375 lines
45 KiB
XML
375 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document id="ED3BEDE30BA47A27B363937FBC5DA3C6" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45ecb6f3-ed53-4234-b551-8968439b38c2" ModsDocID="z01638p039" checkinTime="1247239625489" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Robert Schelly, Tetsumi Takahashi, Roger Bills & Michio Hori" docDate="2007" docId="ABDBA32DB28CC8F20BA8DF5235B82C28" docLanguage="en" docName="2007_Schelly_Takahashi_Bills_Hori_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1638" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D15D76E2-BE7D-493A-97B8-9987D599F86B" docTitle="Lepidiolamprologus mimicus Schelly, Takahashi, Bills & Hori, 2007, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="6DFD2075-538F-4FAB-B365-1B948BDE9169" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="15C25436F63A982C03F83CB600C4DBCF" masterDocTitle="The first case of aggressive mimicry among lamprologines in a new species of Lepidiolamprologus (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika." masterLastPageNumber="49" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1701314789792" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BD5B33564E3ADB0AC2FD3B2405CF2FFE">
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<mods:title id="EDC80BCFA7F328864E4FE1B08FD83989">The first case of aggressive mimicry among lamprologines in a new species of Lepidiolamprologus (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika.</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0B62F57490D7372F2F46ACA8258BF05B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="57EB8D828422A4D3AAE9F2575D8A5AB1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7802EF5746C71E62E55A40ABF28A600F">Robert Schelly</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="B59024C53FBE074547E18B7E1D201F7C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="51CE30BD4B3BB214C102C6A3A93C6887">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="436B476C7ECCF967A93B419E068EF27E">Tetsumi Takahashi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3DE8C92110B75EFF7FC95CB3A499439A" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="50AD5E76F279F9D01F01A9785C1658A8">
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<mods:roleTerm id="80DAAC8D6A17D3C8F771722438C7664C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BD9FF3C265D3066FCFCB12471D0B9EF4">Roger Bills</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="BB4108E039ECD4D22E4E630AE123B7DA" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="F6818D99AE607DA3D6856241F2677B9D">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E6525C5040F941968E65FF2018AC4E1E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="6E18D27D0625C35FEE24E252B29882A8">Michio Hori</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F6D50435A15977ED56511AC46BBCCA90">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="88A986BAE33FB1C20035487A3E204C20">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="1AFD22F777C59C104E125A0A5A512CB6">
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<mods:date id="017740B84B1830E82816495595FA9BE2">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A8E69906C8441E90919E9FDF4F6BD9CB" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A0E94C17079C7E5EA15384BE18C00270">1638</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="10E4AA15248C3F0E41321563F3B1C866">39</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="166F9A717126D38B833F6B2F4D18D23E">49</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="FEA657411B71FDD3F5CE1F81FEACF171">
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<mods:url id="0B01DE066BE107684CA636D371BC9061">http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D15D76E2-BE7D-493A-97B8-9987D599F86B</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="0F36273385CB91FDE6124BF4A3924EC0">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5CA3A857BD036BF793C25BE3FF03F0E1" type="Plazi-Custom">z01638p039</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="135A437C04707E33C57C65BAA9103AF9" type="ZooBank">D15D76E2-BE7D-493A-97B8-9987D599F86B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="ABDBA32DB28CC8F20BA8DF5235B82C28" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6240959" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100123219" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6240959" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6DFD2075-538F-4FAB-B365-1B948BDE9169" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ABDBA32DB28CC8F20BA8DF5235B82C28" lastPageNumber="47" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection id="D6ADEC3044DE479340C289B7FD090967" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E71E3D724446BCAB311F2A72BEB59153" pageNumber="40">
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||
<taxonomicName id="3BD05FB1771F0598490C323BA78C728A" ID-CoL="6P9N9" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimicus">Lepidiolamprologus mimicus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="2C51BBDC638F753198AD423CA3500CC3" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="844B1D7D537A0DB70F86B0E29B96F8C0" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="7E9B2B19818A5BFFDE4E0F106E33A3EB" pageNumber="40">Figs. 1-5, Table 1</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="DD28F98BDC52A8C93C18B2D5A84D54AB" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="FA9F5F490C7A75510BD78C8B52EF2C6B" pageNumber="40">
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||
<materialsCitation id="0E6C434BCC33A9A5FC6F5C2A8B9A2CE4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923892931" country="Zambia">
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<typeStatus id="71578794934EC4A22CA937773B7F54D3">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="E8E23D4B0DE801D5ECC20B929278CFFA" collectionName="SAIAB">SAIAB</collectionCode>
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41257, Chituta Bay,
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<collectingCountry id="9137FE77654F6785BDCD3F217DD1FF5F">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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, at Chituta Bay cliffs, at 10-15 m depth along the rocky slope,
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<date id="E2E1FC782784CBCFE61D836DAEE9D205" day="17" month="11" value="1992-11-17" year="1992">Nov. 17, 1992</date>
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, R Bills. (approximate coordinates: 08°
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<geoCoordinate id="CAEA380C2DA9AC379DD08FDF32A59D9F" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-43.82">43.82 S</geoCoordinate>
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, 31°
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<geoCoordinate id="4F14F57A3BC950B0B5ECEC2518C4BD2E" direction="east" orientation="longitude" value="9.41">09.41 E</geoCoordinate>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F2F9ECA3AB0A780D1F2ECB6E5E3CFC59" pageNumber="40">
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||
<materialsCitation id="EB23E1FE56EBFF198713DE19C7FB5A94" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923892939" country="Zambia">
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||
<typeStatus id="14389F620E7B442A34D0D053DBEC0824">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
:
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<collectionCode id="8F48AAC8360F96D8926DC671A9EF0F18" collectionName="SAIAB">SAIAB</collectionCode>
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58308 (n=l; cleared and stained), collected with holotype
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="926BB83D0D1489958966CB8B3E8D124F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923892928" country="Zambia">
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<collectionCode id="0C8FFB77E8BA7F96DDEE19451F087F5B" collectionName="FAKU">FAKU</collectionCode>
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95137 (male, 123.1 mm SL)
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="7F3F2B136296BF0EDD7100DAD6B08709" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923892930" country="Zambia">
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<collectionCode id="F8E989338EA6A0D2D81C70E0602579DD" collectionName="FAKU">FAKU</collectionCode>
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95138 (female, 121.7 mm SL), Kasenga,
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<collectingCountry id="871A2F6D2E693FCBC427E26813D8A637">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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, 14 m depth,
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<date id="3E7C400728F0218AF9C07935E899A581" day="07" month="11" value="2005-11-07" year="2005">7 Nov. 2005</date>
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, gill net, M. Hori
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="7DE91A655B346145F882D9A14306864A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923892933" country="Zambia">
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<collectionCode id="598FC7AB7DD2E252C388893BB0C5F855" collectionName="FAKU">FAKU</collectionCode>
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95139 (male, 159.7 mm SL), Kasenga,
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<collectingCountry id="5B2B14951D094F12A112EF1A2C95DFA2">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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, 13-16 m depth,
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<date id="04570D80E01DE94E4AB848DBC835F367" day="03" month="12" value="2005-12-03" year="2005">3 Dec. 2005</date>
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, gill net, M. Hori
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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<materialsCitation id="BFECD1A59D01710DDB3B295FD9174DFB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923892935" country="Zambia">
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<collectionCode id="2F77F293F559A6DB06E3563704F412B7" collectionName="FAKU">FAKU</collectionCode>
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95140 (male, 119.4 mm SL), Kasenga,
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<collectingCountry id="01C1D4CE79D42E826B7218BECB298ED0">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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, 2-15 m depth,
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<date id="BF72C6AE90D6D73D04AA57F667EB7A1A" day="30" month="10" value="1996-10-30" year="1996">30 Oct. 1996</date>
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, gill net, M. Hori
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3ABEC26B9D758E58126E100B2E523CCB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923892936" country="Zambia">
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||
<collectionCode id="8F2C105E23CF8148FD6EFC8FB6365F28" collectionName="FAKU">FAKU</collectionCode>
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95141 (male, 129.6 mm SL), Kasenga,
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<collectingCountry id="DE713E7DE7AB3438076B8A6D7ADE882C">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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, 15 m depth,
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<date id="375E21FF427D9207D411668EC784B022" day="12" month="12" value="1996-12-12" year="1996">12 Dec. 1996</date>
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, gill net, H. Ochi
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="53E0D83C2DAC3ABB17603E2D0EB16C33" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923892929" country="Zambia">
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||
<collectionCode id="1B15FBC2BE38956AF6AD85E5096977E3" collectionName="FAKU">FAKU</collectionCode>
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95142 (male, 76.9 mm SL), Kasenga,
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<collectingCountry id="147B82990EB26A93E9375C763B2AE18C">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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, 19 m depth,
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<date id="3929FABED4880BEE254DDE31B7C17EC2" day="01" month="11" value="1995-11-01" year="1995">1 Nov. 1995</date>
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, M. Hori
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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<materialsCitation id="D02019CF1D9F4EB1E70C7E2747F68DB6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923892934" country="Zambia">
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||
<collectionCode id="42B7D4F2F349DD461DAB3A044A03A882" collectionName="FAKU">FAKU</collectionCode>
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||
95143 (male, 101.7 mm SL), off Mtondwe Is.,
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<collectingCountry id="160D75E7DF8DA5754C62BD9CEAEC6F72">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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, depth unknown,
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<date id="769D625691BE6807ABE4CB34959E8F39" day="01" month="11" value="1995-11-01" year="1995">1 Nov. 1995</date>
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, gill net, M. Hori
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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<materialsCitation id="02DC8A481F6DAED5D9627D74B4EB0825" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923892940" country="Zambia">
|
||
<collectionCode id="C1F2B2E09EABAE52A037381D2554DB3A" collectionName="FAKU">FAKU</collectionCode>
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||
95144 (female, 133.6 mm SL), Kasenga,
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<collectingCountry id="7380123C16A0D786AB115C5FF3AD824A">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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||
, 14-19 m depth,
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<date id="A582F19103751F7C29BE15F34590D800" day="13" month="11" value="1995-11-13" year="1995">13 Nov. 1995</date>
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, gill net, M. Hori
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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<materialsCitation id="3D3D4A7CEA924128B889D5E488A654D9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923892938" country="Zambia">
|
||
<collectionCode id="6046947EBC357EBA1627500745C4C618" collectionName="FAKU">FAKU</collectionCode>
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95145 (male, 147.0 mm SL)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
,
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<materialsCitation id="EA9E37BAFF52A76E753A103034DCE3AE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923892941" country="Zambia">
|
||
<collectionCode id="DEDE59D904D666C9766CFC136EC26A0C" collectionName="FAKU">FAKU</collectionCode>
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95146 (female, 130.7 mm SL), Kasenge,
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<collectingCountry id="7D78FA2D9F2F224B181B56DED9C49CF8">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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||
, 15 m depth,
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<date id="F00E91FE1B30EA9A28941B832E165849" day="11" month="01" value="1994-01-11" year="1994">11 Jan. 1994</date>
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, gill net, M. Hori.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3FD6ADF3D4BE8EAA139416AA783401D4" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="65B31CC2877A5A3006D45FDC5C0BDF91" pageNumber="42">
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Differential diagnosis. From the
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<taxonomicName id="8EE9E4E576C87A629FDB93FEE7126875" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0F13D4E0-473C-499E-84BA-A9D9B43CBBF0" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Lepidiolamprologus Pellegrin 1904:(163) 295" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lepidiolamprologus</taxonomicName>
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sensu Poll (1986),
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<taxonomicName id="31886286446F9D5528D6AFD5803B111E" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimicus">Lepidiolamprologus mimicus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1D08FE274A1BD82DB7AEFCCA9F2B1D26" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
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is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CC1CB98611FFE22A1D07B3A7FE0DD15" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cunningtoni">L. cunningtoni</taxonomicName>
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by, among numerous other neurocranial and gill arch characters, possession of a sesamoid bone in the labial ligament, 2 pores at NLFO, and a color pattern based on three rows of irregular spots, whereas
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<taxonomicName id="1C4910DE5542EAA6B84DBF384FF0920D" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cunningtoni">L. cunningtoni</taxonomicName>
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lacks a labial ossification, has a single, coalesced NLFO pore, and a color pattern based on a series of faint bars. With the other five members of Poll ’s
|
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<taxonomicName id="BA969A14EFA8F3CA094FC4C66258CC23" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0F13D4E0-473C-499E-84BA-A9D9B43CBBF0" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Lepidiolamprologus Pellegrin 1904:(163) 295" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lepidiolamprologus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8FFFF39C6CAF9D723D9807D36DE5870" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimicus">L. mimicus</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="530B40F74086C9151AEA31B1620A13D6" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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shares a whole suite of neurocranial, gill arch, and coloration characters, but is still easily distinguishable. Of these species, it is unique in having bright yellow fins and very dark, large spots on the flanks, without additional small spots or a complex pattern of spots and worm lines on the head (as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C15615B733EC2C9C4E6BB01A2B33777" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nkambae">L. nkambae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FC8DD85D310026AF45A8661B21CF3E4" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kendalli">L. kendalli</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
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<taxonomicName id="02672D46D81F7406A717B9919BAB6FFA" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimicus">Lepidiolamprologus mimicus</taxonomicName>
|
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADF3ADB70AF190DC6895C012A92E807A" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is somewhat deeper-bodied than
|
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<taxonomicName id="391C9BC223DFB72B64BB6F8230B9AD4C" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nkambae">L. nkambae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
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<taxonomicName id="350B039F2AA05231E7E94B7CD1165982" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kendalli">L. kendalli</taxonomicName>
|
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, and
|
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<taxonomicName id="4F01CA48C2DC47694966ADDCE9C42302" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenuatus">L. attenuatus</taxonomicName>
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||
(BD 23.4-26.2% SL, vs. max 23.3% SL in
|
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<taxonomicName id="72C435DA12DF5DEC7D14D8835B96CEF0" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nkambae">L. nkambae</taxonomicName>
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), has a more elongate head than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AAE499EFF1579518C9873587DEDA57BF" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenuatus">L. attenuatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(HL 31.0-33.7% SL, vs. 28.2-30.5% SL in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DBD90CF1472E9F5A5F604ADD7C1AF207" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenuatus">L. attenuatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), has one more vertebra than both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6EB4B53D271F63BCF082673F4711CFD" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nkambae">L. nkambae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81F22DCCB74D3C9799BB47BE267013AC" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kendalli">L. kendalli</taxonomicName>
|
||
(34 vs. 33), and has a wider interorbital region (PvV 17.4-24.5% HL) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90EF577F8C23E40D5AE44BC1BC9D33D9" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nkambae">L. nkambae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(PvV 14.3-16.9% HL) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E720116CDAE4A9F46D3E080B2822FA4" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kendalli">L. kendalli</taxonomicName>
|
||
(PvV 14.3-17.8% HL). In addition, it usually has one more dorsal fin ray than both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFD805D8E83AC589FBC2C4F07D4E1ED8" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nkambae">L. nkambae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="325B97A842F54E4FE22FDA50E511C4EB" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kendalli">L. kendalli</taxonomicName>
|
||
(11 vs. 10). The longitudinal line scale count of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDF63F06FA4FC6F6998E8C03DB84A0B9" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimicus">L. mimicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8B210BF536700A792E4912D4DD6D9AF1" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is almost always higher (73-79) than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8591CE04AC13E6F161758B0AB8E6836" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenuatus">L. attenuatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FC86E0710B8E1AE62FA781D86831F3F0" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">L. elongatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(both 66-73),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E32DB75506B21D6E42A26084664268D7" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kendalli">L. kendalli</taxonomicName>
|
||
(67-70) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7F78DAFE8C61DC62BCF857F836FDAC2D" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="profundicola">L. profundicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
(66-74). Finally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6315AE54B4FEEF57AA8C7413C33760B3" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimicus">L. mimicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E4DD55D10D21CB242BBA497D30C647" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
generally has fewer gill rakers (10-12) on the first ceratobranchial than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CB81F0B8F034E500B2DDF91DF8010B41" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">L. elongatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(11-14) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13963A706C4D361264899B03719EE47F" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenuatus">L. attenuatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(13-15).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D20D4033A5946D3B8EE841BD1C678120" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0E08F05CE3AB4E7DD32F2A35512F02" pageNumber="43">Description. Counts and measurements for the holotype and 12 paratypes given in Table 1. An elongate, moderately shallow-bodied species (BD 23.4-26.2, mean 24.7% SL), with a large mouth and sleek form characteristic of an open-water piscivore. Greatest body depth at about base of fifth dorsal fin spine. Head length 31.0-33.7, mean 32.4% SL. Head profile slightly convex, rising smoothly to dorsal fin base.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D6D6F2365906DA6489E0C08C33A144DF" pageNumber="43">Fins. Dorsal fin XVIII 10-11, anal fin V 8-9. Spines in the dorsal fin increase gradually in length posteriorly until about the 7th spine, after which they remain constant. Anal fin spines gradually increase posteriorly through entire series. Dorsal and anal fins come to a point and terminate at about the end of the caudal peduncle; no rays are produced. Caudal fin large and emarginate, with 14 branched rays. Pectoral and pelvic fins short, terminating well ahead of anus. First ray in pelvic fin is longest.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B55FF291441C76C05457813C9F3D2734" pageNumber="43">Jaws and Teeth (Fig. 2). Lower jaw prognathous, with both outer and inner row teeth pointed unicuspids in both jaws. Single series of enlarged, recurved, procumbent caniniform teeth (8 premaxillary and 6 dentary) situated on anterior third of both jaws, with largest teeth furthest from symphysis. Posterior to large teeth single rows of slightly enlarged caniniform teeth run almost whole length of dentigerous arms of both dentary and premaxilla, outer row on premaxilla with 49-60 teeth. Small, caniniform inner teeth in five to nine irregular rows nearest symphysis, tapering to single row posteriorly and running most of length of dentigerous arms of premaxilla and dentary.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="71DB6DDCEE1594E5257599D45A8F7CC8" pageNumber="44">Gill rakers (Fig. 3a). Slender, elongate, and non-denticulate, with up to four subsidiary branches. Thirteen to 16 gill rakers along outer row of first gill arch. No rakers present on hypobranchial, 10-12 rakers along ceratobranchial, sometimes single raker in angle of arch, and 3-4 rakers on epibranchial.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B00600876140D9DFAA0BA0D56CFDE7F9" pageNumber="44">Lower pharyngeal jaw (Fig. 3c, d). Longer than wide, with slight interdigitation along ventral suture. About 24 teeth in posterior tooth row. All teeth slender and beveled or hooked.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B54DE6D275E95AC48D6B11B29AF5D9AD" pageNumber="44">Scales. Flank scales small, ctenoid, and regularly imbricating. Lateral line scales 73-79, with 51-67 in upper and 26-45 in lower lateral line branch. Considerable overlap (16-20 scales) between upper and lower branches of lateral line. Cheek usually naked, but 4-5 cheek scales observed in three of 13 individuals, small scales on belly and small, deeply embedded scales on chest. Opercle and subopercle heavily scaled. Caudal fin with scales extending more than half its length.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A3C4E4F5D2139863ACABEF5E588D5301" pageNumber="44">Vertebrae. 34; 16+18.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A4F3D54582400C2CE03A5743E3B5AAAC" pageNumber="44">Additional osteology (Figs. 3, 4). Infraorbital series comprised of broad, plate-like lachrymal with 6 large sensory canal pores, lacking infraorbitals adjacent to lachrymal. Dermosphenotic present. Labial ossification present. Single supraneural present. Supraoccipital crest well-developed and increasing in depth posteriorly, with sharply-angled posterior edge. No frontal ridge present, two distinct pores at NLF0. Frontal shelf welldeveloped and extending anteriorly beyond NLF2. Pre-orbital process of lateral ethmoid rotated posteromedially. Post-orbital process of sphenotic followed by a large, spoon-shaped wing. Frontal and ethmoidvomer continuous in profile, without abrupt drop-off</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A179414B984EFB4C98CD09B59303AB0E" pageNumber="45">Coloration. In life, background body color brownish-tan, with three broken white to silvery-blue stripes composed of irregular blotchy spots. Superimposed over this pattern are three rows of seven to nine large, dark-brown spots stretching from above opercle to caudal flexure. Large spots irregular, with intervening space between them horizontally about as large as the spots. Vertically, some spots merge together partially, though some are staggered irregularly resulting in misalignment between horizontal rows. Largest spots in lower row, which is superimposed over the lower branch of lateral line at about center of flank, while middle row of slightly smaller spots is superimposed over upper lateral line branch. Top row of spots sits along dorsal fin base, with spots stretching partially onto dorsal fin. Opercle with a patch of lavender and a black blotch posteriorly, belly white, eyes with bright yellow dorsal and ventral bordering. Bluish-white, thin line running below eye from lachrymal to whitish patch on cheek. All fins with bright yellow; dorsal, anal, and caudal fins with rows of large yellow maculae interspersed with small patches of white. Yellow maculae blend together vertically to form series of yellow bands. Pectoral fin pale yellow on the base. Preserved coloration a uniform, light yellow-tan with brown spots in pattern described above. No sexual dimorphism in coloration.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="627DAAC97D6A84F7CCA02CD1A6089DFF" pageNumber="45">Diet. Rocky littoral, open-water piscivore.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="39FD69BBE41620F0F202CED724481B43" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8EE34444874203390442ECF797B8AEC2" lastPageNumber="46" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Ecology and behavior. (Fig. 5). Ecology and behavior of the holotype and paratypes was not recorded. However, these aspects of the biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9FB259923791A02CFE8038BAFD6AB69" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimicus">Lepidiolamprologus mimicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="60B998D557259AC603426CD01A59BFC1" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
were studied at Kasenga from 1993 to 2006. Underwater observation during the period and analysis of stomach contents of samples revealed that this species was exclusively piscivorous and mainly preyed on young and sub-adults of cyprichromine cichlids. In the littoral region of Kasenga, four species of cyprichromine (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACBECCC56E5539DC04A130A1E6C213D" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cyprichromis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptosoma">Cyprichromis leptosoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EF8F25C5A2F235C2ACD93B20C786633C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:22E47CF2-5121-4FBB-A844-90458C87B9DD" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cyprichromis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cyprichromis zonatus Takahashi, Hori & Nakaya 2002:1029" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zonatus">C. zonatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D84C22362AA5CE4EBE386CABACCF4EB8" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cyprichromis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coloratus">C. coloratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="344A976A8B01A2263CF5BC7BA21B4FB6" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paracyprichromis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brieni">Paracyprichromis brieni</taxonomicName>
|
||
) form mixed-species schools composed of various subgroups of age or sex of each species in open water 1-4 m above the rocky substrate (Takahashi et al. 2002, 2006). Usually
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DBBBCB1E555CA21EBE21FE8CDF7D4D5A" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimicus">L. mimicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3E782F138B192C4D0ECDA4726C6901BE" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
stalked solitarily near or mingled in the school at a depth of 10 m or more, and attacked mainly young and juveniles of the school. At least 30-40 individual hunts were observed. When hunting, adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B924397BB784F9B4EED4D3BDB6C2673" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimicus">L. mimicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1EB465F67073467DB8804BBDA3770AB9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
changed their body coloration markedly from dark-brown to pale beige; their characteristic dark-brown spots disappeared and rows of fine silver dots on the flank faded, but the yellow anal fin and black dotted line at the tip of the dorsal fin remained. This coloration generally looked like that of female cyprichromines and specifically very much resembled that of female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50606FF0D7B65DE6D017A863A3C2686D" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paracyprichromis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brieni">Paracyprichromis brieni</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The degree of resemblance in coloration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05F74D14D4AABD71FBAB63649F3B8CA8" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimicus">L. mimicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9E9FEB19E893C5B6BCC8FC75BC902916" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
to its prey during hunting was greater in young and sub-adults than adults (Fig. 5-3, -4), and the predominant prey were young and juveniles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="19F62A269DBEF9E10B0984E957CE62FA" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paracyprichromis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brieni">Paracyprichromis brieni</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9597B20F62CBA9698BEEC14DB28BF4ED" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A31272C1-AB7A-4569-8A82-F7F514C73DA9" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cyprichromis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cyprichromis Scheuermann 1977:71" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cyprichromis</taxonomicName>
|
||
making up the balance. These phenomena indicate both that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7E7CD1870306CF11A5041F714FAD784E" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimicus">L. mimicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="132ECC4528D3DA09A55B85E507C52B67" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is highly specialized to forage on cyprichromine fishes and also that its coloration, especially during hunting, is a form of aggressive mimicry.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="13C53D1E97325655835841F122F2C943" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="BCC871100751A959EBD898F80569483C" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Mating and breeding of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69D4E048D73C57A19FA7C2553B88943D" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimicus">L. mimicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7D212A10F69688DD5C484EADF27799B1" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
have not been observed despite the long-term underwater survey from 1993 to 2006. However, on two occasions, pairs were observed roaming together for several days around the same area at a depth of 20-25 m. In both cases, the pairs were wandering around a boundary between rocky and sandy substrate, and sometimes inspected holes or crevices among boulders, but did little foraging.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="68D238C0BE6BBF0ECD1741AD2A6C3633" pageNumber="47">
|
||
After the pairs were caught by gill-net underwater, gentle pressure on their abdomens made the males eject semen and females eject mature eggs. These observations suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F7237297A119F5E741B963452F77E3E2" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimicus">L. mimicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2E631C8DDF469F6526E78D5225E53477" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is a monogamous species like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DC55419AEF2329C7E85FABFB73A7109" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">L. elongatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A00544E9819441ADD410DD172CBBF382" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenuatus">L. attenuatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and not a harem species like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A0E17F9056534C036A66BD8984910ECD" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="profundicola">L. profundicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
(for breeding habit of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3266962A454FC1B09FD86E6C4E769AB9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0F13D4E0-473C-499E-84BA-A9D9B43CBBF0" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Lepidiolamprologus Pellegrin 1904:(163) 295" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lepidiolamprologus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see Kuwamura 1997). It also seems that they breed in rather deep water (more than 30 m) beyond the reach of a diving survey. Mature males and females were usually caught with gill-nets in deep water from 20 m to 50 m depth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1F1063EBB0FFED0DC59692235D067889" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="65C1A4B0CAA4B786E770FC8C9893A53E" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Distribution. (Fig. 6). Zambian coast of Lake Tanganyika from Kasenga to Kapembwa. The west side of Chituta Bay, the type locality, is characterized by a steep rocky shore starting in the south at the west side of the mouth of the Lunzua River, with usually poor visibility (<10 m). From the river mouth, where the rocks run to about 5 m depth, the depth of the rocky slope increases steadily until the point at Kasenga village where it is approximately 50 m deep. Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8C85C17556CB7E9E40E573CE809AAE94" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimicus">Lepidiolamprologus mimicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7734F6CBDEEB6E225C8D95A928C29FB4" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
were collected as solitary individuals wandering across the steep sloped rocky habitat, comprised of large rocks and rock slabs (some several cubic meters). Other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EE23A3DBD1114981AD4E633BE79BA92" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0F13D4E0-473C-499E-84BA-A9D9B43CBBF0" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Lepidiolamprologus Pellegrin 1904:(163) 295" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lepidiolamprologus</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurring sympatrically in Chituta Bay are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C72083A8AEA026D91D044D0FE41D930C" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cunningtoni">L. cunningtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E1A5F87DB2DA7E651AE860F6EBA60B5" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kendalli">L. kendalli</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="747EEF397C5FE9ED9F5E4A5453649C51" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">L. elongatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BA43BC3093F71D84EAA536DCD1163E0E" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenuatus">L. attenuatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AD3903205CDB6417F479B5822436316B" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="profundicola">L. profundicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46765C18643E9A8ACDE96D7B50A0D3D4" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nkambae">L. nkambae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is absent. According to Konings (1988; page 188 and photo on page 121),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="338DE49777DB5111DE1F003CCF4C92F1" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimicus">Lepidiolamprologus mimicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E8A45090D640A537B7C317DE2C84FFAD" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
also occurs in central Tanzania.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="985987604E32F3203AA00BEEE3B2EAED" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E76B1C13A2492F8BEB0A1B405BD60FC" pageNumber="47">Etymology. The specific name, mimicus, is from the Latin, in reference to the specific feeding ecology involving imitative coloration described herein.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AA83DDA684BC179D456BACF1770198AC" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="77219D152376C376EE79960ED1D12B27" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Remarks.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B4744EEB45428822CAA0ABC3A99297F" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimicus">Lepidiolamprologus mimicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E244B0A72BA0289C784E5E0FB28AE4E3" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
exhibits all of the features that Poll (1986) used to characterize
|
||
<taxonomicName id="579CAFFFBECFCAF07BDB5D07B5DE7E90" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0F13D4E0-473C-499E-84BA-A9D9B43CBBF0" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Lepidiolamprologus Pellegrin 1904:(163) 295" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lepidiolamprologus</taxonomicName>
|
||
: a high number of ctenoid scales (>60) in the longitudinal line; more than 20 scales in the lower lateral line; dorsal fin formula XVII -XXI, 10-12; anal fin formula IV -V, 7-9; and large size (140-305 mm TL). In Poll ’s (1986) classification,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3BE83A379639BA6F7E29C9232B0947B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0F13D4E0-473C-499E-84BA-A9D9B43CBBF0" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Lepidiolamprologus Pellegrin 1904:(163) 295" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lepidiolamprologus</taxonomicName>
|
||
included the following elongate, predatory species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="96840DCA28F88ABDDB6985FB256B9FA3" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">L. elongatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AC8E9BBB8D527F234D81A6D567C4D921" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenuatus">L. attenuatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C6E6D57F98A12F9A54809567F53BAE5" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="profundicola">L. profundicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8A85F88D34C2E098D2D9A2578B8712F" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kendalli">L. kendalli</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B38A5EAE9D27737DCE90E09C1C58D1B3" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nkambae">L. nkambae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="51D085FA78F6B7B882B68E8309ADAD79" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cunningtoni">L. cunningtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
. To the exclusion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="592710C04F55F373A611AC3986269268" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cunningtoni">L. cunningtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="777682BE093469054AD666540CA75190" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimicus">L. mimicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="200BAC528875F0E0E7F3C1B3EA8BDF21" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and the remaining five species of Poll ’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B8D6FAB4CA5A245814BBB07774D6113" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0F13D4E0-473C-499E-84BA-A9D9B43CBBF0" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Lepidiolamprologus Pellegrin 1904:(163) 295" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lepidiolamprologus</taxonomicName>
|
||
all possess an ossification in the labial ligament, two distinct pores at NLF0, forked or stellate gill rakers, scales on the caudal fin to approximately 80% of caudal length, and three series of spots along the body, situated at the mid-line, upper lateral line, and dorsal fin base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="47CE6BE6F0C14D2CA65196CDB3B3818D" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Mimicry in its various forms is fairly widespread in marine fishes (Randall 2005; Moland et al. 2005). A common form is aggressive mimicry, in which a predatory species resembles a harmless species, allowing it to avoid detection when approaching prey (Wickler 1968). In addition to the numerous marine examples, several tropical freshwater characids, citharinids, and cichlids have been recognized as aggressive mimics (Sazima 2002). Within Lake Tanganyika, aggressive mimicry has been described in scale-eating perissodines (Yanagisawa et al. 1990; Hori & Watanabe 2000), but this is the first case observed in lamprologines. Interestingly, the abundant schools of brightly-colored Lake Tanganyika cyprichromines are subject to aggressive mimicry from two independent cichlid lineages. Color morphs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2468F329EF1B7A5983EF66C05D9E59F3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:08201678-C802-4CD5-97DB-45EBC48CE1D2" family="Cichlidae" genus="Perissodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Perissodus microlepis Boulenger 1898:496" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microlepis">Perissodus microlepis</taxonomicName>
|
||
with yellow anal fins insinuate themselves into schools of cyprichromines to feed on scales, while yellow-finned
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0934F0A75843E6B186CA09B7C5618BB4" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lepidiolamprologus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimicus">Lepidiolamprologus mimicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2391A39F6A16AEB54AD22B03F1B15BC1" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
blend into schools to pick off whole fish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |