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<mods:title id="32D58F38477372AC42B5BCD47AB05E69">Early-Middle Ordovician cephalopods from Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen - a pelagic fauna with Laurentian affinities</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7E7A79A158039468D07E0D1F9C8F67B4">Kröger, Björn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D569FE0BD940E6D8B34BE5F299F7DC99">Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="10ED4D39FFB1FFB3FDEE7E79FC9A7BEC" authority="Kröger &amp; Pohle, 2021" authorityName="Kröger &amp; Pohle" authorityYear="2021" box="[568,836,365,392]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Rioceratidae" genus="Svalbardoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetrabranchia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sterna" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB1FFB3FDEE7E79FC9A7BEC" bold="true" box="[568,836,365,392]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Svalbardoceras sterna</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFB1FFB3FE377EA0FD917BAA" box="[481,591,436,462]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1536,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-11@21.[189,1398,272,2011]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 12 (previous page). Apical parts of orthoconic cephalopods from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, near Hinlopenstretet, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A. Cyptendoceras sp. B., FMNH-P30472 from Profilbekken river basin, locality PR-phosphatic. Lateral view with siphuncle toward the left. B. Svalbardoceras sterna gen. et sp. nov, FMNH-P30169, from PO 7.5. Lateral view with siphuncle toward left. C, F–G. Eosomichelinoceras borealis sp. nov. C. Specimen FMNH-P30171, from bed PO 123.3. Lateral view with prosiphuncular side toward the right. D. Bactroceras fluvii sp. nov., FMNH-P30168, from Profilbekken river basin, locality PR-phosphatic, showing the ventral side with ventral sutural lobe. E, H, J. Bactroceras boliviensis Aubrechtová, 2015 from bed PO 131. E. Specimen FMNH-P30165, nearly dorsal view, showing the transition of the extreme apical part toward the juvenile part of the conch. F. Specimen FMNH-P30182, lateral view with siphuncle toward the right. G. Specimen FMNH-P30184, lateral view with siphuncle toward the left. H. Specimen FMNH-P30183, apical view, showing the smooth apical surface of the protoconch. I. Ethanoceras solitudines gen. et sp. nov., FMNH-P30173, from bed PO 123.3, note the fine transverse striation. J. FMNH-P30160, showing details of fine transverse ornamentation. Scale bar = 2 mm for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5794307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5794307/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs 12B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFB1FFB3FD8D7EA0FD6C7BAA" box="[603,690,436,462]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1780,1806]" captionTargetBox="[197,1386,1251,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-241@26.[189,1398,1251,1742]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 16. Reconstruction and interpretation of details of connecting ring and septal necks in rioceratid cephalopods from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A. Ethanoceras solitudines gen. et sp. nov., FMNH-P30406, see Fig. 15B.B. Svalbardoceras skua gen. et sp. nov., FMNH-P30274, see Fig. 23F. C–D. Svalbardoceras sterna gen. et. sp. nov., note variability of septal neck shape, which is interpreted as an effect of poor preservation. C. Specimen, FMNH-P30368, see Fig. 23G. D. Specimen, FMNH-P30371, see Fig. 23E. Black: septal neck and septum. Dark grey: connecting ring. Without scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793472/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">16C–D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFB1FFB3FD687EA0FD2D7BAA" box="[702,755,436,462]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[188,231,1780,1806]" captionTargetBox="[189,1362,1400,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-388@30.[189,1398,1400,1742]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 19. Details of the conch surface of rioceratid cephalopods from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A. Hinlopoceras venti gen. et sp. nov., FMNH- P30262, from bed PO 07, lateral view with ventral, prosiphuncular side toward left. B. Hinlopoceras tempestatis gen. et sp. nov., FMNH-P30359, from bed PO 07, lateral view with ventral, prosiphuncular side toward right. C. Svalbardoceras skua gen. et sp. nov., FMNH-P30408, from bed PO 123.3. D. Svalbardoceras sterna gen. et sp. nov., FMNH-P30373, from bed PO 7.5. Scale bar = 5 mm for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793478/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">19D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFB1FFB3FD297EA0FC957BAA" box="[767,843,436,462]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="31.[189,232,1913,1939]" captionStartId-1="32.[189,232,1914,1940]" captionTargetBox-0="[207,1390,1547,1866]" captionTargetBox-1="[206,1392,1493,1866]" captionTargetId-0="figure-225@31.[189,1398,1534,1874]" captionTargetId-1="figure-314@32.[189,1398,1460,1876]" captionTargetPageId-0="31" captionTargetPageId-1="32" captionText-0="Fig. 20.Diagrams of relative conch width and angles of expansion of species of Svalbardoceras gen. nov. from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. See Supp. file 1 for details of measurements." captionText-1="Fig. 21. Diagrams of relative chamber length and relative siphuncular diameter of species of Svalbardoceras gen. nov. from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. See Supp. file 1 for details of measurements." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793480" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793484" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5793480/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5793484/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
20– 
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, 
<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFB1FFB3FC817EA0FC707BAA" box="[855,942,436,462]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1680,1706]" captionTargetBox="[192,1394,870,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-90@33.[189,1398,870,1643]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 22. Svalbardoceras gen. nov. from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A–D. Svalbardoceras skua gen. et sp. nov. from bed PO 123.3. A. Specimen FMNH-P30277, lateral view, venter, prosiphuncular side toward the right. B. Specimen FMNH-P30272, holotype, lateral view, venter, prosiphuncular side toward the left. C. Specimen FMNH-P30276, lateral view of adult (?), body chamber, with venter, prosiphuncular side toward the left. D. Specimen FMNH-P30263, lateral view of a fragmentary body chamber, with venter, prosiphuncular side toward the left. E–G. Svalbardoceras sterna gen. et sp. nov., from bed PO 7.5. E. Specimen FMNH-P30379. F. Specimen FMNH-P30373, lateral view with venter, prosiphuncular side toward the right. G. Specimen FMNH-P30368, holotype, lateral view with venter, prosiphuncular side toward the right. Scale bar = 10 mm for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793488/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">22E–G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFB1FFB3FC6F7EA0FB8C7BAA" box="[953,1106,436,463]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="34.[188,231,1816,1842]" captionTargetBox="[189,1395,566,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-102@34.[189,1398,566,1776]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig. 23. Median sections of phragmocones of Svalbardoceras gen. nov., from Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A, C, E, G. Svalbardoceras sterna gen. et sp. nov., from bed PO 7.5. A, E. Specimen FMNH-P30371. B, D, F. Svalbardoceras skua gen. et sp. nov., from bed PO 123.3. B. Specimen FMNH-P30275. C, G. Specimen FMNH-P30368, holotype. D, F. Specimen FMNH-P30471, oblique sagittal section through siphuncle, distance from conch margin is cutting effect. Scale bars: A–D = 5 mm; E–G = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793492" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793492/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">23A, C, E, G</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB1FFB3FF6B7EE1FEE8786B" blockId="29.[189,310,501,527]" box="[189,310,501,527]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="8C1A81D6FFB1FFB3FF6B7EE1FEE8786B" bold="true" box="[189,310,501,527]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="3">
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB1FFB3FF6B7EE1FEE8786B" bold="true" box="[189,310,501,527]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB1FFB3FF6B7D30FAAC78AF" blockId="29.[189,1399,548,715]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Slightly curved longicones with compressed conch cross section; with shallow irregularly spaced undulations that are more pronounced in later growth stages and with fine, irregularly spaced, directly transverse imbricate growth lines which form a shallow hyponomic sinus at prosiphuncular side of the conch; thin marginal siphuncle with rSD ≈ 0.13, siphuncle positioned at concave side of conch curvature; septal necks orthochoantic to loxochoantic, connecting ring nearly tubular, weakly concave.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="9FF76531FFB1FFB3FF6B7DE6FD42793A" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB1FFB3FF6B7DE6FE9A7968" blockId="29.[189,324,754,780]" box="[189,324,754,780]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="8C1A81D6FFB1FFB3FF6B7DE6FE9A7968" bold="true" box="[189,324,754,780]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="3">
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB1FFB3FF6B7DE6FE9A7968" bold="true" box="[189,324,754,780]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Etymology</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB1FFB3FF6B7C35FD42793A" blockId="29.[188,1398,801,863]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Referring to the laridid genus 
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB1FFB3FDCE7C35FDBB795F" box="[536,613,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sterna</emphasis>
Linneaus, 1758, birds which were common companions during our field work at Profilstranda, Ny 
<collectingRegion id="1529F858FFB1FFB3FDF17C50FD46793A" box="[551,664,836,862]" country="Netherlands" name="Fryslan" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Friesland</collectingRegion>
.
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<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB1FFB3FF6B7C92FEB279FB" blockId="29.[189,364,901,928]" box="[189,364,901,928]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="8C1A81D6FFB1FFB3FF6B7C92FEB279FB" bold="true" box="[189,364,901,928]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="3">
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB1FFB3FF6B7C92FEB279FB" bold="true" box="[189,364,901,928]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type material</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB1FFB3FF3C7CA0FE267995" blockId="29.[189,504,948,1009]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<materialsCitation id="67853CE7FFB1FFB3FF3C7CA0FE267995" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421082316" collectionCode="FMNH-P" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="FMNH-P30368" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB1FFB3FF3C7CA0FE8279AA" bold="true" box="[234,348,948,974]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<typeStatus id="08568818FFB1FFB3FF3C7CA0FE8279AA" box="[234,348,948,974]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="C1EBFD33FFB1FFB3FF6B7CC3FEEF7995" box="[189,305,983,1009]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="generic">Specimen</specimenCount>
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB1FFB3FEEE7CC3FE2B7995" box="[312,501,983,1009]" collectionCode="FMNH-P" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">FMNH-P30368</specimenCode>
.
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<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB1FFB3FF3C7B0DFC997E86" blockId="29.[189,1399,1049,1251]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<materialsCitation id="67853CE7FFB1FFB3FF3C7B0DFC997E86" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421082302" collectionCode="P" elevation="4" location="two from bed PO 07" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="P30368, P30382, P30437, P30449, P30451, P30462, P30465, P30466, P30468, P30470, FMNH-P30169, FMNH-P30172" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB1FFB3FF3C7B0DFEB97E57" bold="true" box="[234,359,1049,1075]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<typeStatus id="08568818FFB1FFB3FF3C7B0DFEB97E57" box="[234,359,1049,1075]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="C1EBFD33FFB1FFB3FF6B7B28FE677E32" box="[189,441,1084,1110]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="generic">Forty-four specimens</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB1FFB3FE1F7B28FDFB7E32" box="[457,549,1084,1110]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P30368</specimenCode>
to 
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB1FFB3FD9D7B28FD767E32" box="[587,680,1084,1110]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P30382</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB1FFB3FD627B28FCD07E32" box="[692,782,1084,1110]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P30437</specimenCode>
to 
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB1FFB3FCE37B28FC4F7E32" box="[821,913,1084,1110]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P30449</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB1FFB3FC487B28FC297E33" box="[926,1015,1084,1111]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P30451</specimenCode>
hasta 
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB1FFB3FB927B28FB7E7E32" box="[1092,1184,1084,1110]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P30462</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB1FFB3FB7A7B28FAD77E33" box="[1196,1289,1084,1111]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P30465</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB1FFB3FAC37B28FAAC7E32" box="[1301,1394,1084,1110]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P30466</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB1FFB3FF687B4BFEC67E1D" box="[190,280,1119,1145]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P30468</specimenCode>
to 
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB1FFB3FEED7B4BFE477E1D" box="[315,409,1119,1145]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P30470</specimenCode>
; see Suppl. file 1 for list of specimens) from type locality, two from bed PO 07, fortytwo from bed PO 7.5, 4 m and 4.5 m above the base base of the Olenidsletta Member, Valhallfonna Formation, V1a trilobite zone, Blackhillsian, Floian. 
<specimenCount id="C1EBFD33FFB1FFB3FC8D7BB2FB437EDB" box="[859,1181,1189,1216]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="generic">Two additional specimens</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB1FFB3FB637BB1FAAC7EDB" box="[1205,1394,1189,1215]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">FMNH-P30169</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB1FFB3FF6B7BDDFEA97E87" box="[189,375,1225,1251]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">FMNH-P30172</specimenCode>
) from bed PO 7.5 are apical fragments.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB1FFB3FF6B7A1EFE257F40" blockId="29.[189,507,1290,1316]" box="[189,507,1290,1316]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="8C1A81D6FFB1FFB3FF6B7A1EFE257F40" bold="true" box="[189,507,1290,1316]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="3">
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB1FFB3FF6B7A1EFE257F40" bold="true" box="[189,507,1290,1316]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type locality and horizon</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB1FFB3FF6B7A2DFA937F12" blockId="29.[189,1399,1336,1398]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
From Profilstranda section, adjacent to Hinlopenstretet, Spitsbergen, from bed 
<collectionCode id="B1FCAE7FFFB1FFB3FB8C7A2DFBA17F37" box="[1114,1151,1337,1363]" country="Russia" name="Collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">PO</collectionCode>
7.5, 
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB1FFB3FB6D7A2CFB207F37" box="[1211,1278,1336,1363]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="4.5">4.5 m</quantity>
above the base of the Olenidsletta Member, Valhallfonna Formation, 
<collectionCode id="B1FCAE7FFFB1FFB3FCB87A48FC587F12" box="[878,902,1372,1398]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
1a trilobite zone, Blackhillsian, Floian.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="83926632FFB1FFB3FF6B786DFD467DBE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793474" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5793474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793474/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" startId="29.[189,232,1913,1939]" targetBox="[192,1371,1558,1867]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB1FFB3FF6B786DFD467DBE" blockId="29.[188,1399,1913,2010]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB1FFB3FF6B786DFEC47DF7" bold="true" box="[189,282,1913,1939]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 18.</emphasis>
Diagrams of relative conch width and angles of expansion of species of 
<taxonomicName id="10ED4D39FFB1FFB3FBB0786DFAD87DF7" authority="Kröger &amp; Pohle, 2021" authorityName="Kröger &amp; Pohle" authorityYear="2021" box="[1126,1286,1913,1939]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Rioceratidae" genus="Hinlopoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetrabranchia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB1FFB3FBB0786DFAD87DF7" box="[1126,1286,1913,1939]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hinlopoceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FEAA57D3FFB1FFB3FADB786DFAA97DF7" box="[1293,1399,1913,1939]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. See Supp. file 1 for details of measurements.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="9FF76531FFB2FFB1FF6B7E1CFC857B22" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB2FFB0FF6B7E1CFE907B46" blockId="30.[189,334,264,290]" box="[189,334,264,290]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<heading id="8C1A81D6FFB2FFB0FF6B7E1CFE907B46" bold="true" box="[189,334,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="3">
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB2FFB0FF6B7E1CFE907B46" bold="true" box="[189,334,264,290]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB2FFB0FF6B7E23FCD57BBA" blockId="30.[187,1399,311,478]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
The conchs are slightly curved with an angle of expansion of conch width &lt;ca 9° (mean angle of expansion = 6.7°, 1 
<superScript id="20989BF2FFB2FFB0FE4A7E4EFE797B0C" attach="none" box="[412,423,346,360]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">st</superScript>
–3 
<superScript id="20989BF2FFB2FFB0FE137E4DFE0D7B03" attach="left" box="[453,467,345,359]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">rd</superScript>
quantile: 5.7–7.8; n = 12), and of conch height &lt;12° (mean angle of expansion = 7°, 1 
<superScript id="20989BF2FFB2FFB0FF237E69FEDE7BEF" attach="right" box="[245,256,381,395]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">st</superScript>
–3 
<superScript id="20989BF2FFB2FFB0FECB7E69FEF57BEF" attach="left" box="[285,299,381,395]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">rd</superScript>
quantile: 6.6–9.3; n = 14). The conchs reach their largest angle of expansion in growth stages with conch heights of 
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB2FFB0FE117EB5FD997BDF" box="[455,583,417,443]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="10.0">10–17 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFB2FFB0FD8F7EB5FD6C7BDF" box="[601,690,417,443]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1913,1939]" captionTargetBox="[207,1390,1547,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-225@31.[189,1398,1534,1874]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 20.Diagrams of relative conch width and angles of expansion of species of Svalbardoceras gen. nov. from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. See Supp. file 1 for details of measurements." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793480/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
). The conch cross section is compressed with a mean rW = 0.89 (1 
<superScript id="20989BF2FFB2FFB0FEC67ED7FEC57BB5" attach="none" box="[272,283,451,465]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">st</superScript>
–3 
<superScript id="20989BF2FFB2FFB0FEEF7ED7FE997BB5" attach="left" box="[313,327,451,465]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">rd</superScript>
quantile: 0.86–0.92; n = 29) (
<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFB2FFB0FD707ED0FD207BBA" box="[678,766,452,478]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[189,232,1914,1940]" captionTargetBox="[206,1392,1493,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-314@32.[189,1398,1460,1876]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 21. Diagrams of relative chamber length and relative siphuncular diameter of species of Svalbardoceras gen. nov. from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. See Supp. file 1 for details of measurements." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793484/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB2FFB0FF6B7D11FC8678C8" blockId="30.[188,1399,517,685]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
The conch surface is ornamented with growth lines or growth bands and weak irregularly spaced annulations, which are more pronounced in specimens with conch height&gt; 
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB2FFB0FB807D3DFB717827" box="[1110,1199,553,579]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
. Annulation and ornamentation are slightly obliquely transverse, shifted toward aperture at antisiphuncular side and form a shallow hyponomic sinus at the prosiphuncular side. In some specimens, e.g., FMNH-P30379, the conch surface appears to be finely imbricated (
<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFB2FFB0FD367D86FC9578C8" box="[736,843,658,684]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1680,1706]" captionTargetBox="[192,1394,870,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-90@33.[189,1398,870,1643]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 22. Svalbardoceras gen. nov. from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A–D. Svalbardoceras skua gen. et sp. nov. from bed PO 123.3. A. Specimen FMNH-P30277, lateral view, venter, prosiphuncular side toward the right. B. Specimen FMNH-P30272, holotype, lateral view, venter, prosiphuncular side toward the left. C. Specimen FMNH-P30276, lateral view of adult (?), body chamber, with venter, prosiphuncular side toward the left. D. Specimen FMNH-P30263, lateral view of a fragmentary body chamber, with venter, prosiphuncular side toward the left. E–G. Svalbardoceras sterna gen. et sp. nov., from bed PO 7.5. E. Specimen FMNH-P30379. F. Specimen FMNH-P30373, lateral view with venter, prosiphuncular side toward the right. G. Specimen FMNH-P30368, holotype, lateral view with venter, prosiphuncular side toward the right. Scale bar = 10 mm for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793488/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 22E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB2FFB0FF6B7DC7FEB67950" blockId="30.[188,1398,723,820]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
The siphuncle is marginal, positioned at the concave side of the conch curvature with a mean rSD = 0.13 (1 
<superScript id="20989BF2FFB2FFB0FF037DE2FF3E7960" attach="none" box="[213,224,758,772]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">st</superScript>
–3 
<superScript id="20989BF2FFB2FFB0FF287DE2FED27960" attach="left" box="[254,268,758,772]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">rd</superScript>
quantile: 0.11–0.15; n = 4). The sutures are directly transverse with an rCL between 0.27 and 0.36 (
<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFB2FFB0FED47C0EFE847950" box="[258,346,794,820]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[189,232,1914,1940]" captionTargetBox="[206,1392,1493,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-314@32.[189,1398,1460,1876]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 21. Diagrams of relative chamber length and relative siphuncular diameter of species of Svalbardoceras gen. nov. from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. See Supp. file 1 for details of measurements." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793484/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB2FFB0FF6B7C4FFDFD79BB" blockId="30.[188,1400,859,991]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
The septal necks are loxochoanitic to orthochoanitic. The connecting ring is relatively thin and forms slightly concave segments, which can vary within 
<specimenCount id="C1EBFD33FFB2FFB0FCD17C6BFC7979FC" box="[775,935,894,921]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
from nearly tubular to slightly s-shaped (
<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFB2FFB0FF137CB6FE8879D8" box="[197,342,930,956]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="34.[188,231,1816,1842]" captionTargetBox="[189,1395,566,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-102@34.[189,1398,566,1776]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig. 23. Median sections of phragmocones of Svalbardoceras gen. nov., from Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A, C, E, G. Svalbardoceras sterna gen. et sp. nov., from bed PO 7.5. A, E. Specimen FMNH-P30371. B, D, F. Svalbardoceras skua gen. et sp. nov., from bed PO 123.3. B. Specimen FMNH-P30275. C, G. Specimen FMNH-P30368, holotype. D, F. Specimen FMNH-P30471, oblique sagittal section through siphuncle, distance from conch margin is cutting effect. Scale bars: A–D = 5 mm; E–G = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793492" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793492/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 23E–G</figureCitation>
). The largest known specimen is a fragment of a phragmocone, FMNH-P30446, with a maximum diameter of 
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB2FFB0FE1F7CD1FDC179BB" box="[457,543,965,991]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB2FFB0FF6B7B13FC537EC9" blockId="30.[188,1399,1030,1198]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Two specimens preserve the apical parts of the conch. In the apical 
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB2FFB0FC207B12FB8D7E45" box="[1014,1107,1030,1057]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
FMNH-P30169 reaches 
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB2FFB0FF6B7B3EFEC87E20" box="[189,278,1066,1092]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
in diameter; increasing to 
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB2FFB0FD9C7B3EFD7D7E20" box="[586,675,1066,1092]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
at a distance 
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB2FFB0FCE97B3EFC5C7E20" box="[831,898,1066,1092]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
from the apex, and then respectively 
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB2FFB0FAE27B3EFAA97E20" box="[1332,1399,1066,1092]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
at 
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB2FFB0FF017B59FEC47E03" box="[215,282,1101,1128]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
and 
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB2FFB0FE867B59FE4D7E03" box="[336,403,1101,1127]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
at 
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB2FFB0FE627B59FDD77E03" box="[436,521,1101,1127]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
. The conch has a slightly compressed cross section. The extreme ca 
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB2FFB0FACB7B59FAA87E03" box="[1309,1398,1101,1128]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
of the apex of specimen FMNH-P30169 was broken during preparation, is poorly preserved and the presence or absence of a cicatrix is not possible to determine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB2FFB0FF6B7BC0FE867E8A" blockId="30.[189,344,1236,1262]" box="[189,344,1236,1262]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<heading id="8C1A81D6FFB2FFB0FF6B7BC0FE867E8A" bold="true" box="[189,344,1236,1262]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="3">
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB2FFB0FF6B7BC0FE867E8A" bold="true" box="[189,344,1236,1262]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Comparison</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB2FFB0FF6B7A17FAA87F25" blockId="30.[188,1398,1283,1345]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="10ED4D39FFB2FFB0FF6B7A17FE1D7F79" authority="Kröger &amp; Pohle, 2021" authorityName="Kröger &amp; Pohle" authorityYear="2021" box="[189,451,1283,1309]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Rioceratidae" genus="Svalbardoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetrabranchia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sterna" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB2FFB0FF6B7A17FE1D7F79" box="[189,451,1283,1309]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Svalbardoceras sterna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FEAA57D3FFB2FFB0FE1C7A10FDA97F7A" box="[458,631,1284,1310]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="10ED4D39FFB2FFB0FCDB7A10FCBE7F79" authority="Kröger &amp; Pohle, 2021" authorityName="Kröger &amp; Pohle" authorityYear="2021" box="[781,864,1283,1310]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Rioceratidae" genus="Svalbardoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetrabranchia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="skua" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB2FFB0FCDB7A10FCBE7F79" box="[781,864,1283,1310]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. skua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FEAA57D3FFB2FFB0FCB07A10FBCD7F7A" box="[870,1043,1284,1310]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in having a compressed conch cross section. 
<taxonomicName id="10ED4D39FFB2FFB0FE887A32FDB87F24" authority="Kröger &amp; Pohle, 2021" authorityName="Kröger &amp; Pohle" authorityYear="2021" box="[350,614,1318,1344]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Rioceratidae" genus="Svalbardoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetrabranchia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sterna" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB2FFB0FE887A32FDB87F24" box="[350,614,1318,1344]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Svalbardoceras sterna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FEAA57D3FFB2FFB0FDBA7A33FCC67F25" box="[620,792,1319,1345]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="10ED4D39FFB2FFB0FC7C7A33FAAC7F25" authority="Kroger &amp; Evans" authorityName="Kroger &amp; Evans" box="[938,1394,1318,1345]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Baltoceratidae" genus="Bactroceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="morguesi">
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB2FFB0FC7C7A33FB727F24" box="[938,1196,1319,1344]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bactroceras morguesi</emphasis>
Kröger &amp; Evans
</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
<caption id="83926632FFB2FFB0FF6A79E0FE6B7D86" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793478" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5793478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793478/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" startId="30.[188,231,1780,1806]" targetBox="[189,1362,1400,1742]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB2FFB0FF6A79E0FE6B7D86" blockId="30.[188,1399,1780,2019]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB2FFB0FF6A79E0FEFF7D6A" bold="true" box="[188,289,1780,1806]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 19.</emphasis>
Details of the conch surface of rioceratid cephalopods from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. 
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB2FFB0FBDC7803FBC17D55" bold="true" box="[1034,1055,1815,1841]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">A</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="10ED4D39FFB2FFB0FBE4780CFAC97D56" authority="Kröger &amp; Pohle, 2021" authorityName="Kröger &amp; Pohle" authorityYear="2021" box="[1074,1303,1816,1842]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Rioceratidae" genus="Hinlopoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetrabranchia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="venti" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB2FFB0FBE4780CFAC97D56" box="[1074,1303,1816,1842]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Hinlopoceras venti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FEAA57D3FFB2FFB0FAF5780CFEC27D31" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, FMNH- P30262, from bed PO 07, lateral view with ventral, prosiphuncular side toward left. 
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB2FFB0FF68784AFF0E7D1C" bold="true" box="[190,208,1886,1912]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="10ED4D39FFB2FFB0FF08784AFDD67D1C" authority="Kröger &amp; Pohle, 2021" authorityName="Kröger &amp; Pohle" authorityYear="2021" box="[222,520,1886,1912]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Rioceratidae" genus="Hinlopoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetrabranchia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tempestatis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB2FFB0FF08784AFDD67D1C" box="[222,520,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Hinlopoceras tempestatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FEAA57D3FFB2FFB0FDD8784BFD607D1D" box="[526,702,1887,1913]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, FMNH-P30359, from bed PO 07, lateral view with ventral, prosiphuncular side toward right. 
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB2FFB0FD837895FDB67DFF" bold="true" box="[597,616,1921,1947]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="10ED4D39FFB2FFB0FDAF7895FCAE7DFF" authority="Kröger &amp; Pohle, 2021" authorityName="Kröger &amp; Pohle" authorityYear="2021" box="[633,880,1921,1947]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Rioceratidae" genus="Svalbardoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetrabranchia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="skua" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB2FFB0FDAF7895FCAE7DFF" box="[633,880,1921,1947]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Svalbardoceras skua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FEAA57D3FFB2FFB0FCAF7896FBEC7DF8" box="[889,1074,1922,1948]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, FMNH-P30408, from bed PO 123.3. 
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB2FFB0FE9678B1FE8B7DDB" bold="true" box="[320,341,1957,1983]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">D</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="10ED4D39FFB2FFB0FEB178B0FDAF7DDA" authority="Kröger &amp; Pohle, 2021" authorityName="Kröger &amp; Pohle" authorityYear="2021" box="[359,625,1956,1982]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Rioceratidae" genus="Svalbardoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetrabranchia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sterna" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB2FFB0FEB178B0FDAF7DDA" box="[359,625,1956,1982]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Svalbardoceras sterna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FEAA57D3FFB2FFB0FDAA78B1FCE97DDB" box="[636,823,1957,1983]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, FMNH-P30373, from bed PO 7.5. Scale bar = 5 mm for all figures.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB3FFB1FF6B7E1DFC857B22" blockId="31.[188,1399,265,327]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">2011 with respect to the angle of expansion and the slight conch curvature, but the latter differs in having a circular conch cross section and in not being annulated.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>