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<mods:title id="D8C8FD6F2C9767F2B46283EAC2A39C02">A revision of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) from the late Eocene Florissant Formation Colorado, with description of new species</mods:title>
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; Schlüter 1984: 4; 
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<treatmentCitation id="A47E1089FFFDFFF1E703A5D2CF637381" author="Semeria, Y. &amp; Nel, A." page="30" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="414E4B69FFFDFFF1E703A5D2CF637381" author="Semeria, Y. &amp; Nel, A." pageId="19" pageNumber="320" pagination="27 - 32" refId="ref25886" refString="Semeria, Y. &amp; Nel, A. (1990) Paleochrysopa monteilsensis gen. et sp. nov., a new fossil of Chrysopidae from the Upper Eocene Formation of Monteils (France), with a review of the known chrysopid fossils (Insecta: Neuroptera). In: Mansell, M. W. &amp; Aspock, H. (Eds.), Advances in Neuropterology. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Neuropterology (Berg in Dal, Kruger National Park, 1988). South African Department of Agricultural Development, Pretoria, pp. 27 - 32." type="book chapter" year="1990">Séméria &amp; Nel 1990: 30</bibRefCitation>
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, 
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, 400, 
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<emphasis id="17ABEA8AFFFAFFF6E292A2B2CF567486" box="[151,278,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Paleochrysa</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="A47E1089FFFAFFF6E319A2B2CC337486" author="Adams, P. A." box="[284,627,212,236]" page="230" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" year="1967">
<taxonomicName id="E2DF4D1BFFFAFFF6E319A2B2CC337486" ID-CoL="3VKGV" authority=": Adams 1967: 230" authorityName="Adams" authorityPageNumber="230" authorityYear="1967" box="[284,627,212,236]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Lithochrysa" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wickhami">
[
<emphasis id="17ABEA8AFFFAFFF6E320A2B3CF017486" box="[293,321,213,236]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">sic</emphasis>
] 
<emphasis id="17ABEA8AFFFAFFF6E34AA2B2CFF07486" box="[335,432,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">wickhami</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="414E4B69FFFAFFF6E3B8A2B2CC337486" author="Adams, P. A." box="[445,627,212,236]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" pagination="215 - 238" refId="ref21987" refString="Adams, P. A. (1967) A review of the Mesochrysinae and Nothochrysinae (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 135, 215 - 238." type="journal article" year="1967">Adams 1967: 230</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, 231; 
<treatmentCitation id="A47E1089FFFAFFF6E0B4A2B2CD357486" author="Schluter, T." box="[689,885,212,236]" page="261" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="414E4B69FFFAFFF6E0B4A2B2CD357486" author="Schluter, T." box="[689,885,212,236]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" pagination="257 - 264" refId="ref25389" refString="Schluter, T. (1982) Cimbrochrysa moleriensis n. g. n. sp. und Hypochrysa hercyniensis n. sp., zwei fossile Chrysopidae-Arten (Insecta: Planipennia) aus dem europaischen Tertiar. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Monatshefte, 5, 257 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / njgpm / 1982 / 1982 / 257" type="journal article" year="1982">Schlüter 1982: 261</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6DC56513FFFAFFF7E292A37CCCE174BE" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="322" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="25603698FFFAFFF6E292A37CCB557582" blockId="20.[151,1437,282,489]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<emphasis id="17ABEA8AFFFAFFF6E292A37CCF05755E" bold="true" box="[151,325,282,308]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Type material.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="FA64883AFFFAFFF6E349A37CCFF4755E" box="[332,436,282,308]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
MCZ 4499 (Scudder’s no. 3350), collected by Henry Wickham. A nearly compete specimen in dorsal aspect, with distal portions of wings not preserved. Verbatim label data [typed and handwritten]: “(1) “Mus. Comp. Zoöl. Cambridge, Mass. / No. 4499 / Paleochrysa 
<taxonomicName id="E2DF4D1BFFFAFFF6E175A305CA237516" authority="Cock." authorityName="Cock." box="[880,1123,354,381]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Lithochrysa" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wickhami">
[
<emphasis id="17ABEA8AFFFAFFF6E17FA305CDD97516" box="[890,921,355,380]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">sic</emphasis>
] wickhami Cock.
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<typeStatus id="FA64883AFFFAFFF6E67FA304CAA27516" box="[1146,1250,354,380]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
/ H.F. Wickham coll. Florissant”; (2) [handwritten]: “4499 type Paleochrysa 
<taxonomicName id="E2DF4D1BFFFAFFF6E141A3E1CA7875CA" authority="Cock." authorityName="Cock." box="[836,1080,390,417]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Lithochrysa" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wickhami">
[
<emphasis id="17ABEA8AFFFAFFF6E148A3E1CD2C75CA" box="[845,876,391,416]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">sic</emphasis>
] wickhami Cock.
</taxonomicName>
/ Florissant / 
<taxonomicName id="E2DF4D1BFFFAFFF6E6D2A3E0CB1C75CA" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1239,1372,390,416]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Neuroptera</taxonomicName>
”. The specimen has black ink writing on the rock that says “4499”, and a red paper label glued to the rock that says “ 
<typeStatus id="FA64883AFFFAFFF6E76BA3CCCEA37582" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
”. A paper label glued to the reverse of the rock says: “ 
<taxonomicName id="E2DF4D1BFFFAFFF6E13BA3A8CD957582" box="[830,981,462,488]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Palaeochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Palaeochrysa</taxonomicName>
/ wickhami / Ckll. / TYPE.”
</paragraph>
<caption id="71A06610FFFAFFF6E292A5FCCD127390" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6522491" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6522491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6522491/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" startId="20.[151,250,1946,1970]" targetBox="[162,1426,512,1911]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="25603698FFFAFFF6E292A5FCCD127390" blockId="20.[151,1436,1946,2042]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<emphasis id="17ABEA8AFFFAFFF6E292A5FCCF5B73D8" bold="true" box="[151,283,1946,1970]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">FIGURE 14</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="E2DF4D1BFFFAFFF6E32CA5FCCC8A73D8" authority="(Cockerell, 1914)" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[297,714,1946,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Lithochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wickhami">
<emphasis id="17ABEA8AFFFAFFF6E32CA5FCCC4B73D8" box="[297,523,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Lithochrysa wickhami</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="414E4B69FFFAFFF6E01FA5FCCC8373D8" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[538,707,1946,1970]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" pagination="714 - 724" refId="ref23258" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1914) New and little-known insects from the Miocene of Florissant, Colorado. Journal of Geology, 22, 714 - 724. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 622186" type="journal article" year="1914">Cockerell, 1914</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, holotype MCZ 4499 (male?). A, specimen; B, right forewing; C, left forewing; D, right hind wing; E, left hind wing; F, end of abdomen. All converted to standard view, with apex to the right. s, unknown structure, Scale bars = 3 mm (A; B–E to scales), 1 mm (F).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="25603698FFFBFFF7E2C2A2F0CCE174BE" blockId="21.[151,1437,150,1364]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
<materialsCitation id="95B73CC5FFFBFFF7E2C2A2F0CCDD74BE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763085301" country="United States of America" county="Teller County" location="Eocene" municipality="Florissant" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Colorado" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="17ABEA8AFFFBFFF7E2C2A2F0CC4274DA" bold="true" box="[199,514,150,176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
<typeStatus id="FA64883AFFFBFFF7E2C2A2F0CF4274DA" box="[199,258,150,176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Type</typeStatus>
locality and horizon.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="5DC87608FFFBFFF7E00EA2F0CC0774DA" box="[523,583,150,176]" name="United States of America" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">USA</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="E71BF87AFFFBFFF7E056A2F0CC8074DA" box="[595,704,150,176]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Colorado</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty id="CC014E14FFFBFFF7E0CEA2F0CD2C74DA" box="[715,876,150,176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Teller County</collectingCounty>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="C504ACE2FFFBFFF7E172A2F0CDA574DA" box="[887,997,150,176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Florissant</collectingMunicipality>
(precise collecting locality unknown); 
<location id="20006043FFFBFFF7E292A2DDCEAC74BF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD76878EFFFDFFF7E292A52DCC20713E:20006043FFFBFFF7E292A2DDCEAC74BF" box="[151,236,187,213]" country="United States of America" county="Teller County" municipality="Florissant" name="Eocene" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" stateProvince="Colorado">Eocene</location>
, late 
<location id="20006043FFFBFFF7E322A2DCCFE474BE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD76878EFFFDFFF7E292A52DCC20713E:20006043FFFBFFF7E322A2DCCFE474BE" box="[295,420,186,212]" country="United States of America" county="Teller County" municipality="Florissant" name="Priabonian" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" stateProvince="Colorado">Priabonian</location>
; 
<location id="20006043FFFBFFF7E3AAA2DCCCDD74BE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD76878EFFFDFFF7E292A52DCC20713E:20006043FFFBFFF7E3AAA2DCCCDD74BE" box="[431,669,186,212]" country="United States of America" county="Teller County" municipality="Florissant" name="Florissant Formation" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" stateProvince="Colorado">Florissant Formation</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6DC56513FFFBFFF7E2C2A2B8CF2D750F" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="25603698FFFBFFF7E2C2A2B8CF2D750F" blockId="21.[151,1437,150,1364]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
<emphasis id="17ABEA8AFFFBFFF7E2C2A2B8CF027492" bold="true" box="[199,322,222,248]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
May be distinguished from other species of the genus by simple MA, MP [other genera: forked]; more proximal location of 1r-m (
<emphasis id="17ABEA8AFFFBFFF7E00DA365CC627576" box="[520,546,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">ca</emphasis>
. at level of 2m-cu) [
<taxonomicName id="E2DF4D1BFFFBFFF7E10DA365CDC07576" authorityName="Archibald &amp; Makarkin" authorityYear="2017" box="[776,896,258,284]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Lithochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="17ABEA8AFFFBFFF7E10DA365CDC07576" box="[776,896,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">L. borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="E2DF4D1BFFFBFFF7E18BA365CA617576" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[910,1057,258,284]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Lithochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
<emphasis id="17ABEA8AFFFBFFF7E18BA365CA617576" box="[910,1057,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">L. ferruginea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: clearly distad 2m-cu]; very short branches of CuA (cells between these only slightly longer than wide) [other species: cells between these distinctly longer than wide)].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6DC56513FFFBFFF7E2C2A308CC20713E" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" type="description">
<paragraph id="25603698FFFBFFF7E2C2A308CAB6759F" blockId="21.[151,1437,150,1364]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
<emphasis id="17ABEA8AFFFBFFF7E2C2A308CF3575E2" bold="true" box="[199,373,366,392]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Redescription.</emphasis>
Male (?). Body 
<emphasis id="17ABEA8AFFFBFFF7E02DA309CC0275E2" box="[552,578,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">ca</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="E2279B7DFFFBFFF7E04AA308CCE475E3" box="[591,676,366,393]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" unit="mm" value="7.8">7.8 mm</quantity>
long. Head transverse in dorsal view; eyes 
<quantity id="E2279B7DFFFBFFF7E687A308CA9775E3" box="[1154,1239,366,393]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
in diameter; right antenna fragmentary preserved. Pronotum, mesonotum probably dark brown laterally. Abdomen completely, but poorly preserved; morphology of apical segments unclear; unknown curved chitinized structure protruding at end of abdomen might be arcessus (=fused gonostyli) or entoprocessus (=gonapophyses 9) (
<figureCitation id="BDE42A1DFFFBFFF7E66BA3BCCAA6759F" box="[1134,1254,474,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1946,1970]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,512,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-167@20.[162,1426,512,1922]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 14. Lithochrysa wickhami (Cockerell, 1914), holotype MCZ 4499 (male?). A, specimen; B, right forewing; C, left forewing; D, right hind wing; E, left hind wing; F, end of abdomen. All converted to standard view, with apex to the right. s, unknown structure, Scale bars = 3 mm (A; B–E to scales), 1 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6522491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6522491/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Fig. 14F, s</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="25603698FFFBFFF7E2C2A398CFD4707A" blockId="21.[151,1437,150,1364]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
Forewing 
<quantity id="E2279B7DFFFBFFF7E33EA398CFD37673" box="[315,403,510,537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" unit="mm" value="8.7">8.7 mm</quantity>
long (as preserved; estimated complete length 
<emphasis id="17ABEA8AFFFBFFF7E1A8A399CD877672" box="[941,967,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">ca</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="E2279B7DFFFBFFF7E1D2A398CA737673" box="[983,1075,510,537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
), 
<quantity id="E2279B7DFFFBFFF7E642A398CADF7673" box="[1095,1183,510,537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
wide (length to width ratio 
<emphasis id="17ABEA8AFFFBFFF7E2D4A045CEAB7656" box="[209,235,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">ca</emphasis>
. 2.80). Costal space relative broad in proximal half, strongly narrowed towards pterostigmal region.All preserved subcostal veinlets simple, relatively widely spaced in proximal part. Pterostigma distinct, light as preserved. Distal part of Sc not discernible. Subcostal space moderately narrow; subcostal crossveins not detected. Distal part of RA not preserved. RA space broad, with nine preserved crossveins (apparently 10–11 total). RP originating at obtuse angle, relatively far from wing base (
<emphasis id="17ABEA8AFFFBFFF7E083A0D5CCE076A6" box="[646,672,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">ca</emphasis>
. 0.21 estimated complete wing length). Anterior trace of RP slightly zigzagged; with seven preserved branches (apparently eight or nine total). Basal crossvein between RP, M (1r-m) relatively short, connecting anterior trace of RP, MA within 
<emphasis id="17ABEA8AFFFBFFF7E130A09DCD11777E" box="[821,849,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">im</emphasis>
at proximal one-fifth length. M dividing to MA, MP slightly distad origin of RP. MA, MP zigzagged, apparently each simple. 
<emphasis id="17ABEA8AFFFBFFF7E1E4A179CDBF7752" box="[993,1023,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Im</emphasis>
elongate (length/width ratio 
<quantity id="E2279B7DFFFBFFF7E749A178CBDC7752" box="[1356,1436,798,824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7978" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" unit="in" value="3.07">3.07 in</quantity>
right wing, 
<quantity id="E2279B7DFFFBFFF7E31EA124CF2A7736" box="[283,362,834,860]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4582" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" unit="in" value="3.33">3.33 in</quantity>
left wing). Psm poorly developed, strongly zigzagged. Crossvein 2m-cu very long, connecting 
<emphasis id="17ABEA8AFFFBFFF7E292A101CEF377EA" box="[151,179,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">im</emphasis>
, CuA at nearly proximal one-thirds of 
<emphasis id="17ABEA8AFFFBFFF7E06EA101CCC777EA" box="[619,647,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">im</emphasis>
. CuA probably with two simple, relatively short branches. Psm rather well developed, slightly zigzagged, continuing to outer gradate series of crossveins. CuP deeply forked, branches widely spaced; intracubital crossveins not detected. A1, A2 arched, simple. Two gradate series of crossveins nearly parallel, evenly curved; inner series with eight crossveins distad MA; outer series incomplete, with four preserved crossveins distad RP2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="25603698FFFBFFF7E2C2A67CCC20713E" blockId="21.[151,1437,150,1364]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
Hind wing 
<emphasis id="17ABEA8AFFFBFFF7E34EA67DCF25705E" box="[331,357,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">ca</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="E2279B7DFFFBFFF7E373A67CCF8E705F" box="[374,462,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" unit="mm" value="8.2">8.2 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="E2279B7DFFFBFFF7E01FA67CCC33705F" box="[538,627,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
wide. Costal space very narrow, especially distally; subcostal veinlets poorly preserved. Pterostigma indistinct. Sc incompletely preserved. Subcostal space very narrow; subcostal crossveins not detected. RA entering margin at wing apex; its distal veinlets densely spaced. RA space broad, with 11 preserved crossveins (right wing). Anterior trace of RP slightly zigzagged, with seven branches (their distal portions mostly not preserved). Psm rather well developed, weakly zigzagged. M dividing to MA, MP at level of origin of RP. MA strongly zigzagged; basally crossvein-like then fused with RP for rather long distance, forked distally distad Psc. MP nearly straight before fork; deeply forked distally at Psc. Proximal crossvein between MA, MP (1im) long. CuA, CuP, anal veins not preserved. Psc very poorly developed. Probably two gradate series of crossveins, but their crossveins only fragmentarily preserved.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>