375 lines
41 KiB
XML
375 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="C23FDFF9B1073AF1F24BC2FA6CEB92EA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.180970" ID-GBIF-Dataset="73f29966-4134-4968-9300-e6436750c15f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="180970" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459822365582" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Feitosa, Rodrigo M., Hora, Riviane R., Delabie, Jacques H. C., Valenzuela, Jorge & Fresneau, Dominique" docDate="2008" docId="038DDC627665BD7FFF14C78FA85CAC9C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01713p052.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1713" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ectatomma parasiticum Feitosa & Fresneau, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="FFB4A41A7667BD7AFF83C76DAB0DAD3E" masterDocTitle="A new social parasite in the ant genus Ectatomma F. S m i t h (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ectatomminae)" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1698221946492" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="461F343825102605AF444404372F446A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="91E1019B89B7C263DCAFA5F3325A97F3">
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<mods:title id="A5BCA0B9049E383BA727501BC82C9D84">A new social parasite in the ant genus Ectatomma F. S m i t h (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ectatomminae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="AA2850A79BB5A22C2AAB31793554E82C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DC81CDD65AFE521263BC177125DC2109">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A41E56CF78EEB4A021B25C0433D04315">Feitosa, Rodrigo M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7C125B1149DCAAEE129B49ED2F1D8192" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="CB3109BF27247C54A1E4945135037A89">
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<mods:roleTerm id="778647223ABCEE0C44780B13BB8C6726">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0D9512CD9A964B80B7D18EE376444BE8">Hora, Riviane R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="ADA25D9DFAFEB47C9C540180BD34CC6D" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D8E52D5B1651E04D0877DB1FD11A6225">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D9B1141D8BB4873E27697A3BEF419B61">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0AFAF1B4C1C4AE11D337F728666F768D">Delabie, Jacques H. C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="B4C7ADB64D5921545FA74127C5B9E38A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="28D46DB5C3789CBC094BB8F50069454F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E399F50DB83A3380A895E76F9736CC6F">Valenzuela, Jorge</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="B28F329ED54D0B4BD87E1BA016082376" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="7C8B94C640C3743ECC807E7EFF593D58">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4F2F1275B0543C670C120C69EC916BC4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A3CA4E8212748BD76DD62938D94B60CD">Fresneau, Dominique</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9302D140B1CCB0B06A50E45A93C607BF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="C5CB4ADBFC37FC874CDA624CF6F34698">
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<mods:title id="188BDC6665D58BD83558709469F6B8C4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="21FE29029DBF1A72A89FA76FBAE2D136">
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<mods:date id="7446637A7D607A23C7F2D2760736269C">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="93D07EAA6C9E6E743EE8A956BCFDF965" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A01A5750DBCF91E8EE2690DA4EDE5C4C">1713</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="07CC8D3955F96EBD1C8CA8FD0085826C">47</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="4F8EB0AAA21203E90935F2565ED3103B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0A4BC9D36EFAC797FECB5EF5F3D055C7" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.180970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DAD4D1DEE04176B69AD7AACD2846A3B8" type="GBIF-Dataset">73f29966-4134-4968-9300-e6436750c15f</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="88818ACE052F9328778844620B06AFB6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="ED75223FB7AD66204396C8FE77993948" type="Zenodo-Dep">180970</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038DDC627665BD7FFF14C78FA85CAC9C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6234785" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119356044" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6234785" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038DDC627665BD7FFF14C78FA85CAC9C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038DDC627665BD7FFF14C78FA85CAC9C" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection id="C33E3EFF7665BD78FF14C78FAA2FAC21" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9B6D747665BD78FF14C78FA813ADC2" blockId="2.[151,798,226,287]" box="[151,798,226,252]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<heading id="D0D3DA187665BD78FF14C78FA813ADC2" bold="true" box="[151,798,226,252]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B950B1667665BD78FF14C78FA813ADC2" bold="true" box="[151,798,226,252]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77665BD78FF14C78FA9B9ADC2" authority="Feitosa & Fresneau" authorityName="Feitosa & Fresneau" box="[151,692,226,252]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B950B1667665BD78FF14C78FAABAADC2" bold="true" box="[151,439,226,252]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Ectatomma parasiticum</emphasis>
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Feitosa & Fresneau
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2630C1D7665BD78FD42C78FA813ADC2" box="[705,798,226,252]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B6D747665BD78FF14C668AA2FAC21" blockId="2.[151,798,226,287]" box="[151,290,261,287]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<figureCitation id="131F71F17665BD78FF14C668AA08AC21" box="[151,261,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[338,1254,197,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[337,1256,197,1750]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Paratype gyne of Ectatomma parasiticum: A, head in full face view; B, lateral view; C, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180971/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131F71F17665BD78FE90C668AA2FAC21" box="[275,290,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox="[377,1117,1199,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1248,1179,1960]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphometric scatterplot of head width by scape length, differentiating gynes of Ectatomma parasiticum and E. tuberculatum. Measurements are in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180972/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">2</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E3EFF7665BD78FF14C638AF6AAC81" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9B6D747665BD78FF14C638AE91AC51" blockId="2.[151,1437,341,1967]" box="[151,1436,341,367]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B950B1667665BD78FF14C638AAD3AC51" bold="true" box="[151,478,341,367]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<typeStatus id="549FD3D67665BD78FF14C638AA04AC51" box="[151,265,341,367]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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gyne.
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<collectingCountry id="F3332DE47665BD78FEDBC638AAD5AC51" box="[344,472,341,367]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Apazapan, Veracruz,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE100BB37665BD78FD5EC638A867AC51" box="[733,874,341,367]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" precision="15" value="19.327223">19º19’38”N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE100BB37665BD78FCF2C638AF09AC51" box="[881,1028,341,367]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" precision="15" value="-96.7225">96º43’21”W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="FF9A4BB47665BD78FB93C638AF66AC51" box="[1040,1131,341,367]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" value="1999-09">ix.1999</date>
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, D. Fresneau col. [
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<collectionCode id="ED35F5B17665BD78FAC0C638AE9DAC51" box="[1347,1424,341,367]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">INEC</collectionCode>
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].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B6D747665BD78FF45C610AF6AAC81" blockId="2.[151,1437,341,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B950B1667665BD78FF45C610AA46ACA9" bold="true" box="[198,331,381,407]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<typeStatus id="549FD3D67665BD78FF45C610AA4BACA9" box="[198,326,381,407]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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same data as
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<typeStatus id="549FD3D67665BD78FE7AC610A952ACA9" box="[505,607,381,407]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(1 gyne) [
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<collectionCode id="ED35F5B17665BD78FD62C610A83AACA9" box="[737,823,381,407]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/95yr-zg8p" name="Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">CPDC</collectionCode>
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]; (1 gyne) [
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<collectionCode id="ED35F5B17665BD78FC40C610AF10ACA9" box="[963,1053,381,407]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">UNCB</collectionCode>
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]; (1 gyne) [
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<collectionCode id="ED35F5B17665BD78FB29C610AFFAACA9" box="[1194,1271,381,407]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">INEC</collectionCode>
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];
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<date id="FF9A4BB47665BD78FA8EC610AE7DACA9" box="[1293,1392,381,407]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" value="2000-07">vii.2000</date>
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, D. Fresneau & R. Hora cols. (1 gyne) [
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<collectionCode id="ED35F5B17665BD78FDBBC6C8A99BAC81" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[568,662,421,447]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">LACM</collectionCode>
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]; (2 gynes) [
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<collectionCode id="ED35F5B17665BD78FCA6C6C8A876AC81" box="[805,891,421,447]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">MZSP</collectionCode>
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]; (1 gyne) [
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<collectionCode id="ED35F5B17665BD78FC7DC6C8AF51AC81" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1022,1116,421,447]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">USNM</collectionCode>
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].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E3EFF7665BD78FF45C6A0AE8FAA09" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9B6D747665BD78FF45C6A0AE98AF31" blockId="2.[151,1437,341,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B950B1667665BD78FF45C6A0AA4BACD9" bold="true" box="[198,326,461,487]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Size relatively small (WL approximately
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<quantity id="4CDCC0917665BD78FCC2C6A0A8BCACD9" box="[833,945,461,487]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.80 mm</quantity>
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); clypeus and frontal area without sculpture; antennal scapes longer than the maximum head width (SI> 108); petiole relatively thick in lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B6D747665BD78FF45C570A823AED1" blockId="2.[151,1437,341,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B950B1667665BD78FF45C570AAAAAF09" bold="true" box="[198,423,541,567]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Gyne description.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="549FD3D67665BD78FE30C570A92DAF09" box="[435,544,541,567]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<typeStatus id="549FD3D67665BD78FDB0C570A9A6AF09" box="[563,683,541,567]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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): HL 2.10 (2.06–2.16); HW 1.85 (1.73–1.88); SL 2.04 (1.92– 2.06); EL 0.51 (0.50–0.58); PW 1.69 (1.62–1.77); WL 3.88 (3.65–4.04); PTL 0.79 (0.78–0.88); PTW 0.92 (0.92–1.07); CI 88.07 (84.11–88.89); SI 110.42 (108.57–113.04); OI 27.50 (27.50–31.25); PTI 85 (82.14– 85.71). Color yellowish brown to dark reddish brown, including appendages. Mandibles finely and densely striate, with sparse piligerous punctures; clypeus, genae, and frontal area predominantly smooth, but opaque; dorsal surface of head densely and coarsely reticulated, except for the areas of antennal articulations, which are finely punctate; ventral surface of head with sparse longitudinal striae; antennal scapes finely and longitudinally striate. Mesosoma with variously oriented costulae, from sparse and transverse on dorsum of pronotum and propodeum to dense and subconcentric on the dorsum of scutum and scutellum; forecoxae with dense, fine, regular transverse striation; legs mostly smooth and shining. Lateral and posterior faces of petiolar node with sparse, short, longitudinal costulae; sculpture of gaster consisting of arched, transverse costulae, becoming gradually finer from first to terminal segment.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B6D747665BD78FF45C490AFB3A901" blockId="2.[151,1437,341,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Pilosity cream-colored. Body covered by relatively sparse, long, suberect hairs; antennal scapes and legs with short, suberect hairs; antennal funiculi and tarsi covered by fine apressed pubescence.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B6D747665BD78FF45C320AA8DA839" blockId="2.[151,1437,341,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Head subrectangular, with weakly convex lateral borders and vertexal margin straight; masticatory margins of mandibles multidenticulate and with a large apical tooth; clypeus strongly convex anteriorly; frontal lobes reduced; scapes in repose fairly surpassing the posterolateral margins of vertex; funicular segments gradually thickened distally; compound eyes placed near the posterolateral portions of head; ocelli present and reduced in size.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B6D747665BD78FF45C278AA41ABD9" blockId="2.[151,1437,341,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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Pronotum with a distinct median eminence directed forward and a conspicuous pair of dorsolateral (humeral) projections; scutum large and rounded; notauli almost indistinct among sculpturation; parapsidial lines feebly visible and subparallel; scutoscutellar sulcus deeply impressed; scutellum relatively narrow and strongly convex, in lateral view; dorsal face of propodeum meeting the declivous face in a pair of reduced, blunt teeth; propodeal spiracle elliptical. Wing venation fully developed. Forewing with a weakly colored stigma; longitudinal veins Sc+R, SR, M, Cu, and A present; SR extending distally beyond stigma, forming 1R and 2R cells; cross vein 1r vestigial, not forming the 2R cell; M and Cu also extend distally as tubular veins for most of their length; A not extending beyond the junction with Cu; C, R, Cu, 1M, 1Cu, and SR cells closed.
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<collectingCountry id="F3332DE47665BD78FF72C138AA21AB51" box="[241,300,1621,1647]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Hind</collectingCountry>
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wing with Sc+R extending beyond point where they connect to M, which continues as a tubular vein as much as Sc+R and then extends as spectral vein to wing distal border; basally M+Cu extending as a tubular vein beyond junction with Anal vein, which continues shortly beyond this point; seven submedian hamuli present.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B6D747665BD78FF45C198AE8FAA09" blockId="2.[151,1437,341,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Petiole ventrally carinate; in lateral view, petiolar node thick and subtriangular; anterior slope nearly concave and posterior slope slightly convex. Sternite of first gastral segment with a distinct anterior projection.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E3EFF7665BD78FF45C028AA9DAAB9" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9B6D747665BD78FF45C028A9FEAA61" blockId="2.[151,1437,341,1967]" box="[198,755,1861,1887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B950B1667665BD78FF45C028AA20AA61" bold="true" box="[198,301,1861,1887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Worker.</emphasis>
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Unknown (but see comments bellow).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B6D747665BD78FF45C000AA9DAAB9" blockId="2.[151,1437,341,1967]" box="[198,400,1901,1927]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B950B1667665BD78FF45C000AA00AAB9" bold="true" box="[198,269,1901,1927]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Male.</emphasis>
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Unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E3EFF7665BD78FF45C0F8AF93AA91" box="[198,1182,1941,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B9B6D747665BD78FF45C0F8AF93AA91" blockId="2.[151,1437,341,1967]" box="[198,1182,1941,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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||
<emphasis id="B950B1667665BD78FF45C0F8AA5EAA91" bold="true" box="[198,339,1941,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific epithet is a reference to the parasitic nature of this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF5B3DFC7664BD79FF14C180AE45AA3A" box="[151,1352,1773,1797]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180971/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" targetBox="[338,1254,197,1748]" targetPageId="3">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9B6D747664BD79FF14C180AE45AA3A" blockId="3.[151,1352,1773,1797]" box="[151,1352,1773,1797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="B950B1667664BD79FF14C180AA14AA3B" bold="true" box="[151,281,1773,1797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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Paratype gyne of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77664BD79FE58C180A9D7AA3A" box="[475,730,1773,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667664BD79FE58C180A9D7AA3A" box="[475,730,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Ectatomma parasiticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: A, head in full face view; B, lateral view; C, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E3EFF7664BD7FFF45C055A85CAC9C" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6D747664BD7EFF45C055AAA0AC3C" blockId="3.[151,1437,1848,2034]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,152,1138]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667664BD79FF45C055AA59AA6C" bold="true" box="[198,340,1848,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Gynes of the socially parasitic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77664BD79FD4EC055A8EAAA6F" box="[717,999,1848,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667664BD79FD4EC055A8EAAA6F" box="[717,999,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Ectatomma parasiticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from the gynes of its host species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77664BD79FEF0C00DA923AA47" box="[371,558,1888,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667664BD79FEF0C00DA923AA47" box="[371,558,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by the following features: sparser sculpture on the body; smaller size (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F71F17664BD79FAEEC00DABA5AA9C" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox="[377,1117,1199,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1248,1179,1960]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphometric scatterplot of head width by scape length, differentiating gynes of Ectatomma parasiticum and E. tuberculatum. Measurements are in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180972/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), with WL approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CDCC0917664BD79FE5EC0E5A948AA9C" box="[477,581,1928,1954]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.80 mm</quantity>
|
||
(around
|
||
<quantity id="4CDCC0917664BD79FD2DC0E5A81BAA9C" box="[686,790,1928,1954]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="5.4">5.40 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77664BD79FCB9C0E5A8FBAA9F" box="[826,1014,1928,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667664BD79FCB9C0E5A8FBAA9F" box="[826,1014,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); clypeus and frontal area devoid of any sculpture (usually longitudinally striate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77664BD79FD4AC0DDA88AAAF7" box="[713,903,1968,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667664BD79FD4AC0DDA88AAAF7" box="[713,903,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); antennal scapes longer than the maximum head width, with SI> 108 (<
|
||
<quantity id="4CDCC0917664BD79FE7EC0B5A936AACC" box="[509,571,2008,2034]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5146" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="in" value="99.0">99 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77664BD79FDC7C0B5A80FAACF" box="[580,770,2008,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667664BD79FDC7C0B5A80FAACF" box="[580,770,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">E. tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); propodeal spines reduced to minute teeth; and petiole thicker in lateral view (flattened anteroposteriorly in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77663BD7EFC88C7F5A8C5AD8F" box="[779,968,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFC88C7F5A8C5AD8F" box="[779,968,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">E. tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The reduced size and widener petiole of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77663BD7EFF3AC7ADAA65ADE7" box="[185,360,192,217]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFF3AC7ADAA65ADE7" box="[185,360,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">E. parasiticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also characteristic of the inquiline syndrome in other ant species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB510857663BD7EFB34C7ADAE59ADE4" author="Wilson" box="[1207,1364,192,218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1984) Tropical social parasites in the ant genus Pheidole, with an analysis of the anatomical parasitic syndrome. Insectes Sociaux, 31, 316 - 334." type="journal article" year="1984">Wilson 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB510857663BD7EFAE0C7ADAAACAC3C" author="Radchenko" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" refString="Radchenko A. G. & Elmes G. W. (2003) A taxonomic revision of the socially parasitic Myrmica ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Palaearctic Region, Annales Zoologici, 53, 217 - 243." type="journal article" year="2003">Radchenko & Elmes 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6D747663BD7EFF45C67DAF2EAF7C" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1138]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Males produced by parasitized colonies were of a uniform morphology and indistinguishable from males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77663BD7EFF38C655AA77AC6F" box="[187,378,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFF38C655AA77AC6F" box="[187,378,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">E. tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus it remains unknown if males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77663BD7EFCE2C655AF1FAC6F" box="[865,1042,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFCE2C655AF1FAC6F" box="[865,1042,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">E. parasiticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are lacking, present but not yet observed, or observed but indistinguishable from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77663BD7EFD5FC60DA89AAC47" box="[732,919,352,377]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFD5FC60DA89AAC47" box="[732,919,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">E. tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB510857663BD7EFBC4C60DAE11AC44" box="[1095,1308,352,378]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" refString="Hora, R. R., Doums, C., Poteaux, C., Feneron, R., Valenzuela, J., Heinze, J. & Fresneau, D. (2005) Small queens in the ant Ectatomma tuberculatum: a new case of social parasitism. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 59, 285 - 292." type="journal article">
|
||
Hora
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFB0AC60DAFCEAC47" box="[1161,1219,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, one of the 10 colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77663BD7EFECFC6E5AAF7AC9F" box="[332,506,392,417]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFECFC6E5AAF7AC9F" box="[332,506,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">E. parasiticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reared in laboratory produced four small "workers." However, these workers presented a developed spermatheca and six to 10 ovarioles, in contrast to typical workers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77663BD7EFB5CC6DDAE96ACF7" box="[1247,1435,432,457]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFB5CC6DDAE96ACF7" box="[1247,1435,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">E. tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which lack the spermatheca and possess only one to four ovarioles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB510857663BD7EFC2DC6B5AFCCACCC" author="Feneron" box="[942,1217,472,498]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" refString="Feneron, R. & Billen, J. (1996) Ovarian cycle in Ectatomma tuberculatum workers (Formicidae, Ponerinae). Journal of Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 29, 79 - 85." type="journal article" year="1996">Fénerón & Billen 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB510857663BD7EFB4EC6B5AE82ACCC" author="Hora" box="[1229,1423,472,498]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" refString="Hora, R. R., Feneron, R., Valenzuela, J., Favila, M. E. & Fresneau, D. (2001) Queen-size dimorphism in the ant Ectatomma tuberculatum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Sociobiology, 38, 407 - 420." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Hora
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFA8CC6B5AE44ACCF" box="[1295,1353,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The presence of developed reproductive structures in these specimens suggests that they are possibly intermediate (intercaste?) reproductive forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77663BD7EFDF5C545A82FAF7F" box="[630,802,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFDF5C545A82FAF7F" box="[630,802,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">E. parasiticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and not true workers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6D747663BD7EFF45C53DA98CAFDC" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1138]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Up to now, the occurrence of this species is restricted to Apazapan, state of Veracruz,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3332DE47663BD7EFB42C53DAE13AF54" box="[1217,1310,592,618]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
. However, its host,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77663BD7EFE83C515AACDAFAF" box="[256,448,632,657]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFE83C515AACDAFAF" box="[256,448,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">E. tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is widely distributed in the Neotropics, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3332DE47663BD7EFC79C515AF5EAFAC" box="[1018,1107,632,658]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
to northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3332DE47663BD7EFB6CC515AE6AAFAC" box="[1263,1383,632,658]" name="Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
. We expect that the excavation and detailed examination of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77663BD7EFCA9C5CDA8EAAF87" box="[810,999,672,697]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFCA9C5CDA8EAAF87" box="[810,999,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">E. tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colonies in different localities could reveal new populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77663BD7EFE4EC5A5A977AFDF" box="[461,634,712,737]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFE4EC5A5A977AFDF" box="[461,634,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">E. parasiticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6D747663BD7EFF45C59DA9B4A94C" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1138]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
A detailed behavioral and genetic study on the interaction between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77663BD7EFC71C59DAFA2AE37" box="[1010,1199,752,777]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFC71C59DAFA2AE37" box="[1010,1199,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">E. tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77663BD7EFB6EC59DAE91AE37" box="[1261,1436,752,777]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFB6EC59DAE91AE37" box="[1261,1436,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">E. parasiticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(so far undescribed and treated as “microgynes”) was conducted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB510857663BD7EFC34C475AF83AE0C" box="[951,1166,792,818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" refString="Hora, R. R., Doums, C., Poteaux, C., Feneron, R., Valenzuela, J., Heinze, J. & Fresneau, D. (2005) Small queens in the ant Ectatomma tuberculatum: a new case of social parasitism. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 59, 285 - 292." type="journal article">
|
||
Hora
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFC7AC475AF38AE0F" box="[1017,1077,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Gynes and workers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77663BD7EFF14C42DAA5EAE67" box="[151,339,832,857]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFF14C42DAA5EAE67" box="[151,339,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">E. tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and gynes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77663BD7EFE79C42DA9AAAE67" box="[506,679,832,857]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFE79C42DA9AAAE67" box="[506,679,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">E. parasiticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were sequenced for the cyt
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFC70C42DAF0FAE67" box="[1011,1026,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">b</emphasis>
|
||
region and the results showed two haplotypes. The haplotypes differed in seven variable sites, with a nucleotide sequence difference of 0.93%. They clearly discriminate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77663BD7EFE49C4FDA97AAE97" box="[458,631,912,937]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFE49C4FDA97AAE97" box="[458,631,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">E. parasiticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the group composed of workers and gynes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77663BD7EFB5AC4FDAE99AE97" box="[1241,1428,912,937]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFB5AC4FDAE99AE97" box="[1241,1428,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">E. tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to the findings of Hora
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFDB0C4D5A962AEEF" box="[563,623,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFD03C4D5A9DFAEEF" box="[640,722,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">op. cit.</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77663BD7EFD6FC4D5A894AEEF" box="[748,921,952,977]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFD6FC4D5A894AEEF" box="[748,921,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">E. parasiticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a genetically distinct social parasite producing of almost exclusively sexual offspring. The co-occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77663BD7EFC52C48DAF8DAEC7" box="[977,1152,992,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFC52C48DAF8DAEC7" box="[977,1152,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">E. parasiticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77663BD7EFB3EC48DAE76AEC7" box="[1213,1403,992,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFB3EC48DAE76AEC7" box="[1213,1403,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">E. tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the field (nine mixed colonies found) suggests that the parasite usurps established colonies of the host, but does not kill the resident gynes. Agonistic interactions were also observed, exclusively from workers and gynes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77663BD7EFE81C335AAB3A94F" box="[258,446,1112,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFE81C335AAB3A94F" box="[258,446,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">E. tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
against the parasites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5B3DFC7663BD7EFF14C0C2A99FAAD2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180972/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[377,1117,1199,1935]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6D747663BD7EFF14C0C2A99FAAD2" blockId="4.[151,1435,1967,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFF14C0C2AA16AAF9" bold="true" box="[151,283,1967,1991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric scatterplot of head width by scape length, differentiating gynes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77663BD7EFB18C0DDAE96AAF9" box="[1179,1435,1968,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFB18C0DDAE96AAF9" box="[1179,1435,1968,1991]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Ectatomma parasiticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77663BD7EFF47C0B8AA62AAD2" box="[196,367,2005,2028]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667663BD7EFF47C0B8AA62AAD2" box="[196,367,2005,2028]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">E. tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Measurements are in mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6D747662BD7FFF45C7F5AE91AC6C" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Microgynes are also found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77662BD7FFDA4C7F5A804AD8F" box="[551,777,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667662BD7FFDA4C7F5A804AD8F" box="[551,777,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Ectatomma ruidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, this is a truly gyne-polymorphic species, and the offspring of both microgynes and normal gynes consist of workers, males, and both microgynes and normal gynes. It was therefore suggested that the two gyne morphs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77662BD7FFC26C785AF17AC3F" box="[933,1050,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667662BD7FFC26C785AF17AC3F" box="[933,1050,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">E. ruidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represent alternative phenotypes adapted to different ways of dispersal and colony founding.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2416F77662BD7FFCD2C67DAF3FAC17" box="[849,1074,272,297]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667662BD7FFCD2C67DAF3FAC17" box="[849,1074,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Ectatomma ruidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
microgynes are thought to disperse and to found new colonies solitarily, while the macrogynes are a stationary morph (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB510857662BD7FFB21C655AE82AC6C" author="Lachaud" box="[1186,1423,312,338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" refString="Lachaud, J. - P., Cadena, A., Schatz, B., Perez-Lachaud, G. & Ibarra-Nunez, G. (1999) Queen dimorphism and reproductive capacity in the ponerine ant, Ectatomma ruidum Roger. Oecologia, 120, 515 - 523." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Lachaud
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667662BD7FFA93C655AE47AC6F" box="[1296,1354,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6D747662BD7FFF45C60DA85CAC9C" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
The study of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB510857662BD7FFEE9C60DA94EAC44" box="[362,579,352,378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" refString="Hora, R. R., Doums, C., Poteaux, C., Feneron, R., Valenzuela, J., Heinze, J. & Fresneau, D. (2005) Small queens in the ant Ectatomma tuberculatum: a new case of social parasitism. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 59, 285 - 292." type="journal article">
|
||
Hora
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B1667662BD7FFE2DC60DAAE1AC47" box="[430,492,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the present paper raise the possibility of the occurrence of similar undescribed social parasites within other basal ant lineages.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |