298 lines
35 KiB
XML
298 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="77B3E70A88BB7F33EEF1BA75DA97F832" ID-CLB-Dataset="21082" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2014.953223" ID-GBIF-Dataset="43dd072d-56b0-4454-80a7-591d5efcc4d3" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4003950" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1598534233528" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Li, LongFeng & Shih, ChungKun" docDate="2014" docId="03A1D975FFD624601051FB4ECBCE6E8C" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.49.13-14.829-840.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 49 (13)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:210803DF447D5DCB84349979EDD3507F.6:JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="210803DF447D5DCB84349979EDD3507F" docStyleName="JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Proapocritus bialatus Li, Shih and Ren 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="837" masterDocId="FF98A10DFFD324681130FFF8CA216C32" masterDocTitle="Two new fossil wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apocrita) from northeastern China" masterLastPageNumber="840" masterPageNumber="829" pageNumber="834" updateTime="1698845550477" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="53AB443F5B1B0CF9ABC1F8B7F52185BC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C7B237252BC59D67BA8D90E06F06E122">
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<mods:title id="37936B27D863C57BE34D5C51CFEBFCB3">Two new fossil wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apocrita) from northeastern China</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="91980B14F7149E5E28662BAC0740FE5A" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="67434070FFA378795131EC6F46350B64">
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<mods:roleTerm id="08473CF5131AF876E43D44FA423E9B8E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B59191433585ADFEF9C2581CD7BE4E4C">Li, LongFeng</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="316B3200AF059C3931E2A383B97AE986" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="C8FFB2E8128C5C7225B436C1F6DC1D20">
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<mods:roleTerm id="72C9ED9A19D27B69DD30D2B8A83EE328">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C4C1800D1F7172222F77DB98FDB3D873">Shih, ChungKun</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="54434D0E812D234E760E69CC420AB5FA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="0B93DCE2732FC342BD57629DA502972A">
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<mods:title id="BF5153101A2E1C8151503949ED8A2E1D">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="A6B2F8DA7FE8388B67BD4184957E2E1E">
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<mods:date id="2848969AC44B5DDBC7AE20401CEC06E0">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E9FF279797C2F8709BA30F0A6FA8FD85" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="DF67047CCAD1FA3ABD58ED46CF4A055E">2014-08-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="370DE2DD03B2F197CEDD647AFC2773EB" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8A266C423752B1512EE4482F76558E98">49</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="11303D811446BDA2E9750C6114ED8CD6" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="A731B5670797D20C0168E793FF018D99">13</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="15E63F11FCFD0C6016D3AF89297CC6B3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5C6FBBCF6801B6223F0E7A2D09EEC5EA" type="CLB-Dataset">21082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="13298C33A5564EDC828135C9B4C199CE" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2014.953223</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A1D975FFD624601051FB4ECBCE6E8C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4328426" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167371119" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4328426" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A1D975FFD624601051FB4ECBCE6E8C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A1D975FFD624601051FB4ECBCE6E8C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="837" pageId="5" pageNumber="834">
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<subSubSection id="C3123BE8FFD6246D1051FB4EC95E68FE" box="[353,895,1205,1229]" pageId="5" pageNumber="834" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD6246D1051FB4EC95E68FE" blockId="5.[353,895,1205,1260]" box="[353,895,1205,1229]" pageId="5" pageNumber="834">
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<heading id="D0FFDF0FFFD6246D1051FB4EC95E68FE" box="[353,895,1205,1229]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="834" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD6246D1051FB4EC93A68FE" authority="Li, Shih and Ren" authorityName="Li, Shih and Ren" authorityYear="2014" box="[353,795,1205,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Ephialtitidae" genus="Proapocritus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="834" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bialatus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD6246D1051FB4EC86C68FF" box="[353,589,1205,1229]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="834">Proapocritus bialatus</emphasis>
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Li, Shih and Ren
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24F090AFFD6246D1215FB4DC95E68FE" box="[805,895,1205,1228]" pageId="5" pageNumber="834" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3123BE8FFD6246D1313FB2CC89C68DE" box="[547,701,1236,1260]" pageId="5" pageNumber="834" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD6246D1313FB2CC89C68DE" blockId="5.[353,895,1205,1260]" box="[547,701,1236,1260]" pageId="5" pageNumber="834">
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(
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<figureCitation id="133374E6FFD6246D131CFB2CC8B768DE" box="[556,662,1236,1260]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[212,279,795,817]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,168,762]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[212,1173,168,763]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Proapocritus bialatus sp. nov., photographs of holotype (CNU-HYM-NN-2012040). (A) Body with wings with alcohol; (B) body with wings without alcohol. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4003956" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4003956/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="834">Figures 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="133374E6FFD6246D1396FB2CC89268DE" box="[678,691,1236,1260]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[209,276,1591,1613]" captionTargetBox="[209,1169,984,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[209,1169,984,1560]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Proapocritus bialatus sp. nov., line drawings of holotype. (A) Body with wings; (B) left wings; (C) right wings. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4003958" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4003958/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="834">4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3123BE8FFD6246D11A0FAE4C8D5694E" pageId="5" pageNumber="834" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD6246D11A0FAE4CB286906" blockId="5.[144,1103,1308,1404]" box="[144,265,1308,1332]" pageId="5" pageNumber="834">
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<heading id="D0FFDF0FFFD6246D11A0FAE4CB286906" box="[144,265,1308,1332]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="834" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD6246D11A0FAE4CB286906" box="[144,265,1308,1332]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="834">Etymology</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD6246D11A0FABCC8D5694E" blockId="5.[144,1103,1308,1404]" pageId="5" pageNumber="834">
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The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word
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<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD6246D1224FABCC94B696E" authorityName="Li, Shih and Ren" authorityYear="2014" box="[788,874,1348,1372]" class="Insecta" family="Ephialtitidae" genus="Proapocritus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="834" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bialatus">
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<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD6246D1224FABCC94B696E" box="[788,874,1348,1372]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="834">bialatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(a pair of wings), indicating the well-preserved and out-stretched wings.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3123BE8FFD6246D11A0FA44C8436AA9" pageId="5" pageNumber="834" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD6246D11A0FA44CAD369E6" blockId="5.[144,644,1468,1532]" box="[144,242,1468,1492]" pageId="5" pageNumber="834">
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<heading id="D0FFDF0FFFD6246D11A0FA44CAD369E6" box="[144,242,1468,1492]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="834" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD6246D11A0FA44CAD369E6" box="[144,242,1468,1492]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="834">Material</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD6246D11A0FA1CC8A569CE" blockId="5.[144,644,1468,1532]" box="[144,644,1508,1532]" pageId="5" pageNumber="834">
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<materialsCitation id="3B60623EFFD6246D11A0FA1CC8A169CE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2849228301" box="[144,640,1508,1532]" pageId="5" pageNumber="834" specimenCode="CNU-HYM-NN-2012040" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54B3D6C1FFD6246D11A0FA1CCADB69CE" box="[144,250,1508,1532]" pageId="5" pageNumber="834" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="9D0EA3EAFFD6246D1032FA1CCB6D69CE" box="[258,332,1508,1532]" pageId="5" pageNumber="834" type="female">female</specimenCount>
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<specimenCode id="DBAEC018FFD6246D1065FA1CC8A169CE" box="[341,640,1508,1532]" pageId="5" pageNumber="834">CNU-HYM-NN-2012040</specimenCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD6246D11A0F9C4CB566A66" blockId="5.[144,1103,1596,1691]" box="[144,375,1596,1620]" pageId="5" pageNumber="834">
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<heading id="D0FFDF0FFFD6246D11A0F9C4CB566A66" box="[144,375,1596,1620]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="834" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD6246D11A0F9C4CB566A66" box="[144,375,1596,1620]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="834">Locality and horizon</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD6246D11A0F99BC8436AA9" blockId="5.[144,1103,1596,1691]" pageId="5" pageNumber="834">
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Jiulongshan Formation, Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County,
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<collectingRegion id="49CCA681FFD6246D11A0F97CCB666AA9" box="[144,327,1667,1691]" country="China" name="Nei Mongol" pageId="5" pageNumber="834">Inner Mongolia</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F31F28F3FFD6246D1063F97BCBBB6AA9" box="[339,410,1667,1691]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="834">China</collectingCountry>
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; Middle Jurassic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF7738EBFFD5246E11E4FCE3CEAC6F7F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4003956" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4003956" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4003956/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="835" startId="6.[212,279,795,817]" targetBox="[212,1172,168,762]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD5246E11E4FCE3CEAC6F7F" blockId="6.[212,1173,795,846]" pageId="6" pageNumber="835">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD5246E100CFCE3C82E6F02" authority="Li & Shih, 2014" authorityName="Li & Shih" authorityYear="2014" box="[316,527,795,816]" class="Insecta" family="Ephialtitidae" genus="Proapocritus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="835" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bialatus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD5246E100CFCE3C82E6F02" box="[316,527,795,816]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="835">Proapocritus bialatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24F090AFFD5246E1327FCE3C8486F02" box="[535,617,795,816]" pageId="6" pageNumber="835" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, photographs of holotype (CNU-HYM-NN-2012040). (A) Body with wings with alcohol; (B) body with wings without alcohol. Scale bars = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF7738EBFFD5246E11E1F9CFC8936A58" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4003958" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4003958" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4003958/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="835" startId="6.[209,276,1591,1613]" targetBox="[209,1169,984,1560]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD5246E11E1F9CFC8936A58" blockId="6.[209,1168,1591,1642]" pageId="6" pageNumber="835">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD5246E100AF9CFC82E6A7E" authority="Li & Shih, 2014" authorityName="Li & Shih" authorityYear="2014" box="[314,527,1591,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Ephialtitidae" genus="Proapocritus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="835" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bialatus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD5246E100AF9CFC82E6A7E" box="[314,527,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="835">Proapocritus bialatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24F090AFFD5246E1327F9C0C84A6A7F" box="[535,619,1592,1613]" pageId="6" pageNumber="835" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, line drawings of holotype. (A) Body with wings; (B) left wings; (C) right wings. Scale bars = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C3123BE8FFD4246F11A0FF51C9406D7A" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD4246F11A0FF51CADD6CF2" blockId="7.[144,1104,169,328]" box="[144,252,169,192]" pageId="7" pageNumber="836">
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<heading id="D0FFDF0FFFD4246F11A0FF51CADD6CF2" box="[144,252,169,192]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD4246F11A0FF51CADD6CF2" box="[144,252,169,192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="836">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD4246F11A0FF28C9406D7A" blockId="7.[144,1104,169,328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="836">Antenna slim, with more than 25 segments. Forewing with cu-a slightly postfurcal, 1r-rs vein reduced near R and pterostigma, 2r-m, 3r-m slightly bent (not vertical); 2mcu wavy curved; hind wing with 1-Rs originating not basad of M + Cu fork, 1-M and cu-a nearly parallel. First metasomal segment nearly trapezoid.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3123BE8FFD4246F11A0FE6CC8B269A2" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD4246F11A0FE6CCB2E6D99" blockId="7.[144,1104,404,1424]" box="[144,271,404,427]" pageId="7" pageNumber="836">
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<heading id="D0FFDF0FFFD4246F11A0FE6CCB2E6D99" box="[144,271,404,427]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD4246F11A0FE6CCB2E6D99" box="[144,271,404,427]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="836">Description</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD4246F11A0FE43C8336DC1" blockId="7.[144,1104,404,1424]" pageId="7" pageNumber="836">
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Female wasp in dorsal view; left and right wings well preserved with main veins clearly discernible (
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<figureCitation id="133374E6FFD4246F105CFE23C8226DC1" box="[364,515,475,499]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[212,279,795,817]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,168,762]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[212,1173,168,763]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Proapocritus bialatus sp. nov., photographs of holotype (CNU-HYM-NN-2012040). (A) Body with wings with alcohol; (B) body with wings without alcohol. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4003956" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4003956/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="836">Figure 3A, B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD4246F118AFE03CBA96FA0" blockId="7.[144,1104,404,1424]" pageId="7" pageNumber="836">
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Body
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<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD4246F1031FE03CB466E21" box="[257,359,507,531]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" unit="mm" value="15.8">15.8 mm</quantity>
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long including the antennae and ovipositor (body
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<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD4246F128BFE03CE356E21" box="[955,1044,507,531]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" unit="mm" value="9.6">9.6 mm</quantity>
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long excluding the antennae and ovipositor); the head transversely broad, about
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<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD4246F12C8FDE3CE716E01" box="[1016,1104,539,563]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
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long and
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wide; antenna thin and well preserved, with 25 antennomeres and about
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long, pedicel short and slightly narrower than distal part of the scape, flagellomeres equal in length and width; mesosoma long and slender, about
|
|
<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD4246F12C9FD83CE716EA0" box="[1017,1104,635,659]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
|
|
long and
|
|
<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD4246F11CFFD63CB766E80" box="[255,343,667,691]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
|
|
wide; pronotum, mesonotum, mesoscutellum, metanotum, metascutellum and propodeum discernible (
|
|
<figureCitation id="133374E6FFD4246F137DFD42C8C86EE0" box="[589,745,698,722]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[212,279,795,817]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,168,762]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[212,1173,168,763]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Proapocritus bialatus sp. nov., photographs of holotype (CNU-HYM-NN-2012040). (A) Body with wings with alcohol; (B) body with wings without alcohol. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4003956" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4003956/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="836">Figure 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
); the mesonotum with notauli nearly V-shaped and reaching transscutal suture; mesoscutellum slightly wider and longer than metanotum; propodeum longer than metanotum; metasoma
|
|
<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD4246F12F2FD02CE366F20" box="[962,1047,762,786]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
|
|
long excluding the ovipositor, with six segments visible, the first metasomal segment nearly trapezoid, apical part about 1.5 times as wide as basal part. Ovipositor
|
|
<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD4246F12F0FCC2CE376F60" box="[960,1046,826,850]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" unit="mm" value="5.2">5.2 mm</quantity>
|
|
long with sheaths; legs partially preserved and the hind legs longer and wider than the forelegs and mid legs.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD4246F118AFC62C97868C2" blockId="7.[144,1104,404,1424]" pageId="7" pageNumber="836">
|
|
Forewing
|
|
<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD4246F101EFC62CBA26F83" box="[302,387,922,946]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" unit="mm" value="6.7">6.7 mm</quantity>
|
|
long and
|
|
<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD4246F10C5FC62C86B6F83" box="[501,586,922,946]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
|
|
wide as preserved, with pterostigma long and acuminate, issuing 2r-rs at its mid-length (
|
|
<figureCitation id="133374E6FFD4246F1345FC42C92D6FE3" box="[629,780,954,978]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[212,279,795,817]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,168,762]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[212,1173,168,763]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Proapocritus bialatus sp. nov., photographs of holotype (CNU-HYM-NN-2012040). (A) Body with wings with alcohol; (B) body with wings without alcohol. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4003956" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4003956/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="836">Figure 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
); the first abscissa of Rs (1- Rs,
|
|
<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD4246F118EFC21CB356FC3" box="[190,276,985,1009]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
|
long) subvertical to R and slightly shorter than that of M (1-M,
|
|
<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD4246F12CAFC21CE716FC3" box="[1018,1104,985,1009]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
|
long); vein 1r-rs present but reduced near R and pterostigma, and the distance of 1r-rs to Rs base longer than that to 2r-rs base; vein 2r-rs slightly longer than the width of pterostigma and nearly as long as the maximal width of cell 2rm, and about half the length of 2rm, and subparallel to 1r-rs and 1-Rs; cell 1mcu nearly parallelogrammic, about 2.5 times as long as wide; vein 1m-cu (
|
|
<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD4246F1383FB81C92F68A3" box="[691,782,1145,1169]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
|
long) meeting 2rm slightly beyond Rs + M forking and slightly shorter than cu-a (
|
|
<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD4246F1200FB61C9AA6882" box="[816,907,1177,1201]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
|
long); vein cu-a slightly postfurcal, parallel to a
|
|
<subScript id="178C6A26FFD4246F10DDFB3BCBD668E1" attach="left" box="[493,503,1219,1235]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="836">1</subScript>
|
|
-a
|
|
<subScript id="178C6A26FFD4246F133DFB3BC83668E1" attach="left" box="[525,535,1219,1235]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="836">2</subScript>
|
|
and 1.6 times as long as a
|
|
<subScript id="178C6A26FFD4246F120CFB3BC96768E1" attach="right" box="[828,838,1219,1235]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="836">1</subScript>
|
|
-a
|
|
<subScript id="178C6A26FFD4246F126BFB3BC94468E1" attach="left" box="[859,869,1219,1235]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="836">2</subScript>
|
|
; vein 2m-cu bending and 1.5 times as long as 1m-cu; vein 2A completely preserved.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD4246F118AFB00C8B269A2" blockId="7.[144,1104,404,1424]" pageId="7" pageNumber="836">
|
|
Hind wing
|
|
<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD4246F1009FB00CBAE6922" box="[313,399,1272,1296]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
|
|
long and
|
|
<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD4246F1331FB00C8766922" box="[513,599,1272,1296]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
|
wide as preserved, distinguishable with 1-Rs origin at the same level of M + Cu forking; cell r closed; vein r-m straight and 0.6 times as long as 1-Rs; the first abscissa of M (1-M) slightly arched and about three times as long as r-m; vein cu-a long and strongly oblique, meeting Cu beyond M + Cu forking; vein A present, free M and Cu long.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C3123BE8FFD4246011A0FA24CBCE6E8C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="837" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD4246F11A0FA24CB8B69C6" blockId="7.[144,1104,1500,1691]" box="[144,426,1500,1524]" pageId="7" pageNumber="836">
|
|
<heading id="D0FFDF0FFFD4246F11A0FA24CB8B69C6" box="[144,426,1500,1524]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" reason="5">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD4246F11A0FA24CB8B69C6" box="[144,426,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="836">Remarks and comparison</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD4246011A0F9FBCB4C6D52" blockId="7.[144,1104,1500,1691]" lastBlockId="8.[212,1172,168,702]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="837" pageId="7" pageNumber="836">
|
|
The genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD4246F1024F9FCCBCB6A29" authorityName="Rasnitsyn" authorityYear="1975" box="[276,490,1539,1563]" class="Insecta" family="Ephialtitidae" genus="Proapocritus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD4246F1024F9FCCB836A29" box="[276,418,1540,1563]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="836">Proapocritus</emphasis>
|
|
, 1975
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was erected by a hymenopteran forewing from the Early or Middle Jurassic
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31F28F3FFD4246F10E5F9DCC87B6A0E" box="[469,602,1572,1596]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="7" pageNumber="836">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and tentatively placed in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD4246F1283F9DBCE6E6A09" authorityName="Rasnitsyn" authorityYear="1963" box="[947,1103,1571,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Karatavitidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Karatavitidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD4246F11A7F9BBCB156A69" authorityName="Rasnitsyn" authorityYear="1963" box="[151,308,1603,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Karatavitidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Karatavitidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
was considered to be the most primitive apocritans).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD4246F12F2F9BCCE716A69" authorityName="Rasnitsyn" authorityYear="1975" box="[962,1104,1604,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Ephialtitidae" genus="Proapocritus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD4246F12F2F9BCCE716A69" box="[962,1104,1604,1627]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="836">Proapocritus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was considered to almost completely cover the hiatus between
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD4246F1299F99CCE096A49" authorityName="Rasnitsyn" authorityYear="1963" box="[937,1064,1636,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Karatavitidae" genus="Karatavites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD4246F1299F99CCE096A49" box="[937,1064,1636,1659]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="836">Karatavites</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
of Symphyta and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD4246F1075F97BCBF76AA9" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[325,470,1667,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Ephialtitidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ephialtitidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
of Apocrita (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF991592FFD4246F134FF97BC9136AA9" author="Rasnitsyn AP" box="[639,818,1667,1691]" pageId="7" pageNumber="836" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref4894" refString="Rasnitsyn AP. 1975. Hymenoptera Apocrita of the Mesozoic. Transactions of the Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. 147: 1 - 134. [in Russian]." type="journal article" year="1975">Rasnitsyn 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Until 2010, Rasnitsyn and Zhang have reported six new species (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFDB246013F1FF51C9D56CF2" authorityName=", Rasnitsyn and Zhang" authorityYear="2010" box="[705,1012,168,192]" class="Insecta" family="Ephialtitidae" genus="Proapocritus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="837" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="densipediculus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFDB246013F1FF51C9D56CF2" box="[705,1012,168,192]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="837">Proapocritus densipediculus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFDB24601536FF51CB0A6CD2" authorityName="Rasnitsyn & Zhang" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Ephialtitidae" genus="Proapocritus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="837" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sculptus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFDB24601536FF51CB0A6CD2" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="837">Proapocritus sculptus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFDB2460100EFF31C81A6CD2" authorityName="Rasnitsyn & Zhang" authorityYear="2010" box="[318,571,200,224]" class="Insecta" family="Ephialtitidae" genus="Proapocritus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="837" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFDB2460100EFF31C81A6CD2" box="[318,571,200,224]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="837">Proapocritus formosus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFDB2460137EFF31C91B6CD2" authorityName="Rasnitsyn & Zhang" authorityYear="2010" box="[590,826,201,224]" class="Insecta" family="Ephialtitidae" genus="Proapocritus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="837" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atropus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFDB2460137EFF31C91B6CD2" box="[590,826,201,224]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="837">Proapocritus atropus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFDB2460127DFF31CEAC6CD2" authorityName="Rasnitsyn & Zhang" authorityYear="2010" box="[845,1165,200,224]" class="Insecta" family="Ephialtitidae" genus="Proapocritus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="837" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longantennatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFDB2460127DFF31CEAC6CD2" box="[845,1165,200,224]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="837">Proapocritus longantennatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFDB246011E4FF11CBE46D32" authorityName="Rasnitsyn & Zhang" authorityYear="2010" box="[212,453,232,256]" class="Insecta" family="Ephialtitidae" genus="Proapocritus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="837" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFDB246011E4FF11CBE46D32" box="[212,453,232,256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="837">Proapocritus elegans</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) of this genus, all specimens from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation at Daohugou Village of
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31F28F3FFDB24601231FEF0C9686D12" box="[769,841,264,288]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="837">China</collectingCountry>
|
|
. New and complete material not only provides new characters of this group but also broadens the diversity of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFDB246011E4FEB0CB486D52" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[212,361,328,352]" class="Insecta" family="Ephialtitidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="837" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ephialtitidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB76863FFDB246011CEFE90CBCE6E8C" blockId="8.[212,1172,168,702]" pageId="8" pageNumber="837">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFDB246011CEFE90CBD16DB2" authority="Li & Shih, 2014" authorityName="Li & Shih" authorityYear="2014" box="[254,496,360,384]" class="Insecta" family="Ephialtitidae" genus="Proapocritus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="837" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bialatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFDB246011CEFE90CBD16DB2" box="[254,496,360,384]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="837">Proapocritus bialatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24F090AFFDB246010CDFE90C87D6D4D" box="[509,604,360,383]" pageId="8" pageNumber="837" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
is assigned to to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFDB2460120EFE90CEB26D4D" authority="Rasnitsyn, 1975" authorityName="Rasnitsyn" authorityYear="1975" box="[830,1171,359,383]" class="Insecta" family="Ephialtitidae" genus="Proapocritus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="837" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFDB2460120EFE90C9ED6D4D" box="[830,972,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="837">Proapocritus</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF991592FFDB246012EAFE9FCEB26D4D" author="Rasnitsyn AP" box="[986,1171,359,383]" pageId="8" pageNumber="837" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref4894" refString="Rasnitsyn AP. 1975. Hymenoptera Apocrita of the Mesozoic. Transactions of the Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. 147: 1 - 134. [in Russian]." type="journal article" year="1975">Rasnitsyn, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
because of the following characters: wings with complete venation, forewing with 1- Rs directed slightly posterodistally; 1r-rs, 2r-m, 3r-m, 2m-cu, 2A and a
|
|
<subScript id="178C6A26FFDB24601538FE4ACE336DF0" attach="left" box="[1032,1042,434,450]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="837">1</subScript>
|
|
-a
|
|
<subScript id="178C6A26FFDB24601518FE4ACE136DF0" attach="left" box="[1064,1074,434,450]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="837">2</subScript>
|
|
present; hind wing with enclosed cell r; Rs originating not basad of M + Cu fork and so on. This new species differs from other species (except
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFDB24601220FE10CE636DCD" authorityName=", Rasnitsyn and Zhang" authorityYear="2010" box="[784,1090,487,511]" class="Insecta" family="Ephialtitidae" genus="Proapocritus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="837" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="densipediculus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFDB24601220FE10CE636DCD" box="[784,1090,487,511]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="837">Proapocritus densipediculus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) of the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFDB2460102CFDF0CB8B6E2D" authorityName="Rasnitsyn" authorityYear="1975" box="[284,426,520,543]" class="Insecta" family="Ephialtitidae" genus="Proapocritus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="837" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFDB2460102CFDF0CB8B6E2D" box="[284,426,520,543]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="837">Proapocritus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in the forewing with cu-a slightly postfurcal (versus other species of the genus with cu-a intersitial); differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFDB246013ECFDD0CE2C6E0D" authorityName=", Rasnitsyn and Zhang" authorityYear="2010" box="[732,1037,551,575]" class="Insecta" family="Ephialtitidae" genus="Proapocritus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="837" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="densipediculus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFDB246013ECFDD0CE2C6E0D" box="[732,1037,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="837">Proapocritus densipediculus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in forewing with 2r-m, 3r-m slightly bend and 2m-cu wavy curved and the first metasomal segment nearly trapezoid (versus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFDB2460137CFD90C95C6E4D" authorityName=", Rasnitsyn and Zhang" authorityYear="2010" box="[588,893,615,639]" class="Insecta" family="Ephialtitidae" genus="Proapocritus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="837" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="densipediculus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFDB2460137CFD90C95C6E4D" box="[588,893,615,639]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="837">Proapocritus densipediculus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
with 2r-m, 3r-m vertical while 2m-cu not preserved, and the first metasomal segment as wide as propodeal foramen, subcylindrical).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |