327 lines
39 KiB
XML
327 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="48C1FC7EDF93D82D39A0B360C6042890" ID-CLB-Dataset="277843" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5369.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="48ea385d-2039-4ace-b1b0-cf3a2931233e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10144745" ID-ZooBank="B0A58448-FE3B-4F2A-B876-E6EE2D95A89F" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1700161493829" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Brunet, Bryan M. T., Raupach, Michael J., Rehage, Heinz-Otto, Havill, Nathan P. & Foottit, Robert G." docDate="2023" docId="038687EA427FFFDBF0F6B29AFA110AE3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5369.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5369 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5369.1.4/52230" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chermes sylvestris Hartig 1851" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="104" masterDocId="FFBFFF924270FFD4F061B363FF9C0D14" masterDocTitle="Discovery of the primary aphid (Hemiptera: Aphidomorpha) and scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) type specimens from the collection of Theodor Hartig (1805 - 1880)" masterLastPageNumber="116" masterPageNumber="89" pageNumber="104" updateTime="1700232352084" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="98E156358CB572B14D12514B52DCA052">Discovery of the primary aphid (Hemiptera: Aphidomorpha) and scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) type specimens from the collection of Theodor Hartig (1805 - 1880)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2EDE09E5F19659758DF6296031DF60C2">Brunet, Bryan M. T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="87F3B24B776278BFA1E93D789BA48560">Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K 1 A 06 C, & bryan. brunet @ agr. gc. ca; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5083 - 9662</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CB19448946D86E529633B5062C070F04" type="email">bryan.brunet@agr.gc.ca</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="FEF060DB7FC47CCDBE567884CDDB9768">Raupach, Michael J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B37BDE0EAB7272E1175C7180E732F59E">Sektion Hemiptera, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB - ZSM), Münchhausenstrasse 21, 81247 München, Germany. raupach @ snsb. de; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8299 - 6697</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B1163BD8B3A04691B22B7A5286786316" type="email">raupach@snsb.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="1DFDC5AA1E16D33745026A18BD1BE041">Rehage, Heinz-Otto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F95D85E31919E14C3831A9A1B992E6DE">LWL-Museum für Naturkunde mit Planetarium, Sentruper Strasse 285, 48161 Münster, Germany. https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0005 - 2193 - 2362</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4DB7175A010A07732726FCC1E167964B">Havill, Nathan P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F9495004BCF719F3B8A80AEE8CC63DF2">United States Department of Agriculture - Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 51 Mill Pond Road, Hamden, Connecticut</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="83365B7FF2D595A6725782564894346D">Foottit, Robert G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F6E77B5520CC2A249928D295C67DF4F2">Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K 1 A 06 C, & robert. foottit @ agr. gc. ca; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6957 - 2092</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="5B5FE2DCE1DA555050C9ADAD29161586">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C71837B281B93B23AD4C96B8D45FA9BF">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:start id="B34555FA46255BFD4CCB92CF29F2B404">89</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="78CC28936601A998F6D3A86EA8352A25">https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5369.1.4/52230</mods:url>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF0F6B29AFD870F00" authority="Hartig, 1851" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,539,505,532]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Chermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF0F6B29AFEEB0F00" bold="true" box="[151,375,505,532]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Chermes sylvestris</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D427FFFDBF11EB29AFD870F00" author="Hartig, T." box="[383,539,505,532]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" refId="ref17580" refString="Hartig, T. (1851) Vollstandige Naturgeschichte der Forstlichen Culturpflanzen Deutschlands. A. Forstner'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin, 580 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49844" type="book" year="1851">Hartig, 1851</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF243B299FD4F0F00" bold="true" box="[546,723,505,532]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">nomen nudum</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3356577427FFFDBF0F6B15DFB300F42" box="[151,1196,574,598]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9036FC427FFFDBF0F6B15DFB300F42" blockId="15.[151,1196,574,598]" box="[151,1196,574,598]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3F11D2427FFFDBF0F6B15DFB300F42" box="[151,1196,574,598]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8E10ED427FFFDBF0F6B15DFD9A0F42" author="Hartig, T." box="[151,518,574,598]" page="67" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" year="1851">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF0F6B15DFD9A0F42" authority="Hartig, 1851: 67" authorityName="Hartig" authorityPageNumber="67" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,518,574,598]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Chermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF0F6B15DFECA0F42" box="[151,342,574,598]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Chermes sylvestris</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D427FFFDBF13DB15DFD9A0F42" author="Hartig, T." box="[348,518,574,598]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" refId="ref17580" refString="Hartig, T. (1851) Vollstandige Naturgeschichte der Forstlichen Culturpflanzen Deutschlands. A. Forstner'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin, 580 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49844" type="book" year="1851">Hartig, 1851: 67</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF271B15DFD080F42" bold="true" box="[528,660,574,598]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
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<typeStatus id="5494885E427FFFDBF271B15DFD080F42" box="[528,660,574,598]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" type="syntype">SYNTYPES</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: 9 (208 [2.10]; no field numbers [3.13-3.15]),
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF40CB15CFB3B0F42" ID-CoL="6QPY" authorityName="L." box="[1133,1191,575,598]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF40CB15CFB3B0F42" box="[1133,1191,575,598]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Pinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3356577427FFFDBF0F6B1E7FA110AE3" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9036FC427FFFDBF0F6B1E7FC430E62" blockId="15.[151,1437,644,2039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF0F6B1E7FE800F8A" bold="true" box="[151,284,644,670]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Specimens.</emphasis>
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Following the “
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<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF1B1B1E6FD2F0F8A" box="[464,691,644,671]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF1B1B1E6FD0D0F8A" box="[464,657,644,671]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Coccus sylvestris</taxonomicName>
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m.
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</emphasis>
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” label, an unknown number of specimens covered in wax mounted
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<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF0F6B1CAFF400FD6" box="[151,220,681,706]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">in situ</emphasis>
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on a card-mounted pine twig, an unknown number of specimens covered in wax mounted
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<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF4BFB1CAFABF0FD6" box="[1246,1315,681,706]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">in situ</emphasis>
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on a card-mounted group of eight pine needle bundles, an unknown number of specimens covered in wax mounted
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<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF534B1AEFA000FF2" box="[1365,1436,717,742]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">in situ</emphasis>
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on a rectangular card at the bases of four pine needle bundles, an unknown number of immatures mounted on a rectangular card, and one pointed individual (208) collected on the
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<date id="FF91103C427FFFDBF31FB076FB840E3B" box="[894,1048,789,815]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" value="1833-05-12">May 12, 1833</date>
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from pine branches. Hartig’s notes indicate that it was a female laying eggs and associated with wax. He identified it as “
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF43EB05BFB5F0E46" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1119,1219,824,850]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Chermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF43EB05BFB5F0E46" box="[1119,1219,824,850]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Chermes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF4B2B05BFA820E46" ID-CoL="67TB4" box="[1235,1310,824,850]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Aspidiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abietis">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF4B2B05BFA820E46" box="[1235,1310,824,850]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">abietis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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?)” and has included a reference to a figure “19a” from an as yet unknown publication.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9036FC427FFFDBF0A6B0E3FCDD0966" blockId="15.[151,1437,644,2039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
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Also, beginning with the pin at the left of “
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<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF2DCB0E3FC2B0E8E" box="[701,951,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF2DCB0E3FC0E0E8E" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1851" box="[701,914,896,922]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Chermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Chermes sylvestris</taxonomicName>
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m.
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</emphasis>
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” label, an unknown number of specimens covered in wax mounted
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<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF1CEB0C6FE6E0EAA" box="[431,498,933,958]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">in situ</emphasis>
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on pine needles on 4 pins, with eight, four, eight, and two pine needles, respectively. We include the pin at the left of the label in this series since it is consistent with other specimens pinned in this series, whereas it is not consistent with Hartig’s
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF20CB08FFCB80912" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[621,804,1004,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Chermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abietis">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF20CB08FFCB80912" box="[621,804,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Chermes abietis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[=
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF32CB08FFC650912" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[845,1017,1004,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Adelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abietis">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF32CB08FFC650912" box="[845,1017,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Adelges abietis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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]
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D427FFFDBF46BB08FFB240913" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[1034,1208,1004,1031]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" refId="ref18265" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species; cum characteribus, differntiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
series in which it is placed. The “
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF14CB773FDBF093E" box="[301,547,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF14CB773FD9C093E" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1851" box="[301,512,1040,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Chermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Chermes sylvestris</taxonomicName>
|
||
m.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
” label reads “M[Mitte].7.1842 Forstg.” Possibly identifying the date of collection as mid-July, 1842 and the location as Forstgarten, Braunschweig,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338766C427FFFDBF3DBB756FBB8095B" box="[954,1060,1077,1103]" name="Germany" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
. No number labels are present to allow referral to Hartig’s notes for details on their collection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036FC427FFFDBF0A6B71EFBA40B7E" blockId="15.[151,1437,644,2039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF0A6B71EFEA70983" bold="true" box="[199,315,1149,1175]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D427FFFDBF100B71FFE610983" author="Hartig, T." box="[353,509,1148,1175]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" refId="ref17580" refString="Hartig, T. (1851) Vollstandige Naturgeschichte der Forstlichen Culturpflanzen Deutschlands. A. Forstner'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin, 580 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49844" type="book" year="1851">Hartig (1851)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, “
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF277B71FFC970982" box="[534,779,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF277B71FFD740982" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1851" box="[534,744,1148,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Chermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Chermes sylvestris</taxonomicName>
|
||
m.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
” is listed with several other scale insect and aphid species as sucking insects that are injurious to pine, but is the only species identified as having been recently observed. No taxonomic description or definition is provided, other than to say that it frequently occurred on three year old seedlings in Forstgarten, Braunschweig,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338766C427FFFDBF24BB78AFD080817" box="[554,660,1257,1283]" name="Germany" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Both
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D427FFFDBF2BAB78BFCEF0817" author="Hartig, T." box="[731,883,1256,1283]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" refId="ref17508" refString="Hartig, T. (1839) Jahresberichte uber die Fortschritte der Forstwissenschaft und forstlichen Naturkunde im Jahre 1836 und 1837 nebst Original-Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete dieser Wissenschaften. A. Forstner, Berlin, 646 pp." type="book" year="1839">Hartig (1839)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and (1841) are indicated as sources for this list of species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D427FFFDBF097B66FFE1C0833" author="Hartig, T." box="[246,384,1292,1319]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" refId="ref17580" refString="Hartig, T. (1851) Vollstandige Naturgeschichte der Forstlichen Culturpflanzen Deutschlands. A. Forstner'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin, 580 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49844" type="book" year="1851">Hartig 1851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pg. 69). However, neither of these publications refer to “
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF460B66FFB690832" box="[1025,1269,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF460B66FFB4F0832" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1851" box="[1025,1235,1292,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Chermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Chermes sylvestris</taxonomicName>
|
||
m.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
” directly.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D427FFFDBF508B66EFE99085F" author="Hartig, T." pageId="15" pageNumber="104" refId="ref17508" refString="Hartig, T. (1839) Jahresberichte uber die Fortschritte der Forstwissenschaft und forstlichen Naturkunde im Jahre 1836 und 1837 nebst Original-Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete dieser Wissenschaften. A. Forstner, Berlin, 646 pp." type="book" year="1839">Hartig (1839)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF1DEB652FDAC085E" box="[447,560,1328,1355]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strobus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF1DEB652FDAC085E" box="[447,560,1328,1355]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">C. strobus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and another related species on young pine trees may be distinct from the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF0F6B636FF6D087B" box="[151,241,1365,1391]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF0F6B636FF71087B" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,237,1365,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Coccus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
For the latter, he provided the tentative name “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF29FB636FCD6087A" baseAuthorityName="Eastop & Hille Ris Lambers" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[766,842,1365,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Cinara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF29FB636FCD6087A" box="[766,842,1365,1391]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">C. pini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
?” and a brief description of the shape of its body and tibia relative to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF127B61AFE2B0886" box="[326,439,1400,1427]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strobus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF127B61AFE2B0886" box="[326,439,1400,1427]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">C. strobus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is unclear whether the reference to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D427FFFDBF303B61BFC660887" author="Hartig, T." box="[866,1018,1400,1427]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" refId="ref17508" refString="Hartig, T. (1839) Jahresberichte uber die Fortschritte der Forstwissenschaft und forstlichen Naturkunde im Jahre 1836 und 1837 nebst Original-Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete dieser Wissenschaften. A. Forstner, Berlin, 646 pp." type="book" year="1839">Hartig (1839)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D427FFFDBF47CB61BFB290887" author="Hartig, T." box="[1053,1205,1400,1427]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" refId="ref17580" refString="Hartig, T. (1851) Vollstandige Naturgeschichte der Forstlichen Culturpflanzen Deutschlands. A. Forstner'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin, 580 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49844" type="book" year="1851">Hartig (1851)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
should be viewed as a proper indication, as the citation itself was attributed to his list of sucking insects and not specifically to the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF0F6B6A2FEBC08CE" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,288,1472,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Chermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF0F6B6A2FEBC08CE" box="[151,288,1472,1499]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">C. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nor can it be determined whether “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF2A0B6A2FC9308CE" baseAuthorityName="Eastop & Hille Ris Lambers" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[705,783,1473,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Cinara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF2A0B6A2FC9308CE" box="[705,783,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">C. pini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
?” was among the taxa being referred to in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D427FFFDBF49AB6A3FA0408CF" author="Hartig, T." box="[1275,1432,1472,1499]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" refId="ref17508" refString="Hartig, T. (1839) Jahresberichte uber die Fortschritte der Forstwissenschaft und forstlichen Naturkunde im Jahre 1836 und 1837 nebst Original-Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete dieser Wissenschaften. A. Forstner, Berlin, 646 pp." type="book" year="1839">Hartig (1839)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Nevertheless, we believe that both his “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF232B686FD0308EA" baseAuthorityName="Eastop & Hille Ris Lambers" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[595,671,1509,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Cinara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF232B686FD0308EA" box="[595,671,1509,1535]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">C. pini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
?” and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF28FB686FCEA08EA" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1851" box="[750,886,1508,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Chermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF28FB686FCEA08EA" box="[750,886,1508,1535]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">C. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are probably the same species now treated under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF163B56AFDBA0B37" authority="(Goeze, 1778)" baseAuthorityName="Goeze" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[258,550,1545,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF163B56AFE1D0B36" box="[258,385,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Pineus pini</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D427FFFDBF1EFB56AFD820B37" author="Goeze, J. A. E." box="[398,542,1545,1571]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" refId="ref17431" refString="Goeze, J. A. E. (1778) Entomologische Beytrage zu des Ritter Linne, Zwolften Ausgabe des Natursystems. Zweiter Theil. Weidmanns Erben und Reich, Leipzig, 352 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 45974" type="book" year="1778">Goeze, 1778</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see the discussion below). Thus, since no description, definition, or indication, is provided for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF120B54EFE560B52" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1851" box="[321,458,1580,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Chermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF120B54EFE560B52" box="[321,458,1580,1607]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">C. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the name is unavailable and should be treated as a
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF466B54EFB380B52" box="[1031,1188,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">nomen nudum</emphasis>
|
||
(Article 12.1). We are not aware of any mention of the name “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF235B532FC890B7E" box="[596,789,1616,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF235B532FC890B7E" box="[596,789,1616,1643]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Coccus sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” in Hartig’s publications.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036FC427FFFDBF0A6B516FA110AE3" blockId="15.[151,1437,644,2039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
|
||
We suspect that the specimens labelled “
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF2F0B516FCEB0B9A" box="[657,887,1652,1679]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF2F0B516FCCF0B9A" box="[657,851,1652,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Coccus sylvestris</taxonomicName>
|
||
m.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
” and “
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF3A6B517FB210B9A" box="[967,1213,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF3A6B517FB060B9A" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1851" box="[967,1178,1652,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Chermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Chermes sylvestris</taxonomicName>
|
||
m.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
” in Hartig’s collection are likely different forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF26FB5FAFDCB0BA6" baseAuthorityName="Goeze" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[526,599,1689,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF26FB5FAFDCB0BA6" box="[526,599,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">P. pini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF21FB5FAFC600BA7" authority="(Dreyfus, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Dreyfus" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[638,1020,1688,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF21FB5FAFCA10BA6" box="[638,829,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Pineus orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D427FFFDBF32CB5FBFC680BA7" author="Dreyfus, L." box="[845,1012,1688,1715]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" pagination="65 - 91" refId="ref16647" refString="Dreyfus, L. (1888) 3. Neue Beobachtungen bei den Gattungen Chermes L. und Phylloxera Boyer de Fonsc. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 12, 65 - 91." type="journal article" year="1888">Dreyfus, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF468B5FAFB140BA6" baseAuthorityName="Goeze" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[1033,1160,1689,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF468B5FAFB140BA6" box="[1033,1160,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Pineus pini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF4A1B5FAFAD40BA6" baseAuthorityName="Dreyfus" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1216,1352,1688,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF4A1B5FAFAD40BA6" box="[1216,1352,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">P. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belong to a species complex with generations on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF20CB5DEFD310BC2" box="[621,685,1725,1750]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF20CB5DEFD310BC2" box="[621,685,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Pinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that cannot be distinguished morphologically, the difference being that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF0A8B582FE8D0BEE" baseAuthorityName="Goeze" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[201,273,1761,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF0A8B582FE8D0BEE" box="[201,273,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">P. pini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is anholocyclic on pine (most commonly on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF371B582FC230BEE" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[784,959,1760,1786]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF371B582FC230BEE" box="[784,959,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Pinus sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Europe) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF416B582FB620BEE" baseAuthorityName="Dreyfus" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1143,1278,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF416B582FB620BEE" box="[1143,1278,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">P. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is holocyclic, alternating between pine and spruce (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D427FFFDBF227B467FCEA0A0B" author="Blackman, R. L. & Eastop, V. F." box="[582,886,1796,1823]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" refId="ref15699" refString="Blackman, R. L. & Eastop, V. F. (2023) Aphids on the world's plants. An online identification and information guide. Available from: http: // www. aphidsonworldsplants. info / (accessed 14 August 2023)" type="url" year="2023">Blackman & Eastop 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF3A1B466FB940A0A" box="[960,1032,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
specimens in both locations in the box are settled on what is very likely
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF227B44AFD610A56" box="[582,765,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF227B44AFD650A56" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[582,761,1832,1858]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Pinus sylvestris</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the common 2-needle pine in central Europe. Therefore, it is likely that the specimens labelled “
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF25DB42EFC860A72" box="[572,794,1868,1895]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF25DB42EFD620A72" box="[572,766,1868,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Coccus sylvestris</taxonomicName>
|
||
m
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.” are the wingless exules that settle on the bark and base of needle bundles, and the specimens labelled “
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF2CAB413FC3C0A9E" box="[683,928,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF2CAB413FCE10A9E" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1851" box="[683,893,1904,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Chermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Chermes sylvestris</taxonomicName>
|
||
m.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
” are the winged form that can originate from pine or spruce that settle on the needles. Host alternation between pine and spruce in this species complex was not confirmed until later (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D427FFFDBF1E8B4DBFDB50AC7" author="Marchal, P." box="[393,553,1976,2003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" pagination="153 - 385" refId="ref18439" refString="Marchal, P. (1913) Contribution a l'etude de la biologie des Chermes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie et Biologie Animale, 18, 153 - 385." type="journal article" year="1913">Marchal 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and would not have been known to Hartig.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D427FFFDBF479B4DBFB5D0AC7" author="Annand, P. N." box="[1048,1217,1976,2003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" refId="ref15579" refString="Annand, P. N. (1928) A Contribution Toward a Monograph of the Adelginae (Phylloxeridae) of North America. Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, California, 146 pp." type="book" year="1928">Annand (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F427FFFDBF0F6B4BEFE6B0AE3" authority="Annand, 1928" authorityName="Annand" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,503,2012,2039]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE427FFFDBF0F6B4BEFECE0AE2" box="[151,338,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Pineus sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D427FFFDBF139B4BFFE6B0AE3" author="Annand, P. N." box="[344,503,2012,2039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" refId="ref15579" refString="Annand, P. N. (1928) A Contribution Toward a Monograph of the Adelginae (Phylloxeridae) of North America. Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, California, 146 pp." type="book" year="1928">Annand, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
apparently without knowledge of Hartig’s previous mention of this species name.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |