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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.59674" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3054b650-b609-4439-aff3-e7b6623c6807" ID-PMC="PMC8222241" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1044-229" ID-Pensoft-UUID="0B5B533D7CBA50819E2AEC264FE6D977" ID-PubMed="34183879" ID-ZooBank="7EC23192F85D4D2AA31E2694A59CB014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1044-229" checkinTime="1623875428746" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2021" docId="85256569CEBF5F0D9F700AE77E1B7169" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1044: 229-268" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1044" docPubDate="2021-06-16" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.59674" docTitle="Paratachys Casey 1918" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="0B5B533D7CBA50819E2AEC264FE6D977" lastPageNumber="229" masterDocId="0B5B533D7CBA50819E2AEC264FE6D977" masterDocTitle="Hawaiian Paratachys Casey (Coleoptera, Carabidae): small beetles of sodden summits, stony streams, and stygian voids" masterLastPageNumber="268" masterPageNumber="229" pageNumber="229" updateTime="1668150444214" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Hawaiian Paratachys Casey (Coleoptera, Carabidae): small beetles of sodden summits, stony streams, and stygian voids</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9831-884X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, John H. and Anna B. Comstock Hall, 129 Garden Ave., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 - 2601, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jkl5@cornell.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2021-06-16</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.59674</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.59674</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182754097" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:85256569CEBF5F0D9F700AE77E1B7169" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/85256569CEBF5F0D9F700AE77E1B7169" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">
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<taxonomicName LSID="85256569-CEBF-5F0D-9F70-0AE77E1B7169" authority="Casey, 1918" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paratachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paratachys Casey, 1918</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="229" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="229">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paratachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paratachys</taxonomicName>
Casey, 1918: 174 (type species
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paratachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratachys austinicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austinicus">Paratachys austinicus</taxonomicName>
Casey by original designation);
<bibRefCitation author="Erwin, TL" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="123 - 155" refId="B31" refString="Erwin, TL, 1974b. Studies of the subtribe Tachyina (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Bembidiini) supplement A: lectotype designations for New World species, two new genera, and notes on generic concepts. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 76: 123 - 155" title="Studies of the subtribe Tachyina (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Bembidiini) supplement A: lectotype designations for New World species, two new genera, and notes on generic concepts." volume="76" year="1974 b">Erwin 1974b</bibRefCitation>
: 128;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.10033" author="Boyd, OF" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="87 - 123" refId="B16" refString="Boyd, OF, Erwin, TL, 2016. Taxonomic review of the New World Tachyina (Coleoptera, Carabidae): descriptions of new genera, subgenera, and species, with an updated key to the subtribe in the Americas. ZooKeys 626: 87 - 123, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.10033" title="Taxonomic review of the New World Tachyina (Coleoptera, Carabidae): descriptions of new genera, subgenera, and species, with an updated key to the subtribe in the Americas." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.10033" volume="626" year="2016">Boyd and Erwin 2016</bibRefCitation>
: 95, 110.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="229">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Eotachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eotachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eotachys</taxonomicName>
Jeannel, 1941: 426 (type species
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="W.J.MacLeay" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tachys bistriatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bistriatus">Tachys bistriatus</taxonomicName>
Duftschmid by original designation). Synonymy by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/187631271X00239" author="Erwin, TL" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="233 - 236" refId="B27" refString="Erwin, TL, 1971. Fossil tachyine beetles from Mexican and Baltic amber, with notes on a new synonymy of an extant group (Col, Carabidae). Entomologica Scandinavica 2: 233 - 236, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/187631271X00239" title="Fossil tachyine beetles from Mexican and Baltic amber, with notes on a new synonymy of an extant group (Col, Carabidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/187631271X00239" volume="2" year="1971">Erwin (1971</bibRefCitation>
: 236).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="229">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kult" authorityYear="1961" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Macrotachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrotachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Macrotachys</taxonomicName>
Kult, 1961: 2 [junior homonym of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kult" authorityYear="1961" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Macrotachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrotachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Macrotachys</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Uéno">Ueno</normalizedToken>
, 1953: 42] (type species
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1831" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidium fulvicolle" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvicolle">Bembidium fulvicolle</taxonomicName>
Dejean by original designation). Synonymy under
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Eotachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eotachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eotachys</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Lindroth, CH" journalOrPublisher="Opuscula Entomologica Supplementum" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="201 - 408" refId="B65" refString="Lindroth, CH, 1966. The ground beetles (Carabidae excl. Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska, part 3. Opuscula Entomologica Supplementum 24: 201 - 408" title="The ground beetles (Carabidae excl. Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska, part 3." volume="24" year="1966">Lindroth (1966</bibRefCitation>
: 431).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="229" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="229">
These beetles can be diagnosed by: deep paramedial pits of the mentum (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Paratachys terryli A-I Kauai: Namolokama Mtn. A, B macrophthalmic, brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 01 A dorsal habitus view B mentum and associated mouthparts, ventral view C-I compound eye, lateral view C macropterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 D brachypterous male; 21 - v- 2005 lot 8 E brachypterous male; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 F brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 G brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 H brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 I brachypterous female; 21 - v- 2005 lot 1 J Kauai: Upper Kawaikoi Stream at Alakai Swamp Trail, 16 - v- 1971; right metathoracic flight wing of male, vestigial morph (elytron removed); 14 - v- 1991 stop 91 - 26 B." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.59674.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553677" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">1B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paratachys haleakalae A dorsal habitus view B mentum and associated mouthparts, ventral view C larger compound eye of female, lateral view D smaller compound eye of male; lateral view E stenopterous left metathoracic flight wing of female (elytron removed), dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.59674.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553684" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">8B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Paratachys aaa A male, dorsal habitus view; Kau, Kona Mala, 21 - xi- 2017, lot HI 00179 B mentum and associated mouthparts, ventral view, of above male specimen C larger ovoid compound eye of female, lateral view; Mountain View, Kazumura Cave, 21 - xi- 2018, lot HI 00722 D moderately sized ovoid compound eye of male, lateral view; also lot HI 00722 E smaller rounded compound eye of male, lateral view; Kaimu, Burn Cave, 16 - 19 - iii- 1994 F small compound eye of male, lateral view; Kaimu, Burn Cave, 16 - iii- 1994 G stenopterous left metathoracic flight wing of male (elytron removed), dorsal view; Kau, Kona Mala, 21 - xi- 2017, lot HI 00179." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.59674.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553685" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">9B</figureCitation>
); head with two supraorbital setae each side (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Paratachys terryli A-I Kauai: Namolokama Mtn. A, B macrophthalmic, brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 01 A dorsal habitus view B mentum and associated mouthparts, ventral view C-I compound eye, lateral view C macropterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 D brachypterous male; 21 - v- 2005 lot 8 E brachypterous male; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 F brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 G brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 H brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 I brachypterous female; 21 - v- 2005 lot 1 J Kauai: Upper Kawaikoi Stream at Alakai Swamp Trail, 16 - v- 1971; right metathoracic flight wing of male, vestigial morph (elytron removed); 14 - v- 1991 stop 91 - 26 B." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.59674.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553677" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">1C, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paratachys haleakalae A dorsal habitus view B mentum and associated mouthparts, ventral view C larger compound eye of female, lateral view D smaller compound eye of male; lateral view E stenopterous left metathoracic flight wing of female (elytron removed), dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.59674.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553684" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">8C, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Paratachys aaa A male, dorsal habitus view; Kau, Kona Mala, 21 - xi- 2017, lot HI 00179 B mentum and associated mouthparts, ventral view, of above male specimen C larger ovoid compound eye of female, lateral view; Mountain View, Kazumura Cave, 21 - xi- 2018, lot HI 00722 D moderately sized ovoid compound eye of male, lateral view; also lot HI 00722 E smaller rounded compound eye of male, lateral view; Kaimu, Burn Cave, 16 - 19 - iii- 1994 F small compound eye of male, lateral view; Kaimu, Burn Cave, 16 - iii- 1994 G stenopterous left metathoracic flight wing of male (elytron removed), dorsal view; Kau, Kona Mala, 21 - xi- 2017, lot HI 00179." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.59674.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553685" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">9D, F</figureCitation>
); pronotum moderately cordate to nearly quadrate, MPW/BPW = 1.17-1.34; anterior terminus of elytral apical recurrent groove (ARG) slightly to distinctly hooked and situated laterad position of interneur 4, ARG laterally encompassing the fourth discal seta Ed5-6 (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Paratachys terryli A-I Kauai: Namolokama Mtn. A, B macrophthalmic, brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 01 A dorsal habitus view B mentum and associated mouthparts, ventral view C-I compound eye, lateral view C macropterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 D brachypterous male; 21 - v- 2005 lot 8 E brachypterous male; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 F brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 G brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 H brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 I brachypterous female; 21 - v- 2005 lot 1 J Kauai: Upper Kawaikoi Stream at Alakai Swamp Trail, 16 - v- 1971; right metathoracic flight wing of male, vestigial morph (elytron removed); 14 - v- 1991 stop 91 - 26 B." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.59674.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553677" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paratachys spp., dorsal habitus view A P. arcanicola paralectotype female; Oahu: Honolulu (Bates collection, box 389) B P. perkinsi holotype female; Moloka'i, July 1894 (R. C. L. Perkins lot 170)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.59674.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553682" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paratachys haleakalae A dorsal habitus view B mentum and associated mouthparts, ventral view C larger compound eye of female, lateral view D smaller compound eye of male; lateral view E stenopterous left metathoracic flight wing of female (elytron removed), dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.59674.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553684" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">8A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Paratachys aaa A male, dorsal habitus view; Kau, Kona Mala, 21 - xi- 2017, lot HI 00179 B mentum and associated mouthparts, ventral view, of above male specimen C larger ovoid compound eye of female, lateral view; Mountain View, Kazumura Cave, 21 - xi- 2018, lot HI 00722 D moderately sized ovoid compound eye of male, lateral view; also lot HI 00722 E smaller rounded compound eye of male, lateral view; Kaimu, Burn Cave, 16 - 19 - iii- 1994 F small compound eye of male, lateral view; Kaimu, Burn Cave, 16 - iii- 1994 G stenopterous left metathoracic flight wing of male (elytron removed), dorsal view; Kau, Kona Mala, 21 - xi- 2017, lot HI 00179." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.59674.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553685" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">9A</figureCitation>
); elytral setation including ombilicate setae in an anterior series Eo1-4, a posterior series Eo5-8 associated with posterior sulcus, and Eo9 just mesad ARG, plus dorsal setae Ed1, Ed5-6, Ed7, and Ed8; interneur 8 with posterior sulcus in apical half of elytron, the anterior portion of sulcus directed away from the elytral lateral margin and encompassing setae Eo5-6, and setae Eo7 and Eo8 situated toward the elytral apex between i8 and the apical recurrent groove; and protibia expanded laterally at apical 1/4 of length (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Paratachys terryli A-I Kauai: Namolokama Mtn. A, B macrophthalmic, brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 01 A dorsal habitus view B mentum and associated mouthparts, ventral view C-I compound eye, lateral view C macropterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 D brachypterous male; 21 - v- 2005 lot 8 E brachypterous male; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 F brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 G brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 H brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 I brachypterous female; 21 - v- 2005 lot 1 J Kauai: Upper Kawaikoi Stream at Alakai Swamp Trail, 16 - v- 1971; right metathoracic flight wing of male, vestigial morph (elytron removed); 14 - v- 1991 stop 91 - 26 B." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.59674.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553677" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">1A</figureCitation>
), the associated latero-apical notch lined basally with a transverse row of closely spaced setae (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.006" author="Maddison, DR" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="151 - 176" refId="B71" refString="Maddison, DR, Kanda, K, Boyd, OF, Faille, A, Porch, N, Erwin, TL, Roig-Junent, S, 2019. Phylogeny of the beetle supertribe Trechitae (Coleoptera: Carabidae): unexpected clades, isolated lineages, and morphological convergence. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 132: 151 - 176, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.006" title="Phylogeny of the beetle supertribe Trechitae (Coleoptera: Carabidae): unexpected clades, isolated lineages, and morphological convergence." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.006" volume="132" year="2019">Maddison et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 7A).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.59674.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553677" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liebherr" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paratachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratachys terryli" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terryli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Paratachys terryli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">A-I</emphasis>
Kauai: Namolokama Mtn.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">A, B</emphasis>
macrophthalmic, brachypterous female; 23-v-2005 lot 01
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">A</emphasis>
dorsal habitus view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">B</emphasis>
mentum and associated mouthparts, ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">C-I</emphasis>
compound eye, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">C</emphasis>
macropterous female; 23-v-2005 lot 1
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">D</emphasis>
brachypterous male; 21-v-2005 lot 8
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">E</emphasis>
brachypterous male; 23-v-2005 lot 1
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">F</emphasis>
brachypterous female; 23-v-2005 lot 1
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">G</emphasis>
brachypterous female; 23-v-2005 lot 1
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">H</emphasis>
brachypterous female; 23-v-2005 lot 1
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">I</emphasis>
brachypterous female; 21-v-2005 lot 1
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">J</emphasis>
Kauai: Upper Kawaikoi Stream at Alakai Swamp Trail, 16-v-1971; right metathoracic flight wing of male, vestigial morph (elytron removed); 14-v-1991 stop 91-26B.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="229">
For Hawaiian taxa the position of the dorsal seta within the arcuate ARG differs from that in Neotropical
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paratachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Paratachys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.10033" author="Boyd, OF" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="87 - 123" refId="B16" refString="Boyd, OF, Erwin, TL, 2016. Taxonomic review of the New World Tachyina (Coleoptera, Carabidae): descriptions of new genera, subgenera, and species, with an updated key to the subtribe in the Americas. ZooKeys 626: 87 - 123, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.10033" title="Taxonomic review of the New World Tachyina (Coleoptera, Carabidae): descriptions of new genera, subgenera, and species, with an updated key to the subtribe in the Americas." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.10033" volume="626" year="2016">Boyd and Erwin 2016</bibRefCitation>
) by being situated near the middle of the arc (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Paratachys terryli A-I Kauai: Namolokama Mtn. A, B macrophthalmic, brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 01 A dorsal habitus view B mentum and associated mouthparts, ventral view C-I compound eye, lateral view C macropterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 D brachypterous male; 21 - v- 2005 lot 8 E brachypterous male; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 F brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 G brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 H brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 I brachypterous female; 21 - v- 2005 lot 1 J Kauai: Upper Kawaikoi Stream at Alakai Swamp Trail, 16 - v- 1971; right metathoracic flight wing of male, vestigial morph (elytron removed); 14 - v- 1991 stop 91 - 26 B." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.59674.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553677" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paratachys haleakalae A dorsal habitus view B mentum and associated mouthparts, ventral view C larger compound eye of female, lateral view D smaller compound eye of male; lateral view E stenopterous left metathoracic flight wing of female (elytron removed), dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.59674.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553684" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">8A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Paratachys aaa A male, dorsal habitus view; Kau, Kona Mala, 21 - xi- 2017, lot HI 00179 B mentum and associated mouthparts, ventral view, of above male specimen C larger ovoid compound eye of female, lateral view; Mountain View, Kazumura Cave, 21 - xi- 2018, lot HI 00722 D moderately sized ovoid compound eye of male, lateral view; also lot HI 00722 E smaller rounded compound eye of male, lateral view; Kaimu, Burn Cave, 16 - 19 - iii- 1994 F small compound eye of male, lateral view; Kaimu, Burn Cave, 16 - iii- 1994 G stenopterous left metathoracic flight wing of male (elytron removed), dorsal view; Kau, Kona Mala, 21 - xi- 2017, lot HI 00179." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.59674.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553685" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">9A</figureCitation>
), not further forward near the apical hooked terminus of the groove (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.10033" author="Boyd, OF" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="87 - 123" refId="B16" refString="Boyd, OF, Erwin, TL, 2016. Taxonomic review of the New World Tachyina (Coleoptera, Carabidae): descriptions of new genera, subgenera, and species, with an updated key to the subtribe in the Americas. ZooKeys 626: 87 - 123, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.10033" title="Taxonomic review of the New World Tachyina (Coleoptera, Carabidae): descriptions of new genera, subgenera, and species, with an updated key to the subtribe in the Americas." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.10033" volume="626" year="2016">Boyd and Erwin 2016</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1A, C). This suggests that the seta within the arc may represent Ed6 in Hawaiian
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paratachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Paratachys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, vs. Ed5 in Neotropical taxa (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.10033" author="Boyd, OF" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="87 - 123" refId="B16" refString="Boyd, OF, Erwin, TL, 2016. Taxonomic review of the New World Tachyina (Coleoptera, Carabidae): descriptions of new genera, subgenera, and species, with an updated key to the subtribe in the Americas. ZooKeys 626: 87 - 123, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.10033" title="Taxonomic review of the New World Tachyina (Coleoptera, Carabidae): descriptions of new genera, subgenera, and species, with an updated key to the subtribe in the Americas." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.10033" volume="626" year="2016">Boyd and Erwin 2016</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1A). An anterior placement of the seta mesad the hooked terminus of the ARG is also observed in Asian
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paratachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Paratachys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Andrewes, HE" journalOrPublisher="Annali di Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="327 - 502" refId="B1" refString="Andrewes, HE, 1925. A revision of the Oriental species of the genus Tachys. Annali di Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 51: 327 - 502" title="A revision of the Oriental species of the genus Tachys." volume="51" year="1925">Andrewes 1925</bibRefCitation>
: plate 3;
<bibRefCitation author="Tanaka, K" journalOrPublisher="Kontyu" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="207 - 211" refId="B89" refString="Tanaka, K, 1956. Notes on some species of the genera Tachys and Tachyura from Japan and the Loochoo Islands. Kontyu 24: 207 - 211" title="Notes on some species of the genera Tachys and Tachyura from Japan and the Loochoo Islands." volume="24" year="1956">Tanaka 1956</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1;
<bibRefCitation author="Tanaka, K" journalOrPublisher="Kontyu" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="37 - 41" refId="B90" refString="Tanaka, K, 1960. New or unrecorded Carabidae from Japan (I) (Coleoptera). Kontyu 28: 37 - 41" title="New or unrecorded Carabidae from Japan (I) (Coleoptera)." volume="28" year="1960">Tanaka 1960</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1;
<bibRefCitation author="Habu, A" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review of Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="35 - 40" refId="B41" refString="Habu, A, 1977. Two new species of ground beetles from Honshu, Japan (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Entomological Review of Japan 30: 35 - 40" title="Two new species of ground beetles from Honshu, Japan (Coleoptera, Carabidae)." volume="30" year="1977">Habu 1977</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.18476/sbna.v9.a6" author="Baehr, M" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Blaetter und Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="1 - 53" refId="B8" refString="Baehr, M, 2017. New tachyine species from the Oriental and Australian regions (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Bembidiini, Tachyina). Entomologische Blaetter und Coleoptera 113: 1 - 53, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18476/sbna.v9.a6" title="New tachyine species from the Oriental and Australian regions (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Bembidiini, Tachyina)." url="https://doi.org/10.18476/sbna.v9.a6" volume="113" year="2017">Baehr 2017</bibRefCitation>
: figs 29-34), the Palaearctic
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bistriatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" rank="species" species="bistriatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">P. bistriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Duftschmid) (
<bibRefCitation author="Jeannel, R" journalOrPublisher="Faune de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="1 - 572" refId="B52" refString="Jeannel, R, 1941. Coleopteres Carabiques, premiere partie. Faune de France 39: 1 - 572" title="Coleopteres Carabiques, premiere partie." volume="39" year="1941">Jeannel 1941</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 168A) as well as numerous other Palaearctic species (
<bibRefCitation author="Coulon, J" journalOrPublisher=")" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="65 - 93" refId="B23" refString="Coulon, J, 2004. Taxonomie des Eotachys de la region palearctique occidentale: description de sept taxons nouveaux (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae, Bembidiini). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie (N.S.) 21: 65 - 93" title="Taxonomie des Eotachys de la region palearctique occidentale: description de sept taxons nouveaux (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae, Bembidiini). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie (N. S." volume="21" year="2004">Coulon 2004</bibRefCitation>
: figs 2-4), various Madagascan species (
<bibRefCitation author="Jeannel, R" journalOrPublisher="Faune de l'Empire Francais" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="1 - 372" refId="B53" refString="Jeannel, R, 1946. Coleopteres Carabiques de la region Malgache (premiere partie). Faune de l'Empire Francais 6: 1 - 372" title="Coleopteres Carabiques de la region Malgache (premiere partie)." volume="6" year="1946">Jeannel 1946</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 154), Canary Island species (
<bibRefCitation author="Machado, A" journalOrPublisher="Instituto de Estudios Canarios, La Laguna, Tenerife" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" refId="B70" refString="Machado, A, 1992. Monografia de los Carabidos de Las Islas Canarios (Insecta, Coleoptera). Instituto de Estudios Canarios, La Laguna, Tenerife" title="Monografia de los Carabidos de Las Islas Canarios (Insecta, Coleoptera)." year="1992">Machado 1992</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 73C, D), and Nearctic taxa such as
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. proximus" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" rank="species" species="proximus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">P. proximus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Say) and
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. scitulus" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" rank="species" species="scitulus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">P. scitulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(LeConte) (
<bibRefCitation author="Lindroth, CH" journalOrPublisher="Opuscula Entomologica Supplementum" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="201 - 408" refId="B65" refString="Lindroth, CH, 1966. The ground beetles (Carabidae excl. Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska, part 3. Opuscula Entomologica Supplementum 24: 201 - 408" title="The ground beetles (Carabidae excl. Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska, part 3." volume="24" year="1966">Lindroth 1966</bibRefCitation>
: figs 209f, 222).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="229">
Finally, all Hawaiian species have the cuticular surfaces of head, prothorax, elytra, meso- and metathoracic sternites, abdominal ventrites, and femora covered with a pelage of fine microsetae (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Paratachys terryli A-I Kauai: Namolokama Mtn. A, B macrophthalmic, brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 01 A dorsal habitus view B mentum and associated mouthparts, ventral view C-I compound eye, lateral view C macropterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 D brachypterous male; 21 - v- 2005 lot 8 E brachypterous male; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 F brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 G brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 H brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 I brachypterous female; 21 - v- 2005 lot 1 J Kauai: Upper Kawaikoi Stream at Alakai Swamp Trail, 16 - v- 1971; right metathoracic flight wing of male, vestigial morph (elytron removed); 14 - v- 1991 stop 91 - 26 B." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.59674.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553677" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">1C-I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paratachys haleakalae A dorsal habitus view B mentum and associated mouthparts, ventral view C larger compound eye of female, lateral view D smaller compound eye of male; lateral view E stenopterous left metathoracic flight wing of female (elytron removed), dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.59674.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553684" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">8C, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Paratachys aaa A male, dorsal habitus view; Kau, Kona Mala, 21 - xi- 2017, lot HI 00179 B mentum and associated mouthparts, ventral view, of above male specimen C larger ovoid compound eye of female, lateral view; Mountain View, Kazumura Cave, 21 - xi- 2018, lot HI 00722 D moderately sized ovoid compound eye of male, lateral view; also lot HI 00722 E smaller rounded compound eye of male, lateral view; Kaimu, Burn Cave, 16 - 19 - iii- 1994 F small compound eye of male, lateral view; Kaimu, Burn Cave, 16 - iii- 1994 G stenopterous left metathoracic flight wing of male (elytron removed), dorsal view; Kau, Kona Mala, 21 - xi- 2017, lot HI 00179." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.59674.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553685" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">9C-F</figureCitation>
). These microsetae occur in line with the elytral interneurs, and on the compound eyes are set along the ommatidial margins (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Paratachys terryli A-I Kauai: Namolokama Mtn. A, B macrophthalmic, brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 01 A dorsal habitus view B mentum and associated mouthparts, ventral view C-I compound eye, lateral view C macropterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 D brachypterous male; 21 - v- 2005 lot 8 E brachypterous male; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 F brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 G brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 H brachypterous female; 23 - v- 2005 lot 1 I brachypterous female; 21 - v- 2005 lot 1 J Kauai: Upper Kawaikoi Stream at Alakai Swamp Trail, 16 - v- 1971; right metathoracic flight wing of male, vestigial morph (elytron removed); 14 - v- 1991 stop 91 - 26 B." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.59674.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553677" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">1B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paratachys haleakalae A dorsal habitus view B mentum and associated mouthparts, ventral view C larger compound eye of female, lateral view D smaller compound eye of male; lateral view E stenopterous left metathoracic flight wing of female (elytron removed), dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.59674.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553684" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">8B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Paratachys aaa A male, dorsal habitus view; Kau, Kona Mala, 21 - xi- 2017, lot HI 00179 B mentum and associated mouthparts, ventral view, of above male specimen C larger ovoid compound eye of female, lateral view; Mountain View, Kazumura Cave, 21 - xi- 2018, lot HI 00722 D moderately sized ovoid compound eye of male, lateral view; also lot HI 00722 E smaller rounded compound eye of male, lateral view; Kaimu, Burn Cave, 16 - 19 - iii- 1994 F small compound eye of male, lateral view; Kaimu, Burn Cave, 16 - iii- 1994 G stenopterous left metathoracic flight wing of male (elytron removed), dorsal view; Kau, Kona Mala, 21 - xi- 2017, lot HI 00179." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.59674.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553685" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">9B</figureCitation>
). Again, this configuration differs from that of Nearctic taxa such as
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. austinicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" rank="species" species="austinicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">P. austinicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Casey,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. proximus" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" rank="species" species="proximus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">P. proximus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. scitulus" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" rank="species" species="scitulus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">P. scitulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CUIC), in which only the meso- and metathoracic femora bear such a pelage and all other body surfaces are glabrous excepting macrosetae. It should be noted that some
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Tachys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. also have the ventral surface of the meso- and metathoracic femora covered with a sparse pelage; e.g.,
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. litoralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">T. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Casey,
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. mordax" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" rank="species" species="mordax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">T. mordax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
LeConte, and
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. vittiger" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" rank="species" species="vittiger">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">T. vittiger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
LeConte.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baehr" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Setitachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Setitachys macrops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrops">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Setitachys macrops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2016.1147116" author="Baehr, M" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="96 - 106" refId="B7" refString="Baehr, M, 2016. A peculiar new genus of the Bembidiine subtribe Tachyina from north Queensland, Australia (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Bembidiini, Tachyina). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 140: 96 - 106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2016.1147116" title="A peculiar new genus of the Bembidiine subtribe Tachyina from north Queensland, Australia (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Bembidiini, Tachyina)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2016.1147116" volume="140" year="2016">Baehr (2016)</bibRefCitation>
of northern Australia also bears a setose pelage over the body, but this species differs dramatically from the Hawaiian
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paratachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Paratachys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in mandibular length, pronotal shape, elytral striation, and aedeagal configuration, suggesting an independent origin for the pelage in the two lineages. Species of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Motschoulsky" authorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lymnastis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lymnastis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Lymnastis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Motschulsky-
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Micratopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micratopus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Micratopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Casey lineage (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.006" author="Maddison, DR" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="151 - 176" refId="B71" refString="Maddison, DR, Kanda, K, Boyd, OF, Faille, A, Porch, N, Erwin, TL, Roig-Junent, S, 2019. Phylogeny of the beetle supertribe Trechitae (Coleoptera: Carabidae): unexpected clades, isolated lineages, and morphological convergence. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 132: 151 - 176, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.006" title="Phylogeny of the beetle supertribe Trechitae (Coleoptera: Carabidae): unexpected clades, isolated lineages, and morphological convergence." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.006" volume="132" year="2019">Maddison et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
) are also characterized by such a full-body pelage (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2016.1147116" author="Baehr, M" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="96 - 106" refId="B7" refString="Baehr, M, 2016. A peculiar new genus of the Bembidiine subtribe Tachyina from north Queensland, Australia (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Bembidiini, Tachyina). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 140: 96 - 106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2016.1147116" title="A peculiar new genus of the Bembidiine subtribe Tachyina from north Queensland, Australia (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Bembidiini, Tachyina)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2016.1147116" volume="140" year="2016">Baehr 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="229" type="identification and generic placement">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Identification and generic placement.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="229">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.10033" author="Boyd, OF" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="87 - 123" refId="B16" refString="Boyd, OF, Erwin, TL, 2016. Taxonomic review of the New World Tachyina (Coleoptera, Carabidae): descriptions of new genera, subgenera, and species, with an updated key to the subtribe in the Americas. ZooKeys 626: 87 - 123, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.10033" title="Taxonomic review of the New World Tachyina (Coleoptera, Carabidae): descriptions of new genera, subgenera, and species, with an updated key to the subtribe in the Americas." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.10033" volume="626" year="2016">
Boyd and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Erwin’s">Erwin's</normalizedToken>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
key to New World
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Tachyina">Tachyina</taxonomicName>
supports generic assignment of Hawaiian
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paratachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Paratachys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
through use of the characters that diagnose the genus worldwide.
<bibRefCitation author="Andrewes, HE" journalOrPublisher="Annali di Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="327 - 502" refId="B1" refString="Andrewes, HE, 1925. A revision of the Oriental species of the genus Tachys. Annali di Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 51: 327 - 502" title="A revision of the Oriental species of the genus Tachys." volume="51" year="1925">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Andrewes’">Andrewes'</normalizedToken>
(1925)
</bibRefCitation>
key to Oriental
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Tachys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dejean sensu lato is based on a similar though simplified set of characters that assigns Hawaiian
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paratachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Paratachys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species to his &quot;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">triangularis</emphasis>
&quot; group. Finally,
<bibRefCitation author="Britton, EB" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="235 - 254" refId="B18" refString="Britton, EB, 1948. The carabid tribes Harpalini, Lebiini and Bembidiini in Hawaii (Coleoptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 13: 235 - 254" title="The carabid tribes Harpalini, Lebiini and Bembidiini in Hawaii (Coleoptera)." volume="13" year="1948">Britton (1948)</bibRefCitation>
could be used firstly to generically determine Hawaiian
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paratachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Paratachys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Tachys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and then as the only previously described species,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paratachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratachys arcanicola" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcanicola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Paratachys arcanicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Blackburn) (
<bibRefCitation author="Britton, EB" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="235 - 254" refId="B18" refString="Britton, EB, 1948. The carabid tribes Harpalini, Lebiini and Bembidiini in Hawaii (Coleoptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 13: 235 - 254" title="The carabid tribes Harpalini, Lebiini and Bembidiini in Hawaii (Coleoptera)." volume="13" year="1948">Britton 1948</bibRefCitation>
: 238), although
<normalizedToken originalValue="Britton’s">Britton's</normalizedToken>
keys do not utilize diagnostic characters (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.10033" author="Boyd, OF" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="87 - 123" refId="B16" refString="Boyd, OF, Erwin, TL, 2016. Taxonomic review of the New World Tachyina (Coleoptera, Carabidae): descriptions of new genera, subgenera, and species, with an updated key to the subtribe in the Americas. ZooKeys 626: 87 - 123, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.10033" title="Taxonomic review of the New World Tachyina (Coleoptera, Carabidae): descriptions of new genera, subgenera, and species, with an updated key to the subtribe in the Americas." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.10033" volume="626" year="2016">Boyd and Erwin 2016</bibRefCitation>
) that underlie taxonomic definition of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paratachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Paratachys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="229">
<bibRefCitation author="Coulon, J" journalOrPublisher=")" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="65 - 93" refId="B23" refString="Coulon, J, 2004. Taxonomie des Eotachys de la region palearctique occidentale: description de sept taxons nouveaux (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae, Bembidiini). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie (N.S.) 21: 65 - 93" title="Taxonomie des Eotachys de la region palearctique occidentale: description de sept taxons nouveaux (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae, Bembidiini). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie (N. S." volume="21" year="2004">Coulon (2004)</bibRefCitation>
distinguished European species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Eotachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eotachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Eotachys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Jeannel from those of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paratachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Paratachys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the complete eighth elytral interneur of the Nearctic
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. austinicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" rank="species" species="austinicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">P. austinicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Casey, type species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paratachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Paratachys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, vs. an interrupted eighth interneur in the European
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="W.J.MacLeay" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tachys bistriatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bistriatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Tachys bistriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Duftschmid, type species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Eotachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eotachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Eotachys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, as the European
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="W.J.MacLeay" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tachys bistriatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bistriatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Tachys bistriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is nested within a clade of New World
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paratachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Paratachys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., with the Hawaiian
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liebherr" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paratachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratachys terryli" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terryli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Paratachys terryli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(reported as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paratachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Paratachys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. &quot;U.S.A.: Hawaii&quot;) placed as their respective adelphotaxon in a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.006" author="Maddison, DR" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="151 - 176" refId="B71" refString="Maddison, DR, Kanda, K, Boyd, OF, Faille, A, Porch, N, Erwin, TL, Roig-Junent, S, 2019. Phylogeny of the beetle supertribe Trechitae (Coleoptera: Carabidae): unexpected clades, isolated lineages, and morphological convergence. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 132: 151 - 176, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.006" title="Phylogeny of the beetle supertribe Trechitae (Coleoptera: Carabidae): unexpected clades, isolated lineages, and morphological convergence." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.006" volume="132" year="2019">Maddison et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 12), the synonymy of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Eotachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eotachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Eotachys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
under
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paratachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="229">Paratachys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reported first by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/187631271X00239" author="Erwin, TL" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica" pageId="0" pageNumber="229" pagination="233 - 236" refId="B27" refString="Erwin, TL, 1971. Fossil tachyine beetles from Mexican and Baltic amber, with notes on a new synonymy of an extant group (Col, Carabidae). Entomologica Scandinavica 2: 233 - 236, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/187631271X00239" title="Fossil tachyine beetles from Mexican and Baltic amber, with notes on a new synonymy of an extant group (Col, Carabidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/187631271X00239" volume="2" year="1971">Erwin (1971)</bibRefCitation>
is corroborated, and herein accepted.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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