1076 lines
138 KiB
XML
1076 lines
138 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7BBFF1DA780661CB7AF76A7148007053">A new integrated morpho- and molecular systematic classification of Cenozoic radiolarians (Class Polycystinea) - suprageneric taxonomy and logical nomenclatorial acts</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="985D0AFCAE79FB014369F7292F814B6D">Suzuki, Noritoshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9BB8911DF0C50C8816A526442A1F3394">Caulet, Jean-Pierre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A21C51A82ED37C268A0B17B57D5F7752">Dumitrica, Paulian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2CF0F4174E89AF6F4BB5ED827331646D">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038DDA73FF85FE2606BBF909FA564D7D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183733863" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038DDA73FF85FE2606BBF909FA564D7D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038DDA73FF85FE2606BBF909FA564D7D" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="422" pageId="17" pageNumber="420">
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<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF85FE2406BBF909FAB7499E" box="[910,1358,1752,1779]" pageId="17" pageNumber="420" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF85FE2406BBF909FAB7499E" blockId="17.[910,1358,1752,1779]" box="[910,1358,1752,1779]" pageId="17" pageNumber="420">
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<heading id="D0D3DC09FF85FE2406BBF909FAB7499E" box="[910,1358,1752,1779]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="420" reason="3">
|
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Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF85FE2406EBF908FAB7499E" authority="Ehrenberg, 1846" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[990,1358,1752,1779]" family="Lithocycliidae" pageId="17" pageNumber="420" rank="family">
|
||
LITHOCYCLIIDAE
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF85FE2401ADF909FAB7499E" author="EHRENBERG C. G." box="[1176,1358,1752,1778]" pageId="17" pageNumber="420" pagination="382 - 385" refId="ref176119" refString="EHRENBERG C. G. 1846. - Uber eine halibiolithische, von Herrn R. Schomburgk entdeckte, vorherrschend aus mikroskopischen Polycystinen gebildete, Gebirgsmasse von Barbados. Bericht uber die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin: 382 - 385. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 11056086" type="book chapter" year="1846">Ehrenberg, 1846</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF85FE270618F8C9FCFD4BAE" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="421" pageId="17" pageNumber="420" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF85FE240618F8C9FA494826" blockId="17.[813,1456,1816,1867]" pageId="17" pageNumber="420">
|
||
Lithocyclidina
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF85FE2406F5F8C9FB61485C" author="EHRENBERG C. G." box="[960,1176,1816,1840]" pageId="17" pageNumber="420" pagination="382 - 385" refId="ref176119" refString="EHRENBERG C. G. 1846. - Uber eine halibiolithische, von Herrn R. Schomburgk entdeckte, vorherrschend aus mikroskopischen Polycystinen gebildete, Gebirgsmasse von Barbados. Bericht uber die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin: 382 - 385. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 11056086" type="book chapter" year="1846">Ehrenberg, 1846: 385</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[as a family]; 1847: 54 [as a family]; 1876: 156. — Schomburgk 1847: 124, 126 [as a family].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF85FE240618F8B8FB194887" blockId="17.[812,1455,1897,2027]" pageId="17" pageNumber="420">
|
||
Coccodiscida
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF85FE240681F8B8FB8C48ED" author="HAECKEL E." box="[948,1141,1897,1921]" pageId="17" pageNumber="420" refId="ref179095" refString="HAECKEL E. 1862. - Die Radiolarien (Rhizopoda Radiaria). Eine Monographie. Reimer, Berlin, 572 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10155" type="book" year="1862">Haeckel, 1862: 240</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 485 [as a tribe]; 1882: 458 [as a subfamily]; 1887: 409, 455-458 [as a family]. — Zittel 1876-1880: 124 [rank unknown]. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF85FE240100F84FFB1348DA" author="MIVART S. G." box="[1077,1258,1950,1974]" pageId="17" pageNumber="420" pagination="136 - 186" refId="ref186892" refString="MIVART S. G. 1878. - Notes touching recent researches on the Radiolaria. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology 14: 136 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1878. tb 02351. x" type="journal article" year="1878">Mivart 1878: 176</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[as subsection]. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF85FE24061BF869FC0448BC" author="BUTSCHLI O." box="[814,1021,1976,2000]" pageId="17" pageNumber="420" pagination="1946 - 2004" refId="ref170184" refString="BUTSCHLI O. 1889. - Kurze Ubersicht des Systems der Radiolaria, in BRONN H. G. & HOFFMANN C. K. (eds), Dr. H. G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs. Infusoria und System der Radiolaria, Band 1, Protozoa. Vol. 3. C. F. Winter'sche Verlagshandlung, Leipzig und Heidelberg: 1946 - 2004. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14134" type="book chapter" year="1889">Bütschli 1889: 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[as a family]. —
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF85FE240180F868FB2D48BC" box="[1205,1236,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="420">nec</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF85FE2401EFF868FA8048BC" author="RUST D." box="[1242,1401,1976,2000]" pageId="17" pageNumber="420" pagination="107 - 179" refId="ref194567" refString="RUST D. 1892. - Beitrage zur Kenntnis der fossilen Radiolarien aus Gesteinen der Trias und der palaeozoischen Schichten. Palaeontographica 38: 107 - 179. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 33193870" type="journal article" year="1892">Rüst 1892: 166</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[as a family]. — Anderson 1983: 24 [as a family].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF86FE2705B1FF06FEFD4E65" blockId="18.[132,775,215,265]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
Lithocyclida –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270422FF06FE2B4F83" author="HAECKEL E." box="[279,466,215,239]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel 1882: 458</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[as a tribe]; 1887: 458, 459 [as a subfamily].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF86FE2705B1FEF2FDBA4E57" blockId="18.[132,579,291,315]" box="[132,579,291,315]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
Staurocyclida
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270438FEF2FE374E57" author="HAECKEL E." box="[269,462,291,315]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel, 1882: 458</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[as a tribe].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF86FE2705B1FE84FDAA4EE4" blockId="18.[132,775,341,392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
Trochodiscida
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270421FE84FE2E4E02" author="HAECKEL E." box="[276,471,341,366]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" refId="ref179311" refString="HAECKEL E. 1887. - Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 18: clxxxviii + 1803. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 23487916" type="url" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887: 411</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 412 [
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270722FE87FD5F4E01" box="[535,678,341,365]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
, as a subfamily]. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE2705C3FEA1FE554EE4" author="SCHRODER O." box="[246,428,368,392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref196432" refString="SCHRODER O. 1909. - Die nordischen Spumellarian: Unterlegion Sphaerellaria, in BRANDT K. & APSTEIN C. (eds), Nordisches Plankton. Vol. 17. Lipsius und Tischer, Kiel and Leipzig, Germany: 1 - 66." type="book chapter" year="1909">Schröder 1909: 39</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[as a subfamily].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF86FE2705B1FE73FE7A4EB8" blockId="18.[132,773,418,468]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
Heliosestrida
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270433FE73FE3A4ED6" author="HAECKEL E." box="[262,451,418,442]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" refId="ref179311" refString="HAECKEL E. 1887. - Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 18: clxxxviii + 1803. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 23487916" type="url" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887: 421</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 427 [as a subfamily]. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE27079AFE73FF244EB8" author="SCHRODER O." pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref196432" refString="SCHRODER O. 1909. - Die nordischen Spumellarian: Unterlegion Sphaerellaria, in BRANDT K. & APSTEIN C. (eds), Nordisches Plankton. Vol. 17. Lipsius und Tischer, Kiel and Leipzig, Germany: 1 - 66." type="book chapter" year="1909">Schröder 1909: 41</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[as a subfamily].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF86FE2705B1FE3FFE1B4C45" blockId="18.[132,777,494,809]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB344C4BFF86FE2705B1FE3FFE1B4C45" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2705B1FE3FFEE94D6A" ID-CoL="624CR" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1862" box="[132,272,494,518]" class="Polycystina" family="Coccodiscidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="family">Coccodiscidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE270419FE3FFE2F4D6A" author="POCHE F." box="[300,470,494,518]" page="209" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="1913">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270419FE3FFE2F4D6A" author="POCHE F." box="[300,470,494,518]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="125 - 321" refId="ref192457" refString="POCHE F. 1913. - Das System der Protozoa. Archiv fur Protistenkunde 30: 125 - 321." type="journal article" year="1913">Poche 1913: 209</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE270734FE3FFF594D4D" author="CAMPBELL A. S. & CLARK B. L." page="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="1944">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270734FE3FFF594D4D" author="CAMPBELL A. S. & CLARK B. L." pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref170908" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. & CLARK B. L. 1944 b. - Miocene radiolarian faunas from southern California. Geological Society of America, special Papers 51: 1 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / SPE 51" type="journal article" year="1944">Campbell & Clark 1944b: 14</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE2705FBFDD8FE934D4D" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[206,362,521,545]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D82. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE2704E2FDD8FD624D4D" author="CHEDIYA D. M." box="[471,667,521,545]" page="128" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="1959">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE2704E2FDD8FD624D4D" author="CHEDIYA D. M." box="[471,667,521,545]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" refId="ref172052" refString="CHEDIYA D. M. 1959. - Obzor Sistematiki Radiolyarii, Tadzhikskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet, Stalingrad, 330 and corrigenda p. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1959">Chediya 1959: 128</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE2707FFFDD8FF004D57" author="RIEDEL W. R." page="294" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="1967">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE2707FFFDD8FF004D57" author="RIEDEL W. R." pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="148 - 149" refId="ref193711" refString="RIEDEL W. R. 1967 b. - Some new families of Radiolaria. Proceedings of the geological Society of London 1640: 148 - 149." type="journal article" year="1967">Riedel 1967b: 294</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; 1971: 653-654. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE2704F1FDF2FCFA4D57" author="RIEDEL W. R. & SANFILIPPO A." box="[452,771,547,571]" page="1588" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="1971">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE2704F1FDF2FCFA4D57" author="RIEDEL W. R. & SANFILIPPO A." box="[452,771,547,571]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="1529 - 1672" refId="ref193911" refString="RIEDEL W. R. & SANFILIPPO A. 1971. - Cenozoic Radiolaria from the western tropical Pacific, Leg 7, in WINTERER E. L., RIEDEL W. R. et al. (eds), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 7. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.: 1529 - 1672. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 7.132.1971" type="book chapter" year="1971">Riedel & Sanfilippo 1971: 1588</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE2705B0FDEFFF174D3A" author="RIEDEL W. R. & SANFILIPPO A." box="[133,238,574,598]" page="865" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="1977">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE2705B0FDEFFF174D3A" author="RIEDEL W. R. & SANFILIPPO A." box="[133,238,574,598]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="847 - 912" refId="ref194090" refString="RIEDEL W. R. & SANFILIPPO A. 1977. - Cainozoic Radiolaria, in RAMSAY A. T. S. (ed.), Oceanic Micropalaeontology. Vol. 2. Academic Press, London / New York / San Francisco: 847 - 912." type="book chapter" year="1977">1977: 865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE270429FDEFFDD24D3A" author="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H." box="[284,555,574,598]" page="45" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="1972">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270429FDEFFDD24D3A" author="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H." box="[284,555,574,598]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref183218" refString="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H. 1972. - Beitrage zur Erforschung der mesozoischen Radiolarien. Teil I: Revision der Oberfamilie Coccodiscacea HAECKEL 1862 emend. und Beschreibung ihrer triassischen Vertreter. Geologisch Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 2: 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1972">Kozur & Mostler 1972: 45</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE27076FFDEFFEC64D1C" author="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G. & KOZLOVA G. E." page="522" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="1972">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE27076FFDEFFEC64D1C" author="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G. & KOZLOVA G. E." pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="495 - 648" refId="ref192143" refString="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G. & KOZLOVA G. E. 1972. - Radiolaria: Leg 14, Deep Sea Drilling Project, in HAYES D. E., PIMM A. C. et al. (eds), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 14. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.: 495 - 648. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 14.116.1972" type="book chapter" year="1972">Petrushevskaya & Kozlova 1972: 522</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE270452FD89FD9F4D1C" author="NAKASEKO K. & YAO A. & ICHIKAWA K." box="[359,614,600,624]" page="169" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="1975">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270452FD89FD9F4D1C" author="NAKASEKO K. & YAO A. & ICHIKAWA K." box="[359,614,600,624]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="154 - 185" refId="ref188306" refString="NAKASEKO K., YAO A. & ICHIKAWA K. 1975. - Chapter 10. Protozoa. 4. Radiolaria, in TAKAYANAGI Y. & OMORI M. (eds), Particulars of Paleontology. Volume 2. Invertebrate Fossils 1. Vol. 2. Tsukiji Shokan, Tokyo: 154 - 185. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="1975">
|
||
Nakaseko
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2704FEFD88FE034D1C" box="[459,506,600,624]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1975: 169
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE2707B8FD89FEC24DE6" author="NAKASEKO K. & SUGANO K." page="125" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="1976">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE2707B8FD89FEC24DE6" author="NAKASEKO K. & SUGANO K." pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="67 - 137" refId="ref188264" refString="NAKASEKO K. & SUGANO K. 1976. - 7. Radiolaria, in ASANO K. (ed.), Micropaleontology. Vol. 1. Asakura Shoten, Tokyo: 67 - 137. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="1976">Nakaseko & Sugano 1976: 125</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE270451FDA2FDB54DE7" author="DUMITRICA P." box="[356,588,627,651]" page="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="1979">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270451FDA2FDB54DE7" author="DUMITRICA P." box="[356,588,627,651]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="9 - 35" refId="ref174122" refString="DUMITRICA P. 1979. - Clasa Actinopoda, in NEAGU T. (ed.), Micropaleontologie. Protozoare. Editura Technica, Bucharest, Romania: 9 - 35." type="book chapter" year="1979">Dumitrica 1979: 21-22</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE270763FDA2FD4B4DE7" author="DUMITRICA P." box="[598,690,627,651]" page="96" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="1984">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270763FDA2FD4B4DE7" author="DUMITRICA P." box="[598,690,627,651]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="91 - 102" refId="ref174277" refString="DUMITRICA P. 1984. - Systematics of Sphaerellarian radiolarian, in PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G. & STEPANJANTS S. D. (eds), Morphology, ecology and evolution of radiolarians. Material from the IV symposium of European radiolarists EURORAD IV. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, USSR: 91 - 102. [in Russian]" type="proceedings paper" year="1984">1984: 96</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE2707EEFDA2FE5B4DC9" author="SANFILIPPO A. & RIEDEL W. R." page="1009" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="1980">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE2707EEFDA2FE5B4DC9" author="SANFILIPPO A. & RIEDEL W. R." pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="1008 - 1011" refId="ref195557" refString="SANFILIPPO A. & RIEDEL W. R. 1980. - A revised generic and suprageneric classification of the Artiscins (Radiolaria). Journal of Paleontology 54 (5): 1008 - 1011. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 1304365" type="journal article" year="1980">Sanfilippo & Riedel 1980: 1009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270484FD5FFDCF4DC9" authority="emend." box="[433,566,653,677]" class="Polycystina" family="Theoperidae" genus="Calocyclas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="411" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="sensu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270484FD5FFE194DC9" box="[433,480,654,677]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
emend.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). — Anderson 1983: 38-39. — Sanfilippo
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270462FD79FE7F4DD3" box="[343,390,679,703]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1985: 653. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE27072AFD76FD1A4DAC" author="BLUEFORD J. R." box="[543,739,679,704]" page="248" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="1988">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE27072AFD76FD1A4DAC" author="BLUEFORD J. R." box="[543,739,679,704]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="236 - 258" refId="ref169045" refString="BLUEFORD J. R. 1988. - Radiolarian biostratigraphy of siliceous Eocene deposits in central California. Micropaleontology 34 (3): 236 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1485754" type="journal article" year="1988">Blueford 1988: 248</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE2705B0FD13FEB34DB6" author="TAKAHASHI K." box="[133,330,706,730]" page="79" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="1991">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE2705B0FD13FEB34DB6" author="TAKAHASHI K." box="[133,330,706,730]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="1 - 303" refId="ref199260" refString="TAKAHASHI K. 1991. - Radiolaria: Flux, Ecology, and Taxonomy in the Pacific and Atlantic, in HONJO S. (ed.), Ocean Biocoenosis Series. Vol. 3. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts: 1 - 303. https: // doi. org / 10.1575 / 1912 / 408" type="book chapter" year="1991">Takahashi 1991: 79</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE270442FD13FD964DB6" author="VAN DE PAVERD P. J." box="[375,623,706,730]" page="137" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="1995">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270442FD13FD964DB6" author="VAN DE PAVERD P. J." box="[375,623,706,730]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" refId="ref200909" refString="VAN DE PAVERD P. J. 1995. - Recent Polycystine Radiolaria from the Snellius-II Expedition [PhD Thesis]: Free University, 351 p." type="book" year="1995">van de Paverd 1995: 137</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE2707A9FD13FF274D99" author="BOLTOVSKOY D." page="31" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="1998">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE2707A9FD13FF274D99" author="BOLTOVSKOY D." pageId="18" pageNumber="421" refId="ref169299" refString="BOLTOVSKOY D. 1998. - Classification and distribution of south Atlantic recent polycystine Radiolaria. Palaeontologia Electronica 1 (2.6 A): https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 98006" type="journal volume" year="1998">Boltovskoy 1998: 31</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE270430FD0DFDE94D99" author="ANDERSON O. R. & NIGRINI C. & BOLTOVSKOY D. & TAKAHASHI K. & SWANBERG N. R." box="[261,528,732,757]" page="1002" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="2002">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270430FD0DFDE94D99" author="ANDERSON O. R. & NIGRINI C. & BOLTOVSKOY D. & TAKAHASHI K. & SWANBERG N. R." box="[261,528,732,757]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="994 - 1022" refId="ref167580" refString="ANDERSON O. R., NIGRINI C., BOLTOVSKOY D., TAKAHASHI K. & SWANBERG N. R. 2002. - Class Polycystinea, in LEE J. J., LEEDALE G. F. & BRADBURY P. (eds), The Second Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists, Lawrence, Kansas: 994 - 1022." type="book chapter" year="2002">
|
||
Anderson
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27045CFD0CFE6E4D98" box="[361,407,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002: 1002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE270700FD0CFF544C63" author="DE WEVER P. & DUMITRICA P. & CAULET J. P. & NIGRINI C. & CARIDROIT M." page="121" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="2001">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270700FD0CFF544C63" author="DE WEVER P. & DUMITRICA P. & CAULET J. P. & NIGRINI C. & CARIDROIT M." pageId="18" pageNumber="421" refId="ref173394" refString="DE WEVER P., DUMITRICA P., CAULET J. P., NIGRINI C. & CARIDROIT M. 2001. - Radiolarians in the sedimentary record, Amsterdam, 533 p. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781482283181" type="book" year="2001">
|
||
De Wever
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2707AFFD0CFD314D98" box="[666,712,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001: 121
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE2705E6FD26FE584C63" author="AFANASIEVA M. S. & AMON E. O. & AGARKOV Y. V. & BOLTOVSKOY D. S." box="[211,417,759,783]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="135 - 392" refId="ref165638" refString="AFANASIEVA M. S., AMON E. O., AGARKOV Y. V. & BOLTOVSKOY D. S. 2005. - Radiolarians in the geological record. Paleontological Journal 39 (3, Suppl. S.): 135 - 392." type="book chapter" year="2005">
|
||
Afanasieva
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27040BFD29FE924C63" box="[318,363,759,783]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: S288. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE270733FD26FF544C45" author="AFANASIEVA M. S. & AMON E. O." page="131" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="2006">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270733FD26FF544C45" author="AFANASIEVA M. S. & AMON E. O." pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="467" refId="ref165589" refString="AFANASIEVA M. S. & AMON E. O. 2006. - Biotic crises and stages of radiolarian evolution in the Phanerozoic. Paleontological Journal 40 (4): S 453 - S 467. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030106100054" type="journal article" year="2006">Afanasieva & Amon 2006: 131</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE2705E2FCC0FE274C45" author="CHEN M. & ZHANG Q. & ZHANG L." box="[215,478,785,809]" page="137" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="2017">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE2705E2FCC0FE274C45" author="CHEN M. & ZHANG Q. & ZHANG L." box="[215,478,785,809]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="1 - 279" refId="ref172159" refString="CHEN M., ZHANG Q. & ZHANG L. 2017. - Radiolaria in the Sediments from the Northwest Pacific and its marginal seas. Scientific Publishing, Beijing, 1 - 279 p. [in Chinese]" type="book chapter" year="2017">
|
||
Chen
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270426FCC3FEBB4C45" box="[275,322,785,809]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017: 137-138
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF86FE2705B1FC92FCF14C30" blockId="18.[132,776,835,860]" box="[132,776,835,860]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
Lithocyclinae –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270426FC92FDDF4C30" author="CAMPBELL A. S. & CLARK B. L." box="[275,550,835,860]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref170908" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. & CLARK B. L. 1944 b. - Miocene radiolarian faunas from southern California. Geological Society of America, special Papers 51: 1 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / SPE 51" type="journal article" year="1944">Campbell & Clark 1944b: 14</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE27077DFC92FCFA4C30" author="CHEDIYA D. M." box="[584,771,835,860]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" refId="ref172052" refString="CHEDIYA D. M. 1959. - Obzor Sistematiki Radiolyarii, Tadzhikskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet, Stalingrad, 330 and corrigenda p. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1959">Chediya, 1959: 128</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF86FE2705B1FCA4FD0F4CC4" blockId="18.[132,775,885,936]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
Heliosestrinae –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270416FCA4FDBF4CE2" author="CAMPBELL A. S. & CLARK B. L." box="[291,582,885,910]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref170908" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. & CLARK B. L. 1944 b. - Miocene radiolarian faunas from southern California. Geological Society of America, special Papers 51: 1 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / SPE 51" type="journal article" year="1944">Campbell & Clark 1944b: 14</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE27075EFCA4FEF04CC4" author="CLARK B. L. & CAMPBELL A. S." pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref172530" refString="CLARK B. L. & CAMPBELL A. S. 1945. - Radiolaria from the Kreyenhagen Formation near Los Banos, California. Geological Society of America, Memoir 101: i-vii, 1 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / MEM 10" type="journal article" year="1945">Clark & Campbell 1945: 20</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270406FC41FE354CC4" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[307,460,912,936]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D78. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270707FC41FD0B4CC4" author="CHEDIYA D. M." box="[562,754,912,936]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" refId="ref172052" refString="CHEDIYA D. M. 1959. - Obzor Sistematiki Radiolyarii, Tadzhikskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet, Stalingrad, 330 and corrigenda p. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1959">Chediya 1959: 125</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF86FE2705B1FC13FED94C98" blockId="18.[132,775,962,1012]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
Trochodiscinae –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270404FC13FE334CB6" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[305,458,962,986]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D77 [
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270727FC12FD584CB6" box="[530,673,962,986]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
]. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE2707E3FC13FEE54C98" author="CHEDIYA D. M." pageId="18" pageNumber="421" refId="ref172052" refString="CHEDIYA D. M. 1959. - Obzor Sistematiki Radiolyarii, Tadzhikskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet, Stalingrad, 330 and corrigenda p. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1959">Chediya 1959: 122</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF86FE2705B1FBDFFDE24BFC" blockId="18.[132,776,1038,1168]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB344C4BFF86FE2705B1FBDFFDE24BFC" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2705B1FBDFFEE94B4A" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1862" box="[132,272,1038,1062]" class="Polycystina" family="Coccodiscidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Coccodiscinae">Coccodiscinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270412FBDFFE464B4A" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[295,447,1038,1062]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D82. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE270714FBDEFF3B4B2D" author="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H." page="45" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="1972">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270714FBDEFF3B4B2D" author="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H." pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref183218" refString="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H. 1972. - Beitrage zur Erforschung der mesozoischen Radiolarien. Teil I: Revision der Oberfamilie Coccodiscacea HAECKEL 1862 emend. und Beschreibung ihrer triassischen Vertreter. Geologisch Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 2: 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1972">Kozur & Mostler 1972: 45-46</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE2705D9FBF8FDA74B2D" author="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G. & KOZLOVA G. E." box="[236,606,1065,1089]" page="523" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="1972">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE2705D9FBF8FDA74B2D" author="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G. & KOZLOVA G. E." box="[236,606,1065,1089]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="495 - 648" refId="ref192143" refString="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G. & KOZLOVA G. E. 1972. - Radiolaria: Leg 14, Deep Sea Drilling Project, in HAYES D. E., PIMM A. C. et al. (eds), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 14. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.: 495 - 648. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 14.116.1972" type="book chapter" year="1972">Petrushevskaya & Kozlova 1972: 523</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE2707BDFBF8FEBA4B37" author="SANFILIPPO A. & RIEDEL W. R." page="1009" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="1980">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE2707BDFBF8FEBA4B37" author="SANFILIPPO A. & RIEDEL W. R." pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="1008 - 1011" refId="ref195557" refString="SANFILIPPO A. & RIEDEL W. R. 1980. - A revised generic and suprageneric classification of the Artiscins (Radiolaria). Journal of Paleontology 54 (5): 1008 - 1011. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 1304365" type="journal article" year="1980">Sanfilippo & Riedel 1980: 1009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE270444FB92FDC54B37" author="DUMITRICA P." box="[369,572,1091,1115]" page="97" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="1984">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270444FB92FDC54B37" author="DUMITRICA P." box="[369,572,1091,1115]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="91 - 102" refId="ref174277" refString="DUMITRICA P. 1984. - Systematics of Sphaerellarian radiolarian, in PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G. & STEPANJANTS S. D. (eds), Morphology, ecology and evolution of radiolarians. Material from the IV symposium of European radiolarists EURORAD IV. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, USSR: 91 - 102. [in Russian]" type="proceedings paper" year="1984">Dumitrica 1984: 97</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. — Sanfilippo
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2707E2FB95FCF14B37" box="[727,776,1091,1115]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1985: 653. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE27043AFB8FFDF54B1A" author="DE WEVER P. & DUMITRICA P. & CAULET J. P. & NIGRINI C. & CARIDROIT M." box="[271,524,1118,1142]" page="121" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="2001">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE27043AFB8FFDF54B1A" author="DE WEVER P. & DUMITRICA P. & CAULET J. P. & NIGRINI C. & CARIDROIT M." box="[271,524,1118,1142]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" refId="ref173394" refString="DE WEVER P., DUMITRICA P., CAULET J. P., NIGRINI C. & CARIDROIT M. 2001. - Radiolarians in the sedimentary record, Amsterdam, 533 p. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781482283181" type="book" year="2001">
|
||
De Wever
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270446FB8FFE594B1A" box="[371,416,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001: 121
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270705FB8FFCF94B1A" author="AFANASIEVA M. S. & AMON E. O. & AGARKOV Y. V. & BOLTOVSKOY D. S." box="[560,768,1118,1142]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="135 - 392" refId="ref165638" refString="AFANASIEVA M. S., AMON E. O., AGARKOV Y. V. & BOLTOVSKOY D. S. 2005. - Radiolarians in the geological record. Paleontological Journal 39 (3, Suppl. S.): 135 - 392." type="book chapter" year="2005">
|
||
Afanasieva
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2707A8FB8FFD334B1A" box="[669,714,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: S288. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE2705D6FBA9FDEE4BFC" author="AFANASIEVA M. S. & AMON E. O." box="[227,535,1144,1168]" page="131" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="2006">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE2705D6FBA9FDEE4BFC" author="AFANASIEVA M. S. & AMON E. O." box="[227,535,1144,1168]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="467" refId="ref165589" refString="AFANASIEVA M. S. & AMON E. O. 2006. - Biotic crises and stages of radiolarian evolution in the Phanerozoic. Paleontological Journal 40 (4): S 453 - S 467. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030106100054" type="journal article" year="2006">Afanasieva & Amon 2006: 131</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF86FE2705B1FB7BFCFD4BAE" blockId="18.[132,772,1194,1218]" box="[132,772,1194,1218]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB344C4BFF86FE2705B1FB7BFCFD4BAE" box="[132,772,1194,1218]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2705B1FB7BFEF44BAE" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[132,269,1194,1218]" family="Lithocycliidae" pageId="18" pageNumber="568" rank="family">Lithocycliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE270412FB7BFDD14BAE" author="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G." box="[295,552,1194,1218]" page="128" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="1986">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270412FB7BFDD14BAE" author="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G." box="[295,552,1194,1218]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="185 - 195" refId="ref192103" refString="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G. 1986. - Evolution of the Antarctissa group. Marine Micropaleontology 11: 185 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0377 - 8398 (86) 90013 - 7" type="journal article" year="1986">Petrushevskaya 1986: 128</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF86FE270764FB7BFCF94BAE" author="KOZLOVA G. E." box="[593,768,1194,1218]" page="83" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" year="1999">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270764FB7BFCF94BAE" author="KOZLOVA G. E." box="[593,768,1194,1218]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" refId="ref183064" refString="KOZLOVA G. E. 1999. - Paleogene Boreal Radiolarians from the Russia. Ministry of Natural resources of Russian Federation, All-Russian Petroleum research Exploration Institute (VNIGRI), Practical manual of microfauna, 393 p. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1999">Kozlova 1999: 83</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF86FE2705B1FB0CFCF84871" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF86FE2705B1FB0CFCFF4A63" blockId="18.[132,775,1244,1295]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF86FE2705B1FB0CFF4C4B9E" box="[132,181,1245,1268]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">TYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
GENUS. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270412FB0DFD904B98" authority="Ehrenberg, 1846: 385" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityPageNumber="385" authorityYear="1846" box="[295,617,1244,1268]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Lithocyclia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270412FB0DFE754B98" box="[295,396,1244,1268]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Lithocyclia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE2704A7FB0DFD904B98" author="EHRENBERG C. G." box="[402,617,1244,1268]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="382 - 385" refId="ref176119" refString="EHRENBERG C. G. 1846. - Uber eine halibiolithische, von Herrn R. Schomburgk entdeckte, vorherrschend aus mikroskopischen Polycystinen gebildete, Gebirgsmasse von Barbados. Bericht uber die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin: 382 - 385. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 11056086" type="book chapter" year="1846">Ehrenberg, 1846: 385</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF86FE270740FB0CFD584B99" box="[629,673,1245,1269]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species by subsequent monotypy:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE27045CFB26FD024A63" authority="Ehrenberg, 1847: 55" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityPageNumber="55" authorityYear="1847" box="[361,763,1271,1295]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Astromma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="species" species="aristotelis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27045CFB26FDDF4A63" box="[361,550,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Astromma aristotelis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270719FB26FD024A63" author="EHRENBERG C. G." box="[556,763,1271,1295]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="40 - 60" refId="ref176180" refString="EHRENBERG C. G. 1847. - Uber die mikroskopischen kieselschaligen Polycystinen als machtige Gebirgsmasse von Barbados und uber das Verhaltniss deraus mehr als 300 neuen Arten bestehenden ganz eigenthumlichen Formengruppe jener Felsmasse zu den jetzt lebenden Thieren und zur Kreidebildung Eine neue Anregung zur Erforschung des Erdlebens. Bericht uber die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin: 40 - 60. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 11226274" type="book chapter" year="1847">Ehrenberg, 1847: 55</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF86FE2705B1FAF8FCF84871" blockId="18.[131,776,1321,1821]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED35F3A0FF86FE2705B1FAF8FF124A53" box="[132,235,1321,1344]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">INCLUDED</collectionCode>
|
||
GENERA. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE27045FFAF8FD434A2D" authority="Haeckel, 1887: 334" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="334" authorityYear="1887" box="[362,698,1321,1345]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Cromyatractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27045FFAF8FE084A2C" box="[362,497,1321,1344]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Cromyatractus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE2704CDFAF8FD434A2D" author="HAECKEL E." box="[504,698,1321,1345]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" refId="ref179311" refString="HAECKEL E. 1887. - Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 18: clxxxviii + 1803. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 23487916" type="url" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887: 334</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2707E9FAF8FF024A37" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" class="Polycystinea" genus="Cromyatractium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2707E9FAF8FF024A37" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Cromyatractium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the same
|
||
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF86FE2704A0FA95FE464A30" box="[405,447,1348,1372]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270722FA95FD744A37" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[535,653,1348,1371]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Caryatractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270722FA95FD744A37" box="[535,653,1348,1371]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Caryatractus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2707A1FA92FD2E4A37" bold="true" box="[660,727,1347,1371]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2630A0CFF86FE2707A1FA92FD2E4A37" box="[660,727,1347,1371]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2705B1FA8FFE304A19" authority="Haeckel, 1882: 457" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="457" authorityYear="1882" box="[132,457,1373,1398]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Heliosestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2705B1FA8FFF054A1A" box="[132,252,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Heliosestrum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270431FA8FFE304A19" author="HAECKEL E." box="[260,457,1373,1398]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel, 1882: 457</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2704DAFA8FFD8F4A1A" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[495,630,1374,1398]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Heliosestantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2704DAFA8FFD8F4A1A" box="[495,630,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Heliosestantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the same
|
||
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF86FE2705B3FAA8FF494AFD" box="[134,176,1401,1425]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270437FAA9FE8E4AE3" box="[258,375,1400,1423]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Astrosestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270437FAA9FE8E4AE3" box="[258,375,1400,1423]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Astrosestrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
synonymized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270715FAA8FF664AC7" author="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H." pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref183218" refString="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H. 1972. - Beitrage zur Erforschung der mesozoischen Radiolarien. Teil I: Revision der Oberfamilie Coccodiscacea HAECKEL 1862 emend. und Beschreibung ihrer triassischen Vertreter. Geologisch Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 2: 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1972">Kozur & Mostler 1972: 19</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE27059CFA42FED54AC7" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[169,300,1427,1451]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Astrosestantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27059CFA42FED54AC7" box="[169,300,1427,1451]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Astrosestantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270404FA42FE884AC7" bold="true" box="[305,369,1427,1451]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2630A0CFF86FE270404FA42FE884AC7" box="[305,369,1427,1451]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270448FA42FE014AC7" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[381,504,1427,1451]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Astrophacura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270448FA42FE014AC7" box="[381,504,1427,1451]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Astrophacura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2704C9FA42FDC54AC7" bold="true" box="[508,572,1427,1451]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2630A0CFF86FE2704C9FA42FDC54AC7" box="[508,572,1427,1451]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE27075BFA42FED84AA9" authority="Haeckel, 1882: 457" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="457" authorityYear="1882" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Heliostylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27075BFA42FD2B4AC7" box="[622,722,1427,1451]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Heliostylus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE2707E3FA42FED84AA9" author="HAECKEL E." pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel, 1882: 457</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE27047DFA7CFE504AA9" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[328,425,1453,1477]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Astrostylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27047DFA7CFE504AA9" box="[328,425,1453,1477]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Astrostylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
synonymized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE27076EFA7FFF194A8C" author="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H." pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref183218" refString="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H. 1972. - Beitrage zur Erforschung der mesozoischen Radiolarien. Teil I: Revision der Oberfamilie Coccodiscacea HAECKEL 1862 emend. und Beschreibung ihrer triassischen Vertreter. Geologisch Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 2: 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1972">Kozur & Mostler 1972: 19</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2705DAFA16FEA84AB3" box="[239,337,1479,1503]" class="Polycystinea" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Stylodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Chromista" order="Malpighiales" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2705DAFA16FEA84AB3" box="[239,337,1479,1503]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Stylodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
synonymized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270734FA16FF554A96" author="SANFILIPPO A. & RIEDEL W. R." pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="475 - 611" refId="ref195369" refString="SANFILIPPO A. & RIEDEL W. R. 1973. - Cenozoic Radiolaria (exclusive of theoperids, artostrobiids and amphipyndacids) from the Gulf of Mexico, DSDP Leg 10, in WORZEL J. L., BRYANT W. et al. (eds), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 10. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.: 475 - 611. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 10.119.1973" type="book chapter" year="1973">Sanfilippo & Riedel 1973: 522</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270583FA33FECD4A96" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[182,308,1506,1530]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Stylentodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270583FA33FECD4A96" box="[182,308,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Stylentodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27040FFA33FE824A96" bold="true" box="[314,379,1506,1530]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2630A0CFF86FE27040FFA33FE824A96" box="[314,379,1506,1530]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270498FA33FD144A96" authority="Ehrenberg, 1846: 385" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityPageNumber="385" authorityYear="1846" box="[429,749,1506,1530]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Lithocyclia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270498FA33FDEB4A96" box="[429,530,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Lithocyclia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270722FA33FD144A96" author="EHRENBERG C. G." box="[535,749,1506,1530]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="382 - 385" refId="ref176119" refString="EHRENBERG C. G. 1846. - Uber eine halibiolithische, von Herrn R. Schomburgk entdeckte, vorherrschend aus mikroskopischen Polycystinen gebildete, Gebirgsmasse von Barbados. Bericht uber die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin: 382 - 385. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 11056086" type="book chapter" year="1846">Ehrenberg, 1846: 385</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2705B6FA2DFF1F4978" box="[131,230,1532,1556]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Astrocyclia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2705B6FA2DFF1F4978" box="[131,230,1532,1556]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Astrocyclia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
synonymized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE2704BAFA2DFD464978" author="SANFILIPPO A. & RIEDEL W. R." box="[399,703,1532,1557]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="446 - 462" refId="ref195330" refString="SANFILIPPO A. & RIEDEL W. R. 1970. - Post-Eocene " closed " theoperid radiolarians. Micropaleontology 16 (4): 446 - 462. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1485072" type="journal article" year="1970">Riedel & Sanfilippo 1970: 522</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2707FDFA2CFF404943" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Coccoideaceae" genus="Coccodiscus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Capnodiales" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2707FDFA2CFF404943" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Coccodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
synonymized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270469F9C6FD984943" author="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H." box="[348,609,1559,1583]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref183218" refString="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H. 1972. - Beitrage zur Erforschung der mesozoischen Radiolarien. Teil I: Revision der Oberfamilie Coccodiscacea HAECKEL 1862 emend. und Beschreibung ihrer triassischen Vertreter. Geologisch Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 2: 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1972">Kozur & Mostler 1972: 46</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2707B9F9C6FEBE4925" authority="Haeckel, 1882: 457" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="457" authorityYear="1882" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Phacostaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2707B9F9C6FCFC4943" box="[652,773,1559,1583]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Phacostaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE2705B1F9E0FEBE4925" author="HAECKEL E." box="[132,327,1585,1609]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel, 1882: 457</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE27045EF9E0FE0E4925" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[363,503,1585,1609]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Phacostaurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27045EF9E0FE0E4925" box="[363,503,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Phacostaurium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the same
|
||
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF86FE2707BBF9E3FD414926" box="[654,696,1586,1610]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2705B0F99DFF0E490F" box="[133,247,1612,1635]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Astrostaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2705B0F99DFF0E490F" box="[133,247,1612,1635]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Astrostaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
synonymized with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270480F99DFD464908" author="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H." box="[437,703,1612,1636]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref183218" refString="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H. 1972. - Beitrage zur Erforschung der mesozoischen Radiolarien. Teil I: Revision der Oberfamilie Coccodiscacea HAECKEL 1862 emend. und Beschreibung ihrer triassischen Vertreter. Geologisch Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 2: 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1972">Kozur & Mostler 1972: 19</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2707FFF99DFF404912" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" class="Polycystinea" genus="Crucidiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2707FFF99DFF404912" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Crucidiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27058AF9B7FF064912" bold="true" box="[191,255,1638,1662]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2630A0CFF86FE27058AF9B7FF064912" box="[191,255,1638,1662]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE27043EF9B7FE794912" box="[267,384,1638,1662]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Heliostaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27043EF9B7FE794912" box="[267,384,1638,1662]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Heliostaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2704B1F9B7FE3C4912" bold="true" box="[388,453,1638,1662]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2630A0CFF86FE2704B1F9B7FE3C4912" box="[388,453,1638,1662]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2704E5F9B7FDAF4912" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[464,598,1638,1662]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Sethostaurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2704E5F9B7FDAF4912" box="[464,598,1638,1662]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Sethostaurium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27076EF9B7FD654912" bold="true" box="[603,668,1638,1662]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2630A0CFF86FE27076EF9B7FD654912" box="[603,668,1638,1662]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270792F9B7FF5949F4" class="Polycystinea" genus="Sethostaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270792F9B7FF5949F4" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Sethostaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270592F950FF1049F5" bold="true" box="[167,233,1665,1689]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2630A0CFF86FE270592F950FF1049F5" box="[167,233,1665,1689]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2705C3F950FE7C49F5" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[246,389,1665,1689]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Staurentodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2705C3F950FE7C49F5" box="[246,389,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Staurentodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2704BEF950FE3449F5" bold="true" box="[395,461,1665,1689]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2630A0CFF86FE2704BEF950FE3449F5" box="[395,461,1665,1689]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270734F950FF5949DF" authority="Sutton, 1896: 61" authorityName="Sutton" authorityPageNumber="61" authorityYear="1896" class="Polycystinea" genus="Phacotriactis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270734F950FD8049F5" box="[513,633,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Phacotriactis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE27074AF950FF5949DF" author="SUTTON H. J." pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="61 - 62" refId="ref197670" refString="SUTTON H. J. 1896. - Radiolaria; a new genus from Barbados. American Monthly Microscopical Journal 17 (2): 61 - 62. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 16257252" type="journal article" year="1896">Sutton, 1896: 61</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2705FDF94AFE1149DF" authority="Haeckel 1882: 457" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="457" authorityYear="1882" box="[200,488,1691,1715]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Sethostylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2705FDF94AFED349DF" box="[200,298,1691,1715]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Sethostylus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE27041AF94AFE1149DF" author="HAECKEL E." box="[303,488,1691,1715]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel 1882: 457</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270733F94AFD8249DF" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[518,635,1691,1715]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Sethostylium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270733F94AFD8249DF" box="[518,635,1691,1715]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Sethostylium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the same
|
||
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF86FE2705B6F967FF5549A2" box="[131,172,1718,1742]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2705CEF967FE9249A2" box="[251,363,1718,1742]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Amphicyclia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2705CEF967FE9249A2" box="[251,363,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Amphicyclia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
synonymized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270738F967FF104984" author="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G. & KOZLOVA G. E." pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="495 - 648" refId="ref192143" refString="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G. & KOZLOVA G. E. 1972. - Radiolaria: Leg 14, Deep Sea Drilling Project, in HAYES D. E., PIMM A. C. et al. (eds), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 14. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.: 495 - 648. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 14.116.1972" type="book chapter" year="1972">Petrushevskaya & Kozlova 1972: 522</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2705C5F901FEAE4984" box="[240,343,1744,1768]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Phacostylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2705C5F901FEAE4984" box="[240,343,1744,1768]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Phacostylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27046BF901FE674984" bold="true" box="[350,414,1744,1768]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2630A0CFF86FE27046BF901FE674984" box="[350,414,1744,1768]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE27049CF901FDDA4984" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[425,547,1744,1768]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Phacostylium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27049CF901FDDA4984" box="[425,547,1744,1768]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Phacostylium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270712F901FD9E4984" bold="true" box="[551,615,1744,1768]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2630A0CFF86FE270712F901FD9E4984" box="[551,615,1744,1768]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2707ADF901FEC5486E" authority="Haeckel, 1882: 458" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="458" authorityYear="1882" class="Polycystinea" genus="Staurocyclia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2707ADF901FCFE4984" box="[664,775,1744,1768]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Staurocyclia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE2705B1F93BFEC5486E" author="HAECKEL E." box="[132,316,1770,1795]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel, 1882: 458</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270462F93AFE32486E" box="[343,459,1771,1794]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Coccostaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270462F93AFE32486E" box="[343,459,1771,1794]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Coccostaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
synonymized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270759F93BFCF9486E" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[620,768,1770,1794]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D82). —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2705D3F8D7FDF64871" authority="Haeckel, 1882: 457" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="457" authorityYear="1882" box="[230,527,1797,1821]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Triactiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2705D3F8D7FEBE4871" box="[230,327,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Triactiscus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE27047BF8D4FDF64871" author="HAECKEL E." box="[334,527,1797,1821]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel, 1882: 457</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270705F8D4FD524871" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[560,683,1797,1821]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Trigonocyclia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270705F8D4FD524871" box="[560,683,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Trigonocyclia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270784F8D4FD0A4871" bold="true" box="[689,755,1797,1821]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2630A0CFF86FE270784F8D4FD0A4871" box="[689,755,1797,1821]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF86FE2705B1F8E6FE654887" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF86FE2705B1F8E6FF0648F2" blockId="18.[132,775,1847,1950]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
NOMINA DUBIA. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270478F8E6FE4D4823" box="[333,436,1847,1871]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Coccocyclia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270478F8E6FE4D4823" box="[333,436,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Coccocyclia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2704F6F8E6FDCD4823" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[451,564,1847,1871]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Echinactura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2704F6F8E6FDCD4823" box="[451,564,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Echinactura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270777F8E6FD344823" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[578,717,1847,1871]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Heliosestomma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270777F8E6FD344823" box="[578,717,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Heliosestomma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2707EEF8E9FF324805" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" class="Polycystinea" genus="Pristodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2707EEF8E9FF324805" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Pristodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2705EDF883FEA64805" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[216,351,1874,1897]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Stauractinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2705EDF883FEA64805" box="[216,351,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Stauractinium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270459F883FE204805" box="[364,473,1874,1897]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Stauractura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270459F883FE204805" box="[364,473,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Stauractura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2704D3F883FD974805" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[486,622,1874,1897]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Stauracturium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2704D3F883FD974805" box="[486,622,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Stauracturium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE27074EF880FCF94805" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[635,768,1873,1897]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Staurexodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27074EF880FCF94805" box="[635,768,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Staurexodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2705B1F8BDFF0048E8" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[132,249,1900,1924]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Stylexodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2705B1F8BDFF0048E8" box="[132,249,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Stylexodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE27043DF8BDFE8648E8" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[264,383,1900,1924]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Theodiscoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27043DF8BDFE8648E8" box="[264,383,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Theodiscoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2704B8F8BDFE0248E8" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[397,507,1900,1924]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Theodiscura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2704B8F8BDFE0248E8" box="[397,507,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Theodiscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE27073CF8BDFD9248E8" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[521,619,1900,1924]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Theodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27073CF8BDFD9248E8" box="[521,619,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Theodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE27074CF8BDFCF948E8" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[633,768,1900,1924]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Trochodisculus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27074CF8BDFCF948E8" box="[633,768,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Trochodisculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2705B1F857FF0148F2" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[132,248,1926,1950]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Trochodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2705B1F857FF0148F2" box="[132,248,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Trochodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF86FE2705B1F868FE654887" blockId="18.[132,775,1976,2027]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
JUNIOR HOMONYM. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270450F869FD4F48BC" authority="Krasheninnikov, 1960" authorityName="Krasheninnikov" authorityYear="1960" box="[357,694,1976,2000]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270450F869FE2148BC" box="[357,472,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Staurodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE2704EBF869FD4F48BC" author="KRASHENINNIKOV V. A." box="[478,694,1976,2000]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="271 - 308" refId="ref183802" refString="KRASHENINNIKOV V. A. 1960. - Some radiolarians of the Lower and Middle Eocene of the Westen Caucasus. Mineralogicko-Geologicka i Okhrana Nedr SSSR Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno-Issledovatelskogo Geologorazved Neftyanogo Instituta 16: 271 - 308. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1960">Krasheninnikov, 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2707E0F869FF2A4887" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Heliosestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2707E0F869FF2A4887" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Heliosestrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2705D7F805FEF94887" box="[226,256,2004,2027]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">nec</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270433F802FE614887" author="HAECKEL E." box="[262,408,2003,2027]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" refId="ref179205" refString="HAECKEL E. 1879. - Naturliche Schopfungs-Geschichte, 7 th ed. Reimer, Berlin, Germany, 718 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15249" type="book" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF86FE270618FF09FAAE4DFD" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF86FE270618FF09FA4B4D0E" blockId="18.[811,1458,215,610]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
DIAGNOSIS. — Shell roughly flat, consisting of a large convex lensshaped latticed shell. Radial beams arise from the outer medullary shell and radiate to both sides of the equatorial plane. They are connected to the large latticed shell. No three-dimensional gridlike arms are observed. One of the following exterior structures is present outside of the large latticed shell: - a wide ring made of a grid-like structure (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270127FEA6FB604EE2" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[1042,1177,375,398]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Cromyatractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270127FEA6FB604EE2" box="[1042,1177,375,398]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Cromyatractus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270193FEA7FAF24EE2" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[1190,1291,374,398]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Lithocyclia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270193FEA7FAF24EE2" box="[1190,1291,374,398]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Lithocyclia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270020FEA7FA7C4EE2" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[1301,1413,374,398]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Staurocyclia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270020FEA7FA7C4EE2" box="[1301,1413,374,398]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Staurocyclia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); - a solid flat circular edge surrounded by many solid arrowhead-like short spines (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2706D4FE7AFBA14EAF" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[993,1112,427,451]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Heliosestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2706D4FE7AFBA14EAF" box="[993,1112,427,451]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Heliosestrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); - and/or two to four solid spines distributed under two-fold, threefold or four-fold symmetries (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE27061EFE31FC4B4E9B" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[811,946,480,503]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Cromyatractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27061EFE31FC4B4E9B" box="[811,946,480,503]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Cromyatractus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2706F5FE31FB504E94" authority=", Phacostaurus" authorityName="Phacostaurus" box="[960,1193,480,504]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Heliostylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2706F5FE31FBDD4E94" box="[960,1060,480,504]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Heliostylus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27011AFE31FB504E94" box="[1071,1193,480,504]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Phacostaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270180FE31FAD44E94" authorityName="Sutton" authorityYear="1896" box="[1205,1325,480,504]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Phacotriactis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270180FE31FAD44E94" box="[1205,1325,480,504]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Phacotriactis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE27000CFE31FC764D7E" authority=", Triactiscus" authorityName="Triactiscus" class="Polycystinea" genus="Staurocyclia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27000CFE31FA504E94" box="[1337,1449,480,504]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Staurocyclia</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270618FE2AFC764D7E" box="[813,911,507,530]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Triactiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Radial spines, if present, are not connected with the double medullary shell; or connected to the double medullary shell (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270653FDFEFB884D2B" authority=", Cromyatractus" authorityName="Cromyatractus" box="[870,1137,559,583]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Amphicyclia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270653FDFEFC234D2B" box="[870,986,559,583]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Amphicyclia</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2706DDFDE1FB884D2B" box="[1000,1137,560,583]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Cromyatractus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE27019DFDFEFAF24D2B" box="[1192,1291,559,583]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Heliostylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27019DFDFEFAF24D2B" box="[1192,1291,559,583]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Heliostylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). No significant structures develop on each of the two sides of the equatorial plane.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF86FE270618FDABFAAE4DFD" blockId="18.[813,1367,633,658]" box="[813,1367,633,658]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">STRATIGRAPHIC OCCURRENCE. — Late Paleocene-Living.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF86FE270618FD67FA5749C0" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF86FE270618FD67FC684DA2" blockId="18.[811,1457,694,1709]" box="[813,913,694,720]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF86FE270618FD04FA5749C0" blockId="18.[811,1457,694,1709]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
This family used to be named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270143FD04FAEC4D83" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1862" box="[1142,1301,725,751]" class="Polycystina" family="Coccodiscidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="family">Coccodiscidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the oldest senior synonym is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270179FD24FA514C63" authority="Ehrenberg 1846" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[1100,1448,757,783]" family="Lithocycliidae" pageId="18" pageNumber="568" rank="family">
|
||
Lithocycliidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE2701C1FD24FA514C63" author="EHRENBERG C. G." box="[1268,1448,757,783]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="382 - 385" refId="ref176119" refString="EHRENBERG C. G. 1846. - Uber eine halibiolithische, von Herrn R. Schomburgk entdeckte, vorherrschend aus mikroskopischen Polycystinen gebildete, Gebirgsmasse von Barbados. Bericht uber die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin: 382 - 385. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 11056086" type="book chapter" year="1846">Ehrenberg 1846</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2706BBFCC4FB2B4C43" authority="Haeckel 1862" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1862" box="[910,1234,789,815]" class="Polycystina" family="Coccodiscidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="family">
|
||
Coccodiscidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE27010DFCC4FB2B4C43" author="HAECKEL E." box="[1080,1234,789,815]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" refId="ref179095" refString="HAECKEL E. 1862. - Die Radiolarien (Rhizopoda Radiaria). Eine Monographie. Reimer, Berlin, 572 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10155" type="book" year="1862">Haeckel 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2701D7FCC4FA874C43" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[1250,1406,789,815]" family="Lithocycliidae" pageId="18" pageNumber="568" rank="family">Lithocycliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
was used as a valid family (see synonymy above); the valid family name must therefore be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE27010EFC84FB214C03" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[1083,1240,853,879]" family="Lithocycliidae" pageId="18" pageNumber="568" rank="family">Lithocycliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270020FC84FA574C03" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[1301,1454,853,879]" family="Lithocycliidae" pageId="18" pageNumber="568" rank="family">Lithocycliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distinguished from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270156FCA4FB0E4CE3" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[1123,1271,885,911]" family="Astracturidae" pageId="18" pageNumber="568" rank="family">Astracturidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to presence of three-dimensional grid-like arms.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2701F7FC44FAA34CC3" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[1218,1370,917,943]" family="Lithocycliidae" pageId="18" pageNumber="568" rank="family">Lithocycliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also distinguished from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE27011EFC64FB3B4CA3" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[1067,1218,949,975]" class="Polycystinea" family="Phacodiscidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">Phacodiscidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the absence of any exterior structure excepting a simple, circular solid edge. Differing from the distinguishing characteristics of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE27061BFBC5FC344B42" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[814,973,1044,1070]" family="Lithocycliidae" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" rank="family">Lithocycliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2706EDFBC5FAFA4B43" authority=", Cromyatractus" authorityName="Cromyatractus" box="[984,1283,1044,1071]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Amphicyclia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2706EDFBC5FBA04B42" box="[984,1113,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Amphicyclia</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27015FFBC4FAFA4B43" box="[1130,1283,1045,1071]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Cromyatractus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270075FBC5FA484B42" box="[1344,1457,1044,1070]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Heliostylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270075FBC5FA484B42" box="[1344,1457,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Heliostylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess two polar primary radial beams connected by the polar radial spines and a spindle-shaped second inner shell which is connected to the innermost shell by a few radial beams. These three genera are to be separated from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2701D5FB45FA854BC2" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[1248,1404,1172,1198]" family="Lithocycliidae" pageId="18" pageNumber="568" rank="family">Lithocycliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The drawings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270682FB65FBCA4BA2" box="[951,1075,1204,1230]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Astrostaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270682FB65FBCA4BA2" box="[951,1075,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Astrostaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270176FB65FB404BA2" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[1091,1209,1204,1230]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Crucidiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270176FB65FB404BA2" box="[1091,1209,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Crucidiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2701C0FB65FA884BA2" box="[1269,1393,1204,1230]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Staurocyclia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2701C0FB65FA884BA2" box="[1269,1393,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Staurocyclia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show a crisscrossing of four radial beams in the third shell, but these structures have not been observed in an actual specimen.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE27065CFAC2FB7F4A42" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1862" box="[873,1158,1299,1326]" class="Polycystina" family="Heliodiscidae" genus="Heliodiscus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27065CFAC2FC254A41" box="[873,988,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Heliodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
(Heliodiscidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sometimes confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE27061EFAE2FC494A21" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[811,944,1331,1357]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Heliosestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27061EFAE2FC494A21" box="[811,944,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Heliosestrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the presence of equatorial radial spines, but the former genus has a characteristically different microsphere that is unusually located in the second inner shell. It should be noted that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270174FA42FB204AC1" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[1089,1241,1427,1453]" family="Lithocycliidae" pageId="18" pageNumber="568" rank="family">Lithocycliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an extinct family whereas the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE27069BFA62FBC64AA1" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[942,1087,1459,1485]" class="Polycystina" family="Heliodiscidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="family">Heliodiscidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a living family. Moreover, overall images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2706A3FA02FBE24A81" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[918,1051,1491,1517]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Heliosestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2706A3FA02FBE24A81" box="[918,1051,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Heliosestrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE27000FFA02FA544A81" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1862" box="[1338,1453,1491,1517]" class="Polycystina" family="Heliodiscidae" genus="Heliodiscus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE27000FFA02FA544A81" box="[1338,1453,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Heliodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the observed lateral profile of the cortical and pore patterns (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270603F9C3FBC44941" author="SUYARI K. & YAMASAKI T." box="[822,1085,1554,1581]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="37 - 46" refId="ref197711" refString="SUYARI K. & YAMASAKI T. 1987. - Boundary between the north and south Shimanto Subbelts in Tokushima Prefecture. Journal of Science, University of Tokushima 20: 37 - 46. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1987">Suyari & Yamasaki 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 3, fig. 15; 1988: pl. 3, fig. 14). Scanning electron images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270150F9E3FB134920" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[1125,1258,1586,1612]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Heliosestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270150F9E3FB134920" box="[1125,1258,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Heliosestrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also similar to those of
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2706BDF983FC074900" box="[904,1022,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2706BDF983FC024900" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[904,1019,1618,1644]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Lithocyclia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">Lithocyclia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but the latter tends to have an increased number of systematically arranged pores on the cortical shell and lattice margin (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE270134F943FAF549C0" author="SUYARI K. & YAMASAKI T." box="[1025,1292,1682,1708]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="107 - 133" refId="ref197750" refString="SUYARI K. & YAMASAKI T. 1988. - Microfossil age of the northern margin of the Shimanto South Subbelt in Shikoku. Journal of Science, University of Tokushima 21: 107 - 133. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1988">Suyari & Yamasaki 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 8, fig. 14).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF86FE260618F903FA564D7D" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="422" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF86FE270618F903FBF74986" blockId="18.[811,1456,1746,2028]" box="[813,1038,1746,1772]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">VALIDITY OF GENERA</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF86FE270618F923FC344860" blockId="18.[811,1456,1746,2028]" box="[813,973,1778,1804]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270618F923FC344860" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[813,973,1778,1804]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Cromyatractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">Cromyatractus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF86FE260618F8C3FD3D4E1D" blockId="18.[811,1456,1746,2028]" lastBlockId="19.[132,775,215,369]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="422" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270618F8C3FC3A4840" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[813,963,1810,1836]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Cromyatractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270618F8C3FC3A4840" box="[813,963,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Cromyatractus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2706CAF8C3FB5B4840" box="[1023,1186,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Cromyatractum</emphasis>
|
||
have the same
|
||
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF86FE270079F8C3FA834840" box="[1356,1402,1810,1836]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270655F8E3FC0C4820" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[864,1013,1842,1868]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Cromyatractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270655F8E3FC0C4820" box="[864,1013,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Cromyatractus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has two medullary shells and two cortical shells whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE2706F7F883FBBD4800" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[962,1092,1874,1900]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Caryatractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2706F7F883FBBD4800" box="[962,1092,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Caryatractus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is marked by three or more elliptical lattice shells (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF86FE2706D4F8A0FB7348E0" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[993,1162,1905,1932]" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D70). As displayed by the supporting images for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF86FE270122F843FB5248C0" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[1047,1195,1938,1964]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Cromyatractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="18" pageNumber="421" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE270122F843FB5248C0" box="[1047,1195,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Cromyatractus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF86FE2701D5F843FA7848C0" box="[1248,1409,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="421">Cromyatractum</emphasis>
|
||
, the number of shells is different in ontogenetic stages and/or following preservation. All these available genera are established in the same publication (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF87FE2604B7FF06FDBE4F9D" author="HAECKEL E." box="[386,583,215,242]" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" refId="ref179311" refString="HAECKEL E. 1887. - Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 18: clxxxviii + 1803. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 23487916" type="url" year="1887">Haeckel 1887: 334</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE260758FF09FD074F9E" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[621,766,216,242]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Cromyatractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE260758FF09FD074F9E" box="[621,766,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Cromyatractus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 335 for
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE2605E8FF29FE864E7E" box="[221,383,248,274]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Cromyatractum</emphasis>
|
||
and 336 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE260725FF29FD6B4E7E" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[528,658,248,274]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Caryatractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE260725FF29FD6B4E7E" box="[528,658,248,274]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Caryatractus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the valid genus is objectively decided to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE2604C5FEC6FD7C4E5D" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[496,645,279,305]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Cromyatractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE2604C5FEC6FD7C4E5D" box="[496,645,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Cromyatractus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because the remaining two available
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE2604BBFEE6FE2B4E3D" box="[398,466,311,337]" family="Names" pageId="19" pageNumber="410" rank="family">names</taxonomicName>
|
||
are established as subgenera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE260594FE86FECF4E1D" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[161,310,343,369]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Cromyatractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE260594FE86FECF4E1D" box="[161,310,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Cromyatractus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under Article 24.1 of ICZN (1999).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF87FE2605B1FE47FEEC4EDC" blockId="19.[130,776,406,784]" box="[132,277,406,432]" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE2605B1FE47FEEC4EDC" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[132,277,406,432]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Heliosestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="562" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">Heliosestrum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF87FE2605B1FE67FD894C7C" blockId="19.[130,776,406,784]" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">
|
||
The combination of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE26046EFE66FE254EBD" box="[347,476,439,465]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Astrosestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE26046EFE66FE254EBD" box="[347,476,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Astrosestrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE26073AFE67FD594EBC" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[527,672,438,464]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Astrosestantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE26073AFE67FD594EBC" box="[527,672,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Astrosestantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE260595FE07FEDC4E9C" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[160,293,470,496]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Heliosestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE260595FE07FEDC4E9C" box="[160,293,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Heliosestrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE260463FE07FE124E9C" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[342,491,470,496]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Heliosestantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE260463FE07FE124E9C" box="[342,491,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Heliosestantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have respectively the same
|
||
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF87FE2605B6FE26FF494D7D" box="[131,176,503,529]" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species. The differences among the genera we synonymize here are the number of radial spines on the margin of the shell, the state of development of a solid equatorial girdle, a spiny or smooth cortical shell (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF87FE2604C4FD87FD644D1D" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[497,669,598,625]" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D78 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE2605B3FDA7FEF34DFC" box="[134,266,630,656]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Astrosestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE2605B3FDA7FEF34DFC" box="[134,266,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Astrosestrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE260473FDA7FE374DFC" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[326,462,630,656]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Heliosestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE260473FDA7FE374DFC" box="[326,462,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Heliosestrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and D82 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE26075BFDA7FD0E4DFC" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[622,759,630,656]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Astrophacura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE26075BFDA7FD0E4DFC" box="[622,759,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Astrophacura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). These characteristics were regarded as intraspecific variations in numerous papers.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE260444FD67FE0D4DBC" box="[369,500,694,720]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Astrosestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE260444FD67FE0D4DBC" box="[369,500,694,720]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Astrosestrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE26071BFD64FD4D4DA3" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[558,692,693,719]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Heliosestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE26071BFD64FD4D4DA3" box="[558,692,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Heliosestrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the oldest available name published in 1882.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF87FE26077CFD04FCFF4D9C" author="HOLLIS C. J." box="[585,774,725,752]" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 152" refId="ref180673" refString="HOLLIS C. J. 1997. - Cretaceous-Paleocene Radiolaria from eastern Marlborough, New Zealand. Institute of geological and nuclear Sciences, Monograph 17: 1 - 152." type="journal article" year="1997">Hollis (1997: 41)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
acted as a first reviser to validate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE2604D0FD24FD934C63" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[485,618,757,783]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Heliosestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE2604D0FD24FD934C63" box="[485,618,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Heliosestrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF87FE2605B1FCE4FEEB4C23" blockId="19.[130,777,821,1422]" box="[132,274,821,847]" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE2605B1FCE4FEEB4C23" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[132,274,821,847]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Phacostaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">Phacostaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF87FE2605B1FC84FECD4AE2" blockId="19.[130,777,821,1422]" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">
|
||
The combination of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE260461FC84FE2F4C03" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[340,470,853,879]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Phacostaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE260461FC84FE2F4C03" box="[340,470,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Phacostaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE260732FC84FD674C03" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[519,670,853,879]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Phacostaurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE260732FC84FD674C03" box="[519,670,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Phacostaurium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE2607F6FC84FF454CE3" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" class="Polycystinea" genus="Crucidiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE2607F6FC84FF454CE3" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Crucidiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE2605DFFCA4FE794CE3" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[234,384,885,911]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Staurentodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE2605DFFCA4FE794CE3" box="[234,384,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Staurentodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE2604FAFCA4FDB14CE3" box="[463,584,885,911]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Sethostaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE2604FAFCA4FDB14CE3" box="[463,584,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Sethostaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE260742FCA4FCFD4CE3" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[631,772,885,911]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Sethostaurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE260742FCA4FCFD4CE3" box="[631,772,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Sethostaurium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is based respectively on the same
|
||
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF87FE2604C7FC44FDD94CC3" box="[498,544,917,943]" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE2607B7FC44FCF14CC3" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[642,776,917,943]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Phacostaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE2607B7FC44FCF14CC3" box="[642,776,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Phacostaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by a simple margin (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF87FE26073BFC64FD4E4CA3" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[526,695,948,975]" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D79),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE2605B1FC04FEFB4C83" box="[132,258,981,1007]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Astrostaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE2605B1FC04FEFB4C83" box="[132,258,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Astrostaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a solid equatorial girdle or a corona of tiny by-spines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF87FE2605CBFC25FE544B63" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[254,429,1012,1039]" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D80),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE260739FC25FD7C4B62" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[524,645,1012,1038]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Crucidiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE260739FC25FD7C4B62" box="[524,645,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Crucidiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by internal centripetal rods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF87FE260476FBC5FE084B43" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[323,497,1044,1071]" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D79),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE26077AFBC5FD284B42" box="[591,721,1044,1070]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Sethostaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE26077AFBC5FD284B42" box="[591,721,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Sethostaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a simple medullary shell and a simple margin (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF87FE26076FFBE5FCF94B23" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[602,768,1076,1103]" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D81), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE2605C3FB85FE8F4B02" box="[246,374,1108,1134]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Heliostaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE2605C3FB85FE8F4B02" box="[246,374,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Heliostaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a solid equatorial girdle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF87FE2607ABFB85FF424BE3" author="CAMPBELL A. S." pageId="19" pageNumber="422" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D81). As other genera in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE2604C0FBA5FD744BE2" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[501,653,1140,1166]" family="Lithocycliidae" pageId="19" pageNumber="568" rank="family">Lithocycliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the state of development of the solid equatorial ring and the tiny by-spines are intraspecies variations. However, the presence of internal centripetal rods may be different among genera. Four oldest available
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE2605DFFB25FED64A62" box="[234,303,1268,1294]" family="Names" pageId="19" pageNumber="410" rank="family">names</taxonomicName>
|
||
were simultaneously published in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF87FE260784FB22FF064A42" author="HAECKEL E." pageId="19" pageNumber="422" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel (1882: 457</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE260407FAC2FE4E4A41" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[306,439,1299,1325]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Phacostaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE260407FAC2FE4E4A41" box="[306,439,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Phacostaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE2604F2FAC5FDBC4A42" box="[455,581,1300,1326]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Astrostaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE2604F2FAC5FDBC4A42" box="[455,581,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Astrostaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE260760FAC2FD2C4A41" box="[597,725,1299,1325]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Sethostaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE260760FAC2FD2C4A41" box="[597,725,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Sethostaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE2605B3FAE2FEFD4A21" box="[134,260,1331,1357]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Heliostaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE2605B3FAE2FEFD4A21" box="[134,260,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Heliostaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). As there are no fundamental differences among them, we selected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE260466FA82FE224A01" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[339,475,1363,1389]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Phacostaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE260466FA82FE224A01" box="[339,475,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Phacostaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is well illustrated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF87FE2605B3FAA2FED64AE2" author="HAECKEL E." box="[134,303,1395,1422]" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" refId="ref179311" refString="HAECKEL E. 1887. - Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 18: clxxxviii + 1803. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 23487916" type="url" year="1887">Haeckel (1887)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF87FE2605B1FA62FF044AA1" blockId="19.[130,776,1459,2028]" box="[132,253,1459,1485]" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE2605B1FA62FF044AA1" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[132,253,1459,1485]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Sethostylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">Sethostylus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF87FE2605B1FA02FBC64E3D" blockId="19.[130,776,1459,2028]" lastBlockId="19.[813,1455,215,337]" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">
|
||
The combined
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE260418FA02FE584A81" box="[301,417,1491,1517]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Phacostylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE260418FA02FE584A81" box="[301,417,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Phacostylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE2604EEFA02FD9B4A81" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[475,610,1491,1517]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Phacostylium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE2604EEFA02FD9B4A81" box="[475,610,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Phacostylium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the combined
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE2605F2FA22FECA4961" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[199,307,1523,1549]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Sethostylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE2605F2FA22FECA4961" box="[199,307,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Sethostylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE260451FA22FE1C4961" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[356,485,1523,1549]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Sethostylium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE260451FA22FE1C4961" box="[356,485,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Sethostylium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the same
|
||
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF87FE2607B1FA22FD4B4961" box="[644,690,1523,1549]" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species, respectively.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE26043FF9C3FE714940" box="[266,392,1554,1580]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Amphicyclia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE26043FF9C3FE714940" box="[266,392,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Amphicyclia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by two solid spines, no chambered arms, and double medually shells (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF87FE2607A8F9E3FF444901" author="CAMPBELL A. S." pageId="19" pageNumber="422" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D82);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE26042EF983FE694900" box="[283,400,1618,1644]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Phacostylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE26042EF983FE694900" box="[283,400,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Phacostylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a margin of the disc with two opposite radial spines and a double medullary shell (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF87FE2607AAF9A3FF4349C1" author="CAMPBELL A. S." pageId="19" pageNumber="422" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D78, 80);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE260405F943FE6049C0" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[304,409,1682,1708]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Sethostylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE260405F943FE6049C0" box="[304,409,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Sethostylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a disc with a simple margin, two opposite radial spines and a simple medullary shell (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF87FE2607ABF963FF454981" author="CAMPBELL A. S." pageId="19" pageNumber="422" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D78, 81). A thick cortical shell such as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE2607AEF903FCF14980" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[667,776,1746,1772]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Sethostylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE2607AEF903FCF14980" box="[667,776,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Sethostylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
prevents any observation of the innermost shell. As far as we read the distinguishing morphological characteristics written in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF87FE2605E4F8E0FE774820" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[209,398,1841,1868]" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, nothing appears different among these three genera except for the connection between a radial spine and the outer medullary shell.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE26072FF8A0FD6E48E7" box="[538,663,1905,1931]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Amphicyclia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE26072FF8A0FD6E48E7" box="[538,663,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Amphicyclia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE260793F8A0FF5948C7" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Phacostylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE260793F8A0FF5948C7" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Phacostylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE2605EFF840FEBE48C7" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[218,327,1937,1963]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Sethostylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE2605EFF840FEBE48C7" box="[218,327,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Sethostylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were established in the same publication (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF87FE2605B8F860FEA648A0" author="HAECKEL E." box="[141,351,1969,1996]" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel 1882: 485</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 457, in ascending order). Nobody had used
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE260588F800FEC24887" box="[189,315,2001,2027]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Amphicyclia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE260588F800FEC24887" box="[189,315,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Amphicyclia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF87FE2604BAF803FD724887" author="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H." box="[399,651,2001,2028]" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref183218" refString="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H. 1972. - Beitrage zur Erforschung der mesozoischen Radiolarien. Teil I: Revision der Oberfamilie Coccodiscacea HAECKEL 1862 emend. und Beschreibung ihrer triassischen Vertreter. Geologisch Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 2: 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1972">
|
||
Kozur & Mostler
|
||
<quantity id="4CDCC680FF87FE260766F800FD724887" box="[595,651,2001,2027]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.00888" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" unit="in" value="1972.0">1972</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in a wrong way; however,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE2606F3FF06FBCA4F9D" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[966,1075,215,241]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Sethostylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE2606F3FF06FBCA4F9D" box="[966,1075,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Sethostylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF87FE2601C5FF06FBF54E7E" author="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G. & KOZLOVA G. E." pageId="19" pageNumber="422" pagination="495 - 648" refId="ref192143" refString="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G. & KOZLOVA G. E. 1972. - Radiolaria: Leg 14, Deep Sea Drilling Project, in HAYES D. E., PIMM A. C. et al. (eds), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 14. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.: 495 - 648. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 14.116.1972" type="book chapter" year="1972">Petrushevskaya & Kozlova (1972: 522)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and even they considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE26001CFF26FA654E7D" box="[1321,1436,247,273]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Phacostylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE26001CFF26FA654E7D" box="[1321,1436,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Phacostylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE260132FEC6FB8D4E5D" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[1031,1140,279,305]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Sethostylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE260132FEC6FB8D4E5D" box="[1031,1140,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Sethostylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In such case
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE260023FEC6FA7C4E5D" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[1302,1413,279,305]" class="Polycystinea" family="Coccodiscidae" genus="Sethostylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE260023FEC6FA7C4E5D" box="[1302,1413,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Sethostylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has priority over
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE26068FFEE6FBC14E3D" box="[954,1080,311,337]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Amphicyclia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE26068FFEE6FBC14E3D" box="[954,1080,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Amphicyclia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF87FE260618FEA6FC674EFD" blockId="19.[813,1456,375,529]" box="[813,926,375,401]" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE260618FEA6FC674EFD" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[813,926,375,401]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Triactiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">Triactiscus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF87FE260618FE46FA564D7D" blockId="19.[813,1456,375,529]" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">
|
||
The illustrations of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF87FE26011FFE49FBA14EDE" box="[1066,1112,408,434]" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE2601FBFE49FAC34EDD" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[1230,1338,408,433]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Triactiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE2601FBFE49FAC34EDD" box="[1230,1338,408,433]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Triactiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE260044FE49FC864EBD" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" class="Polycystinea" genus="Trigonocyclia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE260044FE49FC864EBD" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Trigonocyclia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show obviously different internal structures but no specimens supporting the illustration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE2601DBFE06FA8F4E9D" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[1262,1398,471,497]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Trigonocyclia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE2601DBFE06FA8F4E9D" box="[1262,1398,471,497]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Trigonocyclia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE26064DFE29FC184D7D" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[888,993,504,529]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Triactiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE26064DFE29FC184D7D" box="[888,993,504,529]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Triactiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an available name older than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF87FE260016FE26FA5E4D7D" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[1315,1447,503,529]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Trigonocyclia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="19" pageNumber="422" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF87FE260016FE26FA5E4D7D" box="[1315,1447,503,529]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="422">Trigonocyclia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |