumber>
) 6.1
</th>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FD6C8E1348E3BE3E" box="[702,1022,576,598]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">0</td>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FBD78E134F45BE3E" box="[1029,1112,576,598]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">1.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="508B3485B516A6C2FF458E3A4E81BE17" box="[151,1436,617,639]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
<th id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FF458E3A49AABE17" box="[151,695,617,639]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
5
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B516593BFF0B8E394A5FBE17" box="[217,322,617,639]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFF0B8E394A5FBE17" box="[217,322,617,639]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
variant-ECS (
<accessionNumber id="F1E8AB24B516593BFE068E3A4922BE17" box="[468,575,617,639]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ740743" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">JQ740743</accessionNumber>
) 7.2
</th>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FD6C8E3A48E3BE17" box="[702,1022,617,639]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">1.4</td>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FBD78E3A4F45BE17" box="[1029,1112,617,639]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">1.4</td>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FB8D8E3A4E81BE17" box="[1119,1436,617,639]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">2.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="508B3485B516A6C2FF458E974E81BE93" box="[151,1436,708,763]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
<th id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FF458E9749AABE93" box="[151,695,708,763]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFF458E974A17BEB3" bold="true" box="[151,266,708,731]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
Pairwise percent differences for mtCOI
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B516593BFF458EB74BE9BE93" box="[151,244,740,763]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFF458EB74BE9BE93" box="[151,244,740,763]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</th>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FD6C8E9748E3BE93" box="[702,1022,708,763]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">sequences between individual</td>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FBD78E974F45BE93" box="[1029,1112,708,763]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">females</td>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FB8D8E974E81BE93" box="[1119,1436,708,763]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
of
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B516593BFBAE8E974E4FBEB3" box="[1148,1362,708,731]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFBAE8E974E4FBEB3" box="[1148,1362,708,731]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Labidocera rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFA548E974E81BEB3" box="[1414,1436,708,731]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">L.</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="508B3485B516A6C2FF458F454E81BF44" box="[151,1436,790,812]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
<th id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FF458F4549AABF44" box="[151,695,790,812]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">1 2</th>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FD6C8F4548E3BF44" box="[702,1022,790,812]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">3 4 5 6</td>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FBD78F454F45BF44" box="[1029,1112,790,812]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">7</td>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FB8D8F454E81BF44" box="[1119,1436,790,812]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">8 9 10 11</td>
</tr>
<tr id="508B3485B516A6C2FF458F134E81BF3E" box="[151,1436,832,854]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FF458F1349AABF3E" box="[151,695,832,854]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
1
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B516593BFF0A8F124A56BF3E" box="[216,331,833,854]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFF0A8F124A56BF3E" box="[216,331,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">L. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-ES (
<accessionNumber id="F1E8AB24B516593BFEAC8F134AF4BF3E" box="[382,489,832,854]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ714069" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">JQ714069</accessionNumber>
)
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="508B3485B516A6C2FF458F3A4E81BF17" box="[151,1436,873,895]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FF458F3A49AABF17" box="[151,695,873,895]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
2
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B516593BFF0A8F394A5CBF17" box="[216,321,873,895]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFF0A8F394A5CBF17" box="[216,321,873,895]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-ES1 (
<accessionNumber id="F1E8AB24B516593BFE538F3A4AF0BF17" box="[385,493,873,895]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ714061" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">JQ714061</accessionNumber>
) 16.7
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="508B3485B516A6C2FF458FC14E81BFC0" box="[151,1436,914,936]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FF458FC149AABFC0" box="[151,695,914,936]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
3
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B516593BFF0A8FC04A5CBFC0" box="[216,321,914,936]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFF0A8FC04A5CBFC0" box="[216,321,914,936]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ES2 (
<accessionNumber id="F1E8AB24B516593BFE578FC14AEDBFC0" box="[389,496,914,936]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ714062" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">JQ714062</accessionNumber>
) 16.7 0
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="508B3485B516A6C2FF458FEF4E81BFBA" box="[151,1436,956,978]" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FF458FEF49AABFBA" box="[151,695,956,978]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
4
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B516593BFF0A8FEE4A5CBFBA" box="[216,321,956,978]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFF0A8FEE4A5CBFBA" box="[216,321,956,978]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ES3 (
<accessionNumber id="F1E8AB24B516593BFE548FEF4AEDBFBA" box="[390,496,956,978]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ714063" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">JQ714063</accessionNumber>
) 16.7 0
</th>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FD6C8FEF48E3BFBA" box="[702,1022,956,978]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="508B3485B516A6C2FF458FB64E81BF93" box="[151,1436,997,1019]" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FF458FB649AABF93" box="[151,695,997,1019]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
5
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B516593BFF0A8FB54A5CBF93" box="[216,321,997,1019]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFF0A8FB54A5CBF93" box="[216,321,997,1019]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-YS1 (
<accessionNumber id="F1E8AB24B516593BFE568FB64AF2BF93" box="[388,495,997,1019]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ714065" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">JQ714065</accessionNumber>
) 16.4 2.3
</th>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FD6C8FB648E3BF93" box="[702,1022,997,1019]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">2.3 2.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="508B3485B516A6C2FF45885D4E81B84D" box="[151,1436,1038,1061]" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FF45885D49AAB84D" box="[151,695,1038,1061]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
6
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B516593BFF0A88434A5CB84C" box="[216,321,1038,1061]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFF0A88434A5CB84C" box="[216,321,1038,1061]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
YS2 (
<accessionNumber id="F1E8AB24B516593BFE5A885D4AEEB84C" box="[392,499,1038,1060]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ714066" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">JQ714066</accessionNumber>
) 16.4 2.3
</th>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FD6C885D48E3B84D" box="[702,1022,1038,1061]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">2.3 2.3 0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="508B3485B516A6C2FF45886B4E81B826" box="[151,1436,1080,1102]" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FF45886B49AAB826" box="[151,695,1080,1102]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
7
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B516593BFF0A886A4A5CB826" box="[216,321,1080,1102]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFF0A886A4A5CB826" box="[216,321,1080,1102]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ECS1 (
<accessionNumber id="F1E8AB24B516593BFE44886B491CB826" box="[406,513,1080,1102]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ714058" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">JQ714058</accessionNumber>
) 16.1 2.9
</th>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FD6C886B48E3B826" box="[702,1022,1080,1102]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">2.9 2.9 3.1 3.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="508B3485B516A6C2FF4588324E81B81F" box="[151,1436,1121,1143]" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FF45883249AAB81F" box="[151,695,1121,1143]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
8
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B516593BFF0A88314A5CB81F" box="[216,321,1121,1143]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFF0A88314A5CB81F" box="[216,321,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ECS2 (
<accessionNumber id="F1E8AB24B516593BFE448832491CB81F" box="[406,513,1121,1143]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ714059" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">JQ714059</accessionNumber>
) 16.4 4.6
</th>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FD6C883248E3B81F" box="[702,1022,1121,1143]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">3.4 3.4 3.4 3.1</td>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FBD788324F45B81F" box="[1029,1112,1121,1143]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">3.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="508B3485B516A6C2FF4588D94E81B8C8" box="[151,1436,1162,1184]" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
<th id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FF4588D949AAB8C8" box="[151,695,1162,1184]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
9
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B516593BFF0A88D84A5CB8C8" box="[216,321,1162,1184]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFF0A88D84A5CB8C8" box="[216,321,1162,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ECS3 (
<accessionNumber id="F1E8AB24B516593BFE4488D9491FB8C8" box="[406,514,1162,1184]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ714060" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">JQ714060</accessionNumber>
) 15.9 2.8
</th>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FD6C88D948E3B8C8" box="[702,1022,1162,1184]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">2.0 2.0 2.0 2.6</td>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FBD788D94F45B8C8" box="[1029,1112,1162,1184]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">2.6</td>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FB8D88D94E81B8C8" box="[1119,1436,1162,1184]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">3.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="508B3485B516A6C2FF4588E74E81B8A2" box="[151,1436,1204,1226]" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
<th id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FF4588E749AAB8A2" box="[151,695,1204,1226]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
10
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B516593BFF0A88E64A5CB8A2" box="[216,321,1204,1226]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFF0A88E64A5CB8A2" box="[216,321,1204,1226]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
JW1 (
<accessionNumber id="F1E8AB24B516593BFE5888E74AE8B8A2" box="[394,501,1204,1226]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ714067" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">JQ714067</accessionNumber>
) 16.4 1.1
</th>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FD6C88E748E3B8A2" box="[702,1022,1204,1226]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">3.1 3.1 3.1 3.3</td>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FBD788E74F45B8A2" box="[1029,1112,1204,1226]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">3.3</td>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FB8D88E74E81B8A2" box="[1119,1436,1204,1226]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">4.4 2.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="508B3485B516A6C2FF45888E4E81B89B" box="[151,1436,1245,1267]" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
<th id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FF45888E49AAB89B" box="[151,695,1245,1267]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
11
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B516593BFF0A888D4A5CB89B" box="[216,321,1245,1267]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFF0A888D4A5CB89B" box="[216,321,1245,1267]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
JW2 (
<accessionNumber id="F1E8AB24B516593BFE58888E4AE8B89B" box="[394,501,1245,1267]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ714068" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">JQ714068</accessionNumber>
) 16.6 1.3
</th>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FD6C888E48E3B89B" box="[702,1022,1245,1267]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4</td>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FBD7888E4F45B89B" box="[1029,1112,1245,1267]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">3.4</td>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FB8D888E4E81B89B" box="[1119,1436,1245,1267]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">4.6 3.1 0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="508B3485B516A6C2FF4589554E81B953" box="[151,1436,1286,1339]" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
<th id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FF45895549AAB953" box="[151,695,1286,1339]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
12
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B516593BFF0A895B4A5CB974" box="[216,321,1286,1309]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFF0A895B4A5CB974" box="[216,321,1286,1309]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
variant-ECS 15.1 4.4 (
<accessionNumber id="F1E8AB24B516593BFF0D89764A54B953" box="[223,329,1317,1339]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ714064" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">JQ714064</accessionNumber>
)
</th>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FD6C895548E3B953" box="[702,1022,1286,1339]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">4.2 4.2 4.2 3.9</td>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FBD789554F45B953" box="[1029,1112,1286,1339]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">3.9</td>
<td id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FB8D89554E81B953" box="[1119,1436,1286,1339]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">3.9 3.7 4.6 4.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="508B3485B516A6C2FF4589CD4E81B9D0" box="[151,1436,1438,1464]" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="135A5DF9B516A6C2FF4589CD49AAB9D0" box="[151,695,1438,1464]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Discussion</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE0436C7B516593BFF4589B64A22BB2A" blockId="6.[151,1436,1509,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
Pontellid species show a considerable intraspecific variation in complex, sexually modified structures and, as a result, display different phenotypes (
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B516593BFDEC8A5A482FBA4A" author="Chen" box="[574,818,1545,1570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Chen, Q. C. &amp; Zhang S. Z. (1965) The planktonic copepods of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. 1. Calanoida. Studia Marina Sinica 7, 131 pp. [in Chinese with English summary]" type="book" year="1965">Chen &amp; Zhang 1965</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B516593BFC908A5A4F5CBA4A" author="Fleminger" box="[834,1089,1545,1570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Fleminger, A. (1967) Taxonomy, distribution and polymorphism in the Labidocera jollae group with remarks on evolution within the group (Copepoda: Calanoida). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 120, 1 - 61. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.120 - 3567.1" type="journal article" year="1967">
Fleminger
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFC6D8A5948E6BA49" box="[959,1019,1545,1569]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">et al.</emphasis>
1967
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B516593BFB9D8A5A4E3EBA4A" author="Zheng" box="[1103,1315,1545,1570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Zheng, Z., Li S. J. &amp; Chen, B. (1982) Marine planktonic copepods in Chinese waters. Shanghai Scientific and Technological Press, Shanghai, 162 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1982">
Zheng
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFB708A594FC0BA49" box="[1186,1245,1545,1569]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">et al.</emphasis>
1982
</bibRefCitation>
). Of these species,
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B516593BFF2A8A7D4A6CBA2D" box="[248,369,1581,1605]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFF2A8A7D4A6CBA2D" box="[248,369,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showed some extreme morphological variability in its female genital double-somite, second urosomite, caudal rami, and fifth legs. Such morphological differences, in particular, in the structures that function in mating might be enough to establish a new candidate species, as in similar cases of other centropagoid species (
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B516593BFF4C8ACA4A4ABADA" author="Fleminger" box="[158,343,1689,1714]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Fleminger, A. (1975) Geographical distribution and morphological divergence in Americal coastal-zone planktonic copepods of the genus Labidocera. Estuarine Research, 1, 392 - 419." type="journal article" year="1975">Fleminger 1975</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B516593BFEB68ACA4988BADA" author="Blade" box="[356,661,1689,1714]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Blades, P. I. &amp; Youngbluth, M. J. (1979) Mating behavior of Labidocera aestiva (Copepoda: Calanoida). Marine Biology, 51, 339 - 355. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 00389212" type="journal article" year="1979">Blade &amp; Youngbluth 1979</bibRefCitation>
; Barthlélémy
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFCE78AC94872BAD9" box="[821,879,1689,1713]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">et al.</emphasis>
1998, 1999;
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B516593BFBDA8ACA4FA4BADA" author="Soh" box="[1032,1209,1689,1714]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Soh, H. Y., Suh, H. - L. &amp; Ohtsuka, S. (2001) The first record of two demersal calanoid copepods, Pseudodiaptomus poplesia and P. nihonkaiensis in Korea, with remarks on morphology of the genital area. Hydrobiologia, 448, 203 - 215." type="journal article" year="2001">
Soh
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFBEE8AC94F6BBAD9" box="[1084,1142,1689,1713]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B516593BFB158AC94E1FBADA" author="Soh" box="[1223,1282,1690,1714]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Soh, H. Y., Kwon, S. W., Lee, W. &amp; Yoon, Y. H. (2012) A new Pseudodiaptomus (Copepoda, Calanoida) from Korea supported by molecular data. Zootaxa, 3368, 229 - 244." type="journal article" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B516593BFADD8ACA4BCEBABE" author="Walter" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Walter, T. C., Ohtsuka, S., Putchakarn, S., Pinkaew, K. &amp; Chullasorn, S. (2002) Redescription of two species of Pseudodiaptomus from Asia and Australia (Crustacea: Copepoda: Calanoida: Pseudodiaptomidae) with discussion of the female genital structure and zoogeography of Indo-West Pacific species. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 115, 650 - 669." type="journal article" year="2002">
Walter
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFAB08AC94E81BAD9" box="[1378,1436,1689,1713]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B516593BFF0D8AED4AACBABE" author="Jeong" box="[223,433,1725,1750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Jeong, H. G., Suh, H. - L., Jeong, S. B., Yoon, Y. H. &amp; Soh H. Y. (2009 a) Labidocera species (Copepoda: Pontellidae) in waters of the Tsushima Warm Current with notes on their genital structure and zoogeography. Zoological Studies, 48, 508 - 523." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="a">
Jeong
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFEFB8AED4A7FBABD" box="[297,354,1725,1749]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">et al.</emphasis>
2009a
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B516593BFE6C8AEE491ABABE" author="Jeong" box="[446,519,1725,1750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Jeong, H. G., Suh, H. - L. &amp; Soh H. Y. (2009 b) Pontellopsis species (Copepoda, Pontellidae) in the Korean waters, with notes on the female genital structures and their zoogeography. Animal Cells and Systems, 13, 187 - 203." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="b">2009b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B516593BFDC68AEE4835BABE" author="Sakaguch" box="[532,808,1725,1750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Sakaguchi, S. O. &amp; Ueda, H. (2010) A new species of Pseudodiaptomus (Copepoda: Calanoida) from Japan, with notes on the closely related P. inopinus Burckhardt, 1913 from Kyushu Island. Zootaxa, 2623, 52 - 68." type="journal article" year="2010">Sakaguch &amp; Ueda 2010</bibRefCitation>
). Recently, however, molecular analysis has provided a useful tool in identifying cryptic species as well as extensive intraspecific morphological variants, and in elucidating evolutionary relationships (
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B516593BFD9D8B564830BB76" author="Bucklin" box="[591,813,1797,1822]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Bucklin, A., Guarnieri, M., Hill, R. S., Bentley, A. M. &amp; Kaartvedt, S. (1999) Taxonomic and systematic assessment of planktonic copepods using mitochondrial COI segquence variation and competitive species-specific PCR. Hydrobiologia, 401, 239 - 254. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 011 - 4201 - 4 _ 18" type="journal article" year="1999">
Bucklin
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFD638B5549F7BB75" box="[689,746,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">et al.</emphasis>
1999
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B516593BFCEA8B554869BB76" author="Bucklin" box="[824,884,1798,1822]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Bucklin A., Frost B. W., Bradford-Grieve J., Allen L. D. &amp; Copley N. J. (2003) Molecular systematic and phylogenetic assessment of 34 calanoid copepod species of the Calanidae and Clausocalanidae. Marine Biology, 142, 333 - 343." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B516593BFC528B554F0EBB76" author="Goetze" box="[896,1043,1798,1822]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Goetze, E. (2003) Cryptic speciation on the high seas; global phylogenetics of the copepod family Eucalanidae. Proceeding of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 270, 2321 - 2331. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2003.2505" type="journal article" year="2003">Goetze 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B516593BFBCD8B564E06BB76" author="Ueda" box="[1055,1307,1797,1822]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Ueda, H. &amp; Bucklin, A. C. (2006) Acaria (Odontacartia) ohtsukai, a new brackish-water calanoid copepod from Ariake Bay, Japan, with a redescription of the closely related A. pacifica from the Seto Inland Sea. Hydrobiologia, 560, 77 - 91. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 005 - 9513 - 0" type="journal article" year="2006">Ueda &amp; Bucklin 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B516593BFAF58B564A2EBB2A" author="Sakaguchi" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Sakaguchi, S. O. &amp; Ueda, H. (2010) A new species of Pseudodiaptomus (Copepoda: Calanoida) from Japan, with notes on the closely related P. inopinus Burckhardt, 1913 from Kyushu Island. Zootaxa, 2623, 52 - 68." type="journal article" year="2010">Sakaguchi &amp; Ueda 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE0436C7B516593AFF158B1D487EBCBC" blockId="6.[151,1436,1509,2038]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
In the present study, sequence data from two highly variable regions of DNA showed that differences between the typical form of
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B516593BFEAB8B214AECBBE1" box="[377,497,1905,1929]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFEAB8B214AECBBE1" box="[377,497,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its variants were only 1.4%2.9% for 16S rRNA and 3.9%4.7% for mtCOI sequences, despite their pronounced morphological differences. Considering that in calanoid copepods, 16S rRNA and mtCOI genes usually vary by over 7% at the species level (
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B516593BFC878BEA4F32BBBA" author="Bucklin" box="[853,1071,1977,2002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Bucklin, A., Frost, B. W. &amp; Kocher, T. D. (1995) Molecular systematic of six Calanus and three Metridia species (Calanoida: Copepoda). Marine Biology, 121, 655 - 664. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 00349301" type="journal article" year="1995">
Bucklin
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B516593BFC648BE948F3BBB9" box="[950,1006,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">et al.</emphasis>
1995
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B516593BFBEB8BE94F68BBBA" author="Bucklin" box="[1081,1141,1978,2002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Bucklin A., Frost B. W., Bradford-Grieve J., Allen L. D. &amp; Copley N. J. (2003) Molecular systematic and phylogenetic assessment of 34 calanoid copepod species of the Calanidae and Clausocalanidae. Marine Biology, 142, 333 - 343." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
), these data suggested that the variants belong to the same species. Similarly, the sequence differences between the two male morphs of
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B517593AFF458CCB4837BCD8" authority="Soh, Kwon, Lee &amp; Yoon, 2012" authorityName="Soh, Kwon, Lee &amp; Yoon" authorityYear="2012" box="[151,810,151,176]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pseudodiaptomidae" genus="Pseudodiaptomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koreanus">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B517593AFF458CCB4AD7BCD8" box="[151,458,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">Pseudodiaptomus koreanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B517593AFE038CC44837BCD8" author="Soh" box="[465,810,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" refString="Soh, H. Y., Kwon, S. W., Lee, W. &amp; Yoon, Y. H. (2012) A new Pseudodiaptomus (Copepoda, Calanoida) from Korea supported by molecular data. Zootaxa, 3368, 229 - 244." type="journal article" year="2012">Soh, Kwon, Lee &amp; Yoon, 2012</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is low (1.2% for ITS1 region and 3.8% for mtCOI), and they represent variants within a single species (
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B517593AFD758CEF484ABCBC" author="Soh" box="[679,855,188,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" refString="Soh, H. Y., Kwon, S. W., Lee, W. &amp; Yoon, Y. H. (2012) A new Pseudodiaptomus (Copepoda, Calanoida) from Korea supported by molecular data. Zootaxa, 3368, 229 - 244." type="journal article" year="2012">
Soh
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B517593AFD098CEE480EBCBC" box="[731,787,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="BAC4664FB517593AFF4588E24A5EB88D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226335/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" targetBox="[151,1436,285,1155]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="EE0436C7B517593AFF4588E24A5EB88D" blockId="7.[151,1436,1201,1253]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B517593AFF4588E24A0EB8AE" bold="true" box="[151,275,1201,1223]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Scanning electron micrographs of female genital area: A &amp; B,
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B517593AFC7288E14F16B8AF" box="[928,1035,1201,1223]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B517593AFC7288E14F16B8AF" box="[928,1035,1201,1223]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; C &amp; D,
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B517593AFBBF88E14FC5B8AF" box="[1133,1240,1201,1223]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B517593AFBBF88E14FC5B8AF" box="[1133,1240,1201,1223]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
variant. Scale bars indicate 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="EE0436C7B517593AFF1589414AE2BB03" blockId="7.[151,1436,1298,1899]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">
Nevertheless, it is very interesting to note that the morphological and genetic differences are pronounced between the typical form and its variant; the local populations also comprise an independent clade within mtCOI analysis, except for the northeastern population of the East
<collectingCountry id="96AC7657B517593AFC9D8909488FB91B" box="[847,914,1370,1395]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">China</collectingCountry>
Sea (
<figureCitation id="76802A42B517593AFC0A89094F3DB91B" box="[984,1056,1370,1395]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1376,1398]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,201,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[156,1430,193,1354]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cladograms for 16 S rRNA (A) and mtCOI (B) between individual females of Labidocera rotunda and L. japonica based on NJ analysis. Pontellosis yamadae and Pontella chierchiae are outgroups. Numbers at branch point indicate bootstrap values for NJ / ML / MP / BP analyses among 1000 pseudoreplicates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226336/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). On the other hand, the genetic differences between
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B517593AFE53892C4AE5B9FE" box="[385,504,1406,1430]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B517593AFE53892C4AE5B9FE" box="[385,504,1406,1430]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B517593AFDE3892C49AFB9FE" box="[561,690,1407,1430]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B517593AFDE3892C49AFB9FE" box="[561,690,1407,1430]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">L. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were 6.1%7.2% for mt16S rRNA and 15.1%16.7% for mtCOI sequences. Although the differences for 16S rRNA are relatively low for species level separation in calanoid copepods, it is sufficient to separate
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B517593AFDE6899449A8B9B6" box="[564,693,1479,1502]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B517593AFDE6899449A8B9B6" box="[564,693,1479,1502]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">L. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B517593AFD2E8994486FB9B6" box="[764,882,1478,1502]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B517593AFD2E8994486FB9B6" box="[764,882,1478,1502]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as the mtCOI and morphological characteristics are clearly distinguished.
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B517593AFE6F89B94982BA6A" box="[445,671,1514,1538]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B517593AFE6F89B94982BA6A" box="[445,671,1514,1538]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">Labidocera rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B517593AFD0B89B84846BA6A" box="[729,859,1515,1538]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B517593AFD0B89B84846BA6A" box="[729,859,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">L. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are placed in the
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B517593AFBFE89B84F89BA6A" box="[1068,1172,1515,1538]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectinata">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B517593AFBFE89B84F89BA6A" box="[1068,1172,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">pectinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, and display the following diagnostic characteristics: in female, the fifth leg is asymmetrical, the left exopod is long and strongly curved and the endopod is denticulated at apex; in male, the second exopodal segment of left leg is bearing hirsute and short lobiform process medially, and two or three spiniform processes and two setiform aesthete-like processes are located distally (
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B517593AFEAC8A294967BAFB" author="Fleminger" box="[382,634,1658,1683]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" refString="Fleminger, A., Othman, B. H. R. &amp; Greenwood, J. G. (1982) The Labidocera pectinata group: an Indo-West Pacific lineage of planktonic copepods with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Plankton Research, 4, 245 - 270. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / plankt / 4.2.245" type="journal article" year="1982">
Fleminger
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B517593AFE2E8A28492BBAFA" box="[508,566,1658,1682]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">et al.</emphasis>
1982
</bibRefCitation>
; Mulyadi 1997). The distribution of these species overlaps in the East Sea (Sea of
<collectingCountry id="96AC7657B517593AFEF18ACC4A79BADF" box="[291,356,1695,1719]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">Japan</collectingCountry>
) and off northeastern
<collectingCountry id="96AC7657B517593AFDB18ACC49BBBADE" box="[611,678,1695,1718]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">Japan</collectingCountry>
, but the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B517593AFC668ACC4F31BADE" box="[948,1068,1694,1718]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B517593AFC668ACC4F31BADE" box="[948,1068,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
extends to the continental coast south to the Malay Archipelago, off northeastern Sumatra and the Andaman Sea off the southern
<collectingCountry id="96AC7657B517593AFB3F8A904E47BAB3" box="[1261,1370,1731,1755]" name="Myanmar" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
coast (
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B517593AFF4C8AB54A99BA97" author="Razouls" box="[158,388,1766,1791]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" refString="Razouls, C., de Bovee, F. &amp; Kouwenberg, J. (2013) Diversity and geographic distribution of marine planktonic copepods. Available from: http: // copepodes. obs-banyuls. fr / en (accessed 3 April 2013)" type="journal article" year="2013">
Razouls
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B517593AFED68AB44A23BA96" box="[260,318,1766,1790]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
). The presence of
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B517593AFD8B8AB449CCBA96" box="[601,721,1766,1790]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B517593AFD8B8AB449CCBA96" box="[601,721,1766,1790]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Andaman Sea places it in proximity of the easternmost populations of
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B517593AFEEF8B584ADFBB4A" box="[317,450,1803,1826]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectinata">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B517593AFEEF8B584ADFBB4A" box="[317,450,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">L. pectinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="8A2A4B36B517593AFE2E8B5949F2BB4B" author="Fleminger" box="[508,751,1802,1827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" refString="Fleminger, A., Othman, B. H. R. &amp; Greenwood, J. G. (1982) The Labidocera pectinata group: an Indo-West Pacific lineage of planktonic copepods with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Plankton Research, 4, 245 - 270. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / plankt / 4.2.245" type="journal article" year="1982">
Fleminger
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B517593AFDA78B5849B0BB4A" box="[629,685,1802,1826]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">et al.</emphasis>
1982
</bibRefCitation>
). The latter authors also suggested that
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B517593AFB768B584E07BB4A" box="[1188,1306,1802,1826]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B517593AFB768B584E07BB4A" box="[1188,1306,1802,1826]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">L. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might have extended northward in recent postglacial times via the Strait of
<collectingCountry id="96AC7657B517593AFCB18B7D48D8BB2F" box="[867,965,1838,1863]" name="Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">Malacca</collectingCountry>
, while
<taxonomicName id="29BB4D44B517593AFBC48B7C4F8BBB2E" box="[1046,1174,1839,1862]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pontellidae" genus="Labidocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="DCCFEAD5B517593AFBC48B7C4F8BBB2E" box="[1046,1174,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="188">L. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may have undergone a more recent regional speciation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>