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<document id="7B8F08610147B29C7AED286C518F010B" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.181365" ID-GBIF-Dataset="054c3e51-58a4-477c-8ed3-cf546e522202" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="181365" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459832588023" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Grebennikov, Vasily V." docDate="2008" docId="03C2B611FFB7A76EFF3DFE7DFC1BF9B6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01732p053.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1732" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Rioneta Johnson 1975" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="FFFBCE69FFB6A76CFFAAFFD8FF97FF9C" masterDocTitle="A featherwing beetle without wings: re-discovery and second species of Rioneta (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae) from the Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1698223062435" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="A85F0FBA45C23249DED4B2A27314A3B7">A featherwing beetle without wings: re-discovery and second species of Rioneta (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae) from the Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="79067FA074F89DBD7A3CF2A3A76D702E">Grebennikov, Vasily V.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03C2B611FFB7A76EFF3DFE7DFC1BF9B6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6231924" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119358152" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6231924" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2B611FFB7A76EFF3DFE7DFC1BF9B6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C2B611FFB7A76EFF3DFE7DFC1BF9B6" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<subSubSection id="C371548CFFB7A76DFF3DFE7DFDBEFDBB" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD40707FFB7A76DFF3DFE7DFE39FE23" blockId="1.[151,430,421,447]" box="[151,430,421,447]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<heading id="D09CB06BFFB7A76DFF3DFE7DFE39FE23" bold="true" box="[151,430,421,447]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B7C84FFB7A76DFF3DFE7DFE39FE23" ID-CoL="8X7T4" authority="Johnson, 1975" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1975" box="[151,430,421,447]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiliidae" genus="Rioneta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FDB15FFB7A76DFF3DFE7DFE39FE23" bold="true" box="[151,430,421,447]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B91FDB15FFB7A76DFF3DFE7DFF62FE23" bold="true" box="[151,245,421,447]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Rioneta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA7AF6FFB7A76DFF56FE7DFE39FE23" author="Johnson" box="[252,430,421,447]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" refString="Johnson, C. (1975) Mission entomologique du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale aux Monts Uluguru, Tanzanie (L. Berger, N. Leleup et J. Debecker, V - VIII. 1971). 5. Coleoptera: Ptiliidae. Revue de Zoologie Africaine, 89, 719 - 722." type="journal article" year="1975">Johnson, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD40707FFB7A76DFF3DFE28FDBEFDBB" blockId="1.[151,580,496,551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA7AF6FFB7A76DFF3DFE28FEB9FD9B" author="Johnson" box="[151,302,496,519]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" refString="Johnson, C. (1975) Mission entomologique du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale aux Monts Uluguru, Tanzanie (L. Berger, N. Leleup et J. Debecker, V - VIII. 1971). 5. Coleoptera: Ptiliidae. Revue de Zoologie Africaine, 89, 719 - 722." type="journal article" year="1975">Johnson 1975</bibRefCitation>
: 719 (generic description)
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA7AF6FFB7A76DFF3DFDC8FE92FDBB" author="Hall" box="[151,261,528,551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" refString="Hall, E. W. (2000) 17. Ptiliidae Erichson, 1845. In: Atnett, R. H. &amp; Thomas, M. C. (Eds.), American Beetles, vol. I, Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 233 - 246." type="journal article" year="2000">Hall 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 240 (list of Ptiliini genera)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371548CFFB7A76DFF3DFD8FFB98FDEE" box="[151,1039,599,626]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD40707FFB7A76DFF3DFD8FFB98FDEE" blockId="1.[151,1437,599,2026]" box="[151,1039,599,626]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B91FDB15FFB7A76DFF3DFD8FFEAEFDED" bold="true" box="[151,313,599,625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<typeStatus id="54D0B9A5FFB7A76DFF3DFD8FFF43FDED" box="[151,212,599,625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6B7C84FFB7A76DFEEAFD80FD7AFDEE" authority="Johnson, 1975" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1975" box="[320,749,600,626]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiliidae" genus="Rioneta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uluguruensis">
<emphasis id="B91FDB15FFB7A76DFEEAFD80FDADFDED" box="[320,570,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Rioneta uluguruensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA7AF6FFB7A76DFDE8FD80FD7AFDEE" author="Johnson" box="[578,749,600,626]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" refString="Johnson, C. (1975) Mission entomologique du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale aux Monts Uluguru, Tanzanie (L. Berger, N. Leleup et J. Debecker, V - VIII. 1971). 5. Coleoptera: Ptiliidae. Revue de Zoologie Africaine, 89, 719 - 722." type="journal article" year="1975">Johnson, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371548CFFB7A76DFF6CFDA7FEE2FB9E" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD40707FFB7A76DFF6CFDA7FEE2FB9E" blockId="1.[151,1437,599,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B91FDB15FFB7A76DFF6CFDA7FED1FD05" bold="true" box="[198,326,639,665]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C6B7C84FFB7A76DFE79FD58FDB9FD05" box="[467,558,640,665]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiliidae" genus="Rioneta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FDB15FFB7A76DFE79FD58FDB9FD05" box="[467,558,640,665]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Rioneta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from the majority of other
<taxonomicName id="4C6B7C84FFB7A76DFBD9FD58FB42FD06" box="[1139,1237,640,666]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ptiliidae</taxonomicName>
by the complete absence of hind wings and some correlating modifications of the pterothorax and abdominal tergites such as a markedly transverse scutellum (
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB7A76DFDBFFD08FDF9FD76" box="[533,622,720,746]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 33" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1490,1514]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1466]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 23 33. Rioneta uluguruensis, details of morphology. 23 — mesonotum, mesoscutellum, basal part of metascutellum, mesopleuron and basal part of metapleuron, elytra omitted, dorsal; 24 — pterothorax and abdomen, elytra omitted, dorsal; 25 — left metapleuron, lateral; 26 — apex of abdomen showing location of internal glands, dorsal (separately on the left showing right internal gland, enlarged); 27 — fused abdominal tergites VIII IX and partly fused tergite X, dorsal; 28 — abdominal sternites VIII—IX, male, ventral; 29, 30 — spermatheca and sperm pump, partly oblique; 31, 32 — aedeagus with apex directed upwards, dorsal (31) and ventral (32); 33 — abdominal sternite IX, male, ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181369/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
), reduced ridges of the metathorax (
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB7A76DFB8EFD08FBE9FD76" box="[1060,1150,720,746]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 33" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1490,1514]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1466]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 23 33. Rioneta uluguruensis, details of morphology. 23 — mesonotum, mesoscutellum, basal part of metascutellum, mesopleuron and basal part of metapleuron, elytra omitted, dorsal; 24 — pterothorax and abdomen, elytra omitted, dorsal; 25 — left metapleuron, lateral; 26 — apex of abdomen showing location of internal glands, dorsal (separately on the left showing right internal gland, enlarged); 27 — fused abdominal tergites VIII IX and partly fused tergite X, dorsal; 28 — abdominal sternites VIII—IX, male, ventral; 29, 30 — spermatheca and sperm pump, partly oblique; 31, 32 — aedeagus with apex directed upwards, dorsal (31) and ventral (32); 33 — abdominal sternite IX, male, ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181369/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
), the absence of fingerprint-shaped wing-folding patches on abdominal tergites IIV (
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB7A76DFCD6FD20FC46FC8E" box="[892,977,760,786]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 15" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 15. SEM images of Rioneta uluguruensis. 5 — habitus, ventral; 6 — head, ventral; 7 — left fore-tarsus, ventral; 8 — two apical antennomeres, arrow showing groups of sensillae, ventral; 9 — internal surface of meso- and metathorax with metendosternite, two arrows show internal part of lateral longitudinal keel on each side of metaventrite, dorsal; 10 — spermatheca and sperm pump, ventral; 11 — pretothorax and abdomen, arrow showing lateral longitudinal keel on left metaventrite, left elytron removed, fronto-lateral; 12 — pterothorax and abdomen, lateral, left elytron removed, three arrows showing spiracles I III, respectively; 13 — internal surface of abdominal tergites V X, double-pointed central arrow showing fused tergites VIII and IX, two lateral arrows showing remnants of internal apodemae of tergite IX, dorsal; 14 — abdominal apex, both elytra removed, dorsal, vertical double-pointed arrow showing fused tergites VIII and IX, horizontal arrows showing spiracles VIII IV; 15 — right part of abdomen, right elytron removed, dorsal, oblique arrow showing posterior edge of terige VII without wing cleaning (= toiletry) device, vertical arrows showing spiracles VIII III." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181367/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
) and the highly reduced or absent palisade fringe on the posterior edge of abdominal tergite VII (
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB7A76DFCF6FCF8FC22FCA6" box="[860,949,800,826]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 15" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 15. SEM images of Rioneta uluguruensis. 5 — habitus, ventral; 6 — head, ventral; 7 — left fore-tarsus, ventral; 8 — two apical antennomeres, arrow showing groups of sensillae, ventral; 9 — internal surface of meso- and metathorax with metendosternite, two arrows show internal part of lateral longitudinal keel on each side of metaventrite, dorsal; 10 — spermatheca and sperm pump, ventral; 11 — pretothorax and abdomen, arrow showing lateral longitudinal keel on left metaventrite, left elytron removed, fronto-lateral; 12 — pterothorax and abdomen, lateral, left elytron removed, three arrows showing spiracles I III, respectively; 13 — internal surface of abdominal tergites V X, double-pointed central arrow showing fused tergites VIII and IX, two lateral arrows showing remnants of internal apodemae of tergite IX, dorsal; 14 — abdominal apex, both elytra removed, dorsal, vertical double-pointed arrow showing fused tergites VIII and IX, horizontal arrows showing spiracles VIII IV; 15 — right part of abdomen, right elytron removed, dorsal, oblique arrow showing posterior edge of terige VII without wing cleaning (= toiletry) device, vertical arrows showing spiracles VIII III." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181367/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
). From the few other wingless genera of Ptillidae (members of the subfamily Cephaloplectinae distributed in the Neotropical and Australian Regions and the monotypic genus
<taxonomicName id="4C6B7C84FFB7A76DFE62FCA8FD73FC16" authority="Dybas, 1960" authorityName="Dybas" authorityYear="1960" box="[456,740,880,906]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiliidae" genus="Malkinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FDB15FFB7A76DFE62FCA8FDD0FC15" box="[456,583,880,905]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Malkinella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA7AF6FFB7A76DFDE5FCA8FD73FC16" author="Dybas" box="[591,740,880,906]" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" refString="Dybas, H. S. (1960) A new genus of blind beetles from a cave in South Africa. Fieldiana, Zoology, 39, 399 - 405." type="journal article" year="1960">Dybas, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
restricted to the Cape Province of
<collectingCountry id="F37C4797FFB7A76DFB28FCA8FA8BFC16" box="[1154,1308,880,906]" name="South Africa" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">South Africa</collectingCountry>
) the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C6B7C84FFB7A76DFF3DFC40FF65FC2D" box="[151,242,920,945]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiliidae" genus="Rioneta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FDB15FFB7A76DFF3DFC40FF65FC2D" box="[151,242,920,945]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Rioneta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished by the presence of complete lateral longitudinal grooves on the metaventrite (
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB7A76DFF35FC18FF63FC46" box="[159,244,960,986]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 15" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 15. SEM images of Rioneta uluguruensis. 5 — habitus, ventral; 6 — head, ventral; 7 — left fore-tarsus, ventral; 8 — two apical antennomeres, arrow showing groups of sensillae, ventral; 9 — internal surface of meso- and metathorax with metendosternite, two arrows show internal part of lateral longitudinal keel on each side of metaventrite, dorsal; 10 — spermatheca and sperm pump, ventral; 11 — pretothorax and abdomen, arrow showing lateral longitudinal keel on left metaventrite, left elytron removed, fronto-lateral; 12 — pterothorax and abdomen, lateral, left elytron removed, three arrows showing spiracles I III, respectively; 13 — internal surface of abdominal tergites V X, double-pointed central arrow showing fused tergites VIII and IX, two lateral arrows showing remnants of internal apodemae of tergite IX, dorsal; 14 — abdominal apex, both elytra removed, dorsal, vertical double-pointed arrow showing fused tergites VIII and IX, horizontal arrows showing spiracles VIII IV; 15 — right part of abdomen, right elytron removed, dorsal, oblique arrow showing posterior edge of terige VII without wing cleaning (= toiletry) device, vertical arrows showing spiracles VIII III." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181367/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
) and by the unique ring-shaped spermatheca with the sperm pump located inside the ring (
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB7A76DFA81FC18FA00FC46" box="[1323,1431,960,986]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 4" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1516,1540]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,183,1504]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1323,183,1506]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 4. Habitus images of Rioneta beetles. 1 — R. uluguruensis, female, dorsal; 2 — R. uluguruensis, male, ventral; 3 — R. inexpectata sp. n., male, dorsal; 4 — R. inexpectata sp. n., female, ventral. Scale = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181366/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Figs 1, 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB7A76DFF3DFC30FF20FB9E" box="[151,183,1000,1026]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 15" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 15. SEM images of Rioneta uluguruensis. 5 — habitus, ventral; 6 — head, ventral; 7 — left fore-tarsus, ventral; 8 — two apical antennomeres, arrow showing groups of sensillae, ventral; 9 — internal surface of meso- and metathorax with metendosternite, two arrows show internal part of lateral longitudinal keel on each side of metaventrite, dorsal; 10 — spermatheca and sperm pump, ventral; 11 — pretothorax and abdomen, arrow showing lateral longitudinal keel on left metaventrite, left elytron removed, fronto-lateral; 12 — pterothorax and abdomen, lateral, left elytron removed, three arrows showing spiracles I III, respectively; 13 — internal surface of abdominal tergites V X, double-pointed central arrow showing fused tergites VIII and IX, two lateral arrows showing remnants of internal apodemae of tergite IX, dorsal; 14 — abdominal apex, both elytra removed, dorsal, vertical double-pointed arrow showing fused tergites VIII and IX, horizontal arrows showing spiracles VIII IV; 15 — right part of abdomen, right elytron removed, dorsal, oblique arrow showing posterior edge of terige VII without wing cleaning (= toiletry) device, vertical arrows showing spiracles VIII III." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181367/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB7A76DFF69FC30FE98FB9E" box="[195,271,1000,1026]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 33" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1490,1514]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1466]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 23 33. Rioneta uluguruensis, details of morphology. 23 — mesonotum, mesoscutellum, basal part of metascutellum, mesopleuron and basal part of metapleuron, elytra omitted, dorsal; 24 — pterothorax and abdomen, elytra omitted, dorsal; 25 — left metapleuron, lateral; 26 — apex of abdomen showing location of internal glands, dorsal (separately on the left showing right internal gland, enlarged); 27 — fused abdominal tergites VIII IX and partly fused tergite X, dorsal; 28 — abdominal sternites VIII—IX, male, ventral; 29, 30 — spermatheca and sperm pump, partly oblique; 31, 32 — aedeagus with apex directed upwards, dorsal (31) and ventral (32); 33 — abdominal sternite IX, male, ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181369/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">29, 30</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB7A76DFEB1FC30FEFFFB9E" box="[283,360,1000,1026]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 36. 34, 35" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1086,1110]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,194,1061]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,194,1062]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 34 36. 34, 35 — Rioneta uluguruensis, spermatheca, transparent light microscopy images, scale 0.05 mm; 36 — map of Eastern Arc Mountains with arrow showing Uluguru Mountains, the type locality and known area of distribution of both Rioneta species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181370/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">34, 35</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371548CFFB7A76EFF6CFBD7FCD0FA8E" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD40707FFB7A76EFF6CFBD7FE8AFC4E" blockId="1.[151,1437,599,2026]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,1578]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B91FDB15FFB7A76DFF6CFBD7FDFBFBB5" bold="true" box="[198,620,1039,1065]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Description. General appearance.</emphasis>
Body large (1.0 mm and larger); dorsal body surface dull, not shiny; dorsal body pubescence with many short recumbent setae; elytral setae not forming longitudinal rows; body neither markedly flattened nor thickened in vertical dimension; body greyish; color of antennae similar to that of body; wings absent; wing polymorphism absent or unknown.
<emphasis id="B91FDB15FFB7A76DFC36FB5FFC71FB3D" bold="true" box="[924,998,1159,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Head.</emphasis>
Posterior of eyes without transverse groove or foveae dorsally; frons without protuberances; head capsule with transverse ridge originating from maxillary base and extended laterad, straight, oblique, single, not reaching eyes; temples behind eyes without transverse carina; genal ridge to accommodate antennae in repose absent; transverse row of pore-like structures on neck absent ventrally; medial projection of tentorial bridge absent or inconspicuous; tentorial bridge moderately bent at middle (
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB7A76DFE71FA88FDB3FAF6" box="[475,548,1360,1386]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 4" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1516,1540]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,183,1504]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1323,183,1506]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 4. Habitus images of Rioneta beetles. 1 — R. uluguruensis, female, dorsal; 2 — R. uluguruensis, male, ventral; 3 — R. inexpectata sp. n., male, dorsal; 4 — R. inexpectata sp. n., female, ventral. Scale = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181366/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
); posterior edge of eyes not abruptly cut in frontal plane, without concavity to accommodate pronotum; eyes present, markedly reduced in size, not markedly protruding; interfacetal setae present in posterior part of eyes; antennae of medium length, with 11 antennomeres; with their apices reaching hind pronotal edge; antennomere 3 not widened proximally; antennomeres 47 of medium length, about 34 times as long as wide; antennal club loosely delimited, composed of 3 antennomeres; apical antennomere not dumbbell-shaped; basal ring present on antennomeres 811; apical part of each of two penultimate antennomeres clearly narrowed and elongated into tube; modified thickened setae on two apical antennomeres present, organized in 2 and 3 groups of 57 setae (
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB7A76DFD5BF9B0FCAEF91E" box="[753,825,1640,1666]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 15" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 15. SEM images of Rioneta uluguruensis. 5 — habitus, ventral; 6 — head, ventral; 7 — left fore-tarsus, ventral; 8 — two apical antennomeres, arrow showing groups of sensillae, ventral; 9 — internal surface of meso- and metathorax with metendosternite, two arrows show internal part of lateral longitudinal keel on each side of metaventrite, dorsal; 10 — spermatheca and sperm pump, ventral; 11 — pretothorax and abdomen, arrow showing lateral longitudinal keel on left metaventrite, left elytron removed, fronto-lateral; 12 — pterothorax and abdomen, lateral, left elytron removed, three arrows showing spiracles I III, respectively; 13 — internal surface of abdominal tergites V X, double-pointed central arrow showing fused tergites VIII and IX, two lateral arrows showing remnants of internal apodemae of tergite IX, dorsal; 14 — abdominal apex, both elytra removed, dorsal, vertical double-pointed arrow showing fused tergites VIII and IX, horizontal arrows showing spiracles VIII IV; 15 — right part of abdomen, right elytron removed, dorsal, oblique arrow showing posterior edge of terige VII without wing cleaning (= toiletry) device, vertical arrows showing spiracles VIII III." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181367/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B91FDB15FFB7A76DFCFBF9BFFC40F91D" bold="true" box="[849,983,1639,1665]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Pronotum.</emphasis>
Dorsal pronotal grooves absent; short longitudinal ridges on pronotum absent; prothoracic hind angles rounded, not pointed posteriorly, not or slightly expanded posteriorly; lateral ridges on pronotum present, fully separating dorsal and lateral surfaces of pronotum; lateral margins of pronotum not serrate, without sinuation in basal half; anterior edge of pronotum markedly narrower than posterior; posterior edge of pronotum straight at middle; ventral prosternal process absent.
<emphasis id="B91FDB15FFB7A76DFE81F8F7FE5EF8D5" bold="true" box="[299,457,1839,1865]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Pterothorax.</emphasis>
Elytra short and truncate, exposing at least tergites VII to X; medial and posterior edges of elytra without microserration; hind wings absent; groove of alacrista with microserration; alacrista without single seta-like spur in posterior part (= metascutellar spur) absent; mesocoxal acetabula narrowly separated by less than 1/4 acetabular diameter; mesoventral collar clearly delimited, extending laterally to shoulders; disc of mesoventrite (=mesosternal elevation) with longitudinal carina along midline; disc of mesoventrite without clearly contrasting dark spot at centre; disc of mesoventrite not spatulate; posterior apex of mesoventral intermesocoxal process extending beyond middle of mesocoxal acetabula; mesoventral foveae absent; meso-metaventral suture straight, directed laterad and anteriorly, not indented, 1.5X times as long as diameter of mesocoxal acetabulum; lateral longitudinal keel on each side of metaventrite (not to be confused with metaventral lines) present and reaching posterior edge of metaventrite (
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB4A76EFB9EFEE0FB1BFECE" box="[1076,1164,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 15" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 15. SEM images of Rioneta uluguruensis. 5 — habitus, ventral; 6 — head, ventral; 7 — left fore-tarsus, ventral; 8 — two apical antennomeres, arrow showing groups of sensillae, ventral; 9 — internal surface of meso- and metathorax with metendosternite, two arrows show internal part of lateral longitudinal keel on each side of metaventrite, dorsal; 10 — spermatheca and sperm pump, ventral; 11 — pretothorax and abdomen, arrow showing lateral longitudinal keel on left metaventrite, left elytron removed, fronto-lateral; 12 — pterothorax and abdomen, lateral, left elytron removed, three arrows showing spiracles I III, respectively; 13 — internal surface of abdominal tergites V X, double-pointed central arrow showing fused tergites VIII and IX, two lateral arrows showing remnants of internal apodemae of tergite IX, dorsal; 14 — abdominal apex, both elytra removed, dorsal, vertical double-pointed arrow showing fused tergites VIII and IX, horizontal arrows showing spiracles VIII IV; 15 — right part of abdomen, right elytron removed, dorsal, oblique arrow showing posterior edge of terige VII without wing cleaning (= toiletry) device, vertical arrows showing spiracles VIII III." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181367/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
); metendosternal arms internally moderately divergent; metendosternite not forked; metacoxae moderately separated by less than twice diameter of mesocoxal acetabulum; metaventrite with posteriorly oriented teeth mediad to metacoxae; metaventral lines absent; metathoracic episterna not or vaguely visible in ventral view; hind femoral plates (=metacoxal laminae) large and subequal in surface size to mesocoxal acetabula; suture connecting outer point of metacoxal acetabulum with internal hind angle of metepisternum long, about as long as metacoxal anterior edge.
<emphasis id="B91FDB15FFB4A76EFE94FDFFFE57FDDD" bold="true" box="[318,448,551,577]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Abdomen.</emphasis>
Laterotergites present on abdominal segments IIIVII, prominent, covering margins of respective tergites; palisade fringe along posterior margin of tergum VII markedly reduced in size or absent; fingerprint-shaped groups of wing-folding microridges on tergites IIV absent; pair of abdominal glands present (
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB4A76EFEFBFD78FE3EFD26" box="[337,425,672,698]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 33" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1490,1514]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1466]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 23 33. Rioneta uluguruensis, details of morphology. 23 — mesonotum, mesoscutellum, basal part of metascutellum, mesopleuron and basal part of metapleuron, elytra omitted, dorsal; 24 — pterothorax and abdomen, elytra omitted, dorsal; 25 — left metapleuron, lateral; 26 — apex of abdomen showing location of internal glands, dorsal (separately on the left showing right internal gland, enlarged); 27 — fused abdominal tergites VIII IX and partly fused tergite X, dorsal; 28 — abdominal sternites VIII—IX, male, ventral; 29, 30 — spermatheca and sperm pump, partly oblique; 31, 32 — aedeagus with apex directed upwards, dorsal (31) and ventral (32); 33 — abdominal sternite IX, male, ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181369/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
); tergite IX without granular microsculpture, without transverse row of pores basally; tergites VIII and IX fully fused to form a single plate (
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB4A76EFC8EFD10FC17FD7E" box="[804,896,712,738]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 15" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 15. SEM images of Rioneta uluguruensis. 5 — habitus, ventral; 6 — head, ventral; 7 — left fore-tarsus, ventral; 8 — two apical antennomeres, arrow showing groups of sensillae, ventral; 9 — internal surface of meso- and metathorax with metendosternite, two arrows show internal part of lateral longitudinal keel on each side of metaventrite, dorsal; 10 — spermatheca and sperm pump, ventral; 11 — pretothorax and abdomen, arrow showing lateral longitudinal keel on left metaventrite, left elytron removed, fronto-lateral; 12 — pterothorax and abdomen, lateral, left elytron removed, three arrows showing spiracles I III, respectively; 13 — internal surface of abdominal tergites V X, double-pointed central arrow showing fused tergites VIII and IX, two lateral arrows showing remnants of internal apodemae of tergite IX, dorsal; 14 — abdominal apex, both elytra removed, dorsal, vertical double-pointed arrow showing fused tergites VIII and IX, horizontal arrows showing spiracles VIII IV; 15 — right part of abdomen, right elytron removed, dorsal, oblique arrow showing posterior edge of terige VII without wing cleaning (= toiletry) device, vertical arrows showing spiracles VIII III." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181367/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Figs 13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB4A76EFC25FD10FC27FD7E" box="[911,944,712,738]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 33" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1490,1514]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1466]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 23 33. Rioneta uluguruensis, details of morphology. 23 — mesonotum, mesoscutellum, basal part of metascutellum, mesopleuron and basal part of metapleuron, elytra omitted, dorsal; 24 — pterothorax and abdomen, elytra omitted, dorsal; 25 — left metapleuron, lateral; 26 — apex of abdomen showing location of internal glands, dorsal (separately on the left showing right internal gland, enlarged); 27 — fused abdominal tergites VIII IX and partly fused tergite X, dorsal; 28 — abdominal sternites VIII—IX, male, ventral; 29, 30 — spermatheca and sperm pump, partly oblique; 31, 32 — aedeagus with apex directed upwards, dorsal (31) and ventral (32); 33 — abdominal sternite IX, male, ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181369/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">27</figureCitation>
); tergite X discrete; pygidial hind margin with single obtuse apical projection, without fan-shaped group of posteriorly oriented setae; spiracular opening present on tergite VIII; abdominal sternite VIII without cavities; abdominal sternite III without longitudinal keels (=femoral lines); length of abdominal sternites
<date id="FFD521C7FFB4A76EFCEEFC98FC1CFCC6" box="[836,907,832,858]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">VIII 1</date>
1.5X that of any of sternites IIIVII; male abdominal sternite IX with anteriorly directed handle-like projection (
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB4A76EFC67FCB0FBB2FC1E" box="[973,1061,872,898]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 33" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1490,1514]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1466]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 23 33. Rioneta uluguruensis, details of morphology. 23 — mesonotum, mesoscutellum, basal part of metascutellum, mesopleuron and basal part of metapleuron, elytra omitted, dorsal; 24 — pterothorax and abdomen, elytra omitted, dorsal; 25 — left metapleuron, lateral; 26 — apex of abdomen showing location of internal glands, dorsal (separately on the left showing right internal gland, enlarged); 27 — fused abdominal tergites VIII IX and partly fused tergite X, dorsal; 28 — abdominal sternites VIII—IX, male, ventral; 29, 30 — spermatheca and sperm pump, partly oblique; 31, 32 — aedeagus with apex directed upwards, dorsal (31) and ventral (32); 33 — abdominal sternite IX, male, ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181369/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
); aedeagus oriented asymmetrically in abdomen, more than
<date id="FFD521C7FFB4A76EFE58FC48FD81FC36" box="[498,534,912,938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">2X</date>
as long as wide (
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB4A76EFD4DFC48FCA8FC36" box="[743,831,912,938]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 33" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1490,1514]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1466]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 23 33. Rioneta uluguruensis, details of morphology. 23 — mesonotum, mesoscutellum, basal part of metascutellum, mesopleuron and basal part of metapleuron, elytra omitted, dorsal; 24 — pterothorax and abdomen, elytra omitted, dorsal; 25 — left metapleuron, lateral; 26 — apex of abdomen showing location of internal glands, dorsal (separately on the left showing right internal gland, enlarged); 27 — fused abdominal tergites VIII IX and partly fused tergite X, dorsal; 28 — abdominal sternites VIII—IX, male, ventral; 29, 30 — spermatheca and sperm pump, partly oblique; 31, 32 — aedeagus with apex directed upwards, dorsal (31) and ventral (32); 33 — abdominal sternite IX, male, ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181369/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
); parameres absent; spermatheca ring-shaped (
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB4A76EFAC2FC48FF20FC4E" captionStart="FIGURES 5 15" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 15. SEM images of Rioneta uluguruensis. 5 — habitus, ventral; 6 — head, ventral; 7 — left fore-tarsus, ventral; 8 — two apical antennomeres, arrow showing groups of sensillae, ventral; 9 — internal surface of meso- and metathorax with metendosternite, two arrows show internal part of lateral longitudinal keel on each side of metaventrite, dorsal; 10 — spermatheca and sperm pump, ventral; 11 — pretothorax and abdomen, arrow showing lateral longitudinal keel on left metaventrite, left elytron removed, fronto-lateral; 12 — pterothorax and abdomen, lateral, left elytron removed, three arrows showing spiracles I III, respectively; 13 — internal surface of abdominal tergites V X, double-pointed central arrow showing fused tergites VIII and IX, two lateral arrows showing remnants of internal apodemae of tergite IX, dorsal; 14 — abdominal apex, both elytra removed, dorsal, vertical double-pointed arrow showing fused tergites VIII and IX, horizontal arrows showing spiracles VIII IV; 15 — right part of abdomen, right elytron removed, dorsal, oblique arrow showing posterior edge of terige VII without wing cleaning (= toiletry) device, vertical arrows showing spiracles VIII III." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181367/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Figs 10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB4A76EFF69FC60FE87FC4E" box="[195,272,952,978]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 33" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1490,1514]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1466]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 23 33. Rioneta uluguruensis, details of morphology. 23 — mesonotum, mesoscutellum, basal part of metascutellum, mesopleuron and basal part of metapleuron, elytra omitted, dorsal; 24 — pterothorax and abdomen, elytra omitted, dorsal; 25 — left metapleuron, lateral; 26 — apex of abdomen showing location of internal glands, dorsal (separately on the left showing right internal gland, enlarged); 27 — fused abdominal tergites VIII IX and partly fused tergite X, dorsal; 28 — abdominal sternites VIII—IX, male, ventral; 29, 30 — spermatheca and sperm pump, partly oblique; 31, 32 — aedeagus with apex directed upwards, dorsal (31) and ventral (32); 33 — abdominal sternite IX, male, ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181369/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">29, 30</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD40707FFB4A76EFF6CFC07FCD0FA8E" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B91FDB15FFB4A76EFF6CFC07FECCFC65" bold="true" box="[198,347,991,1017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Monophyly.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F37C4797FFB4A76EFEC8FC38FE15FC66" box="[354,386,992,1018]" name="American Samoa" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">As</collectingCountry>
currently defined, the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C6B7C84FFB4A76EFD7DFC38FCA5FC65" box="[727,818,992,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiliidae" genus="Rioneta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FDB15FFB4A76EFD7DFC38FCA5FC65" box="[727,818,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Rioneta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is almost certainly monophyletic. Both of its species are similar morphologically with the body proportions being the only feature to differentiate them (
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB4A76EFA89FBD0FA19FBBE" box="[1315,1422,1032,1058]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 4" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1516,1540]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,183,1504]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1323,183,1506]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 4. Habitus images of Rioneta beetles. 1 — R. uluguruensis, female, dorsal; 2 — R. uluguruensis, male, ventral; 3 — R. inexpectata sp. n., male, dorsal; 4 — R. inexpectata sp. n., female, ventral. Scale = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181366/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Figs 14</figureCitation>
). Both species share a number of morphological traits, which are either rare, or unique in
<taxonomicName id="4C6B7C84FFB4A76EFB4AFBE8FAD2FBD6" box="[1248,1349,1072,1098]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ptiliidae</taxonomicName>
, which strongly suggests monophyly of the genus. These characters are: (01.) aptery, with complex of associated morphological modifications (see below), (02.) lateral longitudinal keel on each side of metaventrite (
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB4A76EFA93FB58FA1AFB06" box="[1337,1421,1152,1178]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 15" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 15. SEM images of Rioneta uluguruensis. 5 — habitus, ventral; 6 — head, ventral; 7 — left fore-tarsus, ventral; 8 — two apical antennomeres, arrow showing groups of sensillae, ventral; 9 — internal surface of meso- and metathorax with metendosternite, two arrows show internal part of lateral longitudinal keel on each side of metaventrite, dorsal; 10 — spermatheca and sperm pump, ventral; 11 — pretothorax and abdomen, arrow showing lateral longitudinal keel on left metaventrite, left elytron removed, fronto-lateral; 12 — pterothorax and abdomen, lateral, left elytron removed, three arrows showing spiracles I III, respectively; 13 — internal surface of abdominal tergites V X, double-pointed central arrow showing fused tergites VIII and IX, two lateral arrows showing remnants of internal apodemae of tergite IX, dorsal; 14 — abdominal apex, both elytra removed, dorsal, vertical double-pointed arrow showing fused tergites VIII and IX, horizontal arrows showing spiracles VIII IV; 15 — right part of abdomen, right elytron removed, dorsal, oblique arrow showing posterior edge of terige VII without wing cleaning (= toiletry) device, vertical arrows showing spiracles VIII III." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181367/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
), (03.) fully fused abdominal tergites VIII and IX (
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB4A76EFD78FB70FCCFFB5E" box="[722,856,1192,1218]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 15" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 15. SEM images of Rioneta uluguruensis. 5 — habitus, ventral; 6 — head, ventral; 7 — left fore-tarsus, ventral; 8 — two apical antennomeres, arrow showing groups of sensillae, ventral; 9 — internal surface of meso- and metathorax with metendosternite, two arrows show internal part of lateral longitudinal keel on each side of metaventrite, dorsal; 10 — spermatheca and sperm pump, ventral; 11 — pretothorax and abdomen, arrow showing lateral longitudinal keel on left metaventrite, left elytron removed, fronto-lateral; 12 — pterothorax and abdomen, lateral, left elytron removed, three arrows showing spiracles I III, respectively; 13 — internal surface of abdominal tergites V X, double-pointed central arrow showing fused tergites VIII and IX, two lateral arrows showing remnants of internal apodemae of tergite IX, dorsal; 14 — abdominal apex, both elytra removed, dorsal, vertical double-pointed arrow showing fused tergites VIII and IX, horizontal arrows showing spiracles VIII IV; 15 — right part of abdomen, right elytron removed, dorsal, oblique arrow showing posterior edge of terige VII without wing cleaning (= toiletry) device, vertical arrows showing spiracles VIII III." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181367/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Figs 13, 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB4A76EFCCEFB70FC12FB5E" box="[868,901,1192,1218]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 33" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1490,1514]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1466]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 23 33. Rioneta uluguruensis, details of morphology. 23 — mesonotum, mesoscutellum, basal part of metascutellum, mesopleuron and basal part of metapleuron, elytra omitted, dorsal; 24 — pterothorax and abdomen, elytra omitted, dorsal; 25 — left metapleuron, lateral; 26 — apex of abdomen showing location of internal glands, dorsal (separately on the left showing right internal gland, enlarged); 27 — fused abdominal tergites VIII IX and partly fused tergite X, dorsal; 28 — abdominal sternites VIII—IX, male, ventral; 29, 30 — spermatheca and sperm pump, partly oblique; 31, 32 — aedeagus with apex directed upwards, dorsal (31) and ventral (32); 33 — abdominal sternite IX, male, ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181369/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">27</figureCitation>
), (04.) shape of markedly elongate abdominal glands with long duct (
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB4A76EFE18FB08FD9AFB76" box="[434,525,1232,1258]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 33" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1490,1514]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1466]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 23 33. Rioneta uluguruensis, details of morphology. 23 — mesonotum, mesoscutellum, basal part of metascutellum, mesopleuron and basal part of metapleuron, elytra omitted, dorsal; 24 — pterothorax and abdomen, elytra omitted, dorsal; 25 — left metapleuron, lateral; 26 — apex of abdomen showing location of internal glands, dorsal (separately on the left showing right internal gland, enlarged); 27 — fused abdominal tergites VIII IX and partly fused tergite X, dorsal; 28 — abdominal sternites VIII—IX, male, ventral; 29, 30 — spermatheca and sperm pump, partly oblique; 31, 32 — aedeagus with apex directed upwards, dorsal (31) and ventral (32); 33 — abdominal sternite IX, male, ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181369/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
), and (05.) unique shape of spermatheca forming a closed ring with sperm pump located in same surface inside the ring (
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB4A76EFD1BFB20FCADFA8E" box="[689,826,1272,1298]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 33" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1490,1514]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1466]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 23 33. Rioneta uluguruensis, details of morphology. 23 — mesonotum, mesoscutellum, basal part of metascutellum, mesopleuron and basal part of metapleuron, elytra omitted, dorsal; 24 — pterothorax and abdomen, elytra omitted, dorsal; 25 — left metapleuron, lateral; 26 — apex of abdomen showing location of internal glands, dorsal (separately on the left showing right internal gland, enlarged); 27 — fused abdominal tergites VIII IX and partly fused tergite X, dorsal; 28 — abdominal sternites VIII—IX, male, ventral; 29, 30 — spermatheca and sperm pump, partly oblique; 31, 32 — aedeagus with apex directed upwards, dorsal (31) and ventral (32); 33 — abdominal sternite IX, male, ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181369/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Figs 29, 30</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371548CFFB4A76EFF6CFAC7FD84FA16" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BD40707FFB4A76EFF6CFAC7FD84FA16" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B91FDB15FFB4A76EFF6CFAC7FEBDFAA5" bold="true" box="[198,298,1311,1337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Biology.</emphasis>
Both species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B7C84FFB4A76EFE47FAF8FDDFFAA5" box="[493,584,1312,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiliidae" genus="Rioneta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FDB15FFB4A76EFE47FAF8FDDFFAA5" box="[493,584,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Rioneta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected from forest leaf litter in wet and apparently primary tropical rainforest at altitudes between 2,000 and 2,500 meters. Guts of at least some Euparal-mounted specimens contained fungal spores (
<figureCitation id="13501B82FFB4A76EFE17FAA8FD95FA16" box="[445,514,1392,1418]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 4" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1516,1540]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,183,1504]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1323,183,1506]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 4. Habitus images of Rioneta beetles. 1 — R. uluguruensis, female, dorsal; 2 — R. uluguruensis, male, ventral; 3 — R. inexpectata sp. n., male, dorsal; 4 — R. inexpectata sp. n., female, ventral. Scale = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181366/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371548CFFB4A76EFF6CFA4FFC1BF9B6" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD40707FFB4A76EFF6CFA4FFC1BF9B6" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B91FDB15FFB4A76EFF6CFA4FFEF0FA2D" bold="true" box="[198,359,1431,1457]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F37C4797FFB4A76EFEC7FA40FE1AFA2E" box="[365,397,1432,1458]" name="American Samoa" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">As</collectingCountry>
currently known, the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C6B7C84FFB4A76EFD73FA40FCA3FA2D" box="[729,820,1432,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiliidae" genus="Rioneta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FDB15FFB4A76EFD73FA40FCA3FA2D" box="[729,820,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Rioneta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is strictly endemic to the Uluguru Mountains in central
<collectingCountry id="F37C4797FFB4A76EFF6DFA18FEA3FA46" box="[199,308,1472,1498]" name="Tanzania" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, a part of the East Arc mountain chain. Both known collecting records (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA7AF6FFB4A76EFB3AFA18FEB1F99E" author="Johnson" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Johnson, C. (1975) Mission entomologique du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale aux Monts Uluguru, Tanzanie (L. Berger, N. Leleup et J. Debecker, V - VIII. 1971). 5. Coleoptera: Ptiliidae. Revue de Zoologie Africaine, 89, 719 - 722." type="journal article" year="1975">Johnson, 1975 and the present one</bibRefCitation>
) are from the southern part of the Ulugurus on the western slope of Lukwangule Plateau (
<geoCoordinate id="EE5F61C0FFB4A76EFF0AF9C8FEBCF9B6" box="[160,299,1552,1578]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" precision="15" value="-7.1258335">S07°0733”</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE5F61C0FFB4A76EFE99F9C8FE59F9B6" box="[307,462,1552,1578]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" precision="15" value="37.604443">E037°3616”</geoCoordinate>
) just above the village of Tchenzema.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>