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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="25575" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e38171" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1042ebd4-abca-4d3c-bf36-47b0438c4da1" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2682-955X-32-177" ID-Pensoft-UUID="A38192A7447F50479854563CC9F83BA7" ID-ZooBank="54B962BCDDA544CB84C33A7B6A8AB0D0" ModsDocID="2682-955X-32-177" checkinTime="1568198792308" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jablonski, Daniel, Regan, John M., Holzheuser, Chace, Farooqi, Javeed, Basit, Abdul &amp; Masroor, Rafaqat" docDate="2019" docId="B91DAF009A5B5BC19371ED8138F4E063" docLanguage="en" docName="Herpetozoa 32: 177-193" docOrigin="Herpetozoa 32" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e38171" docTitle="Bufotes viridis complex" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="A38192A7447F50479854563CC9F83BA7" lastPageNumber="177" masterDocId="A38192A7447F50479854563CC9F83BA7" masterDocTitle="Additional data to the herpetofauna of Afghanistan" masterLastPageNumber="193" masterPageNumber="177" pageNumber="177" updateTime="1732685528512" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="FC165477935DC22BB0E9FD1AB23CC057">Additional data to the herpetofauna of Afghanistan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1AF407A5820B8BB60AB71B2ACDEE06B3">Jablonski, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7A069F91273A0AF4A29DE9C51A85EED2">Regan, John M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="82CF4EA2EAD8FDAA366BDE0217AA0CFF">Holzheuser, Chace</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FF1A97F2102CA1C58EFE1170B627A54F">Farooqi, Javeed</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BC37EAFDECA4855CDD15A6EAF14D39C6">Basit, Abdul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="533300544B9D7FB38B310068655ED174">Masroor, Rafaqat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9611774F7F2D533B046945D162FD789B">Herpetozoa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A5D4A018AD24B4524A559C98232FDFF0">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="220634BE9DEF7897F047BCCCFF9079D0">32</mods:number>
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<treatment id="B91DAF009A5B5BC19371ED8138F4E063" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159412900" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B91DAF009A5B5BC19371ED8138F4E063" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B91DAF009A5B5BC19371ED8138F4E063" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" scope_class="Amphibia" scope_family="Bufonidae" scope_order="Anura">
<subSubSection id="87BCF58142CD8CC670A8583C1098356D" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A03BFFC29190F6E479FBCB6BEC7F69BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
<taxonomicName id="1BD13833D17A0C69F09FFF2BD5A216D7" ID-CoL="NPMS" LSID="B91DAF009A5B5BC19371ED8138F4E063" authority="(Laurenti, 1768) complex" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bufotes viridis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">Bufotes viridis (Laurenti, 1768) complex</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="13CE69DFC2E3639032AF684921B7A392" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DEE11EB2BCF21765F713F59150B842AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Distribution in Afghanistan.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F74EEB1574F80555BB36888E554D5ECD" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="2FBBEC32CDD5EF2E14B789E29BA1D2C2" author="Wagner, P" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Californian Academy of Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="457 - 565" refId="B17" refString="Wagner, P, Bauer, AM, Leviton, AE, Wilms, TM, Boehme, W, 2016. A Checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Afghanistan* Exploring herpetodiversity using biodiversity archives. Proceedings of the Californian Academy of Sciences 63: 457 - 565" title="A Checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Afghanistan * Exploring herpetodiversity using biodiversity archives." volume="63" year="2016">Wagner et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
, this species complex comprised four species (
<taxonomicName id="ED4AD76C96FE13100062EEFD3F34C977" lsidName="B. oblongus" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="oblongus">
<emphasis id="2F05716810C9F6E0E5B9CFF41F354E61" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">B. oblongus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="10344D7E9D2F9C928B38A6FA0839D210" lsidName="B. baturae" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="baturae">
<emphasis id="37D555C7B9FD6316A5C70AF871AD32B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">B. baturae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="A1B31BF4E0A771946A4458C213AFAEA6" lsidName="pseudoraddei" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="pseudoraddei">
<emphasis id="4B328884A18AD84B7F275946A8DD5DF7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">pseudoraddei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0AA8D1D56A1C4C9DF970CD981A87BA73" lsidName="B. turanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="turanensis">
<emphasis id="5BDBA91C5D612600CD7766D7581D51E8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">B. turanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C7826D7ECE3E28DE8B481675444E9538" lsidName="B. zugmayeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="zugmayeri">
<emphasis id="A1F8D79990520ACC0140DEA540B7099E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">B. zugmayeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) that are recorded throughout Afghanistan, except the central Hindu Kush range (
<figureCitation id="9D9003FE0A0024B386FCFBD7FCB97499" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Updated herpetofaunistic records from Afghanistan (white dots: data of Buchroithner, 1981; Wagner et al. 2016; Jablonski et al. 2019; red dots: data of this study). Bufotes viridis complex (including species B. oblongus, B. baturae / pseudoraddei, B. turanensis and B. zugmayeri presented by Wagner et al. 2016): 1 - Dehdadi, Balkh; 2 - Nahr Shahi, Balkh; 3 - Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh; 4 - Arga Queshlaq, Badakhshan; 5 - Broghil Pass, Badakhshan; 6 - Camp Dubs - Kabul, Kabul; 7 - Kandahar, Air Base, Kandahar. Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis: Kandahar, Air Base, Kandahar. Testudo horsfieldii: 1 - Pol-e-Khomri, Baghlan; 2 - Lagman Base, Qalat, Zabul; 3 - Waza Kwah, Paktika. Phrynocephalus mystaceus: Shor Tepah, Balkh. Trapelus agilis: 1 - Camp Mike Spann Chapel, Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh; 2 - Lashkargah, Helmand; 3 - Kandahar, Air Base, Kandahar; 4 - Lagman Base, Qalat, Zabul; 5 - Tarin Kowt, Uruzgan. Trapelus megalonyx: 1 - Kandahar, Air Base, Kandahar; 2 - Gardez, Gardez Base, Paktia." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e38171.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339109" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" tableDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e38171.figure2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). We here followed comments presented in
<bibRefCitation id="8AF640B19D933646BB2DF032228B74E0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.843.29420" author="Jablonski, D" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="129 - 147" refId="B8" refString="Jablonski, D, Urosevic, A, Andjelkovic, M, Dzukic, GD, 2019. An unknown collection of lizards from Afghanistan. ZooKeys 843: 129 - 147" title="An unknown collection of lizards from Afghanistan." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.843.29420" volume="843" year="2019">Jablonski et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
, noting that comprehensive phylogeographic views on the genus are needed to resolve species distribution and phylogenetic composition in Afghanistan. This iconic toad complex is currently known from provinces Badakhshan, Badghis, Baglan, Balkh, Bamyan, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Helmand, Herat, Kabul, Kandahar, Kunduz, Logar, Nangarhar, Paktia, Samangan, Takhar, Wardak and Zabul (
<bibRefCitation id="4ADFCA3BB660F43BBFA13C96E1204E6A" author="Wagner, P" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Californian Academy of Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="457 - 565" refId="B17" refString="Wagner, P, Bauer, AM, Leviton, AE, Wilms, TM, Boehme, W, 2016. A Checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Afghanistan* Exploring herpetodiversity using biodiversity archives. Proceedings of the Californian Academy of Sciences 63: 457 - 565" title="A Checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Afghanistan * Exploring herpetodiversity using biodiversity archives." volume="63" year="2016">Wagner et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="534265CA2A31792003AAB70410CCE90B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.843.29420" author="Jablonski, D" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="129 - 147" refId="B8" refString="Jablonski, D, Urosevic, A, Andjelkovic, M, Dzukic, GD, 2019. An unknown collection of lizards from Afghanistan. ZooKeys 843: 129 - 147" title="An unknown collection of lizards from Afghanistan." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.843.29420" volume="843" year="2019">Jablonski et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
and see therein for additional information).
<bibRefCitation id="0A592406390CC75B08654144F8D60C08" author="Wagner, P" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Californian Academy of Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="457 - 565" refId="B17" refString="Wagner, P, Bauer, AM, Leviton, AE, Wilms, TM, Boehme, W, 2016. A Checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Afghanistan* Exploring herpetodiversity using biodiversity archives. Proceedings of the Californian Academy of Sciences 63: 457 - 565" title="A Checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Afghanistan * Exploring herpetodiversity using biodiversity archives." volume="63" year="2016">Wagner et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
did not assign (due to missing museum material) the record presented by
<bibRefCitation id="7B4EA8F6DF0D4D296D41BFF5FC2AC16A" author="Buchroithner, MF" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="19 - 29" refId="B2" refString="Buchroithner, MF, 1981. Geological setting and chemical geothermometry of some hot springs in the Wakhan (NE Afghanistan). Verhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt 2: 19 - 29" title="Geological setting and chemical geothermometry of some hot springs in the Wakhan (NE Afghanistan)." volume="2" year="1981">Buchroithner (1981)</bibRefCitation>
that reported these toads from Tila Bay Valley (~37.28N, 73.33E, 4160 m a.s.l.), Wakhan, Badakhshan. This author mentioned an occurrence of
<taxonomicName id="AF6A465C9B7B39BA285DD6D3C5ECC7A5" lsidName="B. latastii" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="latastii">
<emphasis id="3AE70CBF6306CDD321D63C9664397D8E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">B. latastii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Badakhshan, but this species is endemic to western Himalaya and is not known from the Hindu Kush range (
<bibRefCitation id="241732CFE590387B1A68259D9007AAC3" author="Litvinchuk, SN" journalOrPublisher="Alytes" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="314 - 327" refId="B12" refString="Litvinchuk, SN, Skorinov, SV, Mazepa, GO, Borkin, LJ, 2018b. Distribution of Bufoteslatastii (Boulenger, 1882), endemic to the Western Himalaya. Alytes 36: 314 - 327" title="Distribution of Bufoteslatastii (Boulenger, 1882), endemic to the Western Himalaya." volume="36" year="2018 b">Litvinchuk et al. 2018b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="51ABE9EA3E10AB2C64C98494E2629820" doi="10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e38171.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339109" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="D516CD75257D0831366E2D62AEFFDBA3" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="F73310AEB936A349CA6DE3422C3C4DE6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Updated herpetofaunistic records from Afghanistan (white dots: data of Buchroithner, 1981;
<bibRefCitation id="C6AEE5C0DCA5B0958F98ACF5AE0BD1F5" author="Wagner, P" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Californian Academy of Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="457 - 565" refId="B17" refString="Wagner, P, Bauer, AM, Leviton, AE, Wilms, TM, Boehme, W, 2016. A Checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Afghanistan* Exploring herpetodiversity using biodiversity archives. Proceedings of the Californian Academy of Sciences 63: 457 - 565" title="A Checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Afghanistan * Exploring herpetodiversity using biodiversity archives." volume="63" year="2016">Wagner et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CF281D9659050C70D6BA7C17E00AB53C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.843.29420" author="Jablonski, D" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="129 - 147" refId="B8" refString="Jablonski, D, Urosevic, A, Andjelkovic, M, Dzukic, GD, 2019. An unknown collection of lizards from Afghanistan. ZooKeys 843: 129 - 147" title="An unknown collection of lizards from Afghanistan." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.843.29420" volume="843" year="2019">Jablonski et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
; red dots: data of this study).
<taxonomicName id="0533C8BBAE6C90E84414FE3B160E191A" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bufotes viridis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="FA532871080A425EF891BE4179AFB314" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Bufotes viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex (including species
<taxonomicName id="9A5153CD164B8927B39EF31CECB76E56" lsidName="B. oblongus" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="oblongus">
<emphasis id="3824286207F29327EC9E279BC5B48E85" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">B. oblongus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="12B273421CC44F428734233B5CC584C9" lsidName="B. baturae" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="baturae">
<emphasis id="AD901B635C37C72442CAAF7217E1D954" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">B. baturae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="E78AC717FB74A2B80E5F97CABD7788F0" lsidName="pseudoraddei" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="pseudoraddei">
<emphasis id="8195E3258A7045F85026355B73E6299F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">pseudoraddei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5CACFD0A5F55AEB35E804D71354DDB5A" lsidName="B. turanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="turanensis">
<emphasis id="E4B9D16CEF97FBD96A541AC10E9E957F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">B. turanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="22ABE6C553B8724FDAF10D168A149FDD" lsidName="B. zugmayeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="zugmayeri">
<emphasis id="D0E770966824C4C35F941CA0D5106660" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">B. zugmayeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presented by
<bibRefCitation id="002B402D5BA2B04C332C836376E1AF79" author="Wagner, P" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Californian Academy of Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="457 - 565" refId="B17" refString="Wagner, P, Bauer, AM, Leviton, AE, Wilms, TM, Boehme, W, 2016. A Checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Afghanistan* Exploring herpetodiversity using biodiversity archives. Proceedings of the Californian Academy of Sciences 63: 457 - 565" title="A Checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Afghanistan * Exploring herpetodiversity using biodiversity archives." volume="63" year="2016">Wagner et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
): 1 - Dehdadi, Balkh; 2 - Nahr Shahi, Balkh; 3 - Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh; 4 - Arga Queshlaq, Badakhshan; 5 - Broghil Pass, Badakhshan; 6 - Camp Dubs - Kabul, Kabul; 7 - Kandahar, Air Base, Kandahar.
<taxonomicName id="BF5DCA8546E01EE41CE0A31F86EE4245" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Euphlyctis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanophlyctis">
<emphasis id="E9B87BFCF6818F16916460B742473E74" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Kandahar, Air Base, Kandahar.
<taxonomicName id="FE2C56F9780CC4800DCAEDE1590D7FDD" class="Testudines" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudo horsfieldii" order="Cryptodira" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horsfieldii">
<emphasis id="AE2DCCEDDBA5ED2075206A8C749B05F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Testudo horsfieldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1 - Pol-e-Khomri, Baghlan; 2 - Lagman Base, Qalat, Zabul; 3 - Waza Kwah, Paktika.
<taxonomicName id="B82D63E81499F757CF2C0A3B270EF2D5" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Phrynocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynocephalus mystaceus" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystaceus">
<emphasis id="4383EE0A9023DBBC76546A5A78056F53" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Phrynocephalus mystaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Shor Tepah, Balkh.
<taxonomicName id="FF6A078A44F66B20D85D4DB7AF2A61B1" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Trapelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trapelus agilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="023D40A312FD2FE5E4A1AE39B258712A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Trapelus agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1- Camp Mike Spann Chapel, Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh; 2 -
<normalizedToken id="6479955E9C7D2F0E135EF27D51D23D36" originalValue="Lashkargāh">Lashkargah</normalizedToken>
, Helmand; 3 - Kandahar, Air Base, Kandahar; 4 - Lagman Base, Qalat, Zabul; 5 - Tarin Kowt, Uruzgan.
<taxonomicName id="B52134E9CCD5DCB37099A8C36B3BC503" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Trapelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trapelus megalonyx" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalonyx">
<emphasis id="B2D4B480533283B6DEA10C50BBDD0456" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Trapelus megalonyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1 - Kandahar, Air Base, Kandahar; 2 - Gardez, Gardez Base, Paktia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="359B828832B716D94E73659B57EB5983" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="our records">
<paragraph id="84F168BAB368CEC0F2CFFFBD429DDD37" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Our records</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1BB704ECDC0F8B3275E025BE5943F47F" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
(
<figureCitation id="3327672504296B35F63F51994DC45E68" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Updated herpetofaunistic records from Afghanistan (white dots: data of Buchroithner, 1981; Wagner et al. 2016; Jablonski et al. 2019; red dots: data of this study). Bufotes viridis complex (including species B. oblongus, B. baturae / pseudoraddei, B. turanensis and B. zugmayeri presented by Wagner et al. 2016): 1 - Dehdadi, Balkh; 2 - Nahr Shahi, Balkh; 3 - Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh; 4 - Arga Queshlaq, Badakhshan; 5 - Broghil Pass, Badakhshan; 6 - Camp Dubs - Kabul, Kabul; 7 - Kandahar, Air Base, Kandahar. Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis: Kandahar, Air Base, Kandahar. Testudo horsfieldii: 1 - Pol-e-Khomri, Baghlan; 2 - Lagman Base, Qalat, Zabul; 3 - Waza Kwah, Paktika. Phrynocephalus mystaceus: Shor Tepah, Balkh. Trapelus agilis: 1 - Camp Mike Spann Chapel, Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh; 2 - Lashkargah, Helmand; 3 - Kandahar, Air Base, Kandahar; 4 - Lagman Base, Qalat, Zabul; 5 - Tarin Kowt, Uruzgan. Trapelus megalonyx: 1 - Kandahar, Air Base, Kandahar; 2 - Gardez, Gardez Base, Paktia." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e38171.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339109" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" tableDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e38171.figure2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). 1 - Dehdadi, Balkh (25 September 2011), one adult individual in semi-desert area; 2 - Nahr Shahi, Balkh (25 September 2011), one adult individual in village area; 3 - Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh (11 September 2015), one adult female in house garden area (
<figureCitation id="F6FA7F4E5EBB9AD6C0A4080EEBE3EC7D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Observed individuals of Bufotes viridis complex (Bufonidae) from Afghanistan: A, B, C - Different post-metamorphic stages of the species complex from Kandahar, Air Base, Kandahar; D - adult individual from Camp Dubs - Kabul, Kabul; E - adult female from Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh (photo by Nasser Halaweh); F - adult female from Arga Queshlaq (photo by Glyn Morris)." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e38171.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339110" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" tableDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e38171.figure3">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
); 4 - Arga Queshlaq, Badakhshan (22 July 2012), one adult female under the rock near an artificial canal (
<figureCitation id="BA11505F4D5926807D309AB647F7FA1D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Observed individuals of Bufotes viridis complex (Bufonidae) from Afghanistan: A, B, C - Different post-metamorphic stages of the species complex from Kandahar, Air Base, Kandahar; D - adult individual from Camp Dubs - Kabul, Kabul; E - adult female from Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh (photo by Nasser Halaweh); F - adult female from Arga Queshlaq (photo by Glyn Morris)." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e38171.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339110" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" tableDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e38171.figure3">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
); 5 - Broghil Pass, Wakhan, Badakhshan (4 September 2007); six adults in a hot water spring in rocky area; 6 - Camp Dubs - Kabul, Kabul (15 July 2011), several hundreds of tadpoles and juveniles in artificial ponds, dozens of adults in its vicinity (
<figureCitation id="D4DF7F75D8AE9E2086BB009A12E5DD46" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Observed individuals of Bufotes viridis complex (Bufonidae) from Afghanistan: A, B, C - Different post-metamorphic stages of the species complex from Kandahar, Air Base, Kandahar; D - adult individual from Camp Dubs - Kabul, Kabul; E - adult female from Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh (photo by Nasser Halaweh); F - adult female from Arga Queshlaq (photo by Glyn Morris)." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e38171.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339110" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" tableDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e38171.figure3">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
); 7 - Kandahar, Air Base, Kandahar (17 May 2009), several dozens of juveniles, subadult and adult individuals (
<figureCitation id="8AFAD3851767BB51DE0EBBF33FFD24C9" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Observed individuals of Bufotes viridis complex (Bufonidae) from Afghanistan: A, B, C - Different post-metamorphic stages of the species complex from Kandahar, Air Base, Kandahar; D - adult individual from Camp Dubs - Kabul, Kabul; E - adult female from Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh (photo by Nasser Halaweh); F - adult female from Arga Queshlaq (photo by Glyn Morris)." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e38171.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339110" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" tableDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e38171.figure3">
Fig. 3
<normalizedToken id="7DAFFBCC569A4A88463DB138EA15F034" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
) in the vicinity of an artificial pond near the runway in semi-desert area (
<figureCitation id="144B6062CBB5391014B9566DA12B4DA3" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. View on selected localities from Afghanistan that were visited: A - habitat of Bufotes viridis complex and Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis from Kandahar, Air Base, Kandahar; B - stony, semi-desert habitat of Eremias aff. nigrocellata from Kaldar, Balkh; C - semi-desert habitat of Trapelus agilis from Tarin Kowt, Uruzgan; D - vicinity of small village Waza Kwah, Paktika as habitat of Testudo horsfieldii; E - desert habitat of Cyrtopodion agamuroides complex from Camp Leatherneck, Washir, Helmand; F - burrows in semi-desert habitat that were used by Eremias persica as a shelter, Kandahar, Air Base, Kandahar." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e38171.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339117" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" tableDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e38171.figure10">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="3341B79C7C2435A84A1395E32EB75C5C" doi="10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e38171.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339110" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="8333C33CFF35CF5354FE2B9A62524F38" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="73C8EBFCD587B8EE3FDDA164C3C70C74" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Observed individuals of
<taxonomicName id="E73E05B1B44CF09F2558EBE7437EC392" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bufotes viridis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="469416B067B181A9963576DE735BD1FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Bufotes viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex (
<taxonomicName id="FFBE38E11381659B47D037E2ED577D2A" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Bufonidae</taxonomicName>
) from Afghanistan: A, B, C - Different post-metamorphic stages of the species complex from Kandahar, Air Base, Kandahar; D - adult individual from Camp Dubs - Kabul, Kabul; E - adult female from Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh (photo by Nasser Halaweh); F - adult female from Arga Queshlaq (photo by Glyn Morris).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="09D5403B779C687C5514022952BF051A" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="93320DEDFB6007E368717516866E6D40" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F5BCB4A4CB10303D038651F68B96DBE3" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
According to the map of
<bibRefCitation id="D124182F572537BC4B24D1EE268C1438" author="Wagner, P" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Californian Academy of Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="457 - 565" refId="B17" refString="Wagner, P, Bauer, AM, Leviton, AE, Wilms, TM, Boehme, W, 2016. A Checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Afghanistan* Exploring herpetodiversity using biodiversity archives. Proceedings of the Californian Academy of Sciences 63: 457 - 565" title="A Checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Afghanistan * Exploring herpetodiversity using biodiversity archives." volume="63" year="2016">Wagner et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
, toads from Balkh Province should belong to
<taxonomicName id="DB2C5F99A7CC39489ACB011BD82B8BC6" lsidName="B. turanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="turanensis">
<emphasis id="94B7C1672AF8290228EBB49B83F2E75E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">B. turanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(or
<taxonomicName id="0D61491719360E81DA2FC49D9D12E2FE" lsidName="B. pewzowi" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="pewzowi">
<emphasis id="042CF078CCD09852A4F588BF36A1CBD7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">B. pewzowi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9B4FF4CA58E350926B2713F7D76540C3" lsidName="B. shaartusiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="shaartusiensis">
<emphasis id="2FF9E8106BE30FF34A95D01E1FF8CE4B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">B. shaartusiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see
<bibRefCitation id="91E91BAE25188F234E2991E5A1337C09" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12667" author="Ficetola, GF" journalOrPublisher="Herpetological Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" refId="B5" refString="Ficetola, GF, Stoeck, M, 2016. . https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12667" url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12667" year="2016">
Ficetola and
<normalizedToken id="0F052E4B27285580F7F8DE82BDC22CAB" originalValue="Stöck">Stoeck</normalizedToken>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8A94FDA627620A9D26FC0B5FBA8692A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" refId="B11">Litvinchuk et al. 2018a</bibRefCitation>
), from Badakhshan and Kabul Provinces to
<taxonomicName id="76205D20D7F1C52F7D96198B8D565B53" lsidName="B. baturae" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="baturae">
<emphasis id="35E8CF091BA5078C783213B1A80CD985" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">B. baturae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="5D00CB4CB089A96F5647B19078FB014C" lsidName="pseudoraddei" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="pseudoraddei">
<emphasis id="27E33650765B79E934C1F70C87737FB9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">pseudoraddei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and from Kandahar to
<taxonomicName id="D3486551A9DA5F7BE5F210CA9163D534" lsidName="B. zugmayeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="zugmayeri">
<emphasis id="DD5E5CB7BAE463E695018A974B582495" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">B. zugmayeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although all our records represent new localities, they fall within regions or areas where these toads were previously known. Locality 5 represents an interesting record near Broghil Pass at an elevation of about ~3800 m.
<bibRefCitation id="D5D7F611040270BF9C3901B9E27DB534" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" refId="B14">Regan (2017)</bibRefCitation>
identified these toads incorrectly as &quot;
<taxonomicName id="C39EA5468615E8DBB47AEFFB46248C84" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Pseudepidalea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudepidalea viridis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="9C1D6BB07FD58969EE2DE6F1A8E226E4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Pseudepidalea viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; and &quot;
<taxonomicName id="33B798B315F11FAE13519E85DFA481D4" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bufo surdus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surdus">
<emphasis id="34259F6DA2A98F39ED616136B2D61CF1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Bufo surdus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; (pp. 51-55). The genus
<taxonomicName id="29EF774E126932280DE7B269ED347308" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Pseudepidalea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudepidalea" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18D1757F6655FD3AF38B49BEB4A41E53" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Pseudepidalea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a less used generic name for these toads, while
<taxonomicName id="4E22537A9674A3FBC04756DD47C5E55C" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bufotes surdus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surdus">
<emphasis id="41235D15C09BE3910A4896033D623F05" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Bufotes surdus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Boulenger, 1891) has never been recorded in Afghanistan.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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