300 lines
30 KiB
XML
300 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="9CF57490670F6679293A317D71C87D00" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3931.2.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="29836c8f-6080-4ede-ae36-874c56c9c9ec" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="243776" ID-ZooBank="63593D6A-D6D2-425A-8607-B3AB08CD9471" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461010457856" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sáfián, Szabolcs, Collins, Steve C. & Libert, Michel" docDate="2015" docId="03EA87C57A58FFB7FF2DFD22FEBA0273" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03931p292.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3931 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Geritola pacifica Sáfián, Collins & Libert, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="EE4BDE87-1EE9-4A73-9199-C1DA4C2610D2" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="288" masterDocId="FFD3FFBD7A59FFB5FFBAFFAEFFD8004F" masterDocTitle="Two new species in the genus Geritola Libert, 1999 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Epitolini)" masterLastPageNumber="292" masterPageNumber="286" pageNumber="287" updateTime="1698566666051" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="9737F96EA8F35D8CD867B9DD8890417C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1AA92D3BB6FAEA391631AEAEA2C16AB1">
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<mods:title id="BE18E2B20A528A1ADBEC3774B124B3F3">Two new species in the genus Geritola Libert, 1999 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Epitolini)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="EE58875263D8DA8FF9FA53986116B73C" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="5D8280199D093ACA9DC5778D8A9D19CF">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2FA29722DD383ED1A2D47B8260ACA924">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0E0EBD12B93E362400D52AA8D380E3F0">Sáfián, Szabolcs</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="85C11B5F912BED0757A0E041F62A534E" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="787236EFB49CFB8DF177460A81A1C873">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F34DAC9773CB69EC931775B0C0EF0B67">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7168E36B487C2DB3186375634B63C79F">Collins, Steve C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="6B81EB04AF4F07F22BA945C0F2D08B93" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="19859E0D1F2A98695CD47D933543808D">
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<mods:roleTerm id="75ED0BCAC9B90E477D18BE3852B8185B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E6071D76753ABB196AD4219AE0BE4E9F">Libert, Michel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="659C6691CD14F0E668C42110570E43E3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="B79A1191FBEF00AAB2C35AA29984E8B6" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E8B1E4863F4AE29E41AA0871F4FC2765">
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<mods:title id="64076BA369C00DF99716F43C5E077B2D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="F57371C0F68A4A2EF91C2F60017E2BE8">
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<mods:date id="57E3114465E1CFC7BD3FDDB060577595">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="59D7D20B1746E3582124F0054150BB44" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="35287B3ABBEE3139B6D5C17BBC55853A">3931</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="72707A13C8C094FD99A4289A84A87267" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="93CB013704A6A3D277E6B3F4603B756B">2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="CDDD4DF56D30453FFD2577FA6BC5ADDC" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="493BD37F30B5E1F54F830A076475EE7F">286</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="C1AA66366A7A34A1225D02DDB159899A">292</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="DBE0E369A29594EC577FA9274FD44CAA">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="35A33C1BD07CA930476532AE17BEAD10" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3931.2.8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="07863BD1C48BC77190616153050A078A" type="GBIF-Dataset">29836c8f-6080-4ede-ae36-874c56c9c9ec</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2A98DE6569EDF2B1BBA61F0856037C7E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="77BE8A6347A94DB81E89224856876382" type="Zenodo-Dep">243776</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C19C0F7304CE10CC1D7A92DBA1CE888D" type="ZooBank">63593D6A-D6D2-425A-8607-B3AB08CD9471</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03EA87C57A58FFB7FF2DFD22FEBA0273" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6098646" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119599997" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6098646" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EE4BDE87-1EE9-4A73-9199-C1DA4C2610D2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87C57A58FFB7FF2DFD22FEBA0273" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="288" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">
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<subSubSection id="C35965587A58FFB4FF2DFD22FEB10288" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36D37A58FFB4FF2DFD22FDA002E9" blockId="1.[151,632,652,711]" box="[151,632,652,678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">
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<heading id="D0B481BF7A58FFB4FF2DFD22FDA002E9" bold="true" box="[151,632,652,678]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FF2DFD22FDA002E9" bold="true" box="[151,632,652,678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D507A58FFB4FF2DFD22FEB902E9" box="[151,353,652,678]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Geritola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FF2DFD22FEB902E9" bold="true" box="[151,353,652,678]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Geritola pacifica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457BA7A58FFB4FED3FD22FE7302E9" box="[361,427,652,678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Sáfián & Libert
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFC36D37A58FFB4FF2DFD00FEB10288" blockId="1.[151,632,652,711]" box="[151,361,686,711]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13782A567A58FFB4FF25FD00FF340288" box="[159,236,686,711]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[174,1412,223,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Geritola pacifica male upperside (A) and underside (B) (holotype), G. nitidica male upperside (C) and underside (D) (holotype, Ebogo, Central Cameroon) and G. w a rd i male upperside (E) and underside (F) (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243777/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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A, B, 3 A)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35965587A58FFB4FF2DFD59FBB403D1" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36D37A58FFB4FF2DFD59FD680319" blockId="1.[151,1437,758,2030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">
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||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FF2DFD59FED30340" bold="true" box="[151,267,759,783]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">
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||
<typeStatus id="54F888717A58FFB4FF2DFD59FEDE0340" box="[151,262,759,783]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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♂
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<collectingCountry id="F35476437A58FFB4FE8EFD58FE500340" box="[308,392,758,783]" name="Liberia" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Liberia</collectingCountry>
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, Camp Alpha, Gola National Forest
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<date id="FFFD10137A58FFB4FC88FD58FC180340" box="[818,960,758,783]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" value="2011-02-06" valueMax="2011-02-10" valueMin="2011-02-06">6-10.II.2011</date>
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. Leg. Sáfián, Sz. Gen. prep.:
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<collectionCode id="ED52AE167A58FFB4FAA0FD59FA8E0340" box="[1306,1366,759,783]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">SAFI</collectionCode>
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00072 (deposited in the
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<collectionCode id="ED52AE167A58FFB4FEC2FCB5FE63037C" box="[376,443,795,819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">ABRI</collectionCode>
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collection, genitalia stored in micro-vial and pinned to specimen) Coordinates:
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7750147A58FFB4FF2DFC91FEFC0318" box="[151,292,831,855]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" precision="1" value="7.5347056">7°32'4.94"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7750147A58FFB4FE8AFC90FE060318" box="[304,478,830,855]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" precision="1" value="-10.689058">10°41'20.61"W</geoCoordinate>
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. Elevation:
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<specimenCount id="9D45FD5A7A58FFB4FDD8FC91FD680319" box="[610,688,831,855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" type="generic">
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||
<quantity id="4CBB9B367A58FFB4FDD8FC91FD740319" box="[610,684,831,855]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4799999999999995" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" unit="m" value="348.0">348 m</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BFC36D37A58FFB4FF7DFCCDFBB403D1" blockId="1.[151,1437,758,2030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">
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<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FF7DFCCDFEE30334" bold="true" box="[199,315,867,891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">
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||
<typeStatus id="54F888717A58FFB4FF7DFCCDFEEE0334" box="[199,310,867,891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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||
.
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</emphasis>
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♂
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<collectingCountry id="F35476437A58FFB4FEE7FCCCFE690334" box="[349,433,866,891]" name="Liberia" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Liberia</collectingCountry>
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, Gambo Trail, Sapo National Park
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<date id="FFFD10137A58FFB4FC82FCCCFC380334" box="[824,992,866,891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" value="2012-11-15" valueMax="2012-11-18" valueMin="2012-11-15">15-18.XI.2012</date>
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. Leg. Sáfián, Sz., Tropek, R. (deposited in Sáfián’s reference collection) Coordinates:
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7750147A58FFB4FD23FC28FCC803D0" box="[665,784,902,927]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" precision="15" value="5.536667">5°32'12"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7750147A58FFB4FCA7FC28FC4203D0" box="[797,922,902,927]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" precision="15" value="-8.347777">8°20'52"W</geoCoordinate>
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. Elevation:
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<specimenCount id="9D45FD5A7A58FFB4FBA4FC29FBB403D1" box="[1054,1132,903,927]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" type="generic">
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||
<quantity id="4CBB9B367A58FFB4FBA4FC29FBB003D1" box="[1054,1128,903,927]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.34" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" unit="m" value="234.0">234 m</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35965587A58FFB4FF7DFC04FD48067A" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BFC36D37A58FFB4FF7DFC04FE8A0577" blockId="1.[151,1437,758,2030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">
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<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FF7DFC04FDC8038C" bold="true" box="[199,528,938,963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">
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Description of the
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<typeStatus id="54F888717A58FFB4FE18FC05FDD3038C" box="[418,523,939,963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Forewing length:
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<quantity id="4CBB9B367A58FFB4FD67FC05FCF6038D" box="[733,814,939,963]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
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. Antenna:
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<quantity id="4CBB9B367A58FFB4FC1CFC05FC32038D" box="[934,1002,939,963]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
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. Approximately half of the forewing is deep iridescent blue, covering most of spaces
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<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FD2EFC60FD1903A9" box="[660,705,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">2dA</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FD75FC61FD2003A4" box="[719,760,975,1003]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Cu2</emphasis>
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and the discoidal cell, slightly less in spaces
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<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FB56FC61FACD03A4" box="[1260,1301,975,1003]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Cu1</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FA98FC61FA9903A4" box="[1314,1345,975,1003]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">M3</emphasis>
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||
and
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<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FACCFC61FA4403A9" box="[1398,1436,975,1003]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">M2.</emphasis>
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The blue area broadens evenly on its outer margin from vein
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<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FCFDFC5BFCA40442" box="[839,892,1013,1037]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">2dA.</emphasis>
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The outer margin of the blue patch is broken up by strong black scaling along veins
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<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FD8AFBB7FD84047E" box="[560,604,1049,1073]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">2dA</emphasis>
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||
,
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||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FDD6FBB4FD4C0479" box="[620,660,1050,1078]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Cu2</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FD1EFBB4FD140479" box="[676,716,1050,1078]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Cu1</emphasis>
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||
,
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||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FD61FBB4FD230479" box="[731,763,1050,1078]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">M3</emphasis>
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||
, forming lobes or “fingers” of blue, with rather narrow but rounded tips. The depth of these lobes reaches
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B367A58FFB4FD0DFBEEFD230417" box="[695,763,1088,1112]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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||
along veins
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<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FC2AFBEEFC610412" box="[912,953,1088,1117]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Cu2</emphasis>
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||
,
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||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FC73FBEEFC2A0412" box="[969,1010,1088,1117]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Cu1</emphasis>
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||
and
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<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FB97FBEFFB940412" box="[1069,1100,1089,1117]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">M3</emphasis>
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||
, while it is visibly shallower along vein
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<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FEAEFBC9FE900430" box="[276,328,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">2dA.</emphasis>
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The forewing apex is narrow, rather acute. The length of the swollen section of vein
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||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FABCFBC9FAEA0430" box="[1286,1330,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">2dA</emphasis>
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||
is longer than half of the vein,
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||
<quantity id="4CBB9B367A58FFB4FE29FB25FE3304EC" box="[403,491,1163,1188]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
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||
on the
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<typeStatus id="54F888717A58FFB4FDFCFB25FD7404EB" box="[582,684,1163,1188]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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. The hindwing upperside is mostly shiny deep blue, leaving only spaces
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<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FF50FB1EFED20483" box="[234,266,1200,1228]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">M1</emphasis>
|
||
,
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||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FEA1FB1EFEEA0483" box="[283,306,1200,1228]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">R s</emphasis>
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||
and
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||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FED5FB01FE6D0483" box="[367,437,1199,1228]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Sc+R1</emphasis>
|
||
without blue scaling. The hindwing has a
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B367A58FFB4FC11FB01FC370488" box="[939,1007,1199,1223]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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||
black margin, broadening to a black triangular area of
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B367A58FFB4FEDEFB7BFE6504A1" box="[356,445,1237,1262]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
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||
in space
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||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FD91FB79FD9204BC" box="[555,586,1239,1267]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">M2</emphasis>
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||
. The underside is dirty white, with a very fine grey marginal line on both wings and an almost invisible shade of a zigzagging submarginal line on the forewing, which is characteristic of the
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D507A58FFB4FF2DFA8FFF2E0576" box="[151,246,1313,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Geritola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FF2DFA8FFF2E0576" box="[151,246,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Geritola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
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pattern.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BFC36D37A58FFB4FF7DFAEAFD48067A" blockId="1.[151,1437,758,2030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FF7DFAEAFEE40512" bold="true" box="[199,316,1348,1373]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Genitalia.</emphasis>
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The general appearance of the genitalia is similar to other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D507A58FFB4FC61FAEBFBE20512" box="[987,1082,1349,1373]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Geritola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FC61FAEBFBE20512" box="[987,1082,1349,1373]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Geritola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The uncus is blunt, hood-like, without any projections. It is densely covered with fine hairs. The valvae are uniformly broad with even, gently curving edges; they are also without any projections, apart from a prolonged lobe on the tips, which taper downwards. The tip of the lobe is evenly rounded. The aedeagus has a narrow spear-like tip, it broadens significantly towards the middle-section, gently curving on the dorsal side, but rather flatter on the ventral side. It narrows down again, sharply towards its opposite (basal) end, with a very characteristic undulating edge on the ventral side, which ends in a hook-like tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35965587A58FFB4FF7DF9EEFEA007CD" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36D37A58FFB4FF7DF9EEFEA007CD" blockId="1.[151,1437,758,2030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FF7DF9EEFE990616" bold="true" box="[199,321,1600,1625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D507A58FFB4FEF2F9EFFE190616" box="[328,449,1601,1625]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Geritola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FEF2F9EFFE190616" box="[328,449,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">G. pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is closest to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D507A58FFB4FDE8F9EFFD1E0616" box="[594,710,1601,1625]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Geritola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FDE8F9EFFD1E0616" box="[594,710,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">G. nitidica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the outer edge of the forewing blue area is diagnostic for separation, as the blue scaling forms three rather narrow lobes of even width and with rounded tips in spaces between veins
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FEFFF927FEB506EA" box="[325,365,1673,1701]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Cu2</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FE11F927FE1A06EF" box="[427,450,1673,1696]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">M</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B367A58FFB4FE79F939FE3306EE" box="[451,491,1672,1701]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" unit="in" value="2.0">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FE79F939FE1306EA" box="[451,459,1687,1701]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">2</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D507A58FFB4FE4CF927FDAA06EE" box="[502,626,1673,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Geritola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FE4CF927FDAA06EE" box="[502,626,1673,1697]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">G. pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D507A58FFB4FD3EF927FD2406EE" box="[644,764,1673,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Geritola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FD3EF927FD2406EE" box="[644,764,1673,1697]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">G. nitidica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has rather irregular outer edge of the blue area with one prominent lobe in space between veins
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FDF4F91EFDB50683" box="[590,621,1712,1740]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">M3</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FD19F91EFD1A0683" box="[675,706,1712,1740]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">M2</emphasis>
|
||
, rather flat edge of the blue area in spaces between veins
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FAFAF91EFAB10683" box="[1344,1385,1712,1740]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Cu2</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FACEF91EFA440683" box="[1396,1436,1712,1740]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Cu1</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FF7CF979FF3D06BC" box="[198,229,1751,1779]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">M3</emphasis>
|
||
where the blue area is also narrower than between veins
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FCDEF979FC5B06BC" box="[868,899,1751,1779]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">M3</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FC03F979FC0106BC" box="[953,985,1751,1779]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">M2</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D507A58FFB4FC5CF979FB8706A1" box="[998,1119,1750,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Geritola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FC5CF979FB8706A1" box="[998,1119,1750,1774]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">G. pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easier to separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D507A58FFB4FA3EF979FF0F075A" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Geritola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FA3EF979FF0F075A" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">G. wardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as the latter has only a very fine black margin on its hindwing upperside, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D507A58FFB4FBD8F953FB03075A" box="[1122,1243,1789,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Geritola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FBD8F953FB03075A" box="[1122,1243,1789,1813]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">G. pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a prominent,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B367A58FFB4FF2DF88FFF000776" box="[151,216,1825,1849]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
broad black margin. Moreover, the main diagnostic feature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D507A58FFB4FC7EF88FFB9B0776" box="[964,1091,1825,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Geritola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FC7EF88FFB9B0776" box="[964,1091,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">G. pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lies in male genitalia, as the aedeagus is strongly toothed ventrally on its basal end while the aedeagus of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D507A58FFB4FB89F8EBFB700712" box="[1075,1192,1861,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Geritola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FB89F8EBFB700712" box="[1075,1192,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">G. nitidica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D507A58FFB4FB64F8EBFAE60712" box="[1246,1342,1861,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Geritola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FB64F8EBFAE60712" box="[1246,1342,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">G. wardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have an even edge ventrally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35965587A58FFB7FF7DF822FE65019F" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="288" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36D37A58FFB7FF7DF822FE65019F" blockId="1.[151,1437,758,2030]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="288" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FF7DF822FE9407EA" bold="true" box="[199,332,1932,1957]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F888717A58FFB4FE3CF823FE3007E9" box="[390,488,1933,1958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D507A58FFB4FDB7F823FD5E07EA" box="[525,646,1933,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Geritola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A58FFB4FDB7F823FD5E07EA" box="[525,646,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">G. pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in Liberia’s Gola National Forest on a hilltop, where many other Epitolini were also recorded. The second male specimen was captured in Sapo National Park in Eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35476437A58FFB4FF2DF87BFF3407A1" box="[151,236,2005,2030]" name="Liberia" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Liberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Both Sapo and Gola are typical representatives of the hyper-wet lowland forest of the Liberian sub-region (between Eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35476437A5BFFB7FEE5FF36FE3A00FF" box="[351,482,152,176]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="2" pageNumber="288">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35476437A5BFFB7FDCBFF39FCDD00FF" box="[625,773,151,176]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="2" pageNumber="288">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
|
||
), which is of high conservation importance.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D507A5BFFB7FB4EFF36FAB500FF" box="[1268,1389,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Geritola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A5BFFB7FB4EFF36FAB500FF" box="[1268,1389,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="288">G. pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its allopatric sister species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D507A5BFFB7FE7CFF12FDE4009B" box="[454,572,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Geritola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A5BFFB7FE7CFF12FDE4009B" box="[454,572,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="288">G. nitidica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are typical examples where a species group known from Central Africa, but not previously recorded from west of the Cross River area of Eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35476437A5BFFB7FC18FF71FC2E00B7" box="[930,1014,223,248]" name="Nigeria" pageId="2" pageNumber="288">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
is represented by a distinct species in the Liberian sub-region. This allopatry seems to be rather common, as a number of recently described species, discovered in the Liberian sub-region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B227A5BFFB7FDF4FE89FD24010F" author="Belcastro" box="[590,764,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="288" refString="Belcastro, C. (1986) A new Euriphene (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae) from Loma Mountains (Sierra Leone). Problemi Attuali di Scienza e di Cultura, 260, 195 - 196." type="journal article" year="1986">Belcastro 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B227A5BFFB7FCB2FE86FC4F010F" author="Larsen" box="[776,919,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="288" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. Apollo Books, Svendborg, Denmark, 595 pp. + 135 colour plates." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Libert 2013), or awaiting description (Sáfián unpublished), have a closely related sister species in Central Africa. This phenomenon could not be revealed earlier, as butterfly research in the Liberian sub-region was not possible during the two decades of civil conflicts, when field research had intensified in other West African countries (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B227A5BFFB7FC15FE3AFB9A01E2" author="Larsen" box="[943,1090,404,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="288" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. Apollo Books, Svendborg, Denmark, 595 pp. + 135 colour plates." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and therefore many of these species escaped detection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35965587A5BFFB7FF7DFE72FEBA0273" pageId="2" pageNumber="288" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36D37A5BFFB7FF7DFE72FEBA0273" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="288">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A5BFFB7FF7DFE72FE9601BB" bold="true" box="[199,334,476,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="288">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D507A5BFFB7FE75FE72FDF101BB" box="[463,553,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Geritola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAC17A5BFFB7FE75FE72FDF101BB" box="[463,553,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="288">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is given as an expression of respect for the Liberian nation, who after a long time of political turmoil, finally eliminated violence from the country and has settled in a hopefully long lasting democratic peace.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |