162 lines
16 KiB
XML
162 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="11D86DF94733A488B919345F3AB07C1C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1321.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5071103" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625504038740" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Silveira, Orlando Tobias" docDate="2006" docId="041387CF4B29FF95FE9FFE27FB66FADB" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01321p108.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1321 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1321.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Mischocyttarus socialis de Saussure" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="F82AFFB74B01FFBDFF97FFC4FFA3FFB2" masterDocTitle="Revision of the subgenus Kappa de Saussure of Mischocyttarus de Saussure (Hym.; Vespidae, Polistinae, Mischocyttarini)" masterLastPageNumber="108" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1698989677293" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="23F949ABE3FF2C2275A23A4E95FF18C7">
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<mods:title id="2052143CEC5704AA2D946B5F0064BBBC">Revision of the subgenus Kappa de Saussure of Mischocyttarus de Saussure (Hym.; Vespidae, Polistinae, Mischocyttarini)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A45CFD1F1813609DC43B6B07987C563C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="2D8AC0473946C66B1764B5C44422A703">Silveira, Orlando Tobias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="43D375D719161386E61BEF657F26423E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="41CA322CA8527861ADC2C6C2A08239A5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="11D5F99D801560D0B61D17D54E547D12">
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<mods:date id="2953F956AFCB2EE81F56086B57FA196F">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="61D9677A01ABCD769F6D1ABC3484CDD3">2006-09-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="FD85F54FBE6D2A16F269BFCC8B017599" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="3C3C1DF1DD8051CC42B69C1206AFE0B6">1321</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="A7588EC93A062445F24153C6683559D2" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="3B34A9570A820D3AF08F0D86F2312A1B">1</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="62CDF73236EF2EF82B6636A24DC4083F">108</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="166F8A6288DA4FB05A5E2C0961B9F236">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1321.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="75DAFAB47C9B314ED34324B74E8C01F9">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1A506ABDC1A6AB4D84011E1DEC98E062" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1321.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F633FB793F93E92AB784BAC236AE0CC3" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="041387CF4B29FF95FE9FFE27FB66FADB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5073090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5073090" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:041387CF4B29FF95FE9FFE27FB66FADB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/041387CF4B29FF95FE9FFE27FB66FADB" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<subSubSection id="C4A065524B29FF95FE9FFE27FC9BFE4F" box="[264,824,483,510]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8C0536D94B29FF95FE9FFE27FC9BFE4F" blockId="40.[264,824,483,510]" box="[264,824,483,510]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<heading id="D74D81B54B29FF95FE9FFE27FC9BFE4F" bold="true" box="[264,824,483,510]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B29FF95FE9FFE27FC9BFE4F" bold="true" box="[264,824,483,510]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Group of
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B29FF95FE15FE20FC9BFE4F" ID-CoL="6RLPX" authority="de Saussure" box="[386,824,483,510]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="socialis">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B29FF95FE15FE20FD38FE4C" bold="true" box="[386,667,484,510]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Mischocyttarus socialis</emphasis>
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de Saussure
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C4A065524B29FF95FE9FFDEBFB66FADB" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8C0536D94B29FF95FE9FFDEBFD33FB43" blockId="40.[264,1323,559,1385]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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This group may be easily identified by the robust mesosoma and shortened first metasomal segment (Figs. 43–45) allied to a color pattern unique in the genus, almost absolutely black, nearly without yellow marks, with the apex of the fore wing often being pale and contrasting to the darkened basal membrane.
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<bibRefCitation id="E82B4B284B29FF95FC8EFD63FC74FD73" author="Richards, O. W." box="[793,983,679,705]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref62496" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae." type="book" year="1978">Richards (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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recognized six species in the
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B29FF95FE9FFD0BFE2FFD5A" box="[264,396,719,745]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="socialis">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B29FF95FE9FFD0BFE83FD5A" box="[264,288,719,744]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">M</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B29FF95FEA5FD0BFE2FFD5A" box="[306,396,719,744]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">socialis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group, but considered his treatment as provisional noting that the number of species was probably excessive. Nomenclature in the group has a complicate history, caused in part by the inexactitude of original descriptions, but also as result of editorial errors in de Saussure’s work on vespids (1852–1858). The confusion perpetrated by authors through the years should have been partially resolved with the paper by
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<bibRefCitation id="E82B4B284B29FF95FB56FCABFEF9FC03" author="Bequaert, J." pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="295 - 308" refId="ref60666" refString="Bequaert, J. (1943) New and imperfectly known neotropical Polybiinae (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Journal of New York Entomological Society, 50, 295 - 308." type="journal article" year="1943">Bequaert (1943)</bibRefCitation>
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. This author pointed that the valid name for the species concept prevailing at the time was
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B29FF95FE1AFC7BFCB7FC6B" authority="de Saussure. However" authorityName="de Saussure. However" box="[397,788,959,985]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="socialis">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B29FF95FE1AFC7BFE45FC6A" box="[397,486,959,984]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">socialis</emphasis>
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de Saussure. However
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</taxonomicName>
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, both
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<bibRefCitation id="E82B4B284B29FF95FCE7FC7BFB9BFC6B" author="Richards, O. W." box="[880,1080,959,985]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="295 - 462" refId="ref62428" refString="Richards, O. W. (1945) A revision of the genus Mischocyttarus de Saussure (Hymen., Vespidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society, London, 95, 295 - 462." type="journal article" year="1945">Richards (1945)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="E82B4B284B29FF95FB11FC7BFA8AFC6B" author="Zikan, J. F." box="[1158,1321,959,985]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref63415" refString="Zikan, J. F. (1949) O genero Mischocyttarus Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae), com a descricao de 82 especies novas. Boletim do Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, 1, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1949">Zikán (1949)</bibRefCitation>
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maintained the inappropriate use of the name
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B29FF95FCD7FC23FBE9FBB3" authority="Olivier. Bequaert" authorityName="Olivier. Bequaert" box="[832,1098,999,1025]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ater">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B29FF95FCD7FC23FCCCFBB2" box="[832,879,999,1024]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">ater</emphasis>
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Olivier. Bequaert
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</taxonomicName>
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demonstrated that
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B29FF95FE9FFBCBFE4BFB9B" authority="Olivier" authorityName="Olivier" box="[264,488,1039,1065]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atra">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B29FF95FE9FFBCBFE2BFB9A" box="[264,392,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Vespa atra</emphasis>
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Olivier
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</taxonomicName>
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, possibly a
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B29FF95FDECFBCBFC2DFB9B" box="[635,910,1039,1065]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B29FF95FDECFBCBFC93FB9A" box="[635,816,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Mischocyttarus</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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of this group, was unavailable as homonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B29FF95FE3EFBF3FD5EFBE3" authority="Gmelin" authorityName="Gmelin" box="[425,765,1079,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atra" subGenus="Crabro">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B29FF95FE3EFBF3FE4EFBE2" box="[425,493,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Vespa</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B29FF95FD97FBF3FDF6FBE2" box="[512,597,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Crabro</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B29FF95FDFFFBF3FD3AFBE2" box="[616,665,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">atra</emphasis>
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Gmelin
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</taxonomicName>
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, this curiously a sphecid that had already been described with two other names,
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B29FF95FD24FB9BFC59FBCB" authority="Fabricus" authorityName="Fabricus" box="[691,1018,1119,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Crabro" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricinctus">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B29FF95FD24FB9BFC25FBCA" box="[691,902,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Crabro tricinctus</emphasis>
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Fabricus
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B29FF95FBD4FB9BFEC6FB13" authority="(Drury)" baseAuthorityName="Drury" baseAuthorityYear="1773" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sphecius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B29FF95FBD4FB9BFA89FBCA" box="[1091,1322,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Sphecius speciosus</emphasis>
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(Drury)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Bequaert also showed that the use of the name
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B29FF95FC07FB43FC4AFB12" box="[912,1001,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="socialis">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B29FF95FC07FB43FC4AFB12" box="[912,1001,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">socialis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for a species of
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B29FF95FB31FB43FAA2FB12" box="[1190,1281,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B29FF95FB31FB43FAA2FB12" box="[1190,1281,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Polybia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(as this genus is presently conceived) was an unfortunate consequence of errors in the legends of figures on de Saussure’s work.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8C0536D94B29FF95FEAFFB3BFB66FADB" blockId="40.[264,1323,559,1385]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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In the present study, only three species are recognized as valid in this group:
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B29FF95FA9CFB3BFDA8FAF3" authority="(de Saussure)" baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="socialis">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B29FF95FA9CFB3BFEC2FAF2" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">M. socialis</emphasis>
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(de Saussure)
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B29FF95FDA0FAE3FCFBFAF3" authority="Zikan" authorityName="Zikan. Delalande" authorityYear="1949" box="[567,856,1319,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atramentarius">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B29FF95FDA0FAE3FCA5FAF2" box="[567,774,1319,1344]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">M. atramentarius</emphasis>
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Zikán
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</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B29FF95FCF9FAE3FBE4FAF3" authority="(Fox)" baseAuthorityName="Fox" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[878,1095,1319,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deceptus">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B29FF95FCF9FAE3FC5EFAF2" box="[878,1021,1319,1344]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">M. deceptus</emphasis>
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(Fox)
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B29FF95FBE3FAE3FEF2FADB" authority="Zikan" authorityName="Zikan" authorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrocyaneus">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B29FF95FBE3FAE3FA88FAF2" box="[1140,1323,1319,1344]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">M. atrocyaneus</emphasis>
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Zikán
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</taxonomicName>
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), and
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B29FF95FE01FA8BFD20FADB" authority="(Ducke)" baseAuthorityName="Ducke" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[406,643,1359,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B29FF95FE01FA8BFDBFFADA" box="[406,540,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">M. imitator</emphasis>
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(Ducke)
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B29FF95FD3BFA8BFC20FADB" authority="Zikan" authorityName="Zikan" authorityYear="1949" box="[684,899,1359,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="goyanus">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B29FF95FD3BFA8BFC96FADA" box="[684,821,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">M. goyanus</emphasis>
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Zikán
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B29FF95FC18FA8BFB1BFADB" authority="Richards" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1978" box="[911,1208,1359,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="communalis">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B29FF95FC18FA8BFBE7FADA" box="[911,1092,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">M. communalis</emphasis>
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Richards
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |