466 lines
51 KiB
XML
466 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5258.2.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7777040" ID-ZooBank="250824EC-2DCE-4166-93C5-034D3D7399FD" checkinTime="1679986692768" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Boonzaaier-Davids, Melissa K., Ma, Kevin C. K. & Mcquaid, Christopher D." docDate="2023" docId="0637D00515480B4FFF3873D6E7DCFE35" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5258.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5258 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.2.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chaperia atypica Boonzaaier-Davids & Ma & Mcquaid 2023, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="202" masterDocId="FA0EA87D154B0B4AFFAF7519E73AFFBC" masterDocTitle="Epibiotic association of encrusting cheilostome bryozoans on shells of an invasive mussel from rocky shores of South Africa, with the description of a new aviculiferous species of Chaperia" masterLastPageNumber="210" masterPageNumber="197" pageNumber="200" updateTime="1680014488123" updateUser="tatiana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Epibiotic association of encrusting cheilostome bryozoans on shells of an invasive mussel from rocky shores of South Africa, with the description of a new aviculiferous species of Chaperia</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Boonzaaier-Davids, Melissa K.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Research and Exhibitions Department, Iziko Museums of South Africa, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Ma, Kevin C. K.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6139, South Africa. & Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, A 1 C 5 S 7, Canada.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Mcquaid, Christopher D.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6139, South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2023-03-28</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>5258</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>197</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>210</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.2.2</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5258.2.2</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7777040</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">250824EC-2DCE-4166-93C5-034D3D7399FD</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0637D00515480B4FFF3873D6E7DCFE35" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0637D00515480B4FFF3873D6E7DCFE35" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="202" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[151,431,1743,1770]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1164,1743,1842]" box="[151,431,1743,1770]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[151,431,1743,1770]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,431,1743,1770]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Boonzaaier-Davids & Ma & Mcquaid, 2023" authorityName="Boonzaaier-Davids & Ma & Mcquaid" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,357,1743,1770]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chaperiidae" genus="Chaperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="atypica" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,357,1743,1770]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">Chaperia atypica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[365,431,1744,1770]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="200" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1164,1743,1842]" box="[151,379,1779,1806]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[159,276,1779,1806]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,435,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-128@5.[151,1436,417,1790]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chaperia atypica n. sp. A–C. SAMC-A094525. A. General view of the colony. B. Group of zooids, showing pore-chamber windows and spines. C. Close-up of the orifice. D. Paratype, SAMC-A094513. Group of zooids with arrows indicating twinned and single interzooidal avicularia. E, F. Holotype, SAMC-A094514. E. Group of ovicelled zooids with arrows indicating vestigial ooecia. F. Close-up of the vestigial ooecia with an arrow indicating the ooecial pore. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.4 mm; C = 0.1 mm; D, E = 0.4 mm; F = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7777044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7777044/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">Fig. 2A–F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation box="[287,370,1779,1806]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements (in mm) of the holotype SAMC-A094514 of Chaperia atypica n. sp. and colony SAMC- A094513 for interzooidal avicularia. Abbreviations: N T = number of structures measured; SD = standard deviation." pageId="3" pageNumber="200">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1164,1743,1842]" box="[151,1164,1815,1842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">
|
||
http://zoobank.org/
|
||
<uri box="[334,1164,1815,1842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">
|
||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
|
||
<uuid box="[612,1164,1815,1842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">1D5772C8-99E4-40B7-ADA6-DF404C2F1D0D</uuid>
|
||
</uri>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="201" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,1887,2024]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="201" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,389,1887,1913]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation box="[400,1437,1887,1916]" collectingDate="2020-03-08" latitude="-32.641945" location="Seagulls" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.428194" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis box="[400,512,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[400,506,1887,1913]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
SAMC-A094514 (dry),
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0637D00515480B4FFF3873D6E7DCFE35:8B4137C815480B49FC8D7246E4BBF8C5" box="[802,897,1887,1913]" latitude="-32.641945" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.428194" name="Seagulls" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">Seagulls</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[916,1069,1889,1916]" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" precision="1" seconds="31.0" value="-32.641945">32°38′31.0″S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1085,1240,1889,1916]" degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" precision="1" seconds="41.5" value="28.428194">28°25′41.5″E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date box="[1264,1433,1887,1914]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" value="2020-03-08">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1264,1433,1887,1914]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" value="2020-03-08">8 March 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,263,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[151,257,1924,1949]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[268,379,1923,1950]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">SAMC-A</collectionCode>
|
||
094513, same details as the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[681,783,1923,1949]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[791,1079,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">Other non-type specimens</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1092,1203,1923,1950]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">SAMC-A</collectionCode>
|
||
094511, Tenza Beach (
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[159,313,1961,1988]" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" precision="1" seconds="37.8" value="-32.377167">32°22′37.8″S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[324,479,1961,1988]" degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" precision="1" seconds="06.2" value="28.751722">28°45′06.2″E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date box="[498,687,1960,1986]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" value="2020-01-29">29 January 2020</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[697,806,1959,1986]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">SAMC-A</collectionCode>
|
||
094508 (on the same substratum as
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[1208,1324,1959,1986]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Celleporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hyalina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1208,1324,1959,1986]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">C. hyalina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), SAMC- A094509 (on the same substratum as
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[578,696,1995,2022]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Celleporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hyalina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[578,696,1995,2022]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">C. hyalina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectionCode box="[720,830,1995,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">SAMC-A</collectionCode>
|
||
094512, Kei Mouth (
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1067,1220,1997,2024]" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" precision="1" seconds="03.4" value="-32.68428">32°41′03.4″S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1233,1388,1997,2024]" degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" precision="1" seconds="59.3" value="28.383139">28°22′59.3″E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="201" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" value="2020-01-30">30 January 2020</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[311,425,150,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">SAMC-A</collectionCode>
|
||
094515-18, Kidds Beach (
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[707,858,152,179]" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" precision="1" seconds="57.3" value="-33.14925">33°08′57.3″S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[863,1018,152,179]" degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" precision="1" seconds="09.2" value="27.702557">27°42′09.2″E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date box="[1035,1191,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" value="2020-03-07">7 March 2020</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1199,1311,150,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">SAMC-A</collectionCode>
|
||
094520-25, Schoenmakerskop (
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[371,525,188,215]" degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" precision="1" seconds="27.4" value="-34.040943">34°02′27.4″S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[536,691,188,215]" degrees="25" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" precision="1" seconds="59.5" value="25.533194">25°31′59.5″E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date box="[710,876,186,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" value="2020-08-05">5 August 2020</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[886,997,186,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">SAMC-A</collectionCode>
|
||
094528, St. Francis Bay (
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1279,1432,188,215]" degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" precision="1" seconds="15.7" value="-34.17103">34°10′15.7″S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[151,307,224,251]" degrees="24" direction="east" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" precision="1" seconds="06.2" value="24.835056">24°50′06.2″E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date box="[328,500,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" value="2020-08-04">4 August 2020</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[512,624,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">SAMC-A</collectionCode>
|
||
094630-34, Jeffreys Bay (
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[918,1071,224,251]" degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" precision="1" seconds="35.5" value="-34.026527">34°01′35.5″S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1085,1240,224,251]" degrees="24" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" precision="1" seconds="52.2" value="24.931166">24°55′52.2″E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date box="[1261,1433,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" value="2020-08-03">3 August 2020</date>
|
||
. All material was collected by K.C.K. Ma and is kept dry.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,686,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Additional comparative material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Busk, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[691,1052,295,321]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chaperiidae" genus="Chaperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[691,899,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Chaperia capensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Busk, 1884)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1978-05-29" collectionCode="SM" country="South Africa" county="Southeast Coast" elevation="80" latitude="-33.505" location="Great Fish River Mouth" longLatPrecision="120" longitude="27.368334" municipality="River Mouth" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" specimenCode="SAMC-A026485, SM 179" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1062,1258,294,321]" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">SAMC-A026485</specimenCode>
|
||
, station
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1348,1436,295,321]" collectionCode="SM" country="Malaysia" name="Sarawak Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">SM 179</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[160,273,332,359]" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="30.3" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" precision="92" value="-33.505">33°30.3′S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[285,401,332,359]" degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="22.1" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" precision="92" value="27.368334">27°22.1′E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), off
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0637D00515480B4FFF3873D6E7DCFE35:8B4137C8154F0B4EFE627452E5DAFED9" box="[461,736,331,357]" country="South Africa" county="Southeast Coast" latitude="-33.505" longLatPrecision="120" longitude="27.368334" municipality="River Mouth" name="Great Fish River Mouth" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Great Fish River Mouth</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[747,931,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Southeast Coast</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[943,1089,331,357]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, dredged, depth
|
||
<quantity box="[1276,1336,331,357]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="80.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[1276,1336,331,357]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="80.0">80 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date pageId="4" pageNumber="201" value="1978-05-29">
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="4" pageNumber="201" value="1978-05-29">29 May 1978</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1999-04-30" collectionCode="S" collectorName="W. Florence" country="South Africa" elevation="12" location="Homestead Plateau" longitude="17.25" municipality="Oudekraal" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" specimenCode="SAMC-A028571" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Florence, Hayward & Gibbons, 2007" authorityName="Florence, Hayward & Gibbons" authorityYear="2007" box="[221,872,367,393]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chaperiidae" genus="Chaperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="septispina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[221,448,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Chaperia septispina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Florence, W. K. & Hayward, P. J. & Gibbons, M. J." box="[454,872,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref8087" refString="Florence, W. K., Hayward, P. J. & Gibbons, M. J. (2007) Taxonomy of shallow-water Bryozoa from the west coast of South Africa. African Natural History, 3, 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="2007">Florence, Hayward & Gibbons, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode box="[883,1079,366,393]" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">SAMC-A028571</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0637D00515480B4FFF3873D6E7DCFE35:8B4137C8154F0B4EFBED7476E226FE35" box="[1090,1308,367,393]" country="South Africa" longitude="17.25" municipality="Oudekraal" name="Homestead Plateau" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Homestead Plateau</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[1320,1437,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Oudekraal</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(33°58′90″S, 17°15′00″E), depth
|
||
<quantity box="[526,585,403,429]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="12.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[526,585,403,429]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectorName box="[739,878,403,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">W. Florence</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[889,1047,403,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" value="1999-04-30">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[889,1047,403,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" value="1999-04-30">30 April 1999</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="201" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,334,439,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From the Latin
|
||
<emphasis box="[515,538,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">a-</emphasis>
|
||
plus
|
||
<emphasis box="[599,667,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">typica</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning atypical, not usual, and referring to the atypical diagnostic features noted in this new
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1881" box="[446,552,475,501]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chaperiidae" genus="Chaperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[446,552,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Chaperia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
compared to other species of the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="201" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,322,510,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Colony encrusting. Cryptocyst typically granular, extensive; gymnocyst reduced or absent. Suborificial occlusor laminae well-developed. Spines on distal rim. Interzooidal avicularia and vestigial ooecia present. Pore chamber windows present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="201" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,618,644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Colony encrusting, unilaminar, multiserial, usually forming small patches, some colonies up to
|
||
<quantity box="[151,232,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (see
|
||
<tableCitation box="[429,516,655,681]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,239,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[166,1361,1601,1786]" captionText="TABLE 2. Total abundance of epibiotic bryozoans in the subset of 27 Mytilus galloprovincialis shells studied, and bryozoan colony sizes (in mm) for each species. Abbreviations: TA = total abundance (i.e. number of bryozoan colonies); N = number of mussels with epibiotic bryozoans; SD = standard deviation." pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Dried (unbleached) material light brown to creamy white. Autozooids arranged quincuncially (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[321,413,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,435,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-128@5.[151,1436,417,1790]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chaperia atypica n. sp. A–C. SAMC-A094525. A. General view of the colony. B. Group of zooids, showing pore-chamber windows and spines. C. Close-up of the orifice. D. Paratype, SAMC-A094513. Group of zooids with arrows indicating twinned and single interzooidal avicularia. E, F. Holotype, SAMC-A094514. E. Group of ovicelled zooids with arrows indicating vestigial ooecia. F. Close-up of the vestigial ooecia with an arrow indicating the ooecial pore. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.4 mm; C = 0.1 mm; D, E = 0.4 mm; F = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7777044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7777044/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
), rounded distally, widest at one third to half zooidal length, with a pair of distal and one lateral pore chamber windows, approximately at autozooid mid-length (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1001,1095,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,435,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-128@5.[151,1436,417,1790]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chaperia atypica n. sp. A–C. SAMC-A094525. A. General view of the colony. B. Group of zooids, showing pore-chamber windows and spines. C. Close-up of the orifice. D. Paratype, SAMC-A094513. Group of zooids with arrows indicating twinned and single interzooidal avicularia. E, F. Holotype, SAMC-A094514. E. Group of ovicelled zooids with arrows indicating vestigial ooecia. F. Close-up of the vestigial ooecia with an arrow indicating the ooecial pore. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.4 mm; C = 0.1 mm; D, E = 0.4 mm; F = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7777044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7777044/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cryptocyst well-developed, occupying nearly the total length of autozooid, a raised rim outlining the autozooids, sometimes with the distal part of the opesia raised; frontal surface granular, grain size 4–12 μm in diameter (N
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[1097,1107,817,831]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">T</subScript>
|
||
= 60). Reduced or negligible gymnocyst. Opesia eye-shaped with a pair of well-developed occlusor laminae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1073,1165,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,435,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-128@5.[151,1436,417,1790]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chaperia atypica n. sp. A–C. SAMC-A094525. A. General view of the colony. B. Group of zooids, showing pore-chamber windows and spines. C. Close-up of the orifice. D. Paratype, SAMC-A094513. Group of zooids with arrows indicating twinned and single interzooidal avicularia. E, F. Holotype, SAMC-A094514. E. Group of ovicelled zooids with arrows indicating vestigial ooecia. F. Close-up of the vestigial ooecia with an arrow indicating the ooecial pore. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.4 mm; C = 0.1 mm; D, E = 0.4 mm; F = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7777044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7777044/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
); 6–8 oral spines, more commonly seven (N
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[383,393,889,903]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">T</subScript>
|
||
= 20; length range =
|
||
<quantity box="[647,816,870,897]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" unit="mm" value="0.26" valueMax="0.35" valueMin="0.17">0.17–0.35 mm</quantity>
|
||
; 12–28 μm in diameter) distributed evenly around the distal part of the opesia in a shallow arc (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[632,721,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,435,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-128@5.[151,1436,417,1790]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chaperia atypica n. sp. A–C. SAMC-A094525. A. General view of the colony. B. Group of zooids, showing pore-chamber windows and spines. C. Close-up of the orifice. D. Paratype, SAMC-A094513. Group of zooids with arrows indicating twinned and single interzooidal avicularia. E, F. Holotype, SAMC-A094514. E. Group of ovicelled zooids with arrows indicating vestigial ooecia. F. Close-up of the vestigial ooecia with an arrow indicating the ooecial pore. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.4 mm; C = 0.1 mm; D, E = 0.4 mm; F = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7777044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7777044/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
), ending more or less at level with the proximal border of the opesia. Interzooidal avicularia present, twinned or single, each situated disto-medially, projecting into the next distal zooid, distally directed, oval-shaped, the rostrum rounded, with condyles as mandibular pivots (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1235,1326,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,435,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-128@5.[151,1436,417,1790]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chaperia atypica n. sp. A–C. SAMC-A094525. A. General view of the colony. B. Group of zooids, showing pore-chamber windows and spines. C. Close-up of the orifice. D. Paratype, SAMC-A094513. Group of zooids with arrows indicating twinned and single interzooidal avicularia. E, F. Holotype, SAMC-A094514. E. Group of ovicelled zooids with arrows indicating vestigial ooecia. F. Close-up of the vestigial ooecia with an arrow indicating the ooecial pore. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.4 mm; C = 0.1 mm; D, E = 0.4 mm; F = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7777044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7777044/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
), more or less situated mid-length of the avicularium. Intramural budding observed (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[975,1064,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,435,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-128@5.[151,1436,417,1790]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chaperia atypica n. sp. A–C. SAMC-A094525. A. General view of the colony. B. Group of zooids, showing pore-chamber windows and spines. C. Close-up of the orifice. D. Paratype, SAMC-A094513. Group of zooids with arrows indicating twinned and single interzooidal avicularia. E, F. Holotype, SAMC-A094514. E. Group of ovicelled zooids with arrows indicating vestigial ooecia. F. Close-up of the vestigial ooecia with an arrow indicating the ooecial pore. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.4 mm; C = 0.1 mm; D, E = 0.4 mm; F = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7777044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7777044/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ooecia as a transversely narrow rim on the distal border of opesia with ooecial pore located medio-distally (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[996,1113,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,435,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-128@5.[151,1436,417,1790]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chaperia atypica n. sp. A–C. SAMC-A094525. A. General view of the colony. B. Group of zooids, showing pore-chamber windows and spines. C. Close-up of the orifice. D. Paratype, SAMC-A094513. Group of zooids with arrows indicating twinned and single interzooidal avicularia. E, F. Holotype, SAMC-A094514. E. Group of ovicelled zooids with arrows indicating vestigial ooecia. F. Close-up of the vestigial ooecia with an arrow indicating the ooecial pore. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.4 mm; C = 0.1 mm; D, E = 0.4 mm; F = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7777044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7777044/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Fig. 2E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ancestrula not seen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="202" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,1087,1113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is confidently placed in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1881" box="[880,986,1087,1113]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chaperiidae" genus="Chaperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[880,986,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Chaperia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the presence of the eye-shaped opesia not exceeding 50% of the zooidal length, extensive cryptocyst, stout spines around the distal oral border and well-developed occlusor laminae as described in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gordon, D. P." box="[757,928,1159,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref8132" refString="Gordon, D. P. (1982) The genera of the Chaperiidae (Bryozoa). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 9, 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1982.10423832" type="journal article" year="1982">Gordon (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Avicularia and ovicells were not reported in the original genus description by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jullien, J." box="[535,693,1195,1221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" pagination="163 - 168" refId="ref8816" refString="Jullien, J. (1881) Remarques sur quelques especes des Bryozoaires cheilostomiens. Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France, 6, 163 - 168." type="journal article" year="1881">Jullien (1881)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and subsequent observations made by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gordon, D. P." box="[1142,1315,1195,1221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref8132" refString="Gordon, D. P. (1982) The genera of the Chaperiidae (Bryozoa). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 9, 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1982.10423832" type="journal article" year="1982">Gordon (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, interzooidal avicularia and vestigial ooecia were recently observed in some
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1017,1213,1231,1257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1017,1123,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Chaperia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1284,1436,1231,1257]" name="New Zealand" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(D.P. Gordon, personal communication,
|
||
<date box="[604,753,1267,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" value="2022-07-27">27 July 2022</date>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
|
||
These features differ from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[609,849,1303,1329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
|
||
<emphasis box="[609,758,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Chaperiopsis</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that have an oval opesia generally occupying 75% or more of the zooidal length, narrow cryptocyst, negligible occlusor laminae and the presence of frequent small avicularia and prominent hyperstomial ovicells (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gordon, D. P." box="[693,847,1375,1401]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref8132" refString="Gordon, D. P. (1982) The genera of the Chaperiidae (Bryozoa). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 9, 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1982.10423832" type="journal article" year="1982">Gordon 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Lamouroux, 1824" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1824" box="[199,640,1411,1437]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chaperiidae" genus="Chaperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="acanthina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,427,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Chaperia acanthina</emphasis>
|
||
Lamouroux, 1824
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Jullien, 1881" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1881" box="[660,951,1411,1437]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chaperiidae" genus="Chaperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[660,793,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jullien, J." box="[803,951,1411,1437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" pagination="163 - 168" refId="ref8816" refString="Jullien, J. (1881) Remarques sur quelques especes des Bryozoaires cheilostomiens. Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France, 6, 163 - 168." type="journal article" year="1881">Jullien, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by original designation, p. 62), originally described from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[332,519,1447,1473]" name="Falkland Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Falkland Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the South Atlantic, was also reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1059,1204,1447,1473]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="O'Donoghue, C. H. & de Watteville, D." pageId="4" pageNumber="201" pagination="12 - 22" refId="ref10128" refString="O'Donoghue, C. H. & de Watteville, D. (1937) Notes on South African Bryozoa. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 117, 12 - 22." type="journal article" year="1937">O’Donoghue & de Watteville 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="O'Donoghue, C. H." box="[343,555,1482,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" pagination="71 - 95" refId="ref10193" refString="O'Donoghue, C. H. (1957) Some South African Bryozoa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 35, 71 - 95. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359195709519012" type="journal article" year="1957">O’Donoghue 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hayward, P. J." box="[567,736,1483,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" pagination="701 - 722" refId="ref8565" refString="Hayward, P. J. (1980) Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) from the South Atlantic. Journal of Natural History, 14, 701 - 722. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938000770591" type="journal article" year="1980">Hayward 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Boonzaaier-Davids & Ma & Mcquaid, 2023" authorityName="Boonzaaier-Davids & Ma & Mcquaid" authorityYear="2023" box="[755,950,1483,1509]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chaperiidae" genus="Chaperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="atypica" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[755,950,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Chaperia atypica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[957,1020,1483,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[957,1020,1483,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from this species in the shape of the opesia, in the position and number of spines, and in having a reduced gymnocyst. However, records of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1824" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chaperiidae" genus="Chaperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="acanthina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">C. acanthina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[299,442,1555,1581]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
are in need of revision (D.P. Gordon, personal communication,
|
||
<date box="[1161,1381,1555,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" value="2022-09-13">13 September 2022</date>
|
||
) and also discussed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hayward, P. J. & Cook, P. L." box="[346,620,1591,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" pagination="1 - 161" refId="ref8604" refString="Hayward, P. J. & Cook, P. L. (1983) The South African Museum's Meiring Naude Cruises. Part 13, Bryozoa II. Annals of the South African Museum, 91, 1 - 161. [http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 40684336 # page / 17 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1983">Hayward & Cook (1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 19).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
|
||
Two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1881" box="[378,484,1627,1653]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chaperiidae" genus="Chaperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[378,484,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Chaperia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[682,829,1627,1653]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[932,1062,1627,1653]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chaperiidae" genus="Chaperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[932,1062,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">C. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Florence, Hayward & Gibbons" authorityYear="2007" box="[1120,1268,1627,1653]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chaperiidae" genus="Chaperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="septispina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1120,1268,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">C. septispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. An additional species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kluge, 1914" authorityName="Kluge" authorityYear="1914" box="[245,531,1663,1689]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chaperiidae" genus="Chaperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="polygonia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[245,388,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">C. polygonia</emphasis>
|
||
Kluge, 1914
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[702,819,1663,1689]" name="Antarctica" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the Southern Ocean.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Boonzaaier-Davids & Ma & Mcquaid, 2023" authorityName="Boonzaaier-Davids & Ma & Mcquaid" authorityYear="2023" box="[1084,1277,1663,1689]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chaperiidae" genus="Chaperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="atypica" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1084,1277,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Chaperia atypica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1283,1345,1663,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1283,1345,1663,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has 6–8 distolateral spines, while
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1824" box="[439,585,1699,1725]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chaperiidae" genus="Chaperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="acanthina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[439,585,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">C. acanthina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 4–5 distal spines,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kluge" authorityYear="1914" box="[842,987,1699,1725]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chaperiidae" genus="Chaperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="polygonia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[842,987,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">C. polygonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
5–6,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Florence, Hayward & Gibbons" authorityYear="2007" box="[1052,1200,1699,1725]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chaperiidae" genus="Chaperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="septispina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1052,1200,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">C. septispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
5–7 and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1306,1436,1699,1725]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chaperiidae" genus="Chaperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1306,1436,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">C. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only two.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="202" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
|
||
This new species is the first
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1881" box="[517,623,1771,1797]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chaperiidae" genus="Chaperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[517,623,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Chaperia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with avicularia and the first South African species with ooecia. Four out of nine
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Boonzaaier-Davids & Ma & Mcquaid, 2023" authorityName="Boonzaaier-Davids & Ma & Mcquaid" authorityYear="2023" box="[244,362,1807,1833]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chaperiidae" genus="Chaperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="atypica" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[244,362,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">C. atypica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[373,439,1807,1833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[373,439,1807,1833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
colonies examined using SEM (SAMC-A094513, SAMC-A094516, SAMC-A094524 and SAMC-A094525), indicated the presence of avicularia, usually one or two interzooidal avicularia scattered sporadically in a colony of at least 20 autozooids. One colony (SAMC-A094513), with at least 40 autozooids, had four autozooids associated with a single interzooidal avicularium, and one associated with twinned avicularia (see
|
||
<figureCitation box="[151,240,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,435,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-128@5.[151,1436,417,1790]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chaperia atypica n. sp. A–C. SAMC-A094525. A. General view of the colony. B. Group of zooids, showing pore-chamber windows and spines. C. Close-up of the orifice. D. Paratype, SAMC-A094513. Group of zooids with arrows indicating twinned and single interzooidal avicularia. E, F. Holotype, SAMC-A094514. E. Group of ovicelled zooids with arrows indicating vestigial ooecia. F. Close-up of the vestigial ooecia with an arrow indicating the ooecial pore. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.4 mm; C = 0.1 mm; D, E = 0.4 mm; F = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7777044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7777044/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
). These avicularia differ in shape and frequency from those in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Uttley" authorityYear="1949" box="[933,1082,1951,1977]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chaperiidae" genus="Chaperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[933,1082,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Chaperiopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: they are rare and with rounded rostra (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[233,326,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,435,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-128@5.[151,1436,417,1790]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chaperia atypica n. sp. A–C. SAMC-A094525. A. General view of the colony. B. Group of zooids, showing pore-chamber windows and spines. C. Close-up of the orifice. D. Paratype, SAMC-A094513. Group of zooids with arrows indicating twinned and single interzooidal avicularia. E, F. Holotype, SAMC-A094514. E. Group of ovicelled zooids with arrows indicating vestigial ooecia. F. Close-up of the vestigial ooecia with an arrow indicating the ooecial pore. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.4 mm; C = 0.1 mm; D, E = 0.4 mm; F = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7777044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7777044/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
), as opposed to the frequent avicularia with triangular rostra and pedunculate avicularia usually present for example in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Busk, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[421,842,151,177]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chaperiidae" genus="Chaperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="multifida">
|
||
<emphasis box="[421,681,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">Chaperiopsis multifida</emphasis>
|
||
(Busk, 1884)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1138,1283,151,177]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(e.g. Marcus 1922; O’Donoghue & de Watteville 1935;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hayward, P. J. & Cook, P. L." box="[643,916,187,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" pagination="1 - 161" refId="ref8604" refString="Hayward, P. J. & Cook, P. L. (1983) The South African Museum's Meiring Naude Cruises. Part 13, Bryozoa II. Annals of the South African Museum, 91, 1 - 161. [http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 40684336 # page / 17 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1983">Hayward & Cook 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Florence, W. K. & Hayward, P. J. & Gibbons, M. J." box="[930,1163,187,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref8087" refString="Florence, W. K., Hayward, P. J. & Gibbons, M. J. (2007) Taxonomy of shallow-water Bryozoa from the west coast of South Africa. African Natural History, 3, 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Florence
|
||
<emphasis box="[1037,1096,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and also
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1284,1436,187,213]" name="New Zealand" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gordon, D. P." box="[159,312,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref8172" refString="Gordon, D. P. (1984) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Bryozoa: Gymnolaemata from the Kermadec Ridge. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 91, 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1984">Gordon 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Vestigial ooecia (as seen in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[634,745,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,435,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-128@5.[151,1436,417,1790]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chaperia atypica n. sp. A–C. SAMC-A094525. A. General view of the colony. B. Group of zooids, showing pore-chamber windows and spines. C. Close-up of the orifice. D. Paratype, SAMC-A094513. Group of zooids with arrows indicating twinned and single interzooidal avicularia. E, F. Holotype, SAMC-A094514. E. Group of ovicelled zooids with arrows indicating vestigial ooecia. F. Close-up of the vestigial ooecia with an arrow indicating the ooecial pore. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.4 mm; C = 0.1 mm; D, E = 0.4 mm; F = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7777044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7777044/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">Fig. 2E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
) have also been reported from an Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1240,1385,223,249]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chaperiidae" genus="Chaperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1240,1346,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">Chaperia</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1352,1385,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cook, P. L. & Bock, P. E. & Hayward, P. J. & Gordon, D. P." box="[151,341,259,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" refId="ref7865" refString="Cook, P. L., Bock, P. E., Hayward, P. J. & Gordon, D. P. (2018) Class Gymnolaemata, order Cheilostomata. In: Cook, P. J., Bock, P. E., Gordon, D. P. & Weaver, H. J. (Eds.), Australian Bryozoa. Vol. 2. Taxonomy of Australian Families. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, pp. 61 - 279. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9781486306831" type="book" year="2018">
|
||
Cook
|
||
<emphasis box="[219,275,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 107, fig. 3.44A) and are likely to be typical of the genus but previously overlooked.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,151,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">
|
||
To date, this species has only been observed forming encrusting patches on the invasive mussel
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck. More" authorityYear="1819" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Mytilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="galloprovincialis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">M. galloprovincialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distributed on rocky shores from Tenza Beach to St. Francis Bay on the southeast coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |