treatments-xml/data/A3/72/AE/A372AE2D1BD95AFC9B3BC9240F13178B.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.955.51983" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45a98afc-af5a-4734-93d1-205e1ac3694b" ID-PMC="PMC7423785" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-955-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F7018CF19C6158309D57C83A2F5E9478" ID-PubMed="32855592" ID-ZooBank="C8EF4A4B6F054621B9B5AE47FEE7C217" ModsDocID="1313-2970-955-1" checkinTime="1596691600214" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Grego, Jozef, Mumladze, Levan, Falniowski, Andrzej, Osikowski, Artur, Rysiewska, Aleksandra, Palatov, Dimitry M. &amp; Hofman, Sebastian" docDate="2020" docId="A372AE2D1BD95AFC9B3BC9240F13178B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 955: 1-77" docOrigin="ZooKeys 955" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.955.51983" docTitle="Kartvelobia shishaensis Grego &amp; Mumladze 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="A96A5432-AC26-460A-BA9F-AF01A8B63BDF" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="F7018CF19C6158309D57C83A2F5E9478" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="F7018CF19C6158309D57C83A2F5E9478" masterDocTitle="Revealing the stygobiotic and crenobiotic molluscan biodiversity hotspot in Caucasus: Part I. The phylogeny of stygobiotic Sadlerianinae Szarowska, 2006 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Hydrobiidae) from Georgia with descriptions of five new genera and twenty-one new species" masterLastPageNumber="77" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169198162" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revealing the stygobiotic and crenobiotic molluscan biodiversity hotspot in Caucasus: Part I. The phylogeny of stygobiotic Sadlerianinae Szarowska, 2006 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Hydrobiidae) from Georgia with descriptions of five new genera and twenty-one new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Grego, Jozef</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Horna Micina 219, 97401, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mumladze, Levan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University, Kakutsa Cholokashvili Ave 3 / 5, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2172-6973</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Falniowski, Andrzej</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Malacology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387, Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Osikowski, Artur</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24 / 28, 30 - 059, Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-2687</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">a.osikowski@urk.edu.pl</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rysiewska, Aleksandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Malacology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387, Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Palatov, Dimitry M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Hydrobiology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 1 - 12 Leninskie Gory, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hofman, Sebastian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387, Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>955</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>77</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.955.51983</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.955.51983</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="166096072" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A96A5432-AC26-460A-BA9F-AF01A8B63BDF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A372AE2D1BD95AFC9B3BC9240F13178B" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="A372AE2D-1BD9-5AFC-9B3B-C9240F13178B" authority="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Kartvelobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kartvelobia shishaensis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="shishaensis" status="sp. nov.">Kartvelobia shishaensis Grego &amp; Mumladze</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Plate 4" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Plate 4. 1 - 4 Kartvelobia shishaensis sp. nov., Georgia, Samegrelo, Mukhuri, Shisha Spring 1 holotype 2 paratype 3, 4 K. kinchkha sp. nov., Imereti, Kinchkha, small travertine waterfall at right bank of Okatse below the large waterfall: 3 holotype 4 paratype 5, 6 K. sinuata sp. nov., Imereti, Kinchkhaperdi, spring along road to Askhi Plateau, dwarf population 7 K. sinuata sp. nov., Imereti, Satsiskvilo, Turchusmtha, paratype - typical form 8, 9 K. cf. shishaensis sp. nov., Georgia, Samegrelo, Mukhuri, Mapeli Cave. The numbers correspond to individuals, and the letters represent the different views of the same individual. Photograph J. Grego." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.955.51983.plate4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/439165" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plates 4 (1, 2, 8, 9); 5(2, 4)</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Georgia • Samegrelo, Mukhuri, Shisha Spring; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="47" value="42.62972">42°37'47&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="26" value="42.190556">42°11'26&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; 250 m a.s.l.; sediment from the spring lake bottom.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
: Georgia • 1 adult, dry; type locality; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="47" value="42.62972">42°37'47&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="26" value="42.190556">42°11'26&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; 250 m a.s.l.; 10 May 2018; J. Grego, L. Mumladze and M. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Olšavský">Olsavsky</normalizedToken>
leg.; ISU FM-T019-H. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
: Georgia • same as for holotype; ISU FM-T019-P1/3 dry, SBMNH 633084/2 dry, coll. JG F1043/3 dry; • same as for holotype; 12 October; 2019; J. Grego, L. Mumladze and G. Bananashvili leg.; NHMW 113373 ISU-T019-P2/4 dry, coll JG F1056/4 dry; Georgia • Samegrelo, Mukhuri, Mapeli Cave (მაპელის 
<normalizedToken originalValue="მღვიმე">მღვიმე</normalizedToken>
); 
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="22" value="42.639446">42°38'22&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="39" value="42.194168">42°11'39&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; 330 m a.s.l.; 12 October 2019; J. Grego, L. Mumladze and G. Bananashvili leg.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The new species differs from the 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Kartvelobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kartvelobia sinuata" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sinuata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kartvelobia sinuata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. by its very weakly sinuated almost straight labral margin, minute shell size, more pitted protoconch and different shape of the aperture. From the similar sized 
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. kinchkha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kinchkha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. kinchkha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. differs by its less sinuated labral margin, by less inflated whorls and by the pitted protoconch surface. Measurement comparison of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Kartvelobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kartvelobia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kartvelobia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species is given in Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Measurement comparison of species from genus Kartvelobia gen. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/26BDDB5102899EDB6099BF11327E0138" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="26BDDB5102899EDB6099BF11327E0138">4</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="26BDDB5102899EDB6099BF11327E0138" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/26BDDB5102899EDB6099BF11327E0138" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Table 4" startId="T4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 4.</emphasis>
Measurement comparison of species from genus 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Kartvelobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kartvelobia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kartvelobia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Genus species</emphasis>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">H</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">W</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">BH</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">BW</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">AH</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">AW</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">CA</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">H/W</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">AH / AW</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">W / BW</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">H/BH</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">H/AH</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">W / AW</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">H/(W- BW)</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">mm</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">mm</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">mm</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">mm</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">mm</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">mm</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">deg.</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Kartvelobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kartvelobia shishaensis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="shishaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kartvelobia shishaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
LT
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.45</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.74</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.02</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.62</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.55</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.58</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">51</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.96</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.95</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.20</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.42</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.61</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.26</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">11.75</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Kartvelobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kartvelobia shishaensis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="shishaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kartvelobia shishaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype</emphasis>
LT
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.32</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.68</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.95</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.62</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.54</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.52</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">48</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.95</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.03</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.10</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.39</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.46</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.29</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">21.50</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Kartvelobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kartvelobia kinchkha" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kinchkha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kartvelobia kinchkha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
LT
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.32</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.71</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.95</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.62</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.58</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.52</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">45</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.87</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.12</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.15</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.39</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.26</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.35</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">14.33</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Kartvelobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kartvelobia kinchkha" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kinchkha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kartvelobia kinchkha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype</emphasis>
LT
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.29</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.77</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.92</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.65</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.58</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.49</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">46</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.68</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.19</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.19</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.40</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.21</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.56</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">10.48</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Kartvelobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kartvelobia sinuata" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sinuata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kartvelobia sinuata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">dwarf</emphasis>
Kinchkaperdi
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.51</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.95</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.95</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.71</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.62</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.55</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">25</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.58</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.11</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.35</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.58</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.45</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.72</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">6.13</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.60</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.98</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.98</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.71</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.66</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.55</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">31</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.63</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.19</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.39</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.63</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.42</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.78</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5.78</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Kartvelobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kartvelobia sinuata" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sinuata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kartvelobia sinuata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype</emphasis>
LT
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.91</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.17</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.29</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.92</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.80</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.65</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">27</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.63</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.23</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.27</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.48</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.38</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.80</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">7.75</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Kartvelobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kartvelobia shishaensis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="shishaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kartvelobia shishaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. Mapeli Cave
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.51</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.77</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.95</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.66</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.55</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.46</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">42</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.96</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.20</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.16</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.58</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.72</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.67</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">14.00</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.48</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.74</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.92</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.62</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.58</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.42</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">34</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.00</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.41</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.20</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.60</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.53</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.78</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">12.00</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell</emphasis>
: minute, 1.32-1.45 mm high, elongated-oval shell with four whorls, semi-blunt apex and smooth whitish glossy surface; slightly inflated whorls separated by weak suture. Aperture irregularly tear-shaped, slightly expanded and detached from the body whorls by a distant grove or gap. Lateral profile of labral margin almost straight with very inconspicuous sinuation; columellar labral profile straight. Protoconch surface pitted.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Operculum</emphasis>
: not known.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Animal body</emphasis>
: not known.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype measurements</emphasis>
: H-1.45 mm; W-0.74 mm; BH-1.02 mm; BW-0.62 mm; AH-0.55 mm; AW-0.58 mm; CA: 51°.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anatomy</emphasis>
: not known.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Name after the type locality: the karst spring Shisha at southeast end of village Mukhuri.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stygobiotic species. The empty shells of the species were washed out through the small spring lake after large water flow induced by heavy rains in May 2018. The deep spring Lake Shisha drains karstic waters from the nearby limestone massif, but likely gets a portion of its water directly from the surface through a nearby sinkhole (more opalescent water observed shortly after the heavy rain). The condition of the shells (few worn shells and many fragments) suggests its stygobiont habitat deeper than the spring head.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Only known from the type locality and from nearby Mapeli Cave in Mukhuri.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The number of known locations (2) is no more than 5 and EOO is smaller than 20 km2. There is no reason to suppose that AOO, EOO, number of locations, number of subpopulations or the number or mature individuals are declining however due to its extremely small EOO we assessed as Vulnerable (VU) D2.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The second population from Mapeli Cave generally has a more elongate and conical shell with more inflated whorls. Its taxonomic position needs to be further investigated.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>