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<document id="5DFA83D7E68EBDC0E72AFE67F7A56205" ID-CLB-Dataset="25024" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2019.572" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0de36645-90d1-4bcb-bb46-3b84c1de037e" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3526896" ID-ZooBank="A28B6248-D883-4FBC-B30E-3CE6596C384F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1572853033734" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Oliveira, Livia M., Carvalho, João Paulo &amp; Rocha, Rosana M." docDate="2019" docId="9C4687FE4A7BFFE9AFDF96B8ECA444DA" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-572_oliveira_carvalho_rocha.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 572" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Leptoclinides Berjan 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="607FFF864A70FFE4AD6B9374ED6A401A" masterDocTitle="Leptoclinides (Ascidiacea, Didemnidae) from Brazil: new records and two new species" masterLastPageNumber="16" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698761520721" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="99ADF38DB40FA29C6B587D8CA680484A">Leptoclinides (Ascidiacea, Didemnidae) from Brazil: new records and two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A657C3650F8552581950703BFBF3A9BD">Oliveira, Livia M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7C5C4E0060E2CCB1DC78D6B7F780D829">Carvalho, João Paulo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B83EAED9ECBAF7D1F26B06056B815DBD">Rocha, Rosana M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="827DEC48F93E16AB1A52B2A967636352">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0EBAA8EACD55A1733A2A030EE738BF74">2019</mods:date>
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<treatment id="9C4687FE4A7BFFE9AFDF96B8ECA444DA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5664382" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160126553" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5664382" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C4687FE4A7BFFE9AFDF96B8ECA444DA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C4687FE4A7BFFE9AFDF96B8ECA444DA" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<paragraph id="145036E84A7BFFEFAFDF96B8EEEA45FD" blockId="11.[692,896,1484,1547]" box="[692,896,1484,1511]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="4F1881844A7BFFEFAFDF96B8EEEA45FD" box="[692,896,1484,1511]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="2">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A7BFFEFAFDF96B8EEEA45FD" bold="true" box="[692,896,1484,1511]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="D3EF4D6B4A7BFFEFAFDF96B8EE3F45FD" authorityName="Berjan" authorityYear="1905" box="[692,853,1484,1511]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A7BFFEFAFDF96B8EE3F45FD" bold="true" box="[692,853,1484,1511]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Leptoclinides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="5CF565634A7BFFEFAF9C9684EE564611" box="[759,828,1520,1547]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="145036E84A7BFFEFAF9C9684EE564611" blockId="11.[692,896,1484,1547]" box="[759,828,1520,1547]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<figureCitation id="8CD42A6D4A7BFFEFAF9C9684EE564611" box="[759,828,1520,1547]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1948,1974]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,265,1765]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Leptoclinides sp. (DZUP LEP-009). A. Preserved colony on algae. B. Detail of preserved colonies. C. Spicules. D. Thorax. EF. Abdomen. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B = 0.5 cm; DF = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3526908" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3526908/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CF565634A7BFFEFADD69545E9394687" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="145036E84A7BFFEFADD69545ECC04651" blockId="11.[189,426,1585,1611]" box="[189,426,1585,1611]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="4F1881844A7BFFEFADD69545ECC04651" bold="true" box="[189,426,1585,1611]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="3">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A7BFFEFADD69545ECC04651" bold="true" box="[189,426,1585,1611]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="145036E84A7BFFEFADD69514E9394687" blockId="11.[189,1399,1630,1694]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<materialsCitation id="A4873CB54A7BFFEFADD69514E9254687" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2446784898" collectingDate="2011-02-13" collectionCode="DZUP" collectorName="R. M. Rocha" country="Brazil" elevation="12" latitude="-20.351112" location="Pacotes Island" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.253334" municipality="Vila Velha" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCode="LEP-009, DID3.81" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">
<collectingCountry id="6CF876784A7BFFEFADD69514EC4C4660" box="[189,294,1632,1658]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
• several colonies;
<collectingRegion id="D62BF80A4A7BFFEFAF629514EFD94660" box="[521,691,1632,1658]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="F434AC924A7BFFEFAFD59514EE514660" box="[702,827,1632,1658]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Vila Velha</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="113060334A7BFFEFAE2D9514EE984660" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C4687FE4A7BFFE9AFDF96B8ECA444DA:113060334A7BFFEFAE2D9514EE984660" box="[838,1010,1632,1658]" country="Brazil" latitude="-20.351112" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.253334" municipality="Vila Velha" name="Pacotes Island" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Pacotes Island</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="71DB502F4A7BFFEFAE95952AE9E04660" box="[1022,1162,1630,1658]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="15" seconds="04" value="-20.351112">20º2104″ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="71DB502F4A7BFFEFA9FC952AE8454660" box="[1175,1327,1630,1658]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-40.253334">40º1512″ W</geoCoordinate>
;
<elevation id="9FC2D1DB4A7BFFEFA8509514EC684687" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="12.0">
<quantity id="D3179B0D4A7BFFEFA8509514E81D4660" box="[1339,1399,1632,1658]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
;
<date id="605110284A7BFFEFAC6595F7ECC04687" box="[270,426,1667,1693]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2011-02-13">
<collectingDate id="7015E9C04A7BFFEFAC6595F7ECC04687" box="[270,426,1667,1693]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2011-02-13">13 Feb. 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="B91A533E4A7BFFEFACDD95F0EF2F4687" box="[438,581,1667,1694]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">R.M. Rocha</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="72FEAE2D4A7BFFEFAFEC95F0EFB84684" box="[647,722,1668,1694]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="44499E934A7BFFEFAFB295F7EE2D4687" box="[729,839,1667,1693]" collectionCode="LEP-" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">LEP-009</specimenCode>
, slide
<collectionCode id="72FEAE2D4A7BFFEFAEFA95F0EEB64684" box="[913,988,1668,1694]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="44499E934A7BFFEFAE8F95F7E9254687" box="[996,1103,1667,1693]" collectionCode="DID" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">DID3.81</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CF565634A7BFFE9ADD695B0EE3C42F0" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="145036E84A7BFFEFADD695B0EC2446C4" blockId="11.[189,334,1732,1758]" box="[189,334,1732,1758]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="4F1881844A7BFFEFADD695B0EC2446C4" bold="true" box="[189,334,1732,1758]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="3">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A7BFFEFADD695B0EC2446C4" bold="true" box="[189,334,1732,1758]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="145036E84A7BFFEFADD69587ECB147FB" blockId="11.[189,1399,1779,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Colonies are globular, small (0.51.0 cm wide), beige and translucent when fixed in formalin. Many colonies were found adhering to a branching alga, attached to a horizontal surface of granitic outcrop on the bottom. Many colonies had only one common cloacal aperture, while most colonies had two (
<figureCitation id="8CD42A6D4A7BFFEFADAD9429EC64476D" box="[198,270,1884,1911]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1948,1974]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,265,1765]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Leptoclinides sp. (DZUP LEP-009). A. Preserved colony on algae. B. Detail of preserved colonies. C. Spicules. D. Thorax. EF. Abdomen. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B = 0.5 cm; DF = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3526908" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3526908/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
AB). The tunic is smooth and soft. Spicules (
<quantity id="D3179B0D4A7BFFEFAE2F9428EEA8476D" box="[836,962,1884,1911]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="42.5" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="30.0">3055 µm</quantity>
in diameter) are low in density and uniformly distributed throughout the colony, mostly next to the surface layer. Spicules are stellate, with six to eight rays in cross-section, and rays are long and conical, with separate bases and granular patches between them (
<figureCitation id="8CD42A6D4A7BFFEFAC1A94B2ECA447FB" box="[369,462,1990,2017]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1948,1974]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,265,1765]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Leptoclinides sp. (DZUP LEP-009). A. Preserved colony on algae. B. Detail of preserved colonies. C. Spicules. D. Thorax. EF. Abdomen. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B = 0.5 cm; DF = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3526908" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3526908/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="409066604A7CFFE8ADD694E8E98C47C3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3526908" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3526908" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3526908/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[189,232,1948,1974]" targetBox="[189,1398,265,1756]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="145036E84A7CFFE8ADD694E8E98C47C3" blockId="12.[189,1399,1948,2010]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A7CFFE8ADD694E8EC6247AC" bold="true" box="[189,264,1948,1974]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D3EF4D6B4A7CFFE8AC6694E8ECC147AC" authorityName="Berjan" authorityYear="1905" box="[269,427,1948,1974]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A7CFFE8AC6694E8ECC147AC" box="[269,427,1948,1974]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Leptoclinides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (DZUP LEP-009).
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A7CFFE8AFDA94E8EFAC47AC" bold="true" box="[689,710,1948,1974]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
. Preserved colony on algae.
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A7CFFE8A96794E8E94A47AC" bold="true" box="[1036,1056,1948,1974]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
. Detail of preserved colonies.
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A7CFFE8ADD694CBEDB847C3" bold="true" box="[189,210,1983,2009]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
. Spicules.
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A7CFFE8AC3894CBEC0247C3" bold="true" box="[339,360,1983,2009]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
. Thorax.
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A7CFFE8ACB194CBEF6447C3" bold="true" box="[474,526,1983,2009]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">EF</emphasis>
. Abdomen. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B = 0.5 cm; DF = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="145036E84A7DFFE9ADD6927FEC104206" blockId="13.[189,1399,267,540]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Zooids (
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long) with thorax and abdomen of about the same length. The thorax has 56 longitudinal muscle fibers on each side. The oral siphon is short, wide and tubular, with evident circular muscle fibers. Its margin is slightly undulate, without clear lobes. The atrial siphon is downward oriented, tubular, but with a large diameter and without lobes in the aperture. Circular muscle fibers (1920) are conspicuous. The first three rows in the pharynx have 810 stigmata, while the fourth has 79. The thoracic organ is circular, larger than the stigmata and not salient. It is at the level of the third row of stigmata in the middle of the thorax (
<figureCitation id="8CD42A6D4A7DFFE9AEDB92AAE97841E3" box="[944,1042,478,505]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1948,1974]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,265,1765]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Leptoclinides sp. (DZUP LEP-009). A. Preserved colony on algae. B. Detail of preserved colonies. C. Spicules. D. Thorax. EF. Abdomen. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B = 0.5 cm; DF = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3526908" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3526908/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
). In some zooids the organ is full of spicules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="145036E84A7DFFE9ADD69137EE3C42F0" blockId="13.[189,1399,579,747]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
The esophago-rectal peduncle is usually short and narrow, but some zooids have a long esophagus. The abdomen is vertical. The globular stomach may be slightly overlapped by the intestinal loop. There are three stoloniferous vessels of different sizes, with the largest being half the length of the abdomen. The testis has three follicles, surrounded by 46 counter-clockwise (few zooids with clockwise direction) turns of the sperm duct (
<figureCitation id="8CD42A6D4A7DFFE9ACB791A4EF4A42F1" box="[476,544,720,747]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1948,1974]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,265,1765]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Leptoclinides sp. (DZUP LEP-009). A. Preserved colony on algae. B. Detail of preserved colonies. C. Spicules. D. Thorax. EF. Abdomen. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B = 0.5 cm; DF = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3526908" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3526908/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
EF). Larvae were absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CF565634A7DFFE9ADD69066EFEE444A" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="145036E84A7DFFE9ADD69066EC454336" blockId="13.[189,303,786,812]" box="[189,303,786,812]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="4F1881844A7DFFE9ADD69066EC454336" bold="true" box="[189,303,786,812]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A7DFFE9ADD69066EC454336" bold="true" box="[189,303,786,812]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="145036E84A7DFFE9ADD69034EFEE444A" blockId="13.[189,1399,832,1105]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
This lot was different from all others from
<collectingCountry id="6CF876784A7DFFE9AFB69034EE4F4340" box="[733,805,832,858]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Brazil</collectingCountry>
or the Atlantic Ocean. A unique feature of this species was the globular, aggregated, small colonies. Despite their color, stellate spicule shape and male reproductive system, all of which are similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="D3EF4D6B4A7DFFE9AEC990F3E92343BA" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1923" box="[930,1097,902,928]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A7DFFE9AEC990F3E92343BA" box="[930,1097,902,928]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">L. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this species comprises a thin encrusting colony, with larger (2 ×) spicules, and an atrial siphon with a smaller diameter. While we suspect that this may be an undescribed species, we prefer not to name it here, due to the lack of diagnostic larvae and the few colonies we examined. It is possible that all the colonies we examined are part of the same clone and arose by fission, which is suggested by its aggregation, the small colony size and the usually single common cloaca.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CF565634A7DFFE9ADD6970CECA444DA" box="[189,462,1144,1216]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="145036E84A7DFFE9ADD6970CEC3C4488" blockId="13.[189,342,1144,1170]" box="[189,342,1144,1170]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="4F1881844A7DFFE9ADD6970CEC3C4488" bold="true" box="[189,342,1144,1170]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A7DFFE9ADD6970CEC3C4488" bold="true" box="[189,342,1144,1170]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="145036E84A7DFFE9ADD697D2ECA444DA" blockId="13.[189,462,1190,1216]" box="[189,462,1190,1216]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<collectingCountry id="6CF876784A7DFFE9ADD697D2EC6F44DA" box="[189,261,1190,1216]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="D62BF80A4A7DFFE9AC7F97D2ECA844DA" box="[276,450,1190,1216]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>