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<mods:title id="060B0F466030919E03BDE06B93AF8A48">First description of the male of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895) (Diplopoda Spirostreptida: Cambalopsidae) from China</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="40C9E28792CF88A3B0E2CDFB89C45020">Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550009, China. &amp; mei 0601 @ 126. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2449 - 3036</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="BEF7C7037119FFF4FF5EFD1636FAFCB9" bold="true" box="[151,404,762,789]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Glyphiulus formosus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E81266E07119FFF4FE6DFD163524FCB9" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[420,586,762,788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" pagination="346 - 368" refId="ref4422" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1895) Report upon the Chilopoda and Diplopoda obtained by P. W. Bassett-Smith, Esq., Surgeon R. N., and J. J. Walker, Esq., R. N., during the cruise in the Chinese Seas of H. M. S. ' Penguin', Commander W. U. Moore commanding. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 15 (88), 346 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939508677895" type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock, 1895</bibRefCitation>
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(
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22)
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<emphasis id="BEF7C7037119FFF4FF5EFC8F36F2FCD6" box="[151,412,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Cambalomorpha formosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E81266E07119FFF4FE6AFC8F350DFCD6" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[419,611,867,891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" pagination="346 - 368" refId="ref4422" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1895) Report upon the Chilopoda and Diplopoda obtained by P. W. Bassett-Smith, Esq., Surgeon R. N., and J. J. Walker, Esq., R. N., during the cruise in the Chinese Seas of H. M. S. ' Penguin', Commander W. U. Moore commanding. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 15 (88), 346 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939508677895" type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock, 1895: 364</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0D223D007119FFF4FDA5FC8F3445FCD6" author="Attems, C." box="[620,811,867,891]" page="295" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" year="1914">
<bibRefCitation id="E81266E07119FFF4FDA5FC8F3445FCD6" author="Attems, C." box="[620,811,867,891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" pagination="1 - 398" refId="ref3407" refString="Attems, C. (1914) Die indo-australischen Myriopoden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 80 A (4), 1 - 398." type="journal article" year="1914">Attems, 1914: 295</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4B8360927119FFF4FF5EFC6E3559FC37" authority="Mauries, 1970: 513" authorityName="Mauries" authorityPageNumber="513" authorityYear="1970" box="[151,567,898,922]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C7037119FFF4FF5EFC6E3604FC37" box="[151,362,898,922]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Glyphiulus formosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E81266E07119FFF4FEB9FC6E3559FC37" author="Mauries, J. - P." box="[368,567,898,922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" pagination="509 - 519" refId="ref4303" refString="Mauries, J. - P. (1970) Examen des types des genres Cambalomorpha et Cambalopsis Pocock, 1895. Essai de classification des Glyphiulinae Verhoeff, 1936 (Diplopoda, Cambalidea). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, 2 e Serie, 3, 509 - 519." type="journal article" year="1970">Mauriès, 1970: 513</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="E81266E07119FFF4FDBCFC6E3453FC37" author="Mauries, J. - P." box="[629,829,898,922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" pagination="243 - 250" refId="ref4356" refString="Mauries, J. - P. (1977) Le genre Glyphiulus Gervais, 1847, et sa place dans la classification des Cambalides, a propos de la description d'une nouvelle espece du Viet-Nam (Diplopoda, Iulida, Cambalidea). Bulletin du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, 3 e Serie, Zoologie, 301 (431), 243 - 250." type="journal article" year="1977">Mauriès, 1977: 246</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="E81266E07119FFF4FC8EFC6E3333FC37" author="Wang, D. Q. &amp; Mauries, J. - P." box="[839,1117,898,922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" pagination="81 - 99" refId="ref4523" refString="Wang, D. Q. &amp; Mauries, J. - P. (1996) Review and perspective of study on myriapodology of China. Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, New Series, 169, 81 - 99." type="journal article" year="1996">Wang &amp; Mauriès, 1996: 85</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="E81266E07119FFF4FAD3FC6E363AFC14" author="Golovatch, S. I. &amp; Geoffroy, J. - J. &amp; MaurieIs, J. - P. &amp; VandenSpiege, D." pageId="1" pageNumber="282" pagination="7 - 49" refId="ref3710" refString="Golovatch, S. I., Geoffroy, J. - J., MaurieIs, J. - P. &amp; VandenSpiege, D. (2007 a) Review of the millipede genus Glyphiulus Gervais, 1847, with descriptions of new species from Southeast Asia (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae). Part 1. The granulatus - group. Zoosystema, 29 (1), 7 - 49." type="journal article" year="2007">
Golovatch
<emphasis id="BEF7C7037119FFF4FA43FC6F378CFC15" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">et al.</emphasis>
, 2007a: 11
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<bibRefCitation id="E81266E07119FFF4FE96FC4C35EAFC14" author="Golovatch, S. I. &amp; Geoffroy, J. - J. &amp; MaurieIs, J. - P. &amp; VandenSpiege, D." box="[351,644,928,953]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" pagination="417 - 456" refId="ref3786" refString="Golovatch, S. I., Geoffroy, J. - J., MaurieIs, J. - P. &amp; VandenSpiege, D. (2007 b) Review of the millipede genus Glyphiulus Gervais, 1847, with descriptions of new species from Southeast Asia (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae). Part 2. The javanicus - group. Zoosystema, 29 (3), 417 - 456." type="journal article" year="2007">
Golovatch
<emphasis id="BEF7C7037119FFF4FE06FC4D356CFC15" box="[463,514,928,952]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">et al.</emphasis>
, 2007b: 418
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<bibRefCitation id="E81266E07119FFF4FD47FC4C341CFC15" author="Jiang, X. K. &amp; Guo, X. &amp; Chen, H. M. &amp; Xie, Z. C." box="[654,882,928,953]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" pagination="155 - 179" refId="ref4130" refString="Jiang, X. K., Guo, X., Chen, H. M. &amp; Xie, Z. C. (2018) Four new species of the Glyphiulus javanicus group from southern China (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae). ZooKeys, 741, 155 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 741.23223" type="journal article" year="2018">
Jiang
<emphasis id="BEF7C7037119FFF4FD03FC4D3593FC15" box="[714,765,928,952]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018: 156
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<emphasis id="BEF7C7037119FFF4FF5EFC0A3528FBAC" bold="true" box="[151,582,998,1025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Material examined. Near-topotypes:</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F4945B817119FFF4FC2CFC0B3345FBAC" box="[997,1067,999,1025]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="4E47D5F37119FFF4FBFCFC0B324AFBAC" box="[1077,1316,999,1025]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Guangdong Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6C58816B7119FFF4FAE6FC0B37A6FB88" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Shenzhen City</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="895C4DCA7119FFF4FF1DFBE73569FB88" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:042AAA077119FFF2FF5EFD16359EFE58:895C4DCA7119FFF4FF1DFBE73569FB88" box="[212,519,1035,1061]" country="China" latitude="22.57139" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="113.97889" municipality="Shenzhen City" name="Tanglangshan Suburb Park" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" stateProvince="Guangdong">Tanglangshan Suburb Park</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E9B77DD67119FFF4FDDAFBE735C9FB88" box="[531,679,1035,1061]" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" precision="15" seconds="17" value="22.57139">22°3417” N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E9B77DD67119FFF4FD7DFBE6343FFB88" box="[692,849,1034,1061]" degrees="113" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" precision="15" seconds="44" value="113.97889">113°5844” E</geoCoordinate>
, alt.
<quantity id="4B7BB6F47119FFF4FC40FBE734BAFB88" box="[905,980,1035,1061]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" unit="m" value="270.0">
<elevation id="07AEFC227119FFF4FC40FBE734BAFB88" box="[905,980,1035,1061]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" unit="m" value="270.0">270 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="F83D3DD17119FFF4FC28FBE733CCFB88" box="[993,1186,1035,1061]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" value="2018-10-13">
<collectingDate id="E879C4397119FFF4FC28FBE733CCFB88" box="[993,1186,1035,1061]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" value="2018-10-13">13 October 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="21767EC77119FFF4FB67FBE73246FB88" box="[1198,1320,1035,1061]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">X.K. Jiang</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="21767EC77119FFF4FAA8FBE737BCFBE4" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">H.M. Chen</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="EA9283D47119FFF4FEDBFBC33602FBE4" box="[274,364,1071,1097]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">IBGAS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C499489A7119FFF4FF0EFBBE3407FAC4" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8C3C1B117119FFF4FF0EFBBE3407FAC4" blockId="1.[151,1436,998,1421]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">
<emphasis id="BEF7C7037119FFF4FF0EFBBE362CFBC1" bold="true" box="[199,322,1106,1132]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="4B8360927119FFF4FD45FBBF3475FBC1" authorityName="Carl" authorityYear="1911" box="[652,795,1107,1133]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanicus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C7037119FFF4FD45FBBF3475FBC1" box="[652,795,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">G. javanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, and it can be separated from other species from this group except for
<taxonomicName id="4B8360927119FFF4FE41FB9B359CFB3C" authority="Zhang &amp; Li, 1982" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Li" authorityYear="1982" box="[392,754,1143,1169]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="recticullus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C7037119FFF4FE41FB9B3571FB3C" box="[392,543,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">G. recticullus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E81266E07119FFF4FDEEFB9B359CFB3C" author="Zhang, C. Z. &amp; Li, Z. Y." box="[551,754,1143,1169]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" pagination="85 - 93" refId="ref4566" refString="Zhang, C. Z. &amp; Li, Z. Y. (1982) Die Gattung Glyphiulus (Diplopoda: Cambalidea) von China. Sinozoologia, 2, 85 - 93." type="journal article" year="1982">Zhang &amp; Li, 1982</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4B8360927119FFF4FCE0FB9B3306FB3C" authority="Jiang et al., 2018" authorityName="Jiang" authorityYear="2018" box="[809,1128,1143,1169]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calceus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C7037119FFF4FCE0FB9B34CEFB3C" box="[809,928,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">G. calceus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E81266E07119FFF4FC6EFB9B3306FB3C" author="Jiang, X. K. &amp; Guo, X. &amp; Chen, H. M. &amp; Xie, Z. C." box="[935,1128,1143,1169]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" pagination="155 - 179" refId="ref4130" refString="Jiang, X. K., Guo, X., Chen, H. M. &amp; Xie, Z. C. (2018) Four new species of the Glyphiulus javanicus group from southern China (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae). ZooKeys, 741, 155 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 741.23223" type="journal article" year="2018">
Jiang
<emphasis id="BEF7C7037119FFF4FC20FB9B334CFB3C" box="[1001,1058,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by (1) the crests on collum complete and developed, carinotaxic formula IIII + P + M; (2) male legs I two-segmented, obviously shorter than coxosternal process; (3) coxite process of anterior gonopod prolonged and axe-shaped; (4) male femora VI and VII slightly inflated.
<taxonomicName id="4B8360927119FFF4FE90FB0F368AFB50" authorityName="Mauries" authorityYear="1970" box="[345,484,1251,1277]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C7037119FFF4FE90FB0F368AFB50" box="[345,484,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">G. formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4B8360927119FFF4FD71FB0F343FFB50" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Li" authorityYear="1982" box="[696,849,1251,1277]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="recticullus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C7037119FFF4FD71FB0F343FFB50" box="[696,849,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">G. recticullus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it can be distinguished by the flagellum of the posterior gonopod being incurved.
<taxonomicName id="4B8360927119FFF4FDE8FAEB35C4FA8C" authorityName="Mauries" authorityYear="1970" box="[545,682,1287,1313]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C7037119FFF4FDE8FAEB35C4FA8C" box="[545,682,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">G. formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be diagnosed from
<taxonomicName id="4B8360927119FFF4FC7EFAEB3340FA8C" box="[951,1070,1287,1313]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calceus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C7037119FFF4FC7EFAEB3340FA8C" box="[951,1070,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">G. calceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by (1) coxite process of anterior gonopod relatively broader and shorter; (2) flagellum of posterior gonopod more slender; (3) male femora VI and VII slightly inflated, whereas they are unmodified in
<taxonomicName id="4B8360927119FFF4FD25FAA3340CFAC4" box="[748,866,1359,1385]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calceus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C7037119FFF4FD25FAA3340CFAC4" box="[748,866,1359,1385]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">G. calceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C499489A7119FFF0FF0EFA9E335BF963" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="286" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" type="description">
<paragraph id="8C3C1B117119FFF4FF0EFA9E3220FA20" blockId="1.[151,1436,998,1421]" box="[199,1358,1394,1421]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">
<emphasis id="BEF7C7037119FFF4FF0EFA9E3637FA21" bold="true" box="[199,345,1394,1420]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Description.</emphasis>
Body size ca.
<quantity id="4B7BB6F47119FFF4FE34FA9E3518FA20" box="[509,630,1394,1421]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" unit="mm" value="31.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="27.0">2735 mm</quantity>
long and 1.62.0 mm wide. Body rings with 5258p + 42a + T.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D8FC4B997119FFF4FF5EF8723625F877" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416280" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4416280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416280/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" startId="1.[151,250,1950,1974]" targetBox="[151,1435,1445,1927]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8C3C1B117119FFF4FF5EF8723625F877" blockId="1.[151,1437,1950,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">
<emphasis id="BEF7C7037119FFF4FF5EF872367CF81B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1950,1974]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Somatic morphology of
<taxonomicName id="4B8360927119FFF4FDC4F87234ECF81B" authority="(Pocock, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[525,898,1950,1974]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C7037119FFF4FDC4F87235B1F81B" box="[525,735,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Glyphiulus formosus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E81266E07119FFF4FD22F8723417F81B" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[747,889,1950,1974]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" pagination="346 - 368" refId="ref4422" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1895) Report upon the Chilopoda and Diplopoda obtained by P. W. Bassett-Smith, Esq., Surgeon R. N., and J. J. Walker, Esq., R. N., during the cruise in the Chinese Seas of H. M. S. ' Penguin', Commander W. U. Moore commanding. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 15 (88), 346 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939508677895" type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock, 1895</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="BEF7C7037119FFF4FC43F87234F2F81B" bold="true" box="[906,924,1950,1974]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">A</emphasis>
. specimen
<emphasis id="BEF7C7037119FFF4FBC7F873333FF81B" box="[1038,1105,1951,1974]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">in vivo</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="BEF7C7037119FFF4FB97F8723301F81B" bold="true" box="[1118,1135,1950,1974]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">B</emphasis>
. alcohol-preserved specimen.
<emphasis id="BEF7C7037119FFF4FF5EF82E3792F877" bold="true" box="[151,252,1986,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Scale bar</emphasis>
: 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8C3C1B11711AFFF7FF0EFF7A34E9FEEC" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711AFFF7FF0EFF7A367EFF1D" bold="true" box="[199,272,150,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Color.</emphasis>
Generally orange-yellow (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711AFFF7FDF5FF7B3513FF1C" box="[572,637,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1950,1974]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1445,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-381@1.[151,1435,1445,1927]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Somatic morphology of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. specimen in vivo; B. alcohol-preserved specimen. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416280/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
); epicranium purple (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711AFFF7FCB8FF7B34A5FF1C" box="[881,971,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-181@2.[151,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. Head and anterior part of body, anterior view, arrow indicates the presence of ectoparasitic fungi, order Entomophthorales; B. same, lateral view; C. midbody rings, dorsal view; D. same, lateral view; E. posterior part of body, dorsal view; F. same, lateral view, arrows indicate the dorsal tooth of epiproct; G. cross-section of a midbody ring, caudal view. Scale bars: AD, 0.5 mm; EF, 0.2 mm; G, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416283/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
); clypeus and labrum cream; color of collum and subsequent two rings variable, from cream (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711AFFF7FD20FF57345EFF78" box="[745,816,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1950,1974]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1445,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-381@1.[151,1435,1445,1927]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Somatic morphology of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. specimen in vivo; B. alcohol-preserved specimen. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416280/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="14B80794711AFFF7FCF7FF573422FF78" box="[830,844,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-181@2.[151,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. Head and anterior part of body, anterior view, arrow indicates the presence of ectoparasitic fungi, order Entomophthorales; B. same, lateral view; C. midbody rings, dorsal view; D. same, lateral view; E. posterior part of body, dorsal view; F. same, lateral view, arrows indicate the dorsal tooth of epiproct; G. cross-section of a midbody ring, caudal view. Scale bars: AD, 0.5 mm; EF, 0.2 mm; G, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416283/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">2</figureCitation>
AB) to fuscous; one thin, purple dorsal median line (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711AFFF7FF56FF333793FF54" box="[159,253,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1950,1974]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1445,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-381@1.[151,1435,1445,1927]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Somatic morphology of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. specimen in vivo; B. alcohol-preserved specimen. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416280/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="14B80794711AFFF7FEC0FF333645FF54" box="[265,299,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-181@2.[151,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. Head and anterior part of body, anterior view, arrow indicates the presence of ectoparasitic fungi, order Entomophthorales; B. same, lateral view; C. midbody rings, dorsal view; D. same, lateral view; E. posterior part of body, dorsal view; F. same, lateral view, arrows indicate the dorsal tooth of epiproct; G. cross-section of a midbody ring, caudal view. Scale bars: AD, 0.5 mm; EF, 0.2 mm; G, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416283/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">2C</figureCitation>
) and two purple lateral bands (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711AFFF7FD42FF3335BCFF54" box="[651,722,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1950,1974]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1445,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-381@1.[151,1435,1445,1927]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Somatic morphology of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. specimen in vivo; B. alcohol-preserved specimen. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416280/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="14B80794711AFFF7FD28FF333580FF54" box="[737,750,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-181@2.[151,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. Head and anterior part of body, anterior view, arrow indicates the presence of ectoparasitic fungi, order Entomophthorales; B. same, lateral view; C. midbody rings, dorsal view; D. same, lateral view; E. posterior part of body, dorsal view; F. same, lateral view, arrows indicate the dorsal tooth of epiproct; G. cross-section of a midbody ring, caudal view. Scale bars: AD, 0.5 mm; EF, 0.2 mm; G, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416283/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">2</figureCitation>
BF) extending from fourth ring to the last ring of trunk; the lateral band covering the ozoporiferous tubercles to the lateralmost crests (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711AFFF7FC2FFEEF332CFEB0" box="[998,1090,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1950,1974]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1445,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-381@1.[151,1435,1445,1927]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Somatic morphology of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. specimen in vivo; B. alcohol-preserved specimen. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416280/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="14B80794711AFFF7FB99FEEF3318FEB0" box="[1104,1142,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-181@2.[151,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. Head and anterior part of body, anterior view, arrow indicates the presence of ectoparasitic fungi, order Entomophthorales; B. same, lateral view; C. midbody rings, dorsal view; D. same, lateral view; E. posterior part of body, dorsal view; F. same, lateral view, arrows indicate the dorsal tooth of epiproct; G. cross-section of a midbody ring, caudal view. Scale bars: AD, 0.5 mm; EF, 0.2 mm; G, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416283/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">2D</figureCitation>
); telson light yellow (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711AFFF7FAA6FEEF37CBFEEC" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-181@2.[151,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. Head and anterior part of body, anterior view, arrow indicates the presence of ectoparasitic fungi, order Entomophthorales; B. same, lateral view; C. midbody rings, dorsal view; D. same, lateral view; E. posterior part of body, dorsal view; F. same, lateral view, arrows indicate the dorsal tooth of epiproct; G. cross-section of a midbody ring, caudal view. Scale bars: AD, 0.5 mm; EF, 0.2 mm; G, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416283/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
EF); antennae purple (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711AFFF7FE64FECB369EFEEC" box="[429,496,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-181@2.[151,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. Head and anterior part of body, anterior view, arrow indicates the presence of ectoparasitic fungi, order Entomophthorales; B. same, lateral view; C. midbody rings, dorsal view; D. same, lateral view; E. posterior part of body, dorsal view; F. same, lateral view, arrows indicate the dorsal tooth of epiproct; G. cross-section of a midbody ring, caudal view. Scale bars: AD, 0.5 mm; EF, 0.2 mm; G, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416283/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
AB); legs cream-colored (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711AFFF7FCEBFECB3416FEEC" box="[802,888,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1950,1974]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1445,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-381@1.[151,1435,1445,1927]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Somatic morphology of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. specimen in vivo; B. alcohol-preserved specimen. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416280/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C3C1B11711AFFF7FF0EFEA73238FE7C" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711AFFF7FF0EFEA73660FEC8" bold="true" box="[199,270,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Head.</emphasis>
Each eye patch with 1012 pigmented ommatidia arranged in two irregular linear rows (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711AFFF7FADEFEA7320EFEC8" box="[1303,1376,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-181@2.[151,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. Head and anterior part of body, anterior view, arrow indicates the presence of ectoparasitic fungi, order Entomophthorales; B. same, lateral view; C. midbody rings, dorsal view; D. same, lateral view; E. posterior part of body, dorsal view; F. same, lateral view, arrows indicate the dorsal tooth of epiproct; G. cross-section of a midbody ring, caudal view. Scale bars: AD, 0.5 mm; EF, 0.2 mm; G, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416283/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Figs 2</figureCitation>
AB, 3AB). Antennae stout. Antennomeres V expanded distally (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711AFFF7FCF4FE8334F7FE24" box="[829,921,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-181@2.[151,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. Head and anterior part of body, anterior view, arrow indicates the presence of ectoparasitic fungi, order Entomophthorales; B. same, lateral view; C. midbody rings, dorsal view; D. same, lateral view; E. posterior part of body, dorsal view; F. same, lateral view, arrows indicate the dorsal tooth of epiproct; G. cross-section of a midbody ring, caudal view. Scale bars: AD, 0.5 mm; EF, 0.2 mm; G, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416283/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Figs 2B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="14B80794711AFFF7FC6CFE8334A6FE24" box="[933,968,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1913,1937]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,525,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-151@3.[151,1435,525,1889]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. anterior part of body, dorsal view; B. same, lateral view; C. midbody rings, dorsal view; D. same, lateral view; E. posterior part of body, dorsal view; F. same, ventral view. Scale bars: AD, 1 mm; EF, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416285/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">3B</figureCitation>
). Antennae apical cones obvious (3 cones lost in
<figureCitation id="14B80794711AFFF7FF2AFE7F3653FE00" box="[227,317,402,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1573,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1435,181,1549]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. tip of antenna; B. mandibular gnathal lobe, anterior view; C. vulvae, caudal view; D. cross-section of a midbody ring, caudal view; E. limbus; F. same, zoom-in. Scale bars: AB, 0.2 mm; C, 0.3 mm; D, 1 mm; E, 0.02 mm; F, 0.004 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416289/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). Clypeus with four teeth medially (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711AFFF7FD19FE7F3445FE00" box="[720,811,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,561,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-214@4.[151,1435,561,1860]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. gnathochilarium, ventral view; B. legs I, caudal view; C. legs II, caudal view; D. leg III, caudal view; E. leg VI, caudal view; F. leg VII, caudal view; G. midbody leg, caudal view; H. same, claw. Abbreviations: cs, coxosternum; csp, coxosternal process; cx, coxa; p, penis; t, telopodite. Scale bars: AG, 0.2 mm; H, 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416287" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416287/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Gnathochilarium with a separate promentum, oligotrichous (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711AFFF7FF21FE5B362DFE7C" box="[232,323,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,561,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-214@4.[151,1435,561,1860]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. gnathochilarium, ventral view; B. legs I, caudal view; C. legs II, caudal view; D. leg III, caudal view; E. leg VI, caudal view; F. leg VII, caudal view; G. midbody leg, caudal view; H. same, claw. Abbreviations: cs, coxosternum; csp, coxosternal process; cx, coxa; p, penis; t, telopodite. Scale bars: AG, 0.2 mm; H, 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416287" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416287/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Mandibular gnathal lobe with a large external tooth and three small internal teeth (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711AFFF7FB38FE5B3227FE7C" box="[1265,1353,438,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1573,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1435,181,1549]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. tip of antenna; B. mandibular gnathal lobe, anterior view; C. vulvae, caudal view; D. cross-section of a midbody ring, caudal view; E. limbus; F. same, zoom-in. Scale bars: AB, 0.2 mm; C, 0.3 mm; D, 1 mm; E, 0.02 mm; F, 0.004 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416289/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="D8FC4B99711AFFF7FF5EF8E6326FF823" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416283" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4416283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416283/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" startId="2.[151,250,1802,1826]" targetBox="[152,1435,489,1779]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8C3C1B11711AFFF7FF5EF8E6326FF823" blockId="2.[151,1436,1802,1935]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711AFFF7FF5EF8E6367CF88E" bold="true" box="[151,274,1802,1827]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Morphological characters of
<taxonomicName id="4B836092711AFFF7FDF3F8E734C0F88E" authority="(Pocock, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[570,942,1803,1827]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711AFFF7FDF3F8E73462F88E" box="[570,780,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Glyphiulus formosus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E81266E0711AFFF7FCD1F8E734C8F88E" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[792,934,1803,1827]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" pagination="346 - 368" refId="ref4422" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1895) Report upon the Chilopoda and Diplopoda obtained by P. W. Bassett-Smith, Esq., Surgeon R. N., and J. J. Walker, Esq., R. N., during the cruise in the Chinese Seas of H. M. S. ' Penguin', Commander W. U. Moore commanding. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 15 (88), 346 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939508677895" type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock, 1895</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711AFFF7FC7EF8E634A7F88F" bold="true" box="[951,969,1802,1826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">A</emphasis>
. Head and anterior part of body, anterior view, arrow indicates the presence of ectoparasitic fungi, order
<taxonomicName id="4B836092711AFFF7FD20F8C334C8F8EA" authorityName="G.Winter" authorityYear="1880" box="[745,934,1839,1863]" class="Entomophthoromycetes" kingdom="Fungi" order="Entomophthorales" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Entomophthoromycota" rank="order">Entomophthorales</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711AFFF7FC7BF8C334ADF8EA" bold="true" box="[946,963,1839,1863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">B</emphasis>
. same, lateral view;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711AFFF7FB52F8C233C3F8EB" bold="true" box="[1179,1197,1838,1862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">C</emphasis>
. midbody rings, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711AFFF7FF1EF8BF3787F8C6" bold="true" box="[215,233,1875,1899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">D</emphasis>
. same, lateral view;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711AFFF7FE0BF8BF36BDF8C6" bold="true" box="[450,467,1875,1899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">E</emphasis>
. posterior part of body, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711AFFF7FC9DF8BF340DF8C6" bold="true" box="[852,867,1875,1899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">F</emphasis>
. same, lateral view, arrows indicate the dorsal tooth of epiproct;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711AFFF7FF31F89A367CF823" bold="true" box="[248,274,1910,1934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">G.</emphasis>
cross-section of a midbody ring, caudal view.
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711AFFF7FD23F89A3437F822" bold="true" box="[746,857,1910,1935]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Scale bars</emphasis>
: AD, 0.5 mm; EF, 0.2 mm; G, 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8C3C1B11711AFFF7FF0EF85132F2F87A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1981,2043]" box="[199,1436,1981,2007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711AFFF7FF0EF8513649F87A" bold="true" box="[199,295,1981,2007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Collum.</emphasis>
All crests on collum complete and fully developed, carinotaxic formula IIII + P + M (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711AFFF7FAD1F851320EF87A" box="[1304,1376,1981,2007]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-181@2.[151,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. Head and anterior part of body, anterior view, arrow indicates the presence of ectoparasitic fungi, order Entomophthorales; B. same, lateral view; C. midbody rings, dorsal view; D. same, lateral view; E. posterior part of body, dorsal view; F. same, lateral view, arrows indicate the dorsal tooth of epiproct; G. cross-section of a midbody ring, caudal view. Scale bars: AD, 0.5 mm; EF, 0.2 mm; G, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416283/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Figs 2</figureCitation>
AB,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C3C1B11711AFFF6FF5EF80D35FFFEC8" blockId="2.[151,1437,1981,2043]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="284" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
3AB).
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711AFFF7FF3AF80D3610F856" bold="true" box="[243,382,2017,2043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Body rings.</emphasis>
Postcollum constriction modest (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711AFFF7FD32F80D3438F856" box="[763,854,2017,2043]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1950,1974]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1445,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-381@1.[151,1435,1445,1927]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Somatic morphology of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. specimen in vivo; B. alcohol-preserved specimen. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416280/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). Tegument rough. Front of prozonae delicately al- veolate-areolate. Posterior parts of prozonae with fine longitudinal striations separated by smooth areas. Metazonae with engraved reticulate pattern (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711BFFF6FDC3FF573524FF78" box="[522,586,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1913,1937]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,525,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-151@3.[151,1435,525,1889]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. anterior part of body, dorsal view; B. same, lateral view; C. midbody rings, dorsal view; D. same, lateral view; E. posterior part of body, dorsal view; F. same, ventral view. Scale bars: AD, 1 mm; EF, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416285/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
AE). Metatergal crests well-developed (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711BFFF6FBD0FF57330EFF78" box="[1049,1120,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-181@2.[151,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. Head and anterior part of body, anterior view, arrow indicates the presence of ectoparasitic fungi, order Entomophthorales; B. same, lateral view; C. midbody rings, dorsal view; D. same, lateral view; E. posterior part of body, dorsal view; F. same, lateral view, arrows indicate the dorsal tooth of epiproct; G. cross-section of a midbody ring, caudal view. Scale bars: AD, 0.5 mm; EF, 0.2 mm; G, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416283/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Figs 2</figureCitation>
BG, 3AE). Crests divided into two transverse rows of tubercles, carinotaxic formula 2/2+I/i+3/3+I/i+2/2 (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711BFFF6FBDCFF333332FF54" box="[1045,1116,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-181@2.[151,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. Head and anterior part of body, anterior view, arrow indicates the presence of ectoparasitic fungi, order Entomophthorales; B. same, lateral view; C. midbody rings, dorsal view; D. same, lateral view; E. posterior part of body, dorsal view; F. same, lateral view, arrows indicate the dorsal tooth of epiproct; G. cross-section of a midbody ring, caudal view. Scale bars: AD, 0.5 mm; EF, 0.2 mm; G, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416283/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Figs 2</figureCitation>
BD, 3BD). Ozoporiferous tubercles with rounded tip, larger than other tubercles. Lateral crests rather small, about 1/3 size of ozoporiferous tubercles (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711BFFF6FEC5FECB363DFEEC" box="[268,339,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-181@2.[151,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. Head and anterior part of body, anterior view, arrow indicates the presence of ectoparasitic fungi, order Entomophthorales; B. same, lateral view; C. midbody rings, dorsal view; D. same, lateral view; E. posterior part of body, dorsal view; F. same, lateral view, arrows indicate the dorsal tooth of epiproct; G. cross-section of a midbody ring, caudal view. Scale bars: AD, 0.5 mm; EF, 0.2 mm; G, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416283/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Figs 2</figureCitation>
BD, G, 3BD, 5D). Midbody rings round in cross-section (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711BFFF6FC33FECB3336FEEC" box="[1018,1112,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-181@2.[151,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. Head and anterior part of body, anterior view, arrow indicates the presence of ectoparasitic fungi, order Entomophthorales; B. same, lateral view; C. midbody rings, dorsal view; D. same, lateral view; E. posterior part of body, dorsal view; F. same, lateral view, arrows indicate the dorsal tooth of epiproct; G. cross-section of a midbody ring, caudal view. Scale bars: AD, 0.5 mm; EF, 0.2 mm; G, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416283/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Figs 2G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="14B80794711BFFF6FBADFECA33E7FEEC" box="[1124,1161,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1573,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1435,181,1549]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. tip of antenna; B. mandibular gnathal lobe, anterior view; C. vulvae, caudal view; D. cross-section of a midbody ring, caudal view; E. limbus; F. same, zoom-in. Scale bars: AB, 0.2 mm; C, 0.3 mm; D, 1 mm; E, 0.02 mm; F, 0.004 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416289/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">5D</figureCitation>
). Limbus with two rows of fine and regular denticulation (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711BFFF6FDC6FEA7353FFEC8" box="[527,593,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1573,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1435,181,1549]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. tip of antenna; B. mandibular gnathal lobe, anterior view; C. vulvae, caudal view; D. cross-section of a midbody ring, caudal view; E. limbus; F. same, zoom-in. Scale bars: AB, 0.2 mm; C, 0.3 mm; D, 1 mm; E, 0.02 mm; F, 0.004 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416289/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
EF).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C3C1B11711BFFF6FF0EFE8334CDFE00" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711BFFF6FF0EFE833675FE24" bold="true" box="[199,283,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Telson.</emphasis>
Epiproct simple, with a rounded caudal ridge and a sharp dorsal tooth (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711BFFF6FBFEFE833313FE24" box="[1079,1149,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-181@2.[151,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. Head and anterior part of body, anterior view, arrow indicates the presence of ectoparasitic fungi, order Entomophthorales; B. same, lateral view; C. midbody rings, dorsal view; D. same, lateral view; E. posterior part of body, dorsal view; F. same, lateral view, arrows indicate the dorsal tooth of epiproct; G. cross-section of a midbody ring, caudal view. Scale bars: AD, 0.5 mm; EF, 0.2 mm; G, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416283/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Figs 2</figureCitation>
EF, 3E). Paraprocts convex, polytrichous (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711BFFF6FEA1FE7F36D1FE00" box="[360,447,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-181@2.[151,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. Head and anterior part of body, anterior view, arrow indicates the presence of ectoparasitic fungi, order Entomophthorales; B. same, lateral view; C. midbody rings, dorsal view; D. same, lateral view; E. posterior part of body, dorsal view; F. same, lateral view, arrows indicate the dorsal tooth of epiproct; G. cross-section of a midbody ring, caudal view. Scale bars: AD, 0.5 mm; EF, 0.2 mm; G, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416283/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Figs 2F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="14B80794711BFFF6FE02FE7F3685FE00" box="[459,491,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1913,1937]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,525,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-151@3.[151,1435,525,1889]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. anterior part of body, dorsal view; B. same, lateral view; C. midbody rings, dorsal view; D. same, lateral view; E. posterior part of body, dorsal view; F. same, ventral view. Scale bars: AD, 1 mm; EF, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416285/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">3F</figureCitation>
). Hypoproct crescent-shaped (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711BFFF6FC89FE7F34F8FE00" box="[832,918,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1913,1937]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,525,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-151@3.[151,1435,525,1889]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. anterior part of body, dorsal view; B. same, lateral view; C. midbody rings, dorsal view; D. same, lateral view; E. posterior part of body, dorsal view; F. same, ventral view. Scale bars: AD, 1 mm; EF, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416285/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C3C1B11711BFFF6FF0EFE5A3633FE58" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711BFFF6FF0EFE5A3607FE7C" bold="true" box="[199,361,438,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Walking legs.</emphasis>
Slender, slightly longer than body width, with a small accessory claw present at base of claw (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711BFFF6FF56FE373788FE58" box="[159,230,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,561,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-214@4.[151,1435,561,1860]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. gnathochilarium, ventral view; B. legs I, caudal view; C. legs II, caudal view; D. leg III, caudal view; E. leg VI, caudal view; F. leg VII, caudal view; G. midbody leg, caudal view; H. same, claw. Abbreviations: cs, coxosternum; csp, coxosternal process; cx, coxa; p, penis; t, telopodite. Scale bars: AG, 0.2 mm; H, 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416287" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416287/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Figs 4</figureCitation>
GH, 5D).
</paragraph>
<caption id="D8FC4B99711BFFF6FF5EF895354FF874" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416285" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4416285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416285/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" startId="3.[151,250,1913,1937]" targetBox="[151,1435,525,1889]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8C3C1B11711BFFF6FF5EF895354FF874" blockId="3.[151,1437,1913,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711BFFF6FF5EF895367DF83C" bold="true" box="[151,275,1913,1937]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Morphological characters of
<taxonomicName id="4B836092711BFFF6FD88F89634D7F83C" authority="(Pocock, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[577,953,1913,1938]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711BFFF6FD88F896347AF83F" box="[577,788,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Glyphiulus formosus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E81266E0711BFFF6FCE8F89634DFF83C" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[801,945,1913,1938]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" pagination="346 - 368" refId="ref4422" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1895) Report upon the Chilopoda and Diplopoda obtained by P. W. Bassett-Smith, Esq., Surgeon R. N., and J. J. Walker, Esq., R. N., during the cruise in the Chinese Seas of H. M. S. ' Penguin', Commander W. U. Moore commanding. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 15 (88), 346 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939508677895" type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock, 1895</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711BFFF6FC0AF89534BBF83C" bold="true" box="[963,981,1913,1937]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">A</emphasis>
. anterior part of body, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711BFFF6FA8DF896323BF83F" bold="true" box="[1348,1365,1914,1938]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">B</emphasis>
. same, lateral view;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711BFFF6FED3F8713642F818" bold="true" box="[282,300,1949,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">C</emphasis>
. midbody rings, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711BFFF6FD90F8723505F81B" bold="true" box="[601,619,1950,1974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">D</emphasis>
. same, lateral view;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711BFFF6FCF2F8723422F81B" bold="true" box="[827,844,1950,1974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">E</emphasis>
. posterior part of body, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711BFFF6FB77F87233A3F81B" bold="true" box="[1214,1229,1950,1974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">F</emphasis>
. same, ventral view.
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711BFFF6FF5EF82D3668F877" bold="true" box="[151,262,1985,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Scale bars</emphasis>
: AD, 1 mm; EF, 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8C3C1B11711CFFF1FF0EFF7B35DBFDB4" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711CFFF1FF0EFF7B3688FF1C" bold="true" box="[199,486,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Male sexual characters.</emphasis>
Male legs I strongly reduced to two-segmented appendages, with a pair of medial coxosternal hooked processes in contact medially (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711CFFF1FD1AFF573445FF78" box="[723,811,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,561,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-214@4.[151,1435,561,1860]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. gnathochilarium, ventral view; B. legs I, caudal view; C. legs II, caudal view; D. leg III, caudal view; E. leg VI, caudal view; F. leg VII, caudal view; G. midbody leg, caudal view; H. same, claw. Abbreviations: cs, coxosternum; csp, coxosternal process; cx, coxa; p, penis; t, telopodite. Scale bars: AG, 0.2 mm; H, 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416287" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416287/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). Male legs II normal. Penes small (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711CFFF1FB08FF573275FF78" box="[1217,1307,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,561,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-214@4.[151,1435,561,1860]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. gnathochilarium, ventral view; B. legs I, caudal view; C. legs II, caudal view; D. leg III, caudal view; E. leg VI, caudal view; F. leg VII, caudal view; G. midbody leg, caudal view; H. same, claw. Abbreviations: cs, coxosternum; csp, coxosternal process; cx, coxa; p, penis; t, telopodite. Scale bars: AG, 0.2 mm; H, 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416287" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416287/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). Male legs III modified, with coxa especially slender and elongated (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711CFFF1FCEEFF3334EDFF54" box="[807,899,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,561,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-214@4.[151,1435,561,1860]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. gnathochilarium, ventral view; B. legs I, caudal view; C. legs II, caudal view; D. leg III, caudal view; E. leg VI, caudal view; F. leg VII, caudal view; G. midbody leg, caudal view; H. same, claw. Abbreviations: cs, coxosternum; csp, coxosternal process; cx, coxa; p, penis; t, telopodite. Scale bars: AG, 0.2 mm; H, 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416287" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416287/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). Femora VI and VII slightly inflated distoventrally (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711CFFF1FF2AFEEF3649FEB0" box="[227,295,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,561,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-214@4.[151,1435,561,1860]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. gnathochilarium, ventral view; B. legs I, caudal view; C. legs II, caudal view; D. leg III, caudal view; E. leg VI, caudal view; F. leg VII, caudal view; G. midbody leg, caudal view; H. same, claw. Abbreviations: cs, coxosternum; csp, coxosternal process; cx, coxa; p, penis; t, telopodite. Scale bars: AG, 0.2 mm; H, 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416287" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416287/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
EF).
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711CFFF1FEA7FEEE3539FEB0" bold="true" box="[366,599,258,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Anterior gonopods.</emphasis>
Coxite shield-like, ridged medially, creating a slight depression in caudal view, with a line of microsetae at the distolateral margin (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711CFFF1FCEAFECB3413FEEF" box="[803,893,295,322]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,417,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-168@6.[151,1435,417,1696]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. anterior gonopods, caudal view; B. posterior gonopods, caudal view; C. microsetae at base of telopodites of anterior gonopods; D. flagellum of posterior gonopods; E. microsetae at lateral margin of posterior gonopods. Abbreviations: c, coxite; cp, coxite process; f, flagellum; l, lamelliform lobe; t, telopodite. Scale bars: A, 0.2 mm; B, 0.1 mm; C, 0.01 mm; D, 0.05 mm; E, 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416292/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Coxite processes slightly flattened, prolonged, axe-shaped, slightly longer than telopodites, with a few long setae at the medial margin (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711CFFF1FB4DFEA733B1FECB" box="[1156,1247,331,358]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,417,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-168@6.[151,1435,417,1696]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. anterior gonopods, caudal view; B. posterior gonopods, caudal view; C. microsetae at base of telopodites of anterior gonopods; D. flagellum of posterior gonopods; E. microsetae at lateral margin of posterior gonopods. Abbreviations: c, coxite; cp, coxite process; f, flagellum; l, lamelliform lobe; t, telopodite. Scale bars: A, 0.2 mm; B, 0.1 mm; C, 0.01 mm; D, 0.05 mm; E, 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416292/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Telopodites located laterally on coxite, one-segmented, slender, curved, with slight apical indentation distomedially and slightly expanded at base, and with several distal setae and a field of microsetae at base (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711CFFF1FBE9FE7F33F4FE00" box="[1056,1178,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,417,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-168@6.[151,1435,417,1696]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. anterior gonopods, caudal view; B. posterior gonopods, caudal view; C. microsetae at base of telopodites of anterior gonopods; D. flagellum of posterior gonopods; E. microsetae at lateral margin of posterior gonopods. Abbreviations: c, coxite; cp, coxite process; f, flagellum; l, lamelliform lobe; t, telopodite. Scale bars: A, 0.2 mm; B, 0.1 mm; C, 0.01 mm; D, 0.05 mm; E, 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416292/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Fig. 6A, C</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711CFFF1FB66FE7E32F2FE00" bold="true" box="[1199,1436,402,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Posterior gonopods.</emphasis>
Coxite with a medial lamelliform lobe and a row of strong, curved setae at mediolateral margin (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711CFFF1FB1CFE5B3240FE7F" box="[1237,1326,439,466]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,417,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-168@6.[151,1435,417,1696]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. anterior gonopods, caudal view; B. posterior gonopods, caudal view; C. microsetae at base of telopodites of anterior gonopods; D. flagellum of posterior gonopods; E. microsetae at lateral margin of posterior gonopods. Abbreviations: c, coxite; cp, coxite process; f, flagellum; l, lamelliform lobe; t, telopodite. Scale bars: A, 0.2 mm; B, 0.1 mm; C, 0.01 mm; D, 0.05 mm; E, 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416292/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
). Flagella short, incurved and sawtooth-shaped at inner margin, situated at the tip of coxite lobe (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711CFFF1FBAEFE37338DFE58" box="[1127,1251,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,417,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-168@6.[151,1435,417,1696]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. anterior gonopods, caudal view; B. posterior gonopods, caudal view; C. microsetae at base of telopodites of anterior gonopods; D. flagellum of posterior gonopods; E. microsetae at lateral margin of posterior gonopods. Abbreviations: c, coxite; cp, coxite process; f, flagellum; l, lamelliform lobe; t, telopodite. Scale bars: A, 0.2 mm; B, 0.1 mm; C, 0.01 mm; D, 0.05 mm; E, 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416292/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Fig. 6B, D</figureCitation>
). Lateral margin of coxite with a field of microsetae (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711CFFF1FDE7FE1335C6FDB4" box="[558,680,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,417,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-168@6.[151,1435,417,1696]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. anterior gonopods, caudal view; B. posterior gonopods, caudal view; C. microsetae at base of telopodites of anterior gonopods; D. flagellum of posterior gonopods; E. microsetae at lateral margin of posterior gonopods. Abbreviations: c, coxite; cp, coxite process; f, flagellum; l, lamelliform lobe; t, telopodite. Scale bars: A, 0.2 mm; B, 0.1 mm; C, 0.01 mm; D, 0.05 mm; E, 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416292/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Fig. 6D, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="D8FC4B99711CFFF1FF5EF8B73797F873" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416287" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4416287" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416287/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" startId="4.[151,250,1883,1907]" targetBox="[151,1435,561,1860]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8C3C1B11711CFFF1FF5EF8B73797F873" blockId="4.[151,1436,1883,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711CFFF1FF5EF8B7367DF8DE" bold="true" box="[151,275,1883,1907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Male of
<taxonomicName id="4B836092711CFFF1FEB9F8B73589F8DE" authority="(Pocock, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[368,743,1883,1907]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711CFFF1FEB9F8B7352CF8DE" box="[368,578,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Glyphiulus formosus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E81266E0711CFFF1FD86F8B735B0F8DE" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[591,734,1883,1907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" pagination="346 - 368" refId="ref4422" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1895) Report upon the Chilopoda and Diplopoda obtained by P. W. Bassett-Smith, Esq., Surgeon R. N., and J. J. Walker, Esq., R. N., during the cruise in the Chinese Seas of H. M. S. ' Penguin', Commander W. U. Moore commanding. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 15 (88), 346 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939508677895" type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock, 1895</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711CFFF1FD39F8B7346CF8DE" bold="true" box="[752,770,1883,1907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">A</emphasis>
. gnathochilarium, ventral view;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711CFFF1FB84F8B73330F8DE" bold="true" box="[1101,1118,1883,1907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">B</emphasis>
. legs I, caudal view;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711CFFF1FAFEF8B73227F8DE" bold="true" box="[1335,1353,1883,1907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">C</emphasis>
. legs II, caudal view;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711CFFF1FEE9F893365CF83A" bold="true" box="[288,306,1919,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">D</emphasis>
. leg III, caudal view;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711CFFF1FDDFF8933549F83A" bold="true" box="[534,551,1919,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">E</emphasis>
. leg VI, caudal view;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711CFFF1FCC5F8933475F83A" bold="true" box="[780,795,1919,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">F</emphasis>
. leg VII, caudal view;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711CFFF1FBC1F8933372F83A" bold="true" box="[1032,1052,1919,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">G</emphasis>
. midbody leg, caudal view;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711CFFF1FA88F893323BF83A" bold="true" box="[1345,1365,1919,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">H</emphasis>
. same, claw.
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711CFFF1FF1BF84F3605F816" bold="true" box="[210,363,1955,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Abbreviations</emphasis>
: cs, coxosternum; csp, coxosternal process; cx, coxa; p, penis; t, telopodite.
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711CFFF1FBB8F84F33B1F816" bold="true" box="[1137,1247,1955,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Scale bars</emphasis>
: AG, 0.2 mm; H, 0.05 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D8FC4B99711DFFF0FF5EF9C9343AF928" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416289" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4416289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416289/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" startId="5.[151,250,1573,1597]" targetBox="[151,1434,181,1548]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8C3C1B11711DFFF0FF5EF9C9343AF928" blockId="5.[151,1436,1573,1670]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711DFFF0FF5EF9C9367AF990" bold="true" box="[151,276,1573,1597]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Morphological characters of
<taxonomicName id="4B836092711DFFF0FD8BF9C934D5F990" authority="(Pocock, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[578,955,1573,1597]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711DFFF0FD8BF9C93478F990" box="[578,790,1573,1597]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Glyphiulus formosus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E81266E0711DFFF0FCEAF9C934DDF990" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[803,947,1573,1597]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" pagination="346 - 368" refId="ref4422" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1895) Report upon the Chilopoda and Diplopoda obtained by P. W. Bassett-Smith, Esq., Surgeon R. N., and J. J. Walker, Esq., R. N., during the cruise in the Chinese Seas of H. M. S. ' Penguin', Commander W. U. Moore commanding. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 15 (88), 346 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939508677895" type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock, 1895</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711DFFF0FC0CF9C934B9F990" bold="true" box="[965,983,1573,1597]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">A</emphasis>
. tip of antenna;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711DFFF0FB49F9C933FFF990" bold="true" box="[1152,1169,1573,1597]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">B</emphasis>
. mandibular gnathal lobe, anterior view;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711DFFF0FEE7F9A5362EF9CC" bold="true" box="[302,320,1609,1633]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">C</emphasis>
. vulvae, caudal view;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711DFFF0FDE5F9A53550F9CC" bold="true" box="[556,574,1609,1633]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">D</emphasis>
. cross-section of a midbody ring, caudal view;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711DFFF0FBE4F9A53350F9CC" bold="true" box="[1069,1086,1609,1633]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">E</emphasis>
. limbus;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711DFFF0FB68F9A533DEF9CC" bold="true" box="[1185,1200,1609,1633]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">F</emphasis>
. same, zoom-in.
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711DFFF0FAADF9A537A9F928" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Scale bars</emphasis>
: AB, 0.2 mm; C, 0.3 mm; D, 1 mm; E, 0.02 mm; F, 0.004 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8C3C1B11711DFFF0FF0EF958335BF963" blockId="5.[151,1436,1715,2030]" box="[199,1077,1715,1742]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711DFFF0FF0EF958364EF963" bold="true" box="[199,288,1716,1742]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Vulvae.</emphasis>
Simple, medial margin with a slightly laterally extended tip (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711DFFF0FC19F95F3347F963" box="[976,1065,1715,1742]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1573,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1435,181,1549]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. tip of antenna; B. mandibular gnathal lobe, anterior view; C. vulvae, caudal view; D. cross-section of a midbody ring, caudal view; E. limbus; F. same, zoom-in. Scale bars: AB, 0.2 mm; C, 0.3 mm; D, 1 mm; E, 0.02 mm; F, 0.004 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416289/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C499489A711DFFF0FF0EF9343448F897" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8C3C1B11711DFFF0FF0EF9343448F897" blockId="5.[151,1436,1715,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711DFFF0FF0EF9343642F95F" bold="true" box="[199,300,1752,1778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Ecology.</emphasis>
These millipedes were found under rocks and rotten logs in a deciduous forest (
<figureCitation id="14B80794711DFFF0FB7EF93B3392F95F" box="[1207,1276,1751,1778]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1032,1056]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,526,1006]" captionTargetId="figure-173@7.[151,1435,525,1009]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 7. Microhabitat of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. typical deciduous forest habitat of G. formosus. B. flipped stone in same habitat. Arrow indicates one G. formosus revealed from under the stone." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416294/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Some specimens have been parasitized by ectoparasitic fungi in the order
<taxonomicName id="4B836092711DFFF0FCA8F9173340F8B8" authorityName="G.Winter" authorityYear="1880" box="[865,1070,1787,1813]" class="Entomophthoromycetes" kingdom="Fungi" order="Entomophthorales" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" phylum="Entomophthoromycota" rank="order">Entomophthorales</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="14B80794711DFFF0FBF6F91733F4F8BB" box="[1087,1178,1787,1814]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-181@2.[151,1435,489,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphological characters of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895). A. Head and anterior part of body, anterior view, arrow indicates the presence of ectoparasitic fungi, order Entomophthorales; B. same, lateral view; C. midbody rings, dorsal view; D. same, lateral view; E. posterior part of body, dorsal view; F. same, lateral view, arrows indicate the dorsal tooth of epiproct; G. cross-section of a midbody ring, caudal view. Scale bars: AD, 0.5 mm; EF, 0.2 mm; G, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
), resembling its cavernicolous congener
<taxonomicName id="4B836092711DFFF0FEA2F8CC36ADF894" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="2017" box="[363,451,1823,1850]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711DFFF0FEA2F8CC36ADF894" box="[363,451,1823,1850]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">G. latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="E81266E0711DFFF0FE37F8F335D2F897" author="Jiang, X. K. &amp; Guo, X. &amp; Yu, Z. G. &amp; Chen, H. M." box="[510,700,1823,1850]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" pagination="197 - 208" refId="ref4050" refString="Jiang, X. K., Lv, J. C., Guo, X., Yu, Z. G. &amp; Chen, H. M. (2017) Two new species of the millipede genus Glyphiulus Gervais, 1847 from Southwest China (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalopsidae). Zootaxa, 4323 (2), 197 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4323.2.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
Jiang
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711DFFF0FD88F8CC3517F894" box="[577,633,1823,1849]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2D).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C499489A711DFFF2FF0EF8AF359EFE58" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="288" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8C3C1B11711DFFF0FF0EF8AF34EAF8F3" blockId="5.[151,1436,1715,2030]" box="[199,900,1859,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711DFFF0FF0EF8AF360FF8F0" bold="true" box="[199,353,1859,1885]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F4945B81711DFFF0FEAEF8AF36C0F8F0" box="[359,430,1859,1885]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">China</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingCountry id="F4945B81711DFFF0FE70F8A83552F8F3" box="[441,572,1860,1886]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
and Guangdong (Shenzhen).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C3C1B11711DFFF0FF0EF88B342BF82F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1715,2030]" box="[199,837,1895,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711DFFF0FF0EF88B3548F82F" bold="true" box="[199,550,1895,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">GenBank accession numbers.</emphasis>
<accessionNumber id="93D086F2711DFFF0FDE4F88B35DEF82F" box="[557,688,1895,1922]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN905178" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">MN905178</accessionNumber>
<accessionNumber id="93D086F2711DFFF0FD77F88B342FF82F" box="[702,833,1895,1922]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN905180" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">MN905180</accessionNumber>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C3C1B11711DFFF3FF0EF86032F2FE24" blockId="5.[151,1436,1715,2030]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,150,394]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="287" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711DFFF0FF0EF860367FF80B" bold="true" box="[199,273,1932,1958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Notes.</emphasis>
Our specimens agree with all the characters described for
<taxonomicName id="4B836092711DFFF0FC57F8603349F80B" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[926,1063,1932,1958]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711DFFF0FC57F8603349F80B" box="[926,1063,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">G. formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its original description, except the number of body rings and body size. The
<typeStatus id="5338A5B3711DFFF0FD56F843346FF864" box="[671,769,1967,1993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
has 72 body rings (number of podus and apodus rings unknown) and is about
<quantity id="4B7BB6F4711DFFF0FE4BF83F36BEF843" box="[386,464,2003,2030]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
long, whereas the largest specimen in our collection has 60 body rings (58 podus rings and 2 apodus rings) and is
<quantity id="4B7BB6F4711EFFF3FE75FF7A3567FF1C" box="[444,521,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
long. The type of anamorphosis in Cambalidea was deduced to be euanamorphosis (
<bibRefCitation id="E81266E0711EFFF3FF57FF5736EFFF78" author="Enghoff, H. &amp; Dohle, W. &amp; Blower, J. G." box="[158,385,187,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287" pagination="103 - 234" refId="ref3590" refString="Enghoff, H., Dohle, W. &amp; Blower, J. G. (1993) Anamorphosis in millipedes (Diplopoda) - the present state of knowledge with some developmental and phylogenetic considerations. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 109, 103 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1993. tb 00305. x" type="journal article" year="1993">
Enghoff
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711EFFF3FECDFF573650FF78" box="[260,318,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">et al.</emphasis>
1993
</bibRefCitation>
), that means the cambalids can successively molt in its entire lifetime, and every molt is accompanied by the addition of new body rings and length. Indeed, large intraspecific variation in adult ring number is known in the Cambalidea, with differences of up to 35 rings reported (
<bibRefCitation id="E81266E0711EFFF3FC6FFEEF33EBFEB0" author="Enghoff, H. &amp; Dohle, W. &amp; Blower, J. G." box="[934,1157,259,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287" pagination="103 - 234" refId="ref3590" refString="Enghoff, H., Dohle, W. &amp; Blower, J. G. (1993) Anamorphosis in millipedes (Diplopoda) - the present state of knowledge with some developmental and phylogenetic considerations. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 109, 103 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1993. tb 00305. x" type="journal article" year="1993">
Enghoff
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711EFFF3FBC3FEEF332CFEB0" box="[1034,1090,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">et al.</emphasis>
1993
</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, the
<typeStatus id="5338A5B3711EFFF3FAF2FEEF32F2FEB0" box="[1339,1436,259,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
having more rings and being longer in body length likely indicates a stadium older than our specimens. Based on the near identical somatic morphology, the very close geographic locality, and the fact that there is no other species reported from this area (or even the whole province), we confidently report our specimens as the species
<taxonomicName id="4B836092711EFFF3FAC4FE8332FBFE24" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[1293,1429,367,393]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711EFFF3FAC4FE8332FBFE24" box="[1293,1429,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">G. formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D8FC4B99711EFFF3FF5EF95B3420F896" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416292" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4416292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416292/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="287" startId="6.[151,250,1719,1743]" targetBox="[152,1435,417,1696]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8C3C1B11711EFFF3FF5EF95B3420F896" blockId="6.[151,1436,1719,1851]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711EFFF3FF5EF95B367AF962" bold="true" box="[151,276,1719,1743]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Male of
<taxonomicName id="4B836092711EFFF3FEBDF95B3581F962" authority="(Pocock, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[372,751,1719,1743]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711EFFF3FEBDF95B3526F962" box="[372,584,1719,1743]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">Glyphiulus formosus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E81266E0711EFFF3FD9FF95B3588F962" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[598,742,1719,1743]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287" pagination="346 - 368" refId="ref4422" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1895) Report upon the Chilopoda and Diplopoda obtained by P. W. Bassett-Smith, Esq., Surgeon R. N., and J. J. Walker, Esq., R. N., during the cruise in the Chinese Seas of H. M. S. ' Penguin', Commander W. U. Moore commanding. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 15 (88), 346 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939508677895" type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock, 1895</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711EFFF3FD30F95B3465F962" bold="true" box="[761,779,1719,1743]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">A</emphasis>
. anterior gonopods, caudal view;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711EFFF3FBA0F95B3314F962" bold="true" box="[1129,1146,1719,1743]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">B</emphasis>
. posterior gonopods, caudal view;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711EFFF3FF1EF9373787F95E" bold="true" box="[215,233,1755,1779]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">C</emphasis>
. microsetae at base of telopodites of anterior gonopods;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711EFFF3FCFCF9373429F95E" bold="true" box="[821,839,1755,1779]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">D</emphasis>
. flagellum of posterior gonopods;
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711EFFF3FB67F93733D1F95E" bold="true" box="[1198,1215,1755,1779]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">E</emphasis>
. microsetae at lateral margin of posterior gonopods.
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711EFFF3FE04F9133508F8BA" bold="true" box="[461,614,1791,1815]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">Abbreviations</emphasis>
: c, coxite; cp, coxite process; f, flagellum; l, lamelliform lobe; t, telopodite.
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711EFFF3FAADF91337A9F896" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">Scale bars</emphasis>
: A, 0.2 mm; B, 0.1 mm; C, 0.01 mm; D, 0.05 mm; E, 0.02 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8C3C1B11711EFFF3FF0EF8853657F85D" blockId="6.[151,1436,1897,2032]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287">
This species was known only from the original description and a brief redescription based on a female
<typeStatus id="5338A5B3711EFFF3FAFAF88532F6F82E" box="[1331,1432,1897,1923]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, collected in 1892 (
<bibRefCitation id="E81266E0711EFFF3FEACF8613695F805" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[357,507,1933,1960]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287" pagination="346 - 368" refId="ref4422" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1895) Report upon the Chilopoda and Diplopoda obtained by P. W. Bassett-Smith, Esq., Surgeon R. N., and J. J. Walker, Esq., R. N., during the cruise in the Chinese Seas of H. M. S. ' Penguin', Commander W. U. Moore commanding. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 15 (88), 346 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939508677895" type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock 1895</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E81266E0711EFFF3FDCFF86135CBF80A" author="Mauries, J. - P." box="[518,677,1933,1959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="287" pagination="509 - 519" refId="ref4303" refString="Mauries, J. - P. (1970) Examen des types des genres Cambalomorpha et Cambalopsis Pocock, 1895. Essai de classification des Glyphiulinae Verhoeff, 1936 (Diplopoda, Cambalidea). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, 2 e Serie, 3, 509 - 519." type="journal article" year="1970">Mauriès 1970</bibRefCitation>
). No further specimens have been reported since, until now with the 17 we collected for this study. Here, we have described the male of this species for the first time and solved this 125 years mystery.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C3C1B11711FFFF2FF0EFF7B36D5FEC8" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="288">
The most important feature to distinguish the two groups of
<taxonomicName id="4B836092711FFFF2FCB7FF7B3497FF1C" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1847" box="[894,1017,151,177]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="7" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711FFFF2FCB7FF7B3497FF1C" box="[894,1017,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="288">Glyphiulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the
<taxonomicName id="4B836092711FFFF2FBFDFF7B33BFFF1C" baseAuthorityName="Walckenaer &amp; Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[1076,1233,151,177]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="7" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulatus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711FFFF2FBFDFF7B33BFFF1C" box="[1076,1233,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="288">G. granulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group and the
<taxonomicName id="4B836092711FFFF2FA48FF7B366CFF79" authorityName="Carl" authorityYear="1911" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="7" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanicus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711FFFF2FA48FF7B366CFF79" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="288">G. javanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, is the morphology of male legs I (
<bibRefCitation id="E81266E0711FFFF2FD22FF573485FF78" author="Golovatch, S. I. &amp; Geoffroy, J. - J. &amp; MaurieIs, J. - P. &amp; VandenSpiegel, D." box="[747,1003,187,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="288" pagination="133 - 137" refId="ref3939" refString="Golovatch, S. I., Geoffroy, J. - J., MaurieIs, J. - P. &amp; VandenSpiegel, D. (2012) An unusual new species of the millipede genus Glyphiulus Gervais, 1847 from Borneo (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalopsidae). Russian Entomological Journal, 21 (2), 133 - 137. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / rusentj. 21.2.04" type="journal article" year="2012">
Golovatch
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711FFFF2FCA2FF5734C8FF78" box="[875,934,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="288">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E81266E0711FFFF2FC30FF5733D1FF78" author="Jiang, X. K. &amp; Guo, X. &amp; Yu, Z. G. &amp; Chen, H. M." box="[1017,1215,187,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="288" pagination="197 - 208" refId="ref4050" refString="Jiang, X. K., Lv, J. C., Guo, X., Yu, Z. G. &amp; Chen, H. M. (2017) Two new species of the millipede genus Glyphiulus Gervais, 1847 from Southwest China (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalopsidae). Zootaxa, 4323 (2), 197 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4323.2.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
Jiang
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711FFFF2FBF4FF573316FF78" box="[1085,1144,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="288">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
). However, lacking information on the male morphology,
<taxonomicName id="4B836092711FFFF2FD8AFF3335A2FF54" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[579,716,223,249]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="7" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711FFFF2FD8AFF3335A2FF54" box="[579,716,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="288">G. formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was tentatively assigned to the
<taxonomicName id="4B836092711FFFF2FBFBFF3333D1FF55" authorityName="Carl" authorityYear="1911" box="[1074,1215,223,249]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="7" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanicus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711FFFF2FBFBFF3333D1FF55" box="[1074,1215,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="288">G. javanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group based on the similarity to
<taxonomicName id="4B836092711FFFF2FEEDFEEF3526FEB0" authority="Attems, 1938" authorityName="Attems" authorityYear="1938" box="[292,584,259,285]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="7" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mediator">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711FFFF2FEEDFEEF36C4FEB0" box="[292,426,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="288">G. mediator</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E81266E0711FFFF2FE66FEEF3526FEB0" author="Attems, C." box="[431,584,259,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="288" pagination="187 - 353" refId="ref3432" refString="Attems, C. (1938) Die von Dr. C. Dawydoff in Franzo ¨ sisch Indochina gesammelten Myriopoden. Meimoires du Museium national d'Histoire naturelle, New Series, 6 (2), 187 - 353." type="journal article" year="1938">Attems, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, in that they share the same carinotaxic patterns (
<bibRefCitation id="E81266E0711FFFF2FBACFEEF326DFEB0" author="Mauries, J. - P." box="[1125,1283,259,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="288" pagination="509 - 519" refId="ref4303" refString="Mauries, J. - P. (1970) Examen des types des genres Cambalomorpha et Cambalopsis Pocock, 1895. Essai de classification des Glyphiulinae Verhoeff, 1936 (Diplopoda, Cambalidea). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, 2 e Serie, 3, 509 - 519." type="journal article" year="1970">Mauriès 1970</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E81266E0711FFFF2FAC4FEEF3668FEEF" author="Golovatch, S. I. &amp; Geoffroy, J. - J. &amp; MaurieIs, J. - P. &amp; VandenSpiege, D." pageId="7" pageNumber="288" pagination="417 - 456" refId="ref3786" refString="Golovatch, S. I., Geoffroy, J. - J., MaurieIs, J. - P. &amp; VandenSpiege, D. (2007 b) Review of the millipede genus Glyphiulus Gervais, 1847, with descriptions of new species from Southeast Asia (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae). Part 2. The javanicus - group. Zoosystema, 29 (3), 417 - 456." type="journal article" year="2007">
Golovatch
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711FFFF2FA41FEEF37DAFEEC" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="288">et al.</emphasis>
2007b
</bibRefCitation>
). Our discovery clearly shows the characters of male legs I, and verifies its current taxonomic placement in the
<taxonomicName id="4B836092711FFFF2FF14FEA73604FEC9" authorityName="Carl" authorityYear="1911" box="[221,362,331,357]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="7" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanicus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711FFFF2FF14FEA73604FEC9" box="[221,362,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="288">G. javanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C3C1B11711FFFF2FF0EFE83359EFE58" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="288">
The DNA barcodes of three specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4B836092711FFFF2FD7DFE83342EFE24" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[692,832,367,393]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="7" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711FFFF2FD7DFE83342EFE24" box="[692,832,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="288">G. formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were successfully obtained, with the final length of 635bp. The pairwise intraspecific distances calculated based on Kimura 2-parameter model were 0% and 1.76%, respectively. The interspecific distances between
<taxonomicName id="4B836092711FFFF2FD72FE5B342DFE7C" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[699,835,439,465]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="7" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711FFFF2FD72FE5B342DFE7C" box="[699,835,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="288">G. formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4B836092711FFFF2FCBEFE5B34B2FE7D" box="[887,988,439,465]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="7" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sattaa">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711FFFF2FCBEFE5B34B2FE7D" box="[887,988,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="288">G. sattaa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were 23.98%, and between
<taxonomicName id="4B836092711FFFF2FADDFE5B32F3FE7C" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[1300,1437,439,465]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="7" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711FFFF2FADDFE5B32F3FE7C" box="[1300,1437,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="288">G. formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4B836092711FFFF2FF0EFE373638FE58" box="[199,342,475,501]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Glyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="7" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duangdee">
<emphasis id="BEF7C703711FFFF2FF0EFE373638FE58" box="[199,342,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="288">G. duangdee</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were 26.42% and 26.65% (
<tableCitation id="C1012EAA711FFFF2FD45FE3735B1FE58" box="[652,735,475,501]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,239,1140,1164]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1. Kimura 2-parameter distances (%) for COI sequences within Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895) and between related species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D8FC4B99711FFFF2FF5EFB9836EFFB1D" pageId="7" pageNumber="288" tableUuid="D8FC4B99711FFFF2FF5EFB9836EFFB1D">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>