plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/43/6F/3F/436F3F3CFFF5FF86FC9BF95AFE201C8A.xml
maintenance f2ecfc26e1 added 43
2024-06-21 12:34:50 +02:00

289 lines
39 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="67BC522AD452C067E7ACCB8A006204EE" ID-DOI="10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00017.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5434598" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630433097816" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Monniot, Claude" docDate="2002" docId="436F3F3CFFF5FF86FC9BF95AFE201C8A" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2002.00017.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 135 (1)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00017.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Pyura scortea KOTT 1985" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="105" masterDocId="BF564744FFD0FFAEFFE9FFADFFD61A18" masterDocTitle="Stolidobranch ascidians from the tropical western Indian Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="120" masterPageNumber="65" pageNumber="102" updateTime="1699269219000" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="CEA722CED6D3B991C4690B861F019B9B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C06277028D30BA77E3FC1510D0DC93EA">
<mods:title id="621FDC9D97DB987BAAAB6F9B1BE09F9B">Stolidobranch ascidians from the tropical western Indian Ocean</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="1742C5BA0E88DE9D8FE00953247A5F29" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0FE222E02982247DC9418EAB43270A21">
<mods:roleTerm id="6A89D754AC807D5EF630534DE1D90CDD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BE2C857784BF21B0AEF20DFA9E2E3AA0">Monniot, Claude</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="BFAA5231B47398BE5CC59E0F19964A6E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="1C4947E815EFF3684A956E9D14F61416" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="90FDF273B9021C187030D063F15D6A4F">
<mods:title id="BC6CA70A9D6EDB611416D10C73D97DDD">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="2806AC305578F3E3024FAB7FB6816D13">
<mods:date id="8AA11F02ABF7A36AC0E0EA358544023A">2002</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="5560047DC165EA72DCC8B9C60115AAA9" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="31EF6E9733C7367424A7B73348745F92">2002-05-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="3749FE4ACD856EA66868BAA4108990D6" type="volume">
<mods:number id="409454DBE77FEE221F9DBC8D8E322161">135</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="FFD4381322E9A9902A66F87DCACC2BE0" type="issue">
<mods:number id="1C6D46215FD499C8BB06DE10849795D9">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="EBC41764DD62880E588B35B006F16E69" unit="page">
<mods:start id="1879955140FD83DCD52E1C3AFAD7B53D">65</mods:start>
<mods:end id="DAFE1F33DA329D56053D1DA60C5B6D84">120</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="3C8ACE85D8E2FAE0FDCAC43B660ACFEE">
<mods:url id="3BAECE0C54010378A46B67066F6805FA">https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00017.x</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="90114006EF1522BC63B8DF88EFFC1827">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="3906A112A5189ED3EA6513E8B4A09FC5" type="DOI">10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00017.x</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F915EE94BF8C138DF522F00218FF5C79" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5EA318D348D6697F45907D30637304BE" type="Zenodo-Dep">5434598</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="436F3F3CFFF5FF86FC9BF95AFE201C8A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:436F3F3CFFF5FF86FC9BF95AFE201C8A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/436F3F3CFFF5FF86FC9BF95AFE201C8A" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="37" pageNumber="102">
<subSubSection id="83DCDDA1FFF5FF8BFC9BF95AFA881D16" box="[882,1374,1782,1806]" pageId="37" pageNumber="102" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF5FF8BFC9BF95AFA881D16" blockId="37.[882,1374,1782,1806]" box="[882,1374,1782,1806]" pageId="37" pageNumber="102">
<heading id="90313946FFF5FF8BFC9BF95AFA881D16" box="[882,1374,1782,1806]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="102" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="0CC6F5A9FFF5FF8BFC9BF95AFB6F1D16" ID-CoL="4QYB9" authority="KOTT, 1985" authorityName="KOTT" authorityYear="1985" box="[882,1209,1782,1806]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="37" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scortea">
<emphasis id="F9B25238FFF5FF8BFC9BF95AFBFA1D15" box="[882,1068,1783,1806]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="102">PYURA SCORTEA</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF57F3DBFFF5FF8BFBDDF95BFB6F1D16" author="Kott P" box="[1076,1209,1782,1806]" pageId="37" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 440" refId="ref27718" refString="Kott P. 1985. The Australian Ascidiacea. Part I. Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 23: 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">KOTT, 1985</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53FD92AFFFF5FF8BFB20F95BFAE21D16" box="[1225,1332,1782,1806]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="36.[145,224,1627,1648]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1597]" captionTargetId="figure-115@36.[145,1425,195,1597]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 27. Siphonal spinules: A, Pyura gangelion; B, Pyura scortea; C, Pyura tongae; D, Microcosmus madagascariensis; E, Microcosmus pupa. Scale bars: A,C,D,E = 100 mm, B = 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5434652" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5434652/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="102">Figs 27B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="53FD92AFFFF5FF8BFAD0F95BFA811D16" box="[1337,1367,1782,1806]" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="38.[145,224,1022,1043]" captionTargetBox="[148,1424,198,988]" captionTargetId="figure-353@38.[137,1431,186,1000]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 29. Pyura scortea: A, specimen from the Seychelles ventrally opened. B, right side of the body. C, specimen from Djibouti. Scale bars = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5434656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5434656/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="102">29</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83DCDDA1FFF5FF8BFCDDF8B2FC111D6A" pageId="37" pageNumber="102" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF5FF8BFCDDF8B2FC111D6A" blockId="37.[820,1437,1822,1906]" pageId="37" pageNumber="102">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="EBD6A904FFF5FF8BFCDDF8B2FC111D6A" pageId="37" pageNumber="102">
<treatmentCitation id="4A67A83BFFF5FF8BFCDDF8B2FB701D2C" author="Kott P" box="[820,1190,1822,1844]" page="324" pageId="37" pageNumber="102" year="1985">
<taxonomicName id="0CC6F5A9FFF5FF8BFCDDF8B2FB701D2C" ID-CoL="4QYB9" authority="Kott, 1985: 324" authorityName="KOTT" authorityPageNumber="324" authorityYear="1985" box="[820,1190,1822,1844]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="37" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scortea">
<emphasis id="F9B25238FFF5FF8BFCDDF8B2FC011D2C" box="[820,983,1823,1844]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="102">Pyura scortea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF57F3DBFFF5FF8BFC0CF8B2FB701D2C" author="Kott P" box="[997,1190,1822,1844]" pageId="37" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 440" refId="ref27718" refString="Kott P. 1985. The Australian Ascidiacea. Part I. Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 23: 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott, 1985: 324</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 159 – Western Australia; not Monniot C., 1989: 487 –
<collectingCountry id="B3D1CEBAFFF5FF8BFA80F893FC151D6A" name="New Caledonia" pageId="37" pageNumber="102">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="9FB9DEA2FFF6FF88FF78FC53FE661E28" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5434656" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5434656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5434656/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="103" startId="38.[145,224,1022,1043]" targetBox="[148,1424,198,988]" targetPageId="38">
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF6FF88FF78FC53FE661E28" blockId="38.[145,1425,1022,1073]" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="F9B25238FFF6FF88FF78FC53FEDE1E0B" bold="true" box="[145,264,1022,1043]" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">Figure 29.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0CC6F5A9FFF6FF88FEFAFC53FE751E0B" authorityName="KOTT" authorityYear="1985" box="[275,419,1022,1043]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="38" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scortea">
<emphasis id="F9B25238FFF6FF88FEFAFC53FE751E0B" box="[275,419,1022,1043]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">Pyura scortea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A, specimen from the Seychelles ventrally opened. B, right side of the body. C, specimen from Djibouti. Scale bars = 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="83DCDDA1FFF6FF89FF78FB0CFDC91BC1" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="38" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF6FF88FF78FB0CFF201EA1" blockId="38.[145,567,1185,1239]" box="[145,246,1185,1209]" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="F9B25238FFF6FF88FF78FB0CFF201EA1" box="[145,246,1185,1209]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">Material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF6FF88FF78FB6CFDE11ECF" blockId="38.[145,567,1185,1239]" box="[145,567,1217,1239]" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">
<collectingCountry id="B3D1CEBAFFF6FF88FF78FB6CFEDD1ECF" box="[145,267,1217,1239]" name="Seychelles" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingCountry id="B3D1CEBAFFF6FF88FEFEFB6CFE8C1ECF" box="[279,346,1217,1239]" name="India" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">Mahé</collectingCountry>
, anse à la Mouche.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF6FF88FF78FB42FD6F1F1D" blockId="38.[145,697,1263,1285]" box="[145,697,1263,1285]" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">
<collectingCountry id="B3D1CEBAFFF6FF88FF78FB42FEF01F1D" box="[145,294,1263,1285]" name="Mozambique" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
: Ibo Island, coll. C. Monniot, 1995.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF6FF88FF78FAB0FDD61F2B" blockId="38.[145,512,1309,1331]" box="[145,512,1309,1331]" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">
<collectingCountry id="B3D1CEBAFFF6FF88FF78FAB0FF271F2B" box="[145,241,1309,1331]" name="Djibouti" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">Djibouti</collectingCountry>
, coll. C.
<bibRefCitation id="AF57F3DBFFF6FF88FEBAFAB0FE2A1F2B" author="Monniot F &amp; Monniot C" box="[339,508,1309,1331]" pageId="38" pageNumber="103" pagination="133 - 279" refId="ref28928" refString="Monniot F, Monniot C. 1996. New collections of ascidians from the Western Pacific and Southeastern Asia. Micronesica 29: 133 - 279." type="journal article" year="1996">Monniot, 1996</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF6FF88FF78FAFCFEC01F70" blockId="38.[145,761,1361,1906]" box="[145,278,1361,1384]" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="F9B25238FFF6FF88FF78FAFCFEC01F70" box="[145,278,1361,1384]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF6FF88FF78FADCFEDC1C65" blockId="38.[145,761,1361,1906]" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">
The body lies in a thick, hard tunic that is corrugated at the surface. The body shape varies according to the substrate; the animal is fixed by its ventral side. The specimen collected in the
<collectingCountry id="B3D1CEBAFFF6FF88FE51FA60FDF91FFB" box="[440,559,1485,1507]" name="Seychelles" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
is
<quantity id="0C3E23CFFFF6FF88FDBBFA60FD521FFB" box="[594,644,1485,1507]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="103" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
in diameter, the others are smaller. All have long, red siphons set apart by half the body length. The tunic lining of the siphons remains red in formalin. The siphonal spinules form conical scales with a straight edge (
<figureCitation id="53FD92AFFFF6FF88FF70F9CBFF281C65" box="[153,254,1638,1661]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="36.[145,224,1627,1648]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1597]" captionTargetId="figure-115@36.[145,1425,195,1597]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 27. Siphonal spinules: A, Pyura gangelion; B, Pyura scortea; C, Pyura tongae; D, Microcosmus madagascariensis; E, Microcosmus pupa. Scale bars: A,C,D,E = 100 mm, B = 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5434652" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5434652/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">Fig. 27B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF6FF88FF40F928FC421ECF" blockId="38.[145,761,1361,1906]" lastBlockId="38.[809,1426,1186,1668]" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">
The body wall is thin but contains a strong musculature. Longitudinal fibres coming from the siphons cross each other, and the most dorsal ones fuse. The oral tentacles are slightly branched. The prepharyngeal band forms a deep dorsal
<collectionCode id="ADD716EFFFF6FF88FDC4F8ADFDE91D0D" box="[557,575,1792,1813]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="38" pageNumber="103" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
prolonged by a groove. The slit of the round dorsal tubercle is C-shaped, opening anteriorly. The six high folds on each side contain about 20 vessels each. Each longitudinal vessel ends in a papilla at the oesophagus entrance.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF6FF88FCA8FB4DFCA81F69" blockId="38.[809,1426,1186,1668]" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">
The gut forms a long, rather open loop, without a secondary curve (
<figureCitation id="53FD92AFFFF6FF88FC1CFB53FBA01F0D" box="[1013,1142,1278,1301]" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="38.[145,224,1022,1043]" captionTargetBox="[148,1424,198,988]" captionTargetId="figure-353@38.[137,1431,186,1000]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 29. Pyura scortea: A, specimen from the Seychelles ventrally opened. B, right side of the body. C, specimen from Djibouti. Scale bars = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5434656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5434656/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">Fig. 29A,C</figureCitation>
). The anus rim is wavy. The hepatic gland is divided along the stomach into several lobes, resembling a cauliflower (
<figureCitation id="53FD92AFFFF6FF88FA8DFA91FCA41F69" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="38.[145,224,1022,1043]" captionTargetBox="[148,1424,198,988]" captionTargetId="figure-353@38.[137,1431,186,1000]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 29. Pyura scortea: A, specimen from the Seychelles ventrally opened. B, right side of the body. C, specimen from Djibouti. Scale bars = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5434656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5434656/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">Fig. 29A,C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF6FF88FCA8FAD4FB271C30" blockId="38.[809,1426,1186,1668]" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">
The gonads, one on each side, comprise lobes linked by thin ducts to a straight axial gonoduct (
<figureCitation id="53FD92AFFFF6FF88FAEAFA35FA501FB6" box="[1283,1414,1432,1454]" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="38.[145,224,1022,1043]" captionTargetBox="[148,1424,198,988]" captionTargetId="figure-353@38.[137,1431,186,1000]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 29. Pyura scortea: A, specimen from the Seychelles ventrally opened. B, right side of the body. C, specimen from Djibouti. Scale bars = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5434656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5434656/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">Fig. 29A–C</figureCitation>
). Only the terminal part of the sperm duct and oviduct are curved toward the cloacal aperture; they are narrow and do not contain gametes. The gonads are only loosely connected to the body wall.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF6FF88FCA8F99CFB8E1C5F" blockId="38.[809,1426,1186,1668]" box="[833,1112,1585,1607]" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">There are no endocarps.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF6FF88FCA8F9FDFC391C9C" blockId="38.[809,1426,1186,1668]" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">The cloacal velum is wide, arising from a scalloped basal membrane.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF6FF88FCC0F96CFC471CC1" blockId="38.[809,1426,1729,1906]" box="[809,913,1729,1753]" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="F9B25238FFF6FF88FCC0F96CFC471CC1" box="[809,913,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF6FF89FCC0F94CFE971B4E" blockId="38.[809,1426,1729,1906]" lastBlockId="39.[156,773,197,342]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">
The specimens collected in the western Indian Ocean correspond well to
<bibRefCitation id="AF57F3DBFFF6FF88FB8EF8ADFB281D0E" author="Kott P" box="[1127,1278,1792,1814]" pageId="38" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 440" refId="ref27718" refString="Kott P. 1985. The Australian Ascidiacea. Part I. Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 23: 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott’s (1985)</bibRefCitation>
description.
<bibRefCitation id="AF57F3DBFFF6FF88FCC0F8B3FC0C1D2D" author="Monniot C &amp; Monniot F" box="[809,986,1822,1845]" pageId="38" pageNumber="103" pagination="229 - 245" refId="ref28705" refString="Monniot C, Monniot F. 1989. Ascidies (MUSORSTOM 1 and 2). In: Resultats des Campagnes Musorstom, Vol. 4. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, Serie A 143: 229 - 245." type="journal article" year="1989">Monniot (1989)</bibRefCitation>
identified large specimens from
<collectingCountry id="B3D1CEBAFFF6FF88FAB4F8B2FC4A1D4B" name="New Caledonia" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
as
<taxonomicName id="0CC6F5A9FFF6FF88FC39F893FB971D4B" authorityName="KOTT" authorityYear="1985" box="[976,1089,1854,1875]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="38" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scortea">
<emphasis id="F9B25238FFF6FF88FC39F893FB971D4B" box="[976,1089,1854,1875]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="103">P. scortea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These specimens differ by having endocarps of variable number and size, and a hepatic gland that forms a single mass.
<taxonomicName id="0CC6F5A9FFF7FF89FD6FFF6BFD231AC3" authorityName="KOTT" authorityYear="1985" box="[646,757,198,219]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="39" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scortea">
<emphasis id="F9B25238FFF7FF89FD6FFF6BFD231AC3" box="[646,757,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">P. scortea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’s constancy of anatomical characters in the Indian Ocean confirms the
<typeStatus id="147D3088FFF7FF89FE96FEAFFE361B00" box="[383,480,258,280]" pageId="39" pageNumber="104" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
description and indicates that the New Caledonian specimens belong to a different species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF7FF89FF40FE0FFDC91BC1" blockId="39.[169,760,417,473]" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName id="0CC6F5A9FFF7FF89FF40FE0FFD2E1BA1" authority="MONNIOT C. &amp; MONNIOT F., 1976" authorityName="MONNIOT C. &amp; MONNIOT F." authorityYear="1976" box="[169,760,417,441]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="39" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tongaea">
<emphasis id="F9B25238FFF7FF89FF40FE0FFEB01BA0" box="[169,358,418,441]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">PYURA TONGAEA</emphasis>
MONNIOT C. &amp; MONNIOT F., 1976
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53FD92AFFFF7FF89FE63FE6CFE231BC1" box="[394,501,449,473]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="36.[145,224,1627,1648]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1597]" captionTargetId="figure-115@36.[145,1425,195,1597]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 27. Siphonal spinules: A, Pyura gangelion; B, Pyura scortea; C, Pyura tongae; D, Microcosmus madagascariensis; E, Microcosmus pupa. Scale bars: A,C,D,E = 100 mm, B = 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5434652" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5434652/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">Figs 27C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="53FD92AFFFF7FF89FE10FE6CFDC01BC1" box="[505,534,449,473]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="39.[156,235,1854,1875]" captionTargetBox="[167,1430,763,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-181@39.[150,1442,746,1832]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 30. Pyura tongae: A,B, both sides of the body. C, body ventrally opened. D, part of the gonad. E, genital papillae. Scale bars: A,B,D = 1mm, C,E = O.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5434658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5434658/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">30</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83DCDDA1FFF7FF89FF75FE46FE401844" pageId="39" pageNumber="104" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF7FF89FF75FE46FCD31806" blockId="39.[156,773,490,604]" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="EBD6A904FFF7FF89FF75FE46FCD31806" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName id="0CC6F5A9FFF7FF89FF75FE46FD001BE7" authority="Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F., 1976: 381" authorityName="Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F." authorityPageNumber="381" authorityYear="1976" box="[156,726,490,512]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="39" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tongae">
<emphasis id="F9B25238FFF7FF89FF75FE46FEE41818" box="[156,306,491,512]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">Pyura tongae</emphasis>
Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F., 1976: 381
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 6A –
<collectingCountry id="B3D1CEBAFFF7FF89FF06FDA5FE521806" box="[239,388,520,542]" name="Mozambique" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
;
<treatmentCitation id="4A67A83BFFF7FF89FE66FDA5FD861806" author="Millar RH" box="[399,592,520,542]" page="840" pageId="39" pageNumber="104" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="AF57F3DBFFF7FF89FE66FDA5FD861806" author="Millar RH" box="[399,592,520,542]" pageId="39" pageNumber="104" pagination="823 - 848" refId="ref28237" refString="Millar RH. 1988. Ascidians collected during the International Indian Ocean Expedition. Journal of Natural History 22: 823 - 848." type="journal article" year="1988">Millar, 1988: 840</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
–
<collectingCountry id="B3D1CEBAFFF7FF89FD85FDA5FCD71806" box="[620,769,520,542]" name="Mozambique" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF7FF89FF75FD85FE401844" blockId="39.[156,773,490,604]" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="EBD6A904FFF7FF89FF75FD85FE401844" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName id="0CC6F5A9FFF7FF89FF75FD85FEBC1824" ID-CoL="4QYB5" authorityName=": Michaelsen" authorityYear="1918" box="[156,362,551,573]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="39" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sansibarica">
<emphasis id="F9B25238FFF7FF89FF75FD85FEBC1824" box="[156,362,551,573]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">Pyura sansibarica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, not
<bibRefCitation id="AF57F3DBFFF7FF89FE4BFD8AFDBC1824" author="Michaelsen W" box="[418,618,551,573]" pageId="39" pageNumber="104" pagination="225 - 287" refId="ref27947" refString="Michaelsen W. 1908. Die Pyuriden ' Halocynthiiden' des Naturhistorischen Museums zu Hamburg. Mittelungen aus dem zoologischen Museum Hamburg 25: 225 - 287." type="journal article" year="1908">Michaelsen, 1908</bibRefCitation>
,
<treatmentCitation id="4A67A83BFFF7FF89FD9DFD8AFF081843" author="Millar RH" page="929" pageId="39" pageNumber="104" year="1956">
<bibRefCitation id="AF57F3DBFFF7FF89FD9DFD8AFF081843" author="Millar RH" pageId="39" pageNumber="104" pagination="913 - 932" refId="ref28186" refString="Millar RH. 1956. Ascidians from Mozambique, East Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 12: 913 - 932." type="journal article" year="1956">Millar, 1956: 929</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
–
<collectingCountry id="B3D1CEBAFFF7FF89FF15FDEBFE471844" box="[252,401,582,604]" name="Mozambique" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83DCDDA1FFF7FF86FCDDFF69FE201C8A" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="39" pageNumber="104" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF7FF89FCDDFF69FC4F1AC4" blockId="39.[820,1316,196,250]" box="[820,921,196,220]" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="F9B25238FFF7FF89FCDDFF69FC4F1AC4" box="[820,921,196,220]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">Material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF7FF89FCDDFF49FAF21AE2" blockId="39.[820,1316,196,250]" box="[820,1316,228,250]" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">
<collectingCountry id="B3D1CEBAFFF7FF89FCDDFF49FC141AE2" box="[820,962,228,250]" name="Madagascar" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
: Nosy-Be, coll.
<collectionCode id="ADD716EFFFF7FF89FB9AFF48FB5E1AE2" box="[1139,1160,229,250]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">R</collectionCode>
. Plante, 1966
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF7FF89FCDDFEBFFB721B30" blockId="39.[820,1188,274,296]" box="[820,1188,274,296]" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">
<collectingCountry id="B3D1CEBAFFF7FF89FCDDFEBFFC421B30" box="[820,916,274,296]" name="Djibouti" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">Djibouti</collectingCountry>
, coll. C.
<bibRefCitation id="AF57F3DBFFF7FF89FC1EFEBFFB491B30" author="Monniot F &amp; Monniot C" box="[1015,1183,274,296]" pageId="39" pageNumber="104" pagination="133 - 279" refId="ref28928" refString="Monniot F, Monniot C. 1996. New collections of ascidians from the Western Pacific and Southeastern Asia. Micronesica 29: 133 - 279." type="journal article" year="1996">Monniot, 1996</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF7FF89FCDDFEE2FC6F1B7E" blockId="39.[820,1436,335,604]" box="[820,953,335,358]" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="F9B25238FFF7FF89FCDDFEE2FC6F1B7E" box="[820,953,335,358]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF7FF89FCDDFEC2FB9B1843" blockId="39.[820,1436,335,604]" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">
The body,
<quantity id="0C3E23CFFFF7FF89FC45FEC2FBD91B9D" box="[940,1039,367,389]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="104" unit="cm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.0">1–2.5 cm</quantity>
in diameter, is covered with sediment. The short siphons have needle-shaped spinules (
<figureCitation id="53FD92AFFFF7FF89FCD5FE00FC751BDB" box="[828,931,429,451]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="36.[145,224,1627,1648]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1597]" captionTargetId="figure-115@36.[145,1425,195,1597]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 27. Siphonal spinules: A, Pyura gangelion; B, Pyura scortea; C, Pyura tongae; D, Microcosmus madagascariensis; E, Microcosmus pupa. Scale bars: A,C,D,E = 100 mm, B = 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5434652" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5434652/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">Fig. 27C</figureCitation>
). The tunic is about
<quantity id="0C3E23CFFFF7FF89FB71FE00FB001BDA" box="[1176,1238,429,450]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
thick, embedded with sand except for a thin, soft, internal layer. The body wall is transparent and shows a musculature comprising large fibres, regularly spaced and crossed, that issue from the siphons. The gonads and gut can be seen in transparency.
</paragraph>
<caption id="9FB9DEA2FFF7FF89FF75F893FD981D69" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5434658" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5434658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5434658/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="104" startId="39.[156,235,1854,1875]" targetBox="[167,1430,763,1821]" targetPageId="39">
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF7FF89FF75F893FD981D69" blockId="39.[156,1437,1854,1906]" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="F9B25238FFF7FF89FF75F893FEC51D4B" bold="true" box="[156,275,1854,1875]" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">Figure 30.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0CC6F5A9FFF7FF89FEF7F892FE7F1D4C" box="[286,425,1855,1876]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="39" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tongae">
<emphasis id="F9B25238FFF7FF89FEF7F892FE7F1D4C" box="[286,425,1855,1876]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="104">Pyura tongae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A,B, both sides of the body. C, body ventrally opened. D, part of the gonad. E, genital papillae. Scale bars: A,B,D = 1 mm, C,E = O.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF8FF86FF40FF68FDFA1AC3" blockId="40.[145,762,197,1384]" box="[169,556,197,219]" pageId="40" pageNumber="105">Both siphons have a large velum.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF8FF86FF40FF49FF2C1BAA" blockId="40.[145,762,197,1384]" pageId="40" pageNumber="105">About 20 oral tentacles are arranged in three orders of size and are twice ramified. The prepharyngeal band has two unequal rims, the anterior one thick and the posterior one a blade. The dorsal tubercle forms a button with a C-shaped opening, that lies in a dorsal indentation. The long dorsal lamina is cut into sharp languets.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF8FF86FF40FE17FDEE1853" blockId="40.[145,762,197,1384]" pageId="40" pageNumber="105">The branchial sac has six high folds on each side. 18–20 longitudinal vessels were counted on the folds and 3–4 vessels between the folds. These vessels end around the oesophagus entrance in long, sharp papillae. There are parastigmatic vessels.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF8FF86FF40FDF9FE451947" blockId="40.[145,762,197,1384]" pageId="40" pageNumber="105">
The oesophagus is very short (
<figureCitation id="53FD92AFFFF8FF86FE16FDF9FDB41872" box="[511,610,596,618]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="39.[156,235,1854,1875]" captionTargetBox="[167,1430,763,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-181@39.[150,1442,746,1832]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 30. Pyura tongae: A,B, both sides of the body. C, body ventrally opened. D, part of the gonad. E, genital papillae. Scale bars: A,B,D = 1mm, C,E = O.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5434658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5434658/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="105">Fig. 30C</figureCitation>
). The hepatic gland presents several very branched lobes along an unconspicuous stomach. The hepatic lobe located on the pyloric side of the stomach is the most voluminous lobe; it is pedunculated and of a pale colour. The long primary loop of the intestine reaches almost to the anterior limit of the branchial sac (
<figureCitation id="53FD92AFFFF8FF86FDA0FCA1FD65193A" box="[585,691,780,802]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="39.[156,235,1854,1875]" captionTargetBox="[167,1430,763,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-181@39.[150,1442,746,1832]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 30. Pyura tongae: A,B, both sides of the body. C, body ventrally opened. D, part of the gonad. E, genital papillae. Scale bars: A,B,D = 1mm, C,E = O.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5434658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5434658/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="105">Fig. 30C</figureCitation>
). The rectum curves in a short secondary loop. The anus is wide open and simple.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF8FF86FF40FCC5FDC31E6B" blockId="40.[145,762,197,1384]" pageId="40" pageNumber="105">
The gonads are in the shape of an arc on each side of the body (
<figureCitation id="53FD92AFFFF8FF86FECBFC2BFE7E1985" box="[290,424,902,925]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="39.[156,235,1854,1875]" captionTargetBox="[167,1430,763,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-181@39.[150,1442,746,1832]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 30. Pyura tongae: A,B, both sides of the body. C, body ventrally opened. D, part of the gonad. E, genital papillae. Scale bars: A,B,D = 1mm, C,E = O.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5434658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5434658/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="105">Fig. 30A–C</figureCitation>
). The left gonad occupies the intestinal loop (
<figureCitation id="53FD92AFFFF8FF86FEA6FC08FE6F19A3" box="[335,441,933,955]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="39.[156,235,1854,1875]" captionTargetBox="[167,1430,763,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-181@39.[150,1442,746,1832]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 30. Pyura tongae: A,B, both sides of the body. C, body ventrally opened. D, part of the gonad. E, genital papillae. Scale bars: A,B,D = 1mm, C,E = O.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5434658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5434658/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="105">Fig. 30C</figureCitation>
). The gonads are made of lobes protruding from the body wall and alternating regularly on each side of a wide oviduct (
<figureCitation id="53FD92AFFFF8FF86FD6CFC4FFD3B19E1" box="[645,749,994,1017]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="39.[156,235,1854,1875]" captionTargetBox="[167,1430,763,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-181@39.[150,1442,746,1832]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 30. Pyura tongae: A,B, both sides of the body. C, body ventrally opened. D, part of the gonad. E, genital papillae. Scale bars: A,B,D = 1mm, C,E = O.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5434658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5434658/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="105">Fig. 30C</figureCitation>
). Each lobe comprises an ovarian part and an apical testis (
<figureCitation id="53FD92AFFFF8FF86FF0AFB8DFE9B1E2E" box="[227,333,1056,1078]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="39.[156,235,1854,1875]" captionTargetBox="[167,1430,763,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-181@39.[150,1442,746,1832]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 30. Pyura tongae: A,B, both sides of the body. C, body ventrally opened. D, part of the gonad. E, genital papillae. Scale bars: A,B,D = 1mm, C,E = O.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5434658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5434658/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="105">Fig. 30D</figureCitation>
). A common sperm duct lies on the ovarian axis. The genital papillae are close together, opening near the anus (
<figureCitation id="53FD92AFFFF8FF86FE4DFBF0FDDC1E6B" box="[420,522,1117,1139]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="39.[156,235,1854,1875]" captionTargetBox="[167,1430,763,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-181@39.[150,1442,746,1832]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 30. Pyura tongae: A,B, both sides of the body. C, body ventrally opened. D, part of the gonad. E, genital papillae. Scale bars: A,B,D = 1mm, C,E = O.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5434658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5434658/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="105">Fig. 30E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF8FF86FF40FBD1FE9F1F33" blockId="40.[145,762,197,1384]" pageId="40" pageNumber="105">
Variably numerous endocarps lie along the outer curve of the intestinal loop (
<figureCitation id="53FD92AFFFF8FF86FE35FB37FD951EA9" box="[476,579,1178,1201]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="39.[156,235,1854,1875]" captionTargetBox="[167,1430,763,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-181@39.[150,1442,746,1832]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 30. Pyura tongae: A,B, both sides of the body. C, body ventrally opened. D, part of the gonad. E, genital papillae. Scale bars: A,B,D = 1mm, C,E = O.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5434658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5434658/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="105">Fig. 30C</figureCitation>
). They are only at the level of the stomach and rectum in small specimens, but all around the gut in larger animals. Small endocarps are also found on the gonad lobes, but none along the heart.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF8FF86FF40FA99FE271F70" blockId="40.[145,762,197,1384]" pageId="40" pageNumber="105">The cloacal velum is particularly well developed. There are no cloacal tentacles.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF8FF86FF78FA08FF2F1FA5" blockId="40.[145,761,1445,1683]" box="[145,249,1445,1469]" pageId="40" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="F9B25238FFF8FF86FF78FA08FF2F1FA5" box="[145,249,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="105">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF8FF86FF78FA68FE081C4E" blockId="40.[145,761,1445,1683]" pageId="40" pageNumber="105">
The general organization of this species is very similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="0CC6F5A9FFF8FF86FEE0FA48FD531FE2" authority="(Savigny, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="SAVIGNY" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[265,645,1508,1530]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="40" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gangelion">
<emphasis id="F9B25238FFF8FF86FEE0FA48FE101FE1" box="[265,454,1508,1530]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="105">Pyura gangelion</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF57F3DBFFF8FF86FE31FA49FDAA1FE2" author="Savigny JC" box="[472,636,1508,1530]" pageId="40" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 239" refId="ref29252" refString="Savigny JC. 1816. Memoires sur les animaux sans vertebres. Paris 1816: 1 - 239." type="journal article" year="1816">Savigny, 1816</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. It differs by having a smaller size, the constant presence of embedded sand in the tunic, and the absence of endocarps on the body wall itself.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB798E2AFFF8FF86FF40F9F2FE201C8A" blockId="40.[145,761,1445,1683]" pageId="40" pageNumber="105">
<taxonomicName id="0CC6F5A9FFF8FF86FF40F9F2FE831C6C" box="[169,341,1631,1652]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="40" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tongaea">
<emphasis id="F9B25238FFF8FF86FF40F9F2FE831C6C" box="[169,341,1631,1652]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="105">Pyura tongaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently known only from the western tropical Indian Ocean.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink