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<document id="5F6C3D1FCD0CA5B9773855C3B972EE25" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2021.1890849" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5406235" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630345690746" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Viswajyothi, Keezhpattillam &amp; Clark, Shawn M." docDate="2021" docId="03C23D63FFC4FFF6FE4AD18FFC10FDEA" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.54.47-48.3103-3119.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 54 (47 - 48)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1890849" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Heterochele Viswajyothi and Clark 2021, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="3113" masterDocId="FFFB451BFFC7FFFDFFC3D14DFFE2FFCF" masterDocTitle="A new genus and two new species of Galerucinae from Costa Rica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)" masterLastPageNumber="3119" masterPageNumber="3103" pageNumber="3105" updateTime="1699237338873" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="673D5EA73A20129F8CBF7226D1C51A23" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="50F6504B24D00B882A77129852DE30DF">
<mods:title id="D4EE9D3700440A00E0C815E10E4E2BAE">A new genus and two new species of Galerucinae from Costa Rica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F056B96967D56FAA56F70C624CA9FFC5">Viswajyothi, Keezhpattillam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4B2AFA5804C7D919A4F3C64F1878C08E">Clark, Shawn M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EC6DE97FAD2E5732F62EC5B8FCFBBBC5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A8C653A1E163C06AFA0C16397DBA4238">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B0B12BC6953C7D87FB504D0A87483C4F">
<mods:date id="5199B0ED1245BB0EBF9411ED29F2DCCD">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="829DD8AA5278B5C8D935C8F064CCF142" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="21954DEE14CB9B37A04C82B94E97EED1">2021-05-14</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="059B9741CE5638C0288C4CD9C0B5D96C" type="volume">
<mods:number id="77C82155D31D68797C73DA20B506C961">54</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="08EF8A84800E3AC97EAECF18E7629706" type="issue">
<mods:number id="1158C50A1005D7494CDD8C26EF92A393">47 - 48</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="32F38945C67F017F39558AFD51F35D5F">3103</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="066517D42DC2D035578903A82230D6A9">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1890849</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="75449A9D5EFED8571078F22ADCD36F1D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="DA7355E209E746BCAD39AD260F633870" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2021.1890849</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="29E2C024C904BA2CF66E3D485FE8850A" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9E4838862ACD54F7FB64BB5C1A584E1B" type="Zenodo-Dep">5406235</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C23D63FFC4FFF6FE4AD18FFC10FDEA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5479544" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5479544" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C23D63FFC4FFF6FE4AD18FFC10FDEA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C23D63FFC4FFF6FE4AD18FFC10FDEA" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="3113" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">
<subSubSection id="C371DFFEFFC4FFFEFE4AD18FFC79FF13" box="[393,923,194,220]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD48C75FFC4FFFEFE4AD18FFC79FF13" blockId="3.[393,923,194,255]" box="[393,923,194,220]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">
<heading id="D09C3B19FFC4FFFEFE4AD18FFC79FF13" box="[393,923,194,220]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFC4FFFEFE4AD18FFCC1FF13" authority="Viswajyothi and Clark" authorityName="Viswajyothi and Clark" authorityYear="2021" box="[393,803,194,220]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Heterochele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC4FFFEFE4AD18FFDF9FF13" bold="true" box="[393,539,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">Heterochele</emphasis>
Viswajyothi and Clark
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CED1CFFC4FFFEFCEED18FFC79FF13" box="[813,923,194,220]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371DFFEFFC4FFFEFD85D1A8FD3CFF30" box="[582,734,229,255]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD48C75FFC4FFFEFD85D1A8FD3CFF30" blockId="3.[393,923,194,255]" box="[582,734,229,255]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">
(
<figureCitation id="135090F0FFC4FFFEFD8DD1A8FD34FF30" box="[590,726,229,255]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStart-3="Figure 4" captionStart-4="Figure 5" captionStart-5="Figure 6" captionStart-6="Figure 7" captionStartId-0="4.[160,225,1718,1741]" captionStartId-1="5.[160,225,1519,1542]" captionStartId-2="6.[160,225,1551,1574]" captionStartId-3="7.[160,225,1513,1536]" captionStartId-4="8.[160,225,1544,1567]" captionStartId-5="9.[160,225,1573,1596]" captionStartId-6="10.[160,225,1525,1548]" captionTargetBox-0="[183,1143,153,1662]" captionTargetBox-1="[173,1147,150,1477]" captionTargetBox-2="[184,1145,161,1504]" captionTargetBox-3="[166,1137,155,1475]" captionTargetBox-4="[171,1143,154,1495]" captionTargetBox-5="[188,1149,175,1530]" captionTargetBox-6="[189,1131,156,1483]" captionTargetId-0="figure-11@4.[163,1153,142,1686]" captionTargetId-1="figure-11@5.[163,1153,142,1487]" captionTargetId-2="figure-11@6.[163,1153,142,1519]" captionTargetId-3="figure-56@7.[163,1153,142,1481]" captionTargetId-4="figure-43@8.[163,1153,142,1512]" captionTargetId-5="figure-11@9.[163,1153,142,1541]" captionTargetId-6="figure-34@10.[163,1153,142,1493]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="9" captionTargetPageId-6="10" captionText-0="Figure 1. Heterochele actias, male holotype. (a) Dorsal view; (b) lateral view; (c) ventral view." captionText-1="Figure 2. Heterochele actias. (a) Paratype, anterior view; (b) male paratype, abdominal ventrites; (c) holotype, median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view; (d) holotype, median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; (e) holotype, median lobe of aedeagus, distal portion, ventral view." captionText-2="Figure 3. Heterochele actias, female paratype. (a) Genitalia; (b) bursa copulatrix, with sclerotised pattern and spermatheca attached; (c) tignum; (d) vaginal palpi; (e) spermatheca; (f) last ventrite; (g) last visible tergite." captionText-3="Figure 4. Heterochele signiferoides, holotype. (a) Dorsal view; (b) ventral view." captionText-4="Figure 5. Heterochele signiferoides, holotype. (a) Lateral view; (b) anterior view." captionText-5="Figure 6. Heterochele signiferoides, holotype. (a) Median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view; (b) median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; (c) median lobe of aedeagus, distal portion, ventral view; (d) male abdominal ventrites." captionText-6="Figure 7. Heterochele signiferoides, female paratype. (a) Spermatheca; (b) vaginal palpi; (c) last visible tergite; (d) last ventrite; (e) tignum; (f) bursa copulatrix, with spermatheca attached." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406237" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406239" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406241" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406243" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406245" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406247" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406249" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5406237/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5406239/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5406241/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5406243/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5406245/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/5406247/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/5406249/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">Figures 1–7</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371DFFEFFC4FFFEFF63D00EFD5FFD78" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD48C75FFC4FFFEFF63D00EFEF6FE92" blockId="3.[160,1156,323,695]" box="[160,276,323,349]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC4FFFEFF63D00EFEF6FE92" bold="true" box="[160,276,323,349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD48C75FFC4FFFEFF63D02BFC14FE28" blockId="3.[160,1156,323,695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">
Superficially, this genus resembles small (
<quantity id="4C932190FFC4FFFEFD52D02BFCFEFEB0" box="[657,796,358,383]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105" unit="mm" value="3.3" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="2.7">2.7–3.9 mm</quantity>
long)
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFC4FFFEFCB0D02BFBBCFEB0" authority="Chevrolat" authorityName="Chevrolat" box="[883,1118,358,383]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Diabrotica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC4FFFEFCB0D02BFC06FEB0" box="[883,996,358,383]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">Diabrotica</emphasis>
Chevrolat
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFC4FFFEFF63D0C4FE37FE6D" authority="Barber. However" authorityName="Barber. However" box="[160,469,393,418]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Acalymma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC4FFFEFF63D0C4FEF1FE6D" box="[160,275,393,418]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">Acalymma</emphasis>
Barber. However
</taxonomicName>
, males can easily be distinguished from either of these genera by the deep impression on the last abdominal ventrite (
<figureCitation id="135090F0FFC4FFFEFCE2D0E1FC6EFE0A" box="[801,908,428,453]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1519,1542]" captionTargetBox="[173,1147,150,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-11@5.[163,1153,142,1487]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Heterochele actias. (a) Paratype, anterior view; (b) male paratype, abdominal ventrites; (c) holotype, median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view; (d) holotype, median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; (e) holotype, median lobe of aedeagus, distal portion, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406239/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">Figures 2</figureCitation>
(b, (6d))). Females can easily be distinguished by the appendiculate (rather than bifid) tarsal claws.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD48C75FFC4FFFEFF03D0BCFD5FFD78" blockId="3.[160,1156,323,695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">
In the key to genera of Phyllecthrites provided by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAF184FFC4FFFEFCC3D0BCFC7AFDC5" author="Moura LDA" box="[768,920,497,522]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105" pagination="26 - 32" refId="ref5766" refString="Moura LDA. 2010. Coronabrotica, a new genus and species of Luperini, and a key to genera of Section Phyllecthrites (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Zootaxa. 2675: 26 - 32. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2675.1.2." type="journal article" year="2010">Moura (2010)</bibRefCitation>
, males would key to
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFC4FFFEFF63D359FDC9FDE2" authority="Bechyne and Bechyne" authorityName="Bechyne and Bechyne" box="[160,555,532,557]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Parabrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC4FFFEFF63D359FEFCFDE2" box="[160,286,532,557]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">Parabrotica</emphasis>
Bechyné and Bechyné
</taxonomicName>
(couplet 4), but
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFC4FFFEFD39D359FC9BFDE2" authorityName="Viswajyothi and Clark" authorityYear="2021" box="[762,889,532,557]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Heterochele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC4FFFEFD39D359FC9BFDE2" box="[762,889,532,557]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">Heterochele</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFC4FFFEFF63D37BFEFCFD80" box="[160,286,566,591]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Parabrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC4FFFEFF63D37BFEFCFD80" box="[160,286,566,591]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">Parabrotica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having the above-mentioned abdominal impression. Moreover, the mesotibial concavity of
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFC4FFFEFEB8D314FE18FDBD" authorityName="Viswajyothi and Clark" authorityYear="2021" box="[379,506,601,626]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Heterochele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC4FFFEFEB8D314FE18FDBD" box="[379,506,601,626]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">Heterochele</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is shallow and rather indistinct (
<figureCitation id="135090F0FFC4FFFEFC40D314FC3CFDBD" box="[899,990,601,626]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1718,1741]" captionTargetBox="[183,1143,153,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-11@4.[163,1153,142,1686]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Heterochele actias, male holotype. (a) Dorsal view; (b) lateral view; (c) ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406237/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(c), 4(b), 5(a)). Females would key to couplet 9, at which point the user would be frustrated, since males are needed to proceed further in the key.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371DFFEFFC4FFFEFF63D3A7FCFBFAC4" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD48C75FFC4FFFEFF63D3A7FEC4FCCB" blockId="3.[160,1156,746,1291]" box="[160,294,746,772]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC4FFFEFF63D3A7FEC4FCCB" bold="true" box="[160,294,746,772]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD48C75FFC4FFFEFF63D240FCFBFAC4" blockId="3.[160,1156,746,1291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">
Antennal fossae positioned near mid-level of eye. Terminal maxillary palpomere as long as or slightly longer than broad, trianglar, evenly narrowed from base to acute apex. Anterior edge of pronotum lacking bead or fringe of setae; lateral carina of pronotum well developed, with sparse fringe of setae (easily rubbed off and sometimes difficult to see); posterior pronotal edge lacking fringe of setae, with poorly developed bead laterally, without bead mesally. Elytral disc with long, suberect, posteriorly inclined setae (
<figureCitation id="135090F0FFC4FFFEFCB1D2F6FC2EFC1B" box="[882,972,955,980]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1513,1536]" captionTargetBox="[166,1137,155,1475]" captionTargetId="figure-56@7.[163,1153,142,1481]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Heterochele signiferoides, holotype. (a) Dorsal view; (b) ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406243" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406243/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">Figure 4</figureCitation>
(a,b)); majority of setae arranged in five or six longitudinal rows, one along epipleural ridge, one near sutural margin, others in between; a few setae scattered outside of rows; basal half of epipleuron narrow, nearly vertical; distal half of epipleuron extremely narrow, nearly attaining elytral apex, obliquely slanted inward in distal half. Procoxae mesally contiguous; procoxal cavities posteriorly open. Mesepimeron and mesepisternum glabrous. Middle tibia of male slightly concave at distal fifth, on side towards femur (
<figureCitation id="135090F0FFC4FFFEFD58D5C6FD0DFB6B" box="[667,751,1163,1188]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1718,1741]" captionTargetBox="[183,1143,153,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-11@4.[163,1153,142,1686]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Heterochele actias, male holotype. (a) Dorsal view; (b) lateral view; (c) ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406237/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(c), 4(b), 5(a)). Male tarsal claws bifid; female claws appendiculate. Male fifth abdominal ventrite with median depression in posterior half; lateral borders of depression steep, forming acute carina (
<figureCitation id="135090F0FFC4FFFEFC35D59DFB83FB26" box="[1014,1121,1232,1257]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1519,1542]" captionTargetBox="[173,1147,150,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-11@5.[163,1153,142,1487]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Heterochele actias. (a) Paratype, anterior view; (b) male paratype, abdominal ventrites; (c) holotype, median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view; (d) holotype, median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; (e) holotype, median lobe of aedeagus, distal portion, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406239/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">Figures 2</figureCitation>
(b),
<figureCitation id="135090F0FFC4FFFEFF63D5BFFEE7FAC4" box="[160,261,1266,1291]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1573,1596]" captionTargetBox="[188,1149,175,1530]" captionTargetId="figure-11@9.[163,1153,142,1541]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Heterochele signiferoides, holotype. (a) Median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view; (b) median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; (c) median lobe of aedeagus, distal portion, ventral view; (d) male abdominal ventrites." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406247" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406247/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">Figures 6</figureCitation>
(d)). Aedeagus asymmetrical; basal spurs absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371DFFEFFC4FFFEFF63D473FD21FAB5" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BD48C75FFC4FFFEFF63D473FED1FA97" blockId="3.[160,707,1342,1402]" box="[160,307,1342,1368]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC4FFFEFF63D473FED1FA97" bold="true" box="[160,307,1342,1368]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">
<typeStatus id="54D032D7FFC4FFFEFF63D473FF3AFA97" box="[160,216,1342,1368]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD48C75FFC4FFFEFF63D42CFD21FAB5" blockId="3.[160,707,1342,1402]" box="[160,707,1377,1402]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFC4FFFEFF63D42CFD80FAB5" authority="Viswajyothi and Clark" authorityName="Viswajyothi and Clark" authorityYear="2021" box="[160,610,1377,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Heterochele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="actias" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC4FFFEFF63D42CFE85FAB5" box="[160,359,1377,1402]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">Heterochele actias</emphasis>
Viswajyothi and Clark
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CED1CFFC4FFFEFDAFD42CFD21FAB5" box="[620,707,1377,1402]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371DFFEFFC4FFFEFF63D4E0FD03F9C3" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BD48C75FFC4FFFEFF63D4E0FEFFFA08" blockId="3.[160,1155,1453,1548]" box="[160,285,1453,1479]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC4FFFEFF63D4E0FEFFFA08" bold="true" box="[160,285,1453,1479]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD48C75FFC4FFFEFF63D49DFD03F9C3" blockId="3.[160,1155,1453,1548]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">
The genus name,
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFC4FFFEFEB9D49DFE1BFA26" authorityName="Viswajyothi and Clark" authorityYear="2021" box="[378,505,1488,1513]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Heterochele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC4FFFEFEB9D49DFE1BFA26" box="[378,505,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">Heterochele</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is Greek for ‘different claws’. It refers to the sexually dimorphic tarsal claws. The name is a female noun.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371DFFEFFC4FFF6FF63D773FC10FDEA" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="3113" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD48C75FFC4FFFEFF63D773FEFCF997" blockId="3.[160,1155,1598,1728]" box="[160,286,1598,1624]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC4FFFEFF63D773FEFCF997" bold="true" box="[160,286,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD48C75FFC4FFFAFF63D72FFB8FF974" blockId="3.[160,1155,1598,1728]" lastBlockId="7.[160,1155,1629,1723]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="3109" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">
The heterogeneous condition of the tarsal claws (bifid in males, appendiculate in females) is extremely unusual. However, this is not unprecedented among the
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFC4FFFEFC09D7C8FBACF951" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[970,1102,1669,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="3103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Galerucinae">Galerucinae</taxonomicName>
. For instance,
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFC4FFFEFECBD7EAFD6CF90F" authority="Bechyne and Bechyne" authorityName="Bechyne and Bechyne" box="[264,654,1703,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Hyperbrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC4FFFEFECBD7EAFE72F90F" box="[264,400,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3105">Hyperbrotica</emphasis>
Bechyné and Bechyné
</taxonomicName>
also has bifid claws in the male (clearly bifid on the front and middle legs, also bifid but with a slightly broader inner lobe on the hind legs). Like
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFC0FFFAFED3D7CDFE6FF956" authorityName="Viswajyothi and Clark" authorityYear="2021" box="[272,397,1664,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Heterochele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="3109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC0FFFAFED3D7CDFE6FF956" box="[272,397,1664,1689]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="3109">Heterochele</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFC0FFFAFE2BD7CDFD92F956" box="[488,624,1664,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Hyperbrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="3109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC0FFFAFE2BD7CDFD92F956" box="[488,624,1664,1689]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="3109">Hyperbrotica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have appendiculate claws.
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFC0FFFAFC5FD7CDFBB0F956" authority="Blake" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1936" box="[924,1106,1664,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Erynephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="3109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC0FFFAFC5FD7CDFBF1F956" box="[924,1043,1664,1689]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="3109">Erynephala</emphasis>
Blake
</taxonomicName>
and most species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFC0FFFAFE91D7EFFDF3F974" authority="LeConte" authorityName="LeConte" box="[338,529,1698,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monoxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="3109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC0FFFAFE91D7EFFE4DF974" box="[338,431,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="3109">Monoxia</emphasis>
LeConte
</taxonomicName>
have bifid claws in males and simple claws in females.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF14DCFDFFC3FFF9FF63D7FBFBD7F902" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406237" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5406237" box="[160,1077,1718,1741]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406237/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3106" startId="4.[160,225,1718,1741]" targetBox="[183,1143,153,1662]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BD48C75FFC3FFF9FF63D7FBFBD7F902" blockId="4.[160,1077,1718,1741]" box="[160,1077,1718,1741]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3106">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC3FFF9FF63D7FBFF19F902" bold="true" box="[160,251,1718,1741]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3106">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFC3FFF9FEC1D7FBFE52F902" box="[258,432,1718,1741]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Heterochele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="actias">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC3FFF9FEC1D7FBFE52F902" box="[258,432,1718,1741]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3106">Heterochele actias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male holotype. (a) Dorsal view; (b) lateral view; (c) ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF14DCFDFFC2FFF8FF63D4A2FCDEF98E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406239" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5406239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406239/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="3107" startId="5.[160,225,1519,1542]" targetBox="[173,1147,150,1477]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BD48C75FFC2FFF8FF63D4A2FCDEF98E" blockId="5.[160,1156,1519,1601]" pageId="5" pageNumber="3107">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC2FFF8FF63D4A2FF1EF9C9" bold="true" box="[160,252,1519,1542]" pageId="5" pageNumber="3107">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFC2FFF8FEC7D4A2FE56F9C9" box="[260,436,1519,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Heterochele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="3107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="actias">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC2FFF8FEC7D4A2FE56F9C9" box="[260,436,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="3107">Heterochele actias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (a) Paratype, anterior view; (b) male paratype, abdominal ventrites; (c) holotype, median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view; (d) holotype, median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; (e) holotype, median lobe of aedeagus, distal portion, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF14DCFDFFC1FFFBFF63D742FE9AF9AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406241" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5406241" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406241/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="3108" startId="6.[160,225,1551,1574]" targetBox="[184,1145,161,1504]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BD48C75FFC1FFFBFF63D742FE9AF9AE" blockId="6.[160,1156,1551,1633]" pageId="6" pageNumber="3108">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC1FFFBFF63D742FF1CF9E9" bold="true" box="[160,254,1551,1574]" pageId="6" pageNumber="3108">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFC1FFFBFEC9D742FE5EF9E9" box="[266,444,1551,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Heterochele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="3108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="actias">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC1FFFBFEC9D742FE5EF9E9" box="[266,444,1551,1574]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="3108">Heterochele actias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female paratype. (a) Genitalia; (b) bursa copulatrix, with sclerotised pattern and spermatheca attached; (c) tignum; (d) vaginal palpi; (e) spermatheca; (f) last ventrite; (g) last visible tergite.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF14DCFDFFC0FFFAFF63D4A4FC7DF9CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406243" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5406243" box="[160,927,1513,1536]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406243/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="3109" startId="7.[160,225,1513,1536]" targetBox="[166,1137,155,1475]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BD48C75FFC0FFFAFF63D4A4FC7DF9CF" blockId="7.[160,927,1513,1536]" box="[160,927,1513,1536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="3109">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC0FFFAFF63D4A4FF18F9CF" bold="true" box="[160,250,1513,1536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="3109">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFC0FFFAFEC1D4A4FE0CF9CF" authorityName="Viswajyothi and Clark" authorityYear="2021" box="[258,494,1513,1536]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Heterochele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="3109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signiferoides">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFC0FFFAFEC1D4A4FE0CF9CF" box="[258,494,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="3109">Heterochele signiferoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype. (a) Dorsal view; (b) ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF14DCFDFFCFFFF5FF63D745FC4FF9D0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406245" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5406245" box="[160,941,1544,1567]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406245/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="3110" startId="8.[160,225,1544,1567]" targetBox="[171,1143,154,1495]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BD48C75FFCFFFF5FF63D745FC4FF9D0" blockId="8.[160,941,1544,1567]" box="[160,941,1544,1567]" pageId="8" pageNumber="3110">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFCFFFF5FF63D745FF18F9D0" bold="true" box="[160,250,1544,1567]" pageId="8" pageNumber="3110">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFCFFFF5FEC1D745FE0CF9D0" authorityName="Viswajyothi and Clark" authorityYear="2021" box="[258,494,1544,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Heterochele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="3110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signiferoides">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFCFFFF5FEC1D745FE0CF9D0" box="[258,494,1544,1567]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="3110">Heterochele signiferoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype. (a) Lateral view; (b) anterior view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD48C75FFCFFFF7FF03D714FDD3F95A" blockId="8.[160,1156,1625,1685]" lastBlockId="10.[160,1155,1625,1685]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="3112" pageId="8" pageNumber="3110">
Tibial spurs were observed on all legs of some of the females of
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFCFFFF5FC4DD714FBEFF9BD" authorityName="Viswajyothi and Clark" authorityYear="2021" box="[910,1037,1625,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Heterochele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="3110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFCFFFF5FC4DD714FBEFF9BD" box="[910,1037,1625,1650]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="3110">Heterochele</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, they are extremely tiny and difficult to see among the nearby setae. Indeed, they were not seen on some of the other females, although they may have been present. No tibial spurs were detected on any of the males.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF14DCFDFFCEFFF4FF63D768FE8EF9B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406247" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5406247" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406247/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="3111" startId="9.[160,225,1573,1596]" targetBox="[188,1149,175,1530]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BD48C75FFCEFFF4FF63D768FE8EF9B9" blockId="9.[160,1155,1573,1654]" pageId="9" pageNumber="3111">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFCEFFF4FF63D768FF1EF9F3" bold="true" box="[160,252,1573,1596]" pageId="9" pageNumber="3111">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFCEFFF4FEC6D768FE11F9F3" authorityName="Viswajyothi and Clark" authorityYear="2021" box="[261,499,1573,1596]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Heterochele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="3111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signiferoides">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFCEFFF4FEC6D768FE11F9F3" box="[261,499,1573,1596]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="3111">Heterochele signiferoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype. (a) Median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view; (b) median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; (c) median lobe of aedeagus, distal portion, ventral view; (d) male abdominal ventrites.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF14DCFDFFCDFFF7FF63D4B8FC03F9E6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5406249" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5406249" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5406249/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="3112" startId="10.[160,225,1525,1548]" targetBox="[189,1131,156,1483]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BD48C75FFCDFFF7FF63D4B8FC03F9E6" blockId="10.[160,1155,1525,1577]" pageId="10" pageNumber="3112">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFCDFFF7FF63D4B8FF18F9C3" bold="true" box="[160,250,1525,1548]" pageId="10" pageNumber="3112">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFCDFFF7FEC2D4B8FE0FF9C3" authorityName="Viswajyothi and Clark" authorityYear="2021" box="[257,493,1525,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Heterochele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="3112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signiferoides">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFCDFFF7FEC2D4B8FE0FF9C3" box="[257,493,1525,1548]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="3112">Heterochele signiferoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female paratype. (a) Spermatheca; (b) vaginal palpi; (c) last visible tergite; (d) last ventrite; (e) tignum; (f) bursa copulatrix, with spermatheca attached.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD48C75FFCCFFF6FF03D1C3FC10FDEA" blockId="11.[160,1156,142,549]" pageId="11" pageNumber="3113">
Based on the absence of basal spurs on the aedeagus, and on the general appearance,
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFCCFFF6FF63D1FCFEFDFF05" authorityName="Viswajyothi and Clark" authorityYear="2021" box="[160,287,177,202]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Heterochele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="3113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFCCFFF6FF63D1FCFEFDFF05" box="[160,287,177,202]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="3113">Heterochele</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is tentatively placed in the subtribe
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFCCFFF6FD2CD1FCFC95FF05" box="[751,887,177,202]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="3113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Diabroticina">Diabroticina</taxonomicName>
of the tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFCCFFF6FBE1D1FCFB62FF05" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[1058,1152,177,202]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="3113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Luperini">Luperini</taxonomicName>
. However, the deep depression on the last male ventrite and the strongly asymmetrical aedeagus are anomalous in the subtribe, but they are similar to the condition in some genera of Galerucini. Even if the genus indeed belongs in
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFCCFFF6FCE1D054FC4FFEFD" box="[802,941,281,306]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="3113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Diabroticina">Diabroticina</taxonomicName>
, the relationship to other genera of the subtribe is debatable. The general appearance of the beetles, including the suberect elytral setae, suggests a relationship to
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFCCFFF6FCD2D013FC66FEB8" box="[785,900,350,375]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Acalymma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="3113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFCCFFF6FCD2D013FC66FEB8" box="[785,900,350,375]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="3113">Acalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(section Diabroticites). In spite of this, we tentatively place
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFCCFFF6FDEAD0CCFD4AFE55" authorityName="Viswajyothi and Clark" authorityYear="2021" box="[553,680,385,410]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Heterochele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="3113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFCCFFF6FDEAD0CCFD4AFE55" box="[553,680,385,410]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="3113">Heterochele</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the section Phyllecthrites. The concavity of the male mesotibia, although very shallow, supports this placement. Furthermore, the appendiculate claws of the female are congruent with most Phyllecthrites, but not with Diabroticites. Conversely, bifid claws (present in male
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFCCFFF6FCF8D0A4FC58FDCD" authorityName="Viswajyothi and Clark" authorityYear="2021" box="[827,954,489,514]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Heterochele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="3113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFCCFFF6FCF8D0A4FC58FDCD" box="[827,954,489,514]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="3113">Heterochele</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are unusual in Phyllecthrites, although present in a few genera, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF7F6FFCCFFF6FCE7D341FC10FDEA" authority="Blake." box="[804,1010,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Deinocladus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="3113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F5067FFCCFFF6FCE7D341FC4BFDEA" box="[804,937,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="3113">Deinocladus</emphasis>
Blake.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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