1259 lines
189 KiB
XML
1259 lines
189 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="9DFFE556960104A0554D52D69BA8664C">Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC34901AFF5AFD2F153DFD65" blockId="26.[151,546,727,787]" box="[151,546,727,754]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
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<heading id="45205A6BAC34901AFF5AFD2F153DFD65" bold="true" box="[151,546,727,754]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC34901AFF5AFD2F153DFD65" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,546,727,754]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC34901AFF5AFD2F153DFD65" bold="true" box="[151,546,727,754]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC34901AFF5AFD2F1641FD66" bold="true" box="[151,350,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Xenia umbellata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFEA8FD20153DFD65" author="Lamarck, M. C." box="[357,546,728,754]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="388 - 421" refId="ref25933" refString="Lamarck, M. C. (1816) Les Caracteres Generaux et Particuliers de ces Animaux, leur Distribution, leur Classes, leurs Familles, leurs Genres, et la Citation des Principales Especes qui s'y Rapportent. " Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, 2, 388 - 421." type="journal article" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC34901AFF5AFD021604FC84" blockId="26.[151,546,727,787]" box="[151,283,762,787]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
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<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC34901AFF5AFD021604FC84" box="[151,283,762,787]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 16" captionStart-1="FIGURE 17" captionStart-2="FIGURE 18" captionStart-3="FIGURE 19" captionStart-4="FIGURE 20" captionStart-5="FIGURE 21" captionStart-6="FIGURE 22" captionStartId-0="27.[151,250,1585,1607]" captionStartId-1="28.[151,250,1054,1076]" captionStartId-2="28.[151,250,1636,1658]" captionStartId-3="29.[151,250,1101,1123]" captionStartId-4="29.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionStartId-5="30.[151,250,574,596]" captionStartId-6="30.[151,250,1554,1576]" captionTargetBox-0="[308,1278,193,1563]" captionTargetBox-1="[238,1348,589,1033]" captionTargetBox-2="[239,1348,1157,1602]" captionTargetBox-3="[309,1277,193,1080]" captionTargetBox-4="[302,1284,1235,1929]" captionTargetBox-5="[302,1284,193,553]" captionTargetBox-6="[306,1281,707,1533]" captionTargetId-0="figure@27.[308,1278,193,1563]" captionTargetId-1="figure@28.[238,1348,589,1033]" captionTargetId-2="figure@28.[239,1348,1157,1602]" captionTargetId-3="figure@29.[309,1277,193,1080]" captionTargetId-4="figure@29.[302,1284,1235,1929]" captionTargetId-5="figure@30.[302,1284,193,553]" captionTargetId-6="figure@30.[306,1281,707,1533]" captionTargetPageId-0="27" captionTargetPageId-1="28" captionTargetPageId-2="28" captionTargetPageId-3="29" captionTargetPageId-4="29" captionTargetPageId-5="30" captionTargetPageId-6="30" captionText-0="FIGURE 16. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816, neotype (ZMTAU CO 36788). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Fractured sclerite enlarged, composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, in part aligned horizontally on surface; c. Fractured sclerite; d. Overview of sclerites. Scale bar at a, c and d 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 17. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (ZMTAU CO 36780). Ellipsoid sclerites. Scale bar 0.010 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 18. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (ZMTAU CO 36792). Ellipsoid sclerites. Scale bar 0.010 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 19. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (ZMTAU CO 37034). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Overview of sclerites. b. Fractured sclerite enlarged, revealing sinuous dendritic structure. Scale bar at a and c 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." captionText-4="FIGURE 20. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (USNM 1202005). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Overview of sclerites; c. Fractured sclerites composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous, and radially arranged in peripheral region. Scale bar 0.010 mm." captionText-5="FIGURE 21. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (USNM 1202010). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Fractured sclerite composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous, and radially arranged in peripheral region. Scale bar 0.010 mm." captionText-6="FIGURE 22. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (USNM 1202016). a. Ellipsoid platelets, some fractured; b. Fractured sclerite (enlarged) composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous, and radially arranged in peripheral region. c. Fractured sclerite. Scale bar at a, c 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3363685/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3363687/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3363689/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3363691/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3363693/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/3363695/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/3363697/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Figs. 16–22</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="56CDBE8CAC34901AFF5AFCBB1282FB87" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC34901AFF5AFCBB150FFCCF" blockId="26.[151,1437,834,1040]" box="[151,528,834,856]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
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<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC34901AFF5AFCBB150FFCCF" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 403" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="403" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,528,834,856]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC34901AFF5AFCBB1622FCCF" box="[151,317,834,856]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Xenia umbellata</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC34901AFE89FCBA150FFCCF" author="Lamarck, M. C." box="[324,528,834,856]" page="403" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" year="1816">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFE89FCBA150FFCCF" author="Lamarck, M. C." box="[324,528,834,856]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="388 - 421" refId="ref25933" refString="Lamarck, M. C. (1816) Les Caracteres Generaux et Particuliers de ces Animaux, leur Distribution, leur Classes, leurs Familles, leurs Genres, et la Citation des Principales Especes qui s'y Rapportent. " Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, 2, 388 - 421." type="journal article" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 403</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC34901AFF5AFC9A1282FB87" blockId="26.[151,1437,834,1040]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
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<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC34901AFF5AFC9A1620FCE0" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,319,865,887]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC34901AFF5AFC9A1620FCE0" box="[151,319,865,887]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Xenia umbellata</emphasis>
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:;
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFE98FC991507FCE0" author="Savigny, J. C." box="[341,536,865,887]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" refId="ref26953" refString="Savigny, J. C. (1817) Description de l'Egypte ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pendant l'expedition de l'Armee Francaise. Atlas. Histoire naturelle, Paris, 244 pls." type="book" year="1817">Savigny 1817: 227</bibRefCitation>
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fig. 3;
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFDABFC991443FCE0" author="Ehrenberg, G. C." box="[614,860,865,887]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="225 - 380" refId="ref24747" refString="Ehrenberg, G. C. (1834) Beitrage zur physiologischen Kenntniss der Corallenthiere im allgemeinen, und besonders des Rothen Meeres, Nebst einem Versuche zur physiologischen Systematik derselben. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1, 225 - 380." type="journal article" year="1834">Ehrenberg 1834: 53–54</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFCAAFC99137CFCE0" author="Klunzinger, C. B." box="[871,1123,865,887]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" refId="ref25604" refString="Klunzinger, C. B. (1877) Die Korallthiere des Rothen Meeres. 1: Die Alcyonarien und Malacodermen. Gutmann, Berlin, 98 pp." type="book" year="1877">Klunzinger 1877: 39–40</bibRefCitation>
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fig. 3;
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFB7CFC99127EFCE0" author="Schenk, A." box="[1201,1377,865,887]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref26994" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80." type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk 1896: 57</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFAA0FC9A1654FC01" author="May, W." pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref26131" refString="May, W. (1899) Beitrage zur Systematik und Chorologie der Alcyonaceen. Jenaische Zeitsch. Naturwiss, 33 (Neue Folge 26), 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="1899">
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<date id="6A69CBC7AC34901AFAA0FC9A17E2FC01" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" value="1899-05">May 1899</date>
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: 16–18
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFE9AFC79150DFC01" author="May, W." box="[343,530,896,918]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref26131" refString="May, W. (1899) Beitrage zur Systematik und Chorologie der Alcyonaceen. Jenaische Zeitsch. Naturwiss, 33 (Neue Folge 26), 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="1899">
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<date id="6A69CBC7AC34901AFE9AFC7916DBFC01" box="[343,452,896,918]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" value="1899-05">May 1899</date>
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: 82–84
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFDD3FC78143AFC01" author="Ashworth, J. H." box="[542,805,896,918]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="509 - 530" refId="ref24203" refString="Ashworth, J. H. (1900) Report on the Xeniidae collected by Dr. Willey. In: Zoological results based on material from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty Islands and elsewhere, collected by Dr. A. Willey during the years 1895 - 1897. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 509 - 530." type="book chapter" year="1900">Ashworth 1900: 513–516</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC34901AFCE3FC7814B5FC01" box="[814,938,896,918]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 10" captionStart-1="FIGURE 11" captionStart-2="FIGURE 12" captionStart-3="FIGURE 13" captionStartId-0="18.[151,250,1831,1853]" captionStartId-1="19.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionStartId-2="20.[151,250,1123,1145]" captionStartId-3="22.[151,250,1575,1597]" captionTargetBox-0="[241,1357,538,1806]" captionTargetBox-1="[309,1277,669,1887]" captionTargetBox-2="[309,1277,193,1102]" captionTargetBox-3="[309,1278,193,1554]" captionTargetId-0="figure@18.[241,1357,538,1806]" captionTargetId-1="figure@19.[309,1277,657,1887]" captionTargetId-2="figure@20.[309,1277,193,1102]" captionTargetId-3="figure@22.[309,1278,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionTargetPageId-2="20" captionTargetPageId-3="22" captionText-0="FIGURE 10. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia multispiculata Schenk, 1896 Syntype (ZMB 6920). a. Ellipsoid platelets, some fractured; b. Fractured sclerites; c. Fractured sclerites composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous, radially arranged in the peripheral region. Scale bar at a and b 0.010 mm, at c 0.002 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 11. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia novaebritanniae Schenk, 1896 syntype (BML 1962.7.20.148). a. Ellipsoid platelets, fractured; b. Fractured sclerite; c. Fractured sclerites enlarged composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous, radially arranged in peripheral region. Scale bar at a and b 0.010 mm, at c 0.002 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 12. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia novaebritanniae Schenck, 1896 syntype (BMNH 1962.7.20.149). a. Ellipsoid platelets, fractured; b. Fractured sclerites; c. Fractured sclerite enlarged, composed of calcite rods. Scale bar at a and b 0.010 mm, at c 0.002 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 13. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia rubens Schenk, 1896 type (SMF 46). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Fractured sclerites revealing internal void; c. Overview of sclerites. Scale bar at a 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm, at c 0.020 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3363673/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3363675/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3363677/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3363679/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Figs. 10–13</figureCitation>
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFC7BFC7813D9FC01" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[950,1222,896,918]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="635 - 662" refId="ref25770" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1902) Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonarien: I. Die Familie der Xeniiden. Zoologisches Jahrbuch, Abteilung fur systematic, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 15, 635 - 662. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 19040" type="journal article" year="1902">Kükenthal 1902: 650–651</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; 1904: 34;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFAF1FC7816CDFC23" author="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D." pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="269 - 328" refId="ref27173" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D. (1905) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by Professor Herdman at Ceylon, in 1902. Ceylon Pearl Oyster Fisheries supplementary reports, 20, 269 - 328." type="journal article" year="1905">Thomson and Henderson 1905: 273</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFE10FC661566FC23" author="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D." box="[477,633,926,948]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" refId="ref27216" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D. (1906) Alcyonacean from Zanzibar, the Marine Fauna of Zanzibar and British East Africa from Collections made by Cyril Crossland in the years 1901 - 1902. Alcyonaria. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 393 - 44." type="book" year="1906">1906: 410–411</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFD49FC6614D1FC23" author="Thomson, M. A. & McQueen, J. M." box="[644,974,926,948]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="48 - 74" refId="ref27272" refString="Thomson, M. A. & McQueen, J. M. (1907) Report on the Marine Biology of the Sudanese Red Sea. - VIII. The Alcyonarians. Journal of The Linnaean Society of London, 35, 48 - 74." type="journal article" year="1907">Thomson & McQueen 1907: 50</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFC17FC6613D4FC23" author="Gravier, C." box="[986,1227,926,948]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="179 - 266" refId="ref24955" refString="Gravier, C. (1908) Recherches sur quelques Alcyonaires du Golfe de Tadjourah. Archives de zoologie experimentale et generale, Series 4, 8 (2), 179 - 266, pls. 5 - 11." type="journal article" year="1908">Gravier 1908: 206–207</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFB1BFC661288FC23" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[1238,1431,926,948]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref25894" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1913) Alcyonaria des Roten Meeres. In: Expeditionen S. M. Schiff " pola " in das Rote Meer. Zoologische Ergebnisse, 29, pp. 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1913">Kükenthal 1913: 7</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFF0AFC45151CFC44" author="Thomson, J. A. & Dean, L. M. I." box="[199,515,957,979]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="1 - 227" refId="ref27319" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Dean, L. M. I. (1931) The Alcyonacea of the Siboga expedition: with an addendum to the Gorgonacea. Siboga Expedition Monograph, 13 d, 1 - 227, 28 pls." type="book chapter" year="1931">Thomson & Dean 1931: 26–27</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFDC1FC451413FC44" author="Hickson, S. J." box="[524,780,957,979]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="137 - 179" refId="ref25290" refString="Hickson, S. J. (1931 a) The alcyonarian family Xeniidae, with a revision of the genera and species. Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1931, 137 - 179." type="journal article" year="1931">Hickson 1931a: 156–157</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFCDBFC4614C5FC44" author="Roxas, H. A." box="[790,986,957,979]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="49 - 108" refId="ref26841" refString="Roxas, H. A. (1933) Philippine Alcyonaria, the Families Cornulariidae and Xeniidae. The Philippine Journal of Science, 50, 49 - 108." type="journal article" year="1933">Roxas 1933: 88–89</bibRefCitation>
|
||
fig. 3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFBECFC4513F7FC44" author="Gohar, H. A. F." box="[1057,1256,957,979]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="27 - 118" refId="ref24908" refString="Gohar, H. A. F. (1940) Studies on the Xeniidae of the Red Sea. Their ecology, physiology, taxonomy and phylogeny. Publications of the Marine Biological Station, Ghardaqa, Red Sea, 2, 27 - 118." type="journal article" year="1940">Gohar 1940: 93–95</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFB3FFC451616FC65" author="Verseveldt, J." pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="28 - 48" refId="ref27640" refString="Verseveldt, J. (1965) Report on the Octocorallia (Stolonifera and Alcyonacea) of the Israel South Red Sea Expedition 1962, with notes on other collections from the Red Sea. Fishery Research Station Haifa Bulletin, 40, 28 - 48." type="journal article" year="1965">Verseveldt 1965: 46–47</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFED9FC241537FC65" author="Tixier-Durivault, A." box="[276,552,988,1010]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="1 - 456" refId="ref27154" refString="Tixier-Durivault, A. (1966) Octocoralliaires. Faune de Madagascar, 21, 1 - 456." type="journal article" year="1966">Tixier-Durivault 1966: 367</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig 330; Verseveldt 1971: 63;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFCACFC2414EDFC65" author="Utinomi, H." box="[865,1010,988,1010]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref27449" refString="Utinomi, H. (1977) Shallow-water octocorals of the Ryukyu Archipelago (Part II). Sesoko Marine Science Laboratory Technical Report, 5, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1977">Utinomi 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFC31FC2413D0FC65" author="Benayahu, Y." box="[1020,1231,988,1010]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="113 - 120" refId="ref24267" refString="Benayahu, Y. (1990) Xeniidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from the Red Sea with description of a new species. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 64, 113 - 120." type="journal article" year="1990">Benayahu 1990: 118</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, table 1, listed only;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFF0AFC021649FB87" author="Imahara, Y." box="[199,342,1018,1040]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="17 - 44" refId="ref25361" refString="Imahara, Y. (1996). Previously recorded octocorals from Japan and adjacent seas. Precious Corals & Octocoral Research, 4, 17 - 44." type="journal article" year="1996">Imahara 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFE92FC0216EAFB87" author="Reinicke, G. B." box="[351,501,1018,1040]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="5 - 62" refId="ref26705" refString="Reinicke, G. B. (1997) Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Red Sea, with descriptions of six new species of Xenia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 16, 5 - 62." type="journal article" year="1997">Reinicke 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFE33FC021416FB87" author="Benayahu, Y. & Tesfamariam, Y. & Schleyer, M. H." box="[510,777,1018,1040]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="273 - 283" refId="ref24440" refString="Benayahu, Y., Tesfamariam, Y. & Schleyer, M. H. (2002) Soft corals (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) of the southern Red Sea. Israel Journal of Zoology, 48, 273 - 283. https: // doi. org / 10.1560 / HYC 7 - TUTH-EV 77 - BEUQ" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Benayahu
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC34901AFDA7FC031582FB87" box="[618,669,1018,1040]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002: 279
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, table 1, listed only;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFC17FC0213FBFB87" author="Haverkort-Yeh, R. D. & McFadden, C. S. & Benayahu, Y. & Berumen, M. & Halasz, A. & Toonen, R. J." box="[986,1252,1018,1040]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="279 - 291" refId="ref25144" refString="Haverkort-Yeh, R. D., McFadden, C. S., Benayahu, Y., Berumen, M., Halasz, A. & Toonen, R. J. (2013) A taxonomic survey of Saudi Arabian Red Sea octocorals (Cnidaria: Alcyonacea). Marine Biodiversity, 43, 279 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 013 - 0157 - 4" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Haverkort-Yeh
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC34901AFBBBFC0313BDFB87" box="[1142,1186,1018,1040]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC34901AFB23FC031286FB87" author="Janes, M. P. & McFadden, C. S. & Chanmethakul, T." box="[1262,1433,1018,1040]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref25492" refString="Janes, M. P., McFadden, C. S. & Chanmethakul, T. (2014) A new species of Ovabunda (Octocorallia, Xeniidae) from the Andaman Sea, Thailand with notes on the biogeography of this genus. Zookeys, 431, 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 431.7751" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Janes
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC34901AFAE6FC031248FB87" box="[1323,1367,1018,1040]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="56CDBE8CAC34901CFF5AFBC5164BFF43" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC34901AFF5AFBC516DAF9C6" blockId="26.[151,1437,1085,1977]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC34901AFF5AFBC51619FBC1" bold="true" box="[151,262,1085,1110]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="AEBFE75AAC34901AFEDAFBC51286FBED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2313475040" collectingDate="2010-03-19" collectionCode="ZMTAU, IUI" county="Marine Sciences in Eilat" elevation="12" latitude="29.50403" location="northern Red Sea" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.919403" municipality="Interuniversity Institute" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" specimenCode="CO 36788" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="neotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC34901AFEDAFBC5169DFBC1" bold="true" box="[279,386,1085,1110]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC34901AFEDAFBC51662FBC1" box="[279,381,1085,1110]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="78C675C2AC34901AFE5EFBC616EBFBC1" box="[403,500,1086,1110]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">ZMTAU</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="4E71457CAC34901AFDC8FBC6159AFBC1" box="[517,645,1085,1110]" collectionCode="ZMTAU" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">CO 36788</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="1B08BBDCAC34901AFD57FBC5146DFBC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967E5C11AC349021FF5AFD2F1559FB87:1B08BBDCAC34901AFD57FBC5146DFBC1" box="[666,882,1085,1110]" county="Marine Sciences in Eilat" latitude="29.50403" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.919403" municipality="Interuniversity Institute" name="northern Red Sea" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">northern Red Sea</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="1B08BBDCAC34901AFC4AFBC51320FBC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967E5C11AC349021FF5AFD2F1559FB87:1B08BBDCAC34901AFC4AFBC51320FBC1" box="[903,1087,1085,1110]" county="Marine Sciences in Eilat" latitude="29.50403" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.919403" municipality="Interuniversity Institute" name="Gulf of Aqaba" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Gulf of Aqaba</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="1B08BBDCAC34901AFB99FBC51393FBC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967E5C11AC349021FF5AFD2F1559FB87:1B08BBDCAC34901AFB99FBC51393FBC1" box="[1108,1164,1085,1110]" county="Marine Sciences in Eilat" latitude="29.50403" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.919403" municipality="Interuniversity Institute" name="Eilat" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Eilat</location>
|
||
, reef across from the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="FE0C777DAC34901AFF5AFB991680FBED" box="[151,415,1121,1146]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Interuniversity Institute</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
for
|
||
<collectingCounty id="F709958BAC34901AFE03FB9915FEFBED" box="[462,737,1121,1146]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Marine Sciences in Eilat</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="78C675C2AC34901AFD3DFB9A1406FBED" box="[752,793,1122,1146]" country="South Korea" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13275" name="Inha University" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="Herbarium">IUI</collectionCode>
|
||
) (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC34901AFCFCFB9914F6FBED" box="[817,1001,1121,1146]" degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="1" seconds="14.508" value="29.50403">29°30'14.508"N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC34901AFC38FB991390FBED" box="[1013,1167,1121,1146]" degrees="34" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="1" seconds="9.84" value="34.919403">34°55'9.84"E</geoCoordinate>
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||
),
|
||
<elevation id="95FA0A34AC34901AFB6FFB9A13C1FBEE" box="[1186,1246,1122,1146]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="12.0">
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||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC34901AFB6FFB9A13C1FBEE" box="[1186,1246,1122,1146]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="7A2D322FAC34901AFB24FB9A1286FBED" box="[1257,1433,1121,1146]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" value="2010-03-19">
|
||
<date id="6A69CBC7AC34901AFB24FB9A1286FBED" box="[1257,1433,1121,1146]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" value="2010-03-19">19 March 2010</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. Additional material:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="AEBFE75AAC34901AFE5AFB7E1533FB55" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2313475051" collectingDate="2010-01-05" collectionCode="ZMTAU" county="Eilat" elevation="5" latitude="29.501816" location="northern Red Sea" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.9179" municipality="Gulf of Aqaba" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" specimenCode="CO 36780" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="78C675C2AC34901AFE5AFB7E16E7FB09" box="[407,504,1158,1182]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">ZMTAU</collectionCode>
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||
<specimenCode id="4E71457CAC34901AFDC1FB7E1591FB09" box="[524,654,1157,1182]" collectionCode="ZMTAU" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">CO 36780</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="1B08BBDCAC34901AFD68FB7D149EFB09" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967E5C11AC349021FF5AFD2F1559FB87:1B08BBDCAC34901AFD68FB7D149EFB09" box="[677,897,1157,1182]" county="Eilat" latitude="29.501816" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.9179" municipality="Gulf of Aqaba" name="northern Red Sea" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">northern Red Sea</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="FE0C777DAC34901AFC54FB7D134AFB09" box="[921,1109,1157,1182]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Gulf of Aqaba</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="F709958BAC34901AFBA6FB7D13BCFB09" box="[1131,1187,1157,1182]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Eilat</collectingCounty>
|
||
, IUI (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC34901AFB31FB7D1287FB09" box="[1276,1432,1157,1182]" degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="1" seconds="6.54" value="29.501816">29°30'6.54''N</geoCoordinate>
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||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC34901AFF5AFB51162CFB55" box="[151,307,1193,1218]" degrees="34" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="1" seconds="4.44" value="34.9179">34°55’4.44''E</geoCoordinate>
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||
),
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||
<elevation id="95FA0A34AC34901AFE8BFB51166CFB56" box="[326,371,1193,1218]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="5.0">
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<quantity id="D92F40E2AC34901AFE8BFB51166CFB56" box="[326,371,1193,1218]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
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||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="7A2D322FAC34901AFEB3FB511533FB55" box="[382,556,1193,1218]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" value="2010-01-05">
|
||
<date id="6A69CBC7AC34901AFEB3FB511533FB55" box="[382,556,1193,1218]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" value="2010-01-05">5 January 2010</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="AEBFE75AAC34901AFDFAFB5214D1FB71" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2313475055" collectingDate="2010-06-30" collectionCode="ZMTAU" county="Pyramid" elevation="22" latitude="29.54575" location="northern Red Sea" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.95731" municipality="Eilat" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" specimenCode="CO 36792" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="78C675C2AC34901AFDFAFB521587FB55" box="[567,664,1194,1218]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">ZMTAU</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="4E71457CAC34901AFD52FB52140AFB55" box="[671,789,1193,1218]" collectionCode="ZMTAU" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">CO 36792</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="1B08BBDCAC34901AFCEDFB5114FBFB55" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967E5C11AC349021FF5AFD2F1559FB87:1B08BBDCAC34901AFCEDFB5114FBFB55" box="[800,996,1193,1218]" county="Pyramid" latitude="29.54575" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.95731" municipality="Eilat" name="northern Red Sea" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">northern Red Sea</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="1B08BBDCAC34901AFC22FB51138CFB55" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967E5C11AC349021FF5AFD2F1559FB87:1B08BBDCAC34901AFC22FB51138CFB55" box="[1007,1171,1193,1218]" county="Pyramid" latitude="29.54575" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.95731" municipality="Eilat" name="Gulf of Aqaba" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Gulf of Aqaba</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="FE0C777DAC34901AFB53FB5113C9FB55" box="[1182,1238,1193,1218]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Eilat</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, the
|
||
<collectingCounty id="F709958BAC34901AFAC4FB511277FB55" box="[1289,1384,1193,1218]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Pyramid</collectingCounty>
|
||
site, on artificial reef (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC34901AFEAFFB3616E1FB71" box="[354,510,1230,1254]" degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="1" seconds="44.7" value="29.54575">29°32'44.7"N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC34901AFDC1FB3515CFFB71" box="[524,720,1229,1254]" degrees="34" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="1" seconds="26.3154" value="34.95731">34°57'26.3154"E</geoCoordinate>
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||
),
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<elevation id="95FA0A34AC34901AFD28FB36143CFB72" box="[741,803,1230,1254]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="22.0">
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<quantity id="D92F40E2AC34901AFD28FB36143CFB72" box="[741,803,1230,1254]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="22.0">22 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="7A2D322FAC34901AFCFCFB3614D1FB71" box="[817,974,1230,1254]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" value="2010-06-30">
|
||
<date id="6A69CBC7AC34901AFCFCFB3614D1FB71" box="[817,974,1230,1254]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" value="2010-06-30">30 June 2010</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="AEBFE75AAC34901AFC11FB361286FA9D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2313475050" collectingDate="2010-06-22" collectionCode="ZMTAU" county="Underwater" elevation="8" latitude="29.547064" location="northern Red Sea" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.954033" municipality="Eilat" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" specimenCode="CO 37034" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="78C675C2AC34901AFC11FB361322FB71" box="[988,1085,1230,1254]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">ZMTAU</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="4E71457CAC34901AFB8AFB3613DEFB71" box="[1095,1217,1230,1254]" collectionCode="ZMTAU" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">CO 37034</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="1B08BBDCAC34901AFB03FB351287FB71" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967E5C11AC349021FF5AFD2F1559FB87:1B08BBDCAC34901AFB03FB351287FB71" box="[1230,1432,1229,1254]" county="Underwater" latitude="29.547064" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.954033" municipality="Eilat" name="northern Red Sea" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">northern Red Sea</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="1B08BBDCAC34901AFF5AFB091622FA9D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967E5C11AC349021FF5AFD2F1559FB87:1B08BBDCAC34901AFF5AFB091622FA9D" box="[151,317,1265,1290]" county="Underwater" latitude="29.547064" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.954033" municipality="Eilat" name="Gulf of Aqaba" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Gulf of Aqaba</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="FE0C777DAC34901AFE84FB09169EFA9D" box="[329,385,1265,1290]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Eilat</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="F709958BAC34901AFE40FB09150EFA9D" box="[397,529,1265,1290]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Underwater</collectingCounty>
|
||
restaurant, on artificial reef (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC34901AFC91FB0A14E2FA9D" box="[860,1021,1266,1290]" degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="1" seconds="49.43" value="29.547064">29°32'49.43N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC34901AFBC4FB0913B0FA9D" box="[1033,1199,1265,1290]" degrees="34" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="1" seconds="14.51" value="34.954033">34°57'14.51''E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<elevation id="95FA0A34AC34901AFB0EFB0A13EEFA9E" box="[1219,1265,1266,1290]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="8.0">
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC34901AFB0EFB0A13EEFA9E" box="[1219,1265,1266,1290]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="7A2D322FAC34901AFB33FB0A1286FA9D" box="[1278,1433,1266,1290]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" value="2010-06-22">
|
||
<date id="6A69CBC7AC34901AFB33FB0A1286FA9D" box="[1278,1433,1266,1290]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" value="2010-06-22">22 June 2010</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="AEBFE75AAC34901AFF5AFAEE156DFABA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2313475042" box="[151,626,1301,1326]" collectionCode="ZMTAU" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" specimenCode="CO 36783" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="78C675C2AC34901AFF5AFAEE17E7FAB9" box="[151,248,1302,1326]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">ZMTAU</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="4E71457CAC34901AFECEFAEE1661FAB9" box="[259,382,1301,1326]" collectionCode="ZMTAU" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">CO 36783</specimenCode>
|
||
, collection details as
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="AEBFE75AAC34901AFDB0FAEE147AFAB9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2313475046" box="[637,869,1301,1326]" collectionCode="ZMTAU" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" specimenCode="CO 36780" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="78C675C2AC34901AFDB0FAEE15C1FAB9" box="[637,734,1302,1326]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">ZMTAU</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="4E71457CAC34901AFD24FAEE147AFAB9" box="[745,869,1301,1326]" collectionCode="ZMTAU" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">CO 36780</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="AEBFE75AAC34901AFCB9FAEE1385FAC5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2313475054" collectingDate="2010-01-26" collectionCode="ZMTAU" county="Dekel" elevation="5" latitude="29.540602" location="northern Red Sea" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.947983" municipality="Eilat" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" specimenCode="CO 36784" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="78C675C2AC34901AFCB9FAEE14CAFAB9" box="[884,981,1302,1326]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">ZMTAU</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="4E71457CAC34901AFC2DFAEE1344FAB9" box="[992,1115,1301,1326]" collectionCode="ZMTAU" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">CO 36784</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="1B08BBDCAC34901AFBA7FAED1228FAB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967E5C11AC349021FF5AFD2F1559FB87:1B08BBDCAC34901AFBA7FAED1228FAB9" box="[1130,1335,1301,1326]" county="Dekel" latitude="29.540602" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.947983" municipality="Eilat" name="northern Red Sea" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">northern Red Sea</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="1B08BBDCAC34901AFA8AFAED17FCFAC5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967E5C11AC349021FF5AFD2F1559FB87:1B08BBDCAC34901AFA8AFAED17FCFAC5" county="Dekel" latitude="29.540602" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.947983" municipality="Eilat" name="Gulf of Aqaba" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Gulf of Aqaba</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="FE0C777DAC34901AFF39FAC11633FAC5" box="[244,300,1337,1362]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Eilat</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="F709958BAC34901AFEF3FAC1169EFAC5" box="[318,385,1337,1362]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Dekel</collectingCounty>
|
||
beach (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC34901AFE29FAC115B3FAC5" box="[484,684,1337,1362]" degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="1" seconds="26.1708" value="29.540602">29°32'26.1708"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC34901AFD70FAC1146CFAC5" box="[701,883,1337,1362]" degrees="34" direction="east" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="1" seconds="52.731" value="34.947983">34°56'52.731"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<elevation id="95FA0A34AC34901AFC41FAC114DFFAC6" box="[908,960,1337,1362]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="5.0">
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC34901AFC41FAC114DFFAC6" box="[908,960,1337,1362]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="7A2D322FAC34901AFC1CFAC11385FAC5" box="[977,1178,1337,1362]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" value="2010-01-26">
|
||
<date id="6A69CBC7AC34901AFC1CFAC11385FAC5" box="[977,1178,1337,1362]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" value="2010-01-26">26 January 2010</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="AEBFE75AAC34901AFB61FAC21288FAE1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2313475043" collectingDate="2010-05-04" collectionCode="ZMTAU" county="Tur Yam" elevation="5" latitude="29.515694" location="northern Red Sea" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.926723" municipality="Eilat" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" specimenCode="CO 36790" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="78C675C2AC34901AFB61FAC21212FAC5" box="[1196,1293,1338,1362]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">ZMTAU</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="4E71457CAC34901AFAD6FAC21287FAC5" box="[1307,1432,1337,1362]" collectionCode="ZMTAU" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">CO 36790</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="1B08BBDCAC34901AFF5AFAA5167CFAE1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967E5C11AC349021FF5AFD2F1559FB87:1B08BBDCAC34901AFF5AFAA5167CFAE1" box="[151,355,1373,1398]" county="Tur Yam" latitude="29.515694" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.926723" municipality="Eilat" name="northern Red Sea" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">northern Red Sea</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="1B08BBDCAC34901AFEBFFAA51501FAE1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967E5C11AC349021FF5AFD2F1559FB87:1B08BBDCAC34901AFEBFFAA51501FAE1" box="[370,542,1373,1398]" county="Tur Yam" latitude="29.515694" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.926723" municipality="Eilat" name="Gulf of Aqaba" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Gulf of Aqaba</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="FE0C777DAC34901AFDE0FAA5157AFAE1" box="[557,613,1373,1398]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Eilat</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="F709958BAC34901AFDBEFAA615C6FAE2" box="[627,729,1374,1397]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Tur Yam</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC34901AFD26FAA614D8FAE1" box="[747,967,1373,1398]" degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="1" seconds="56.4978" value="29.515694">29° 30' 56.4978"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC34901AFC1BFAA613B0FAE1" box="[982,1199,1373,1398]" degrees="34" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="1" seconds="36.1986" value="34.926723">34° 55' 36.1986"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<elevation id="95FA0A34AC34901AFB0BFAA513E8FAE2" box="[1222,1271,1373,1398]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="5.0">
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC34901AFB0BFAA513E8FAE2" box="[1222,1271,1373,1398]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="7A2D322FAC34901AFACBFAA61288FAE1" box="[1286,1431,1374,1398]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" value="2010-05-04">
|
||
<date id="6A69CBC7AC34901AFACBFAA61288FAE1" box="[1286,1431,1374,1398]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" value="2010-05-04">4 May 2010</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="AEBFE75AAC34901AFF5AFA7A155FFA29" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2313475049" collectingDate="2010-06-23" collectionCode="ZMTAU" county="Underwater" elevation="11" latitude="29.547064" location="northern Red Sea" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.954033" municipality="Eilat" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" specimenCode="CO 36791" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="78C675C2AC34901AFF5AFA7A17E7FA0D" box="[151,248,1410,1434]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">ZMTAU</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="4E71457CAC34901AFEC0FA7A168CFA0D" box="[269,403,1409,1434]" collectionCode="ZMTAU" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">CO 36791</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="1B08BBDCAC34901AFE61FA791592FA0D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967E5C11AC349021FF5AFD2F1559FB87:1B08BBDCAC34901AFE61FA791592FA0D" box="[428,653,1409,1434]" county="Underwater" latitude="29.547064" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.954033" municipality="Eilat" name="northern Red Sea" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">northern Red Sea</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="1B08BBDCAC34901AFD6AFA791477FA0D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967E5C11AC349021FF5AFD2F1559FB87:1B08BBDCAC34901AFD6AFA791477FA0D" box="[679,872,1409,1434]" county="Underwater" latitude="29.547064" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.954033" municipality="Eilat" name="Gulf of Aqaba" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Gulf of Aqaba</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="FE0C777DAC34901AFC4CFA7914A6FA0D" box="[897,953,1409,1434]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Eilat</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="F709958BAC34901AFC1FFA791349FA0D" box="[978,1110,1409,1434]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Underwater</collectingCounty>
|
||
restaurant (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC34901AFB35FA7A1287FA0D" box="[1272,1432,1410,1434]" degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="1" seconds="49.43" value="29.547064">29°32'49.43N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC34901AFF5AFA5D1622FA29" box="[151,317,1445,1470]" degrees="34" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="1" seconds="14.51" value="34.954033">34°57'14.51''E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<elevation id="95FA0A34AC34901AFE99FA5E168EFA2A" box="[340,401,1446,1470]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="11.0">
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC34901AFE99FA5E168EFA2A" box="[340,401,1446,1470]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="11.0">11 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="7A2D322FAC34901AFE6DFA5E155FFA29" box="[416,576,1446,1470]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" value="2010-06-23">
|
||
<date id="6A69CBC7AC34901AFE6DFA5E155FFA29" box="[416,576,1446,1470]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" value="2010-06-23">23 June 2010</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="AEBFE75AAC34901AFD83FA5D133DFA29" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2313475044" box="[590,1058,1445,1470]" collectorName="A. Halasz" location="All" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="1B08BBDCAC34901AFD83FA5D156DFA29" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967E5C11AC349021FF5AFD2F1559FB87:1B08BBDCAC34901AFD83FA5D156DFA29" box="[590,626,1445,1470]" name="All" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">All</location>
|
||
of the above collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="B32288D1AC34901AFC60FA5E133DFA29" box="[941,1058,1445,1470]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">A. Halász</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="AEBFE75AAC34901AFBFDFA5E1561FA75" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2313475053" collectingDate="2011-04-23" collectionCode="USNM" country="Saudi Arabia" latitude="21.716667" location="Jeddah" longLatPrecision="1262" longitude="39.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" specimenCode="USNM 1202005" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="4E71457CAC34901AFBFDFA5E13EEFA29" box="[1072,1265,1445,1470]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="Museum">USNM 1202005</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC34901AFB32FA5D1287FA29" box="[1279,1432,1445,1470]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="1B08BBDCAC34901AFF5AFA3117F7FA75" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967E5C11AC349021FF5AFD2F1559FB87:1B08BBDCAC34901AFF5AFA3117F7FA75" box="[151,232,1481,1506]" country="Saudi Arabia" latitude="21.716667" longLatPrecision="1262" longitude="39.1" name="Jeddah" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Jeddah</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC34901AFF35FA321648FA75" box="[248,343,1482,1506]" degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="925" value="21.716667">21°43'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC34901AFEAAFA3116DCFA75" box="[359,451,1481,1506]" degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="925" value="39.1">39°06'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="7A2D322FAC34901AFE19FA321561FA75" box="[468,638,1481,1506]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" value="2011-04-23">
|
||
<date id="6A69CBC7AC34901AFE19FA321561FA75" box="[468,638,1481,1506]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" value="2011-04-23">23 April 2011</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="AEBFE75AAC34901AFD43FA3214ECFA75" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2313475041" box="[654,1011,1481,1506]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Saudi Arabia" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" specimenCode="USNM 1202010" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="4E71457CAC34901AFD43FA32144EFA75" box="[654,849,1482,1506]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="Museum">USNM 1202010</specimenCode>
|
||
, same details
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="AEBFE75AAC34901AFBC9FA321283FA75" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2313475056" box="[1028,1436,1481,1506]" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="All" country="Saudi Arabia" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" specimenCode="USNM 1202016" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="4E71457CAC34901AFBC9FA3213D9FA75" box="[1028,1222,1481,1506]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="Museum">USNM 1202016</specimenCode>
|
||
, same details.
|
||
<collectorName id="B32288D1AC34901AFAB5FA311283FA75" box="[1400,1436,1481,1506]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">All</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<collectionCode id="78C675C2AC34901AFF5AFA1617F7F991" box="[151,232,1518,1542]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
material above collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="B32288D1AC34901AFDEAFA1615EEF991" box="[551,753,1517,1542]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">R. Haverkort-Yeh</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="AEBFE75AAC34901AFD31FA161495F9BB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2313475064" collectingDate="2007-07-24" collectionCode="ZMTAU" country="Saudi Arabia" county="Nature" elevation="4" latitude="29.51" location="northern Red Sea" longLatPrecision="92" longitude="34.9225" municipality="Eilat" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" specimenCode="CO 34073" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="78C675C2AC34901AFD31FA161442F991" box="[764,861,1518,1542]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">ZMTAU</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="4E71457CAC34901AFCA9FA1614C5F991" box="[868,986,1518,1542]" collectionCode="ZMTAU" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">CO 34073</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="1B08BBDCAC34901AFC29FA1513B7F991" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967E5C11AC349021FF5AFD2F1559FB87:1B08BBDCAC34901AFC29FA1513B7F991" box="[996,1192,1517,1542]" country="Saudi Arabia" county="Nature" latitude="29.51" longLatPrecision="92" longitude="34.9225" municipality="Eilat" name="northern Red Sea" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">northern Red Sea</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="1B08BBDCAC34901AFB7FFA151249F991" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967E5C11AC349021FF5AFD2F1559FB87:1B08BBDCAC34901AFB7FFA151249F991" box="[1202,1366,1517,1542]" country="Saudi Arabia" county="Nature" latitude="29.51" longLatPrecision="92" longitude="34.9225" municipality="Eilat" name="Gulf of Aqaba" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Gulf of Aqaba</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="FE0C777DAC34901AFAADFA151287F991" box="[1376,1432,1517,1542]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Eilat</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="F709958BAC34901AFF5AF9ED17FCF9BB" box="[151,227,1557,1580]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Nature</collectingCounty>
|
||
reserve, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC34901AFE98F9EC16D8F9BA" box="[341,455,1552,1581]" degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="30.6" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="92" value="29.51">
|
||
29
|
||
<superScript id="E9A2404FAC34901AFEBFF9E81666F989" attach="none" box="[370,377,1552,1566]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">o</superScript>
|
||
30.6'N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC34901AFE19F9EC1545F9BA" box="[468,602,1552,1581]" degrees="34" direction="east" minutes="55.35" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="9" value="34.9225">
|
||
34
|
||
<superScript id="E9A2404FAC34901AFE38F9E816E2F989" attach="right" box="[501,509,1552,1566]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">o</superScript>
|
||
55.35'E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<elevation id="95FA0A34AC34901AFDBDF9EC15FBF9BB" box="[624,740,1556,1581]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="3.95" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="2.4">
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC34901AFDBDF9EC15FBF9BB" box="[624,740,1556,1581]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="3.95" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="2.4">2.4–5.5 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="7A2D322FAC34901AFD3FF9EC1495F9BB" box="[754,906,1556,1581]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" value="2007-07-24">
|
||
<date id="6A69CBC7AC34901AFD3FF9EC1495F9BB" box="[754,906,1556,1581]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" value="2007-07-24">24 July 2007</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, coll. Y. Benayahu;
|
||
<collectionCode id="78C675C2AC34901AFBBFF9EC13CCF9BB" box="[1138,1235,1556,1580]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">ZMTAU</collectionCode>
|
||
CO 34072, same collection details as above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC34901AFF0AF9A41621F893" blockId="26.[151,1437,1085,1977]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC34901AFF0AF9A41646F9E2" bold="true" box="[199,345,1628,1653]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC34901AFE5DF9A516F3F9E2" box="[400,492,1629,1653]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="78C675C2AC34901AFE3BF9A41548F9E3" box="[502,599,1628,1652]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">ZMTAU</collectionCode>
|
||
CO 36788, consists of one colony growing on a dead colony of a branched stony coral. Its maximal height is
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC34901AFDEDF978156BF90F" box="[544,628,1664,1688]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
; the stalk is unbranched, up to
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC34901AFC10F978133FF90F" box="[989,1056,1664,1689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC34901AFB58F97813C7F90F" box="[1173,1240,1664,1688]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. The polyp body is up to
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC34901AFEFEF95C166AF92B" box="[307,373,1700,1724]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, and the tentacles up to
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC34901AFD0FF95C142AF92B" box="[706,821,1700,1725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="4.25" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. The slender pinnules are up to
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC34901AFB11F95C122CF92B" box="[1244,1331,1700,1725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC34901AFF5AF93017F2F977" box="[151,237,1736,1760]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, with a pinnule-wide space between them. The pinnules are arranged in three rows with
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC34901AFADDF930126CF976" box="[1296,1395,1736,1761]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.207" metricValueMax="5.588" metricValueMin="4.826" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="in" value="20.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="19.0">19–22 in</quantity>
|
||
the outermost one.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC34901AFF0AF8E81402F82E" blockId="26.[151,1437,1085,1977]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
|
||
Sclerites are ellipsoid platelets, abundant in all parts of the colony, measuring
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC34901AFBFDF8E81370F8BE" box="[1072,1135,1808,1833]" degrees="0.008" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="55" value="0.008">0.008</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC34901AFBA2F8E813A3F8BE" box="[1135,1212,1808,1833]" degrees="0.015" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="55" value="-0.015">–0.015</geoCoordinate>
|
||
X
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC34901AFB13F8E81282F8BF" box="[1246,1437,1808,1833]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="0.019" valueMax="0.025" valueMin="0.013">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC34901AFB13F8E81202F8BE" box="[1246,1309,1808,1833]" degrees="0.013" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="55" value="0.013">0.013</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC34901AFAD1F8E81275F8BE" box="[1308,1386,1808,1833]" degrees="0.025" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" precision="55" value="-0.025">–0.025</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC34901AFEE0F8CC169CF8DA" box="[301,387,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1585,1607]" captionTargetBox="[308,1278,193,1563]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[308,1278,193,1563]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816, neotype (ZMTAU CO 36788). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Fractured sclerite enlarged, composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, in part aligned horizontally on surface; c. Fractured sclerite; d. Overview of sclerites. Scale bar at a, c and d 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363685/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
, n=20). They are composed of calcite rods, uniform in width (
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC34901AFBAAF8CC13EEF8DB" box="[1127,1265,1844,1868]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.2 µm</quantity>
|
||
). The rods are arranged more or less randomly and their distal tips are aligned in part parallel to the surface of the sclerite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC34901AFAA2F8A017C0F803" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1585,1607]" captionTargetBox="[308,1278,193,1563]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[308,1278,193,1563]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816, neotype (ZMTAU CO 36788). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Fractured sclerite enlarged, composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, in part aligned horizontally on surface; c. Fractured sclerite; d. Overview of sclerites. Scale bar at a, c and d 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363685/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Fig. 16b, c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Clusters of sclerites are densely packed in different spatial orientations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC34901AFBE5F8841394F802" box="[1064,1163,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1585,1607]" captionTargetBox="[308,1278,193,1563]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[308,1278,193,1563]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816, neotype (ZMTAU CO 36788). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Fractured sclerite enlarged, composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, in part aligned horizontally on surface; c. Fractured sclerite; d. Overview of sclerites. Scale bar at a, c and d 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363685/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Fig. 16d</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ethanol-preserved
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC34901AFF5AF85917EFF82E" box="[151,240,1953,1977]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is white. Pulsation was observed in live colonies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="4AA8BD8FAC35901BFF5AF9C9124DF913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363685/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" startId="27.[151,250,1585,1607]" targetBox="[308,1278,193,1563]" targetPageId="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC35901BFF5AF9C9124DF913" blockId="27.[151,1436,1585,1668]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC35901BFF5AF9C9163CF9D1" bold="true" box="[151,291,1585,1607]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC35901BFC98F9CA13B8F9D0" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[853,1191,1585,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC35901BFC98F9CA14E0F9D0" box="[853,1023,1585,1607]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Xenia umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC35901BFBC5F9C913B8F9D0" author="Lamarck, M. C." box="[1032,1191,1585,1607]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" pagination="388 - 421" refId="ref25933" refString="Lamarck, M. C. (1816) Les Caracteres Generaux et Particuliers de ces Animaux, leur Distribution, leur Classes, leurs Familles, leurs Genres, et la Citation des Principales Especes qui s'y Rapportent. " Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, 2, 388 - 421." type="journal article" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, neotype (ZMTAU CO 36788). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Fractured sclerite enlarged, composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, in part aligned horizontally on surface; c. Fractured sclerite; d. Overview of sclerites. Scale bar at a, c and d 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC35901BFF0AF9531501F80B" blockId="27.[151,1437,1707,2020]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
The additional material,
|
||
<collectionCode id="78C675C2AC35901BFE2CF954155DF953" box="[481,578,1708,1732]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">ZMTAU</collectionCode>
|
||
CO 36780, is
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC35901BFD20F9541420F954" box="[749,831,1708,1732]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
|
||
high. Its stalk splits into 3 branches
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC35901BFB24F9531232F954" box="[1257,1325,1707,1732]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
above its base, the branches are 9, 15 and
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC35901BFDCFF928155CF970" box="[514,579,1744,1767]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; 5, 10, and
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC35901BFCCDF937145DF970" box="[768,834,1743,1768]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at their base; and 12, 13 and
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC35901BFB05F9281216F970" box="[1224,1289,1744,1767]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at their uppermost part, respectively. The polyp body, tentacles and pinnules are similar in size to those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC35901BFAC7F90C1279F89B" box="[1290,1382,1780,1804]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The pinnules are arranged in three rows,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC35901BFDF5F8E01583F8A7" box="[568,668,1815,1840]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.461" metricValueMax="5.842" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" unit="in" value="21.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="20.0">20–23 in</quantity>
|
||
the outermost row. Sclerites are abundant in all parts of the colony and are similar to those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC35901BFE37F8C41549F8C3" box="[506,598,1852,1876]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, measuring
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC35901BFD2CF8C31400F8C3" box="[737,799,1851,1876]" degrees="0.011" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" precision="55" value="0.011">0.011</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC35901BFCD2F8C31473F8C3" box="[799,876,1851,1876]" degrees="0.015" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" precision="55" value="-0.015">–0.015</geoCoordinate>
|
||
X
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC35901BFC5EF8C4134BF8C4" box="[915,1108,1852,1876]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="0.0185" valueMax="0.023" valueMin="0.014">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC35901BFC5EF8C414CDF8C3" box="[915,978,1852,1876]" degrees="0.014" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" precision="55" value="0.014">0.014</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC35901BFC1FF8C41300F8C3" box="[978,1055,1852,1876]" degrees="0.023" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" precision="55" value="-0.023">–0.023</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC35901BFB22F8C3125BF8C3" box="[1263,1348,1851,1876]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1054,1076]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,589,1033]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[238,1348,589,1033]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 17. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (ZMTAU CO 36780). Ellipsoid sclerites. Scale bar 0.010 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363687/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
, n=20). Their surface reveals a partially granular texture, but in addition the longitudinally aligned dendritic rods can be seen on the surface of the sclerites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC35901CFF0AF850164BFF43" blockId="27.[151,1437,1707,2020]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1437,151,536]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<collectionCode id="78C675C2AC35901BFF0AF8501637F857" box="[199,296,1960,1984]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">ZMTAU</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="4E71457CAC35901BFEFDF85016BBF857" box="[304,420,1959,1984]" collectionCode="ZMTAU" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">CO 36792</specimenCode>
|
||
is similar in dimensions to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC35901BFCC4F850147AF857" box="[777,869,1960,1984]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Pinnules are arranged in three rows,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC35901BFAC2F850126DF857" box="[1295,1394,1959,1984]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.223" metricValueMax="6.858" metricValueMin="5.588" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" unit="in" value="24.5" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="22.0">22–27 in</quantity>
|
||
the outermost row. Sclerites are abundant in all parts of the colony, and their morphological features—including surface texture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC32901CFE9BFF6F16B7FF27" box="[342,424,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1636,1658]" captionTargetBox="[239,1348,1157,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[239,1348,1157,1602]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 18. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (ZMTAU CO 36792). Ellipsoid sclerites. Scale bar 0.010 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363689/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
)—are similar to those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC32901CFCDEFF601470FF27" box="[787,879,152,176]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, measuring
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC32901CFBCDFF6F1321FF27" box="[1024,1086,151,176]" degrees="0.011" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" precision="55" value="0.011">0.011</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC32901CFBF0FF6F1394FF27" box="[1085,1163,151,176]" degrees="0.015" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" precision="55" value="-0.015">–0.015</geoCoordinate>
|
||
X
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC32901CFB7AFF601264FF38" box="[1207,1403,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9500000000000002" metricValueMax="2.1999999999999997" metricValueMin="1.7000000000000002" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="0.0195" valueMax="0.022" valueMin="0.017">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC32901CFB7AFF6013E9FF27" box="[1207,1270,152,176]" degrees="0.017" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" precision="55" value="0.017">0.017</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC32901CFB38FF60125CFF27" box="[1269,1347,152,176]" degrees="0.022" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" precision="55" value="-0.022">–0.022</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (n=20).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="56CDBE8CAC32901CFF0AFF181632F842" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC32901CFF0AFF18149BFD8F" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
|
||
ZMTAU
|
||
<specimenCode id="4E71457CAC32901CFEFDFF1816BBFF6F" box="[304,420,224,248]" collectionCode="ZMTAU" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">CO 37034</specimenCode>
|
||
consists of three small white-beige colonies. The first is a colony with multiple branches; its total height is
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC32901CFE97FEFC16B3FE8B" box="[346,428,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and the stalk is up to
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC32901CFD67FEFC15E6FE8B" box="[682,761,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at its base and
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC32901CFC2BFEFC1329FE8B" box="[998,1078,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at its uppermost part. The second colony is unbranched, similar in height to the first,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC32901CFCEAFED01469FEA8" box="[807,886,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at its base, and
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC32901CFBA8FED013B9FEA8" box="[1125,1190,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at its uppermost part. The third colony is
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC32901CFE7EFEB4151CFEF3" box="[435,515,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
high; its stalk branches into three, and its base is
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC32901CFBF0FEB41391FEF3" box="[1085,1166,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC32901CFAC8FEB41249FEF3" box="[1285,1366,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
at the uppermost part at the branching point. The tentacle and pinnule dimensions are similar to ZMTAU
|
||
<specimenCode id="4E71457CAC32901CFB22FE881279FE1F" box="[1263,1382,367,392]" collectionCode="ZMTAU" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">CO 36780</specimenCode>
|
||
. The pinnules are arranged in three rows,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC32901CFDFBFE6C1585FE3A" box="[566,666,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.207" metricValueMax="5.588" metricValueMin="4.826" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" unit="in" value="20.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="19.0">19–22 in</quantity>
|
||
the outermost row. Sclerites are scarce, ellipsoid platelets, round or egg-shaped and occasionally irregular, measuring
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC32901CFD14FE401407FE47" box="[729,792,440,464]" degrees="0.009" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" precision="55" value="0.009">0.009</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC32901CFCD5FE40147AFE47" box="[792,869,440,464]" degrees="0.017" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" precision="55" value="-0.017">–0.017</geoCoordinate>
|
||
X
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC32901CFC40FE4F1350FE58" box="[909,1103,439,464]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.1999999999999997" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="0.0185" valueMax="0.022" valueMin="0.015">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC32901CFC40FE4F14D4FE47" box="[909,971,439,464]" degrees="0.015" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" precision="55" value="0.015">0.015</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC32901CFC06FE4F1306FE47" box="[971,1049,439,464]" degrees="0.022" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" precision="55" value="-0.022">–0.022</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC32901CFB23FE4F125CFE47" box="[1262,1347,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1101,1123]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,193,1080]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[309,1277,193,1080]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 19. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (ZMTAU CO 37034). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Overview of sclerites. b. Fractured sclerite enlarged, revealing sinuous dendritic structure. Scale bar at a and c 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363691/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
, n=20). Their surface microstructure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC32901CFE3CFE24154DFE63" box="[497,594,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1101,1123]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,193,1080]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[309,1277,193,1080]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 19. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (ZMTAU CO 37034). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Overview of sclerites. b. Fractured sclerite enlarged, revealing sinuous dendritic structure. Scale bar at a and c 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363691/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Fig. 19a</figureCitation>
|
||
) is similar to that of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC32901CFC4CFE2514C5FE62" box="[897,986,477,501]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC32901CFC20FE24134CFE62" box="[1005,1107,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1101,1123]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,193,1080]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[309,1277,193,1080]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 19. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (ZMTAU CO 37034). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Overview of sclerites. b. Fractured sclerite enlarged, revealing sinuous dendritic structure. Scale bar at a and c 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363691/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Fig. 19b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sinuous dendritic rods are radially arranged, and can be seen in a fractured sclerite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC32901CFCDAFE071467FD8F" box="[791,888,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1101,1123]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,193,1080]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[309,1277,193,1080]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 19. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (ZMTAU CO 37034). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Overview of sclerites. b. Fractured sclerite enlarged, revealing sinuous dendritic structure. Scale bar at a and c 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363691/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Fig. 19c</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="4AA8BD8FAC32901CFF5AFBE61535FBC4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363687/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" startId="28.[151,250,1054,1076]" targetBox="[238,1348,589,1033]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC32901CFF5AFBE61535FBC4" blockId="28.[151,1437,1054,1107]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC32901CFF5AFBE6163CFBA3" bold="true" box="[151,291,1054,1076]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC32901CFC97FBD813B3FBA3" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[858,1196,1054,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC32901CFC97FBD8131BFBA3" box="[858,1028,1054,1077]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Xenia umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC32901CFBC3FBE613B3FBA3" author="Lamarck, M. C." box="[1038,1196,1054,1076]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" pagination="388 - 421" refId="ref25933" refString="Lamarck, M. C. (1816) Les Caracteres Generaux et Particuliers de ces Animaux, leur Distribution, leur Classes, leurs Familles, leurs Genres, et la Citation des Principales Especes qui s'y Rapportent. " Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, 2, 388 - 421." type="journal article" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZMTAU CO 36780). Ellipsoid sclerites. Scale bar 0.010 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="4AA8BD8FAC32901CFF5AF99C1535F90E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363689/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" startId="28.[151,250,1636,1658]" targetBox="[239,1348,1157,1602]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC32901CFF5AF99C1535F90E" blockId="28.[151,1437,1636,1689]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC32901CFF5AF99C163CF9EE" bold="true" box="[151,291,1636,1658]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC32901CFC97F99D13B3F9ED" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[858,1196,1636,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC32901CFC97F99D131BF9ED" box="[858,1028,1636,1658]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Xenia umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC32901CFBC3F99C13B3F9ED" author="Lamarck, M. C." box="[1038,1196,1636,1658]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" pagination="388 - 421" refId="ref25933" refString="Lamarck, M. C. (1816) Les Caracteres Generaux et Particuliers de ces Animaux, leur Distribution, leur Classes, leurs Familles, leurs Genres, et la Citation des Principales Especes qui s'y Rapportent. " Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, 2, 388 - 421." type="journal article" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZMTAU CO 36792). Ellipsoid sclerites. Scale bar 0.010 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC32901CFF0AF9381632F842" blockId="28.[151,1436,1728,2005]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
|
||
The size of all other colonies is rather similar to that of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC32901CFC9BF93914ADF94E" box="[854,946,1729,1753]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. ZMTAU CO 36783, 36790, 36791, USNM 1202005 and 1202016 feature three rows of pinnules with 21–24, 17–20, 18–20, 19–26 and 21–27 pinnules in the outermost row, respectively. ZMTAU CO 36784 and USNM 1202010 bear two rows of pinnules with 16–20 and 20–24 pinnules in the outermost row, respectively. Polyp sclerites of the three colonies collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC32901CFAC5F8D41283F8D2" box="[1288,1436,1836,1861]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(USNM
|
||
<date id="6A69CBC7AC32901CFF31F8A8164CF8FE" box="[252,339,1872,1897]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" value="05-12-20">122005</date>
|
||
, 1202010 and 1202016) all share a similar microstructure to that of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC32901CFB69F8A913E2F8FE" box="[1188,1277,1873,1897]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and the Eilat colonies (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC32901CFEC1F88C166DF81A" box="[268,370,1908,1933]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[302,1284,1235,1929]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[302,1284,1235,1929]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 20. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (USNM 1202005). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Overview of sclerites; c. Fractured sclerites composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous, and radially arranged in peripheral region. Scale bar 0.010 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363693/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Figs. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC32901CFE48F88D16BEF81A" box="[389,417,1909,1933]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="30.[151,250,574,596]" captionTargetBox="[302,1284,193,553]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[302,1284,193,553]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 21. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (USNM 1202010). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Fractured sclerite composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous, and radially arranged in peripheral region. Scale bar 0.010 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363695/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">21</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC32901CFE2AF88D151CF81A" box="[487,515,1909,1933]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1554,1576]" captionTargetBox="[306,1281,707,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[306,1281,707,1533]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 22. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (USNM 1202016). a. Ellipsoid platelets, some fractured; b. Fractured sclerite (enlarged) composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous, and radially arranged in peripheral region. c. Fractured sclerite. Scale bar at a, c 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363697/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">22</figureCitation>
|
||
respectively). Their sclerites typically maintain their intact shape following processing for SEM and only occasionally feature small marginal fractures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC32901CFC20F860135DF827" box="[1005,1090,1944,1969]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1554,1576]" captionTargetBox="[306,1281,707,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[306,1281,707,1533]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 22. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (USNM 1202016). a. Ellipsoid platelets, some fractured; b. Fractured sclerite (enlarged) composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous, and radially arranged in peripheral region. c. Fractured sclerite. Scale bar at a, c 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363697/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pulsation was observed in all live colonies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="4AA8BD8FAC33901DFF5AFBB516FFFB36" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363691/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" startId="29.[151,250,1101,1123]" targetBox="[309,1277,193,1080]" targetPageId="29">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC33901DFF5AFBB516FFFB36" blockId="29.[151,1436,1101,1185]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC33901DFF5AFBB5163EFBF4" bold="true" box="[151,289,1101,1123]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC33901DFC87FBB71388FBF4" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[842,1175,1101,1124]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC33901DFC87FBB714ECFBF4" box="[842,1011,1101,1124]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Xenia umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC33901DFC31FBB51388FBF4" author="Lamarck, M. C." box="[1020,1175,1101,1123]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" pagination="388 - 421" refId="ref25933" refString="Lamarck, M. C. (1816) Les Caracteres Generaux et Particuliers de ces Animaux, leur Distribution, leur Classes, leurs Familles, leurs Genres, et la Citation des Principales Especes qui s'y Rapportent. " Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, 2, 388 - 421." type="journal article" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZMTAU CO 37034). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Overview of sclerites. b. Fractured sclerite enlarged, revealing sinuous dendritic structure. Scale bar at a and c 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="4AA8BD8FAC33901DFF5AF8661480F865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363693/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" startId="29.[151,250,1950,1972]" targetBox="[302,1284,1235,1929]" targetPageId="29">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC33901DFF5AF8661480F865" blockId="29.[151,1436,1950,2034]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC33901DFF5AF866163BF823" bold="true" box="[151,292,1950,1972]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC33901DFC93F85813ADF823" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[862,1202,1950,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC33901DFC93F8581316F823" box="[862,1033,1950,1973]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Xenia umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC33901DFBD9F86613ADF823" author="Lamarck, M. C." box="[1044,1202,1950,1972]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" pagination="388 - 421" refId="ref25933" refString="Lamarck, M. C. (1816) Les Caracteres Generaux et Particuliers de ces Animaux, leur Distribution, leur Classes, leurs Familles, leurs Genres, et la Citation des Principales Especes qui s'y Rapportent. " Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, 2, 388 - 421." type="journal article" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM 1202005). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Overview of sclerites; c. Fractured sclerites composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous, and radially arranged in peripheral region. Scale bar 0.010 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="4AA8BD8FAC30901EFF5AFDC61584FD06" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363695/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" startId="30.[151,250,574,596]" targetBox="[302,1284,193,553]" targetPageId="30">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC30901EFF5AFDC61584FD06" blockId="30.[151,1436,574,657]" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFF5AFDC61602FDC4" bold="true" box="[151,285,574,596]" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">FIGURE 21</emphasis>
|
||
. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC30901EFC93FDC713ADFDC3" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[862,1202,574,596]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFC93FDC71317FDC3" box="[862,1032,574,596]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">Xenia umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC30901EFBD9FDC613ADFDC3" author="Lamarck, M. C." box="[1044,1202,574,596]" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" pagination="388 - 421" refId="ref25933" refString="Lamarck, M. C. (1816) Les Caracteres Generaux et Particuliers de ces Animaux, leur Distribution, leur Classes, leurs Familles, leurs Genres, et la Citation des Principales Especes qui s'y Rapportent. " Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, 2, 388 - 421." type="journal article" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM 1202010). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Fractured sclerite composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous, and radially arranged in peripheral region. Scale bar 0.010 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="4AA8BD8FAC30901EFF5AF9EA124AF9F1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363697/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" startId="30.[151,250,1554,1576]" targetBox="[306,1281,707,1533]" targetPageId="30">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC30901EFF5AF9EA124AF9F1" blockId="30.[151,1436,1554,1638]" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFF5AF9EA163BF9B0" bold="true" box="[151,292,1554,1576]" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">FIGURE 22.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC30901EFC93F9EB13ADF9BF" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[862,1202,1554,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFC93F9EB1317F9BF" box="[862,1032,1554,1576]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">Xenia umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC30901EFBD9F9EA13ADF9BF" author="Lamarck, M. C." box="[1044,1202,1554,1576]" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" pagination="388 - 421" refId="ref25933" refString="Lamarck, M. C. (1816) Les Caracteres Generaux et Particuliers de ces Animaux, leur Distribution, leur Classes, leurs Familles, leurs Genres, et la Citation des Principales Especes qui s'y Rapportent. " Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, 2, 388 - 421." type="journal article" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM 1202016). a. Ellipsoid platelets, some fractured; b. Fractured sclerite (enlarged) composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous, and radially arranged in peripheral region. c. Fractured sclerite. Scale bar at a, c 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="56CDBE8CAC309021FF0AF96A1322FE8B" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC30901FFF0AF96A14EEFF43" blockId="30.[151,1436,1682,2031]" lastBlockId="31.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="232" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFF0AF96A16FDF93C" bold="true" box="[199,482,1682,1707]" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">Phylogenetic affiliation.</emphasis>
|
||
All of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC30901EFD91F96C15F4F93C" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[604,747,1682,1707]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFD91F96C15F4F93C" box="[604,747,1682,1707]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">X. umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colonies described above shared identical DNA sequences at
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFF5AF94F17F1F959" box="[151,238,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">mtMutS</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFECDF94F166DF958" box="[256,370,1719,1743]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">igr1+COI</emphasis>
|
||
, and 28S rDNA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC30901EFD87F94E15BDF958" box="[586,674,1718,1743]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1464,1486]" captionTargetBox="[152,1421,275,1431]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[150,1436,265,1443]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 23. Bayesian tree of family Xeniidae based on partitioned analysis of mtMutS, igr1+COI and 28S rDNA. Solid circles: posterior probability> 0.9, ML bootstrap value>70%; open circles: pp> 0.9, bs <70%. Genera other than Xenia, Heteroxenia and Ovabunda have been collapsed to facilitate readability. X1, X2 and X3 denote clades defined by McFadden et al. 2014." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363699/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
); species delimitation analyses that included those loci plus four additional genes further supported the conclusion that all of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC30901EFCA2F92414E0F964" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[879,1023,1754,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFCA2F92414E0F964" box="[879,1023,1754,1779]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">X. umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens examined here belong to one species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC30901EFEE2F9061525F880" author="McFadden, C. S. & Haverkort-Yeh, R & Reynolds, A. M. & Halasz, A. & Quattrini, A. M. & Forsman, Z. H. & Benayahu, Y. & Toonen, R. J." box="[303,570,1790,1815]" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" pagination="174 - 184" refId="ref26445" refString="McFadden, C. S., Haverkort-Yeh, R, Reynolds, A. M., Halasz, A., Quattrini, A. M., Forsman, Z. H., Benayahu, Y. & Toonen, R. J. (2017) Species boundaries in the absence of morphological, ecological or geographical differentiation in the Red Sea octocoral genus Ovabunda (Alcyonacea: Xeniidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 112, 174 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2017.04.025" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
McFadden
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFE79F90716F4F880" box="[436,491,1790,1815]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Two specimens previously identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC30901EFBE6F90713B3F880" authorityName="Ashworth" authorityYear="1899" box="[1067,1196,1790,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hicksoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFBE6F90713B3F880" box="[1067,1196,1790,1815]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">X. hicksoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="78C675C2AC30901EFB72F907123CF880" box="[1215,1315,1791,1815]" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">ZMTAU</collectionCode>
|
||
Co34072, 34073;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC30901EFF21F8DA16FDF8AC" author="McFadden, C. S. & Benayahu, Y. & Pante, E. & Thoma, J. N. & Nevarez, P. A. & France, S. C." box="[236,482,1826,1851]" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" pagination="19 - 31" refId="ref26219" refString="McFadden, C. S., Benayahu, Y., Pante, E., Thoma, J. N., Nevarez, P. A. & France, S. C. (2011) Limitations of mitochondrial gene barcoding in Octocorallia. Molecular Ecology Resources, 11, 19 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1755 - 0998.2010.02875. x" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
McFadden
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFEA7F8DC1684F8AC" box="[362,411,1826,1851]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) were also genetically identical to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC30901EFCA5F8DC14E8F8AC" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[872,1015,1826,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFCA5F8DC14E8F8AC" box="[872,1015,1826,1851]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">X. umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC30901EFBCAF8DA1344F8AC" box="[1031,1115,1826,1851]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1464,1486]" captionTargetBox="[152,1421,275,1431]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[150,1436,265,1443]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 23. Bayesian tree of family Xeniidae based on partitioned analysis of mtMutS, igr1+COI and 28S rDNA. Solid circles: posterior probability> 0.9, ML bootstrap value>70%; open circles: pp> 0.9, bs <70%. Genera other than Xenia, Heteroxenia and Ovabunda have been collapsed to facilitate readability. X1, X2 and X3 denote clades defined by McFadden et al. 2014." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363699/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC30901EFBA2F8DC13E1F8AC" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1135,1278,1826,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFBA2F8DC13E1F8AC" box="[1135,1278,1826,1851]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">X. umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belonged to a strongly supported clade that included members of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC30901EFC80F8BE14DDF8C8" box="[845,962,1862,1887]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFC80F8BE14DDF8C8" box="[845,962,1862,1887]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">Ovabunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Red Sea and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC30901EFB0AF8BE1234F8C8" box="[1223,1323,1862,1887]" name="Thailand" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC30901EFAF6F8BE1290F8C8" box="[1339,1423,1862,1887]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1464,1486]" captionTargetBox="[152,1421,275,1431]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[150,1436,265,1443]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 23. Bayesian tree of family Xeniidae based on partitioned analysis of mtMutS, igr1+COI and 28S rDNA. Solid circles: posterior probability> 0.9, ML bootstrap value>70%; open circles: pp> 0.9, bs <70%. Genera other than Xenia, Heteroxenia and Ovabunda have been collapsed to facilitate readability. X1, X2 and X3 denote clades defined by McFadden et al. 2014." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363699/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
). This [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC30901EFF2DF892164AF814" box="[224,341,1898,1923]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFF2DF892164AF814" box="[224,341,1898,1923]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">Ovabunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC30901EFE4DF8941509F814" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[384,534,1898,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFE4DF8941509F814" box="[384,534,1898,1923]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">X. umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] clade was nested within a larger clade of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC30901EFBFFF894136CF814" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1074,1139,1900,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFBFFF894136CF814" box="[1074,1139,1900,1923]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">Xenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that included specimens previously identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC30901EFE60F877150AF830" authorityName="Verseveldt" authorityYear="1971" box="[429,533,1934,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepida">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFE60F877150AF830" box="[429,533,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">X. lepida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC30901EFDEBF87715AAF831" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[550,693,1935,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ternatana">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFDEBF87715AAF831" box="[550,693,1935,1958]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">X. ternatana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC30901EFD3CF8771444F830" authorityName=", Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[753,859,1934,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFD3CF8771444F830" box="[753,859,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">X. viridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(clade
|
||
<date id="6A69CBC7AC30901EFC7FF87714CAF830" box="[946,981,1935,1959]" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">X1</date>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC30901EFC32F8761210F830" author="McFadden, C. S. & Reynolds, A. M. & Janes, M. P." box="[1023,1295,1934,1959]" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" pagination="247 - 257" refId="ref26293" refString="McFadden, C. S., Reynolds, A. M. & Janes, M. P. (2014 a) DNA barcoding of xeniid soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Xeniidae) from Indonesia: species richness and phylogenetic relationships. Systematics and Biodiversity, 12, 247 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772000.2014.902866" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
McFadden
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFB4CF87713ABF830" box="[1153,1204,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Additional species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC30901EFEDAF84C1647F85C" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[279,344,1972,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFEDAF84C1647F85C" box="[279,344,1972,1995]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">Xenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including material identified
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFD0FF84C1482F85C" box="[706,925,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC30901EFD2AF84C1482F85C" authorityName="May" authorityYear="1899" box="[743,925,1970,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sansibariana">X. sansibariana</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC30901EFC02F84C1355F85C" box="[975,1098,1972,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="actuosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFC02F84C1355F85C" box="[975,1098,1972,1995]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">X. actuosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC30901EFB93F84A128AF85C" author="Haverkort-Yeh, R. D. & McFadden, C. S. & Benayahu, Y. & Berumen, M. & Halasz, A. & Toonen, R. J." box="[1118,1429,1970,1995]" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" pagination="279 - 291" refId="ref25144" refString="Haverkort-Yeh, R. D., McFadden, C. S., Benayahu, Y., Berumen, M., Halasz, A. & Toonen, R. J. (2013) A taxonomic survey of Saudi Arabian Red Sea octocorals (Cnidaria: Alcyonacea). Marine Biodiversity, 43, 279 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 013 - 0157 - 4" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Haverkort-Yeh
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFADCF84C1257F85C" box="[1297,1352,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) belonged to a second distinct clade that also included species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC30901EFCAAF82F14EFF879" authorityName="Kolliker" authorityYear="1874" box="[871,1008,2007,2030]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Heteroxenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFCAAF82F14EFF879" box="[871,1008,2007,2030]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">Heteroxenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(clade
|
||
<date id="6A69CBC7AC30901EFB8FF82F137BF878" box="[1090,1124,2007,2031]" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">X2</date>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC30901EFB47F82E128EF878" author="McFadden, C. S. & Reynolds, A. M. & Janes, M. P." box="[1162,1425,2006,2031]" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" pagination="247 - 257" refId="ref26293" refString="McFadden, C. S., Reynolds, A. M. & Janes, M. P. (2014 a) DNA barcoding of xeniid soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Xeniidae) from Indonesia: species richness and phylogenetic relationships. Systematics and Biodiversity, 12, 247 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772000.2014.902866" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
McFadden
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC30901EFAC5F82F1226F878" box="[1288,1337,2006,2031]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Finally, specimens identified previously as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC31901FFDB1FF611427FF27" authorityName=": Utinomi" authorityYear="1955" box="[636,824,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kusimotoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC31901FFDB1FF611427FF27" box="[636,824,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">X. kusimotoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC31901FFCA3FF611333FF27" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[878,1068,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC31901FFCA3FF611333FF27" box="[878,1068,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">X. membranacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belonged to a clade with species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC31901FFF78FF44160AFF42" authorityName="Alderslade" authorityYear="2000" box="[181,277,188,213]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Sansibia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC31901FFF78FF44160AFF42" box="[181,277,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Sansibia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC31901FFEE9FF4416BBFF42" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1928" box="[292,420,188,213]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Sarcothelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC31901FFEE9FF4416BBFF42" box="[292,420,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Sarcothelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC31901FFE17FF451545FF43" authorityName="Benayahu" authorityYear="2010" box="[474,602,189,212]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Yamazatum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC31901FFE17FF451545FF43" box="[474,602,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Yamazatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(clade
|
||
<date id="6A69CBC7AC31901FFD61FF4415CEFF43" box="[684,721,188,212]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">X3</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC31901FFD10FF4414FAFF43" author="McFadden, C. S. & Reynolds, A. M. & Janes, M. P." box="[733,997,188,213]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" pagination="247 - 257" refId="ref26293" refString="McFadden, C. S., Reynolds, A. M. & Janes, M. P. (2014 a) DNA barcoding of xeniid soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Xeniidae) from Indonesia: species richness and phylogenetic relationships. Systematics and Biodiversity, 12, 247 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772000.2014.902866" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
McFadden
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC31901FFC91FF451492FF42" box="[860,909,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="4AA8BD8FAC31901FFF5AFA4017EEF9BD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363699/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" startId="31.[151,250,1464,1486]" targetBox="[152,1421,275,1431]" targetPageId="31">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC31901FFF5AFA4017EEF9BD" blockId="31.[151,1436,1464,1578]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC31901FFF5AFA40163CFA5A" bold="true" box="[151,291,1464,1486]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">FIGURE 23.</emphasis>
|
||
Bayesian tree of family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC31901FFDE1FA401597FA59" authorityName=", Kukenthal" authorityYear="1902" box="[556,648,1464,1486]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Xeniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on partitioned analysis of
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC31901FFC24FA411327FA59" box="[1001,1080,1465,1486]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">mtMutS</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC31901FFB8AFA4013B1FA59" box="[1095,1198,1464,1486]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">igr1+COI</emphasis>
|
||
and 28S rDNA. Solid circles: posterior probability> 0.9, ML bootstrap value>70%; open circles: pp> 0.9, bs <70%. Genera other than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC31901FFA96FA201289FA7A" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1371,1430,1496,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC31901FFA96FA201289FA7A" box="[1371,1430,1496,1517]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Xenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC31901FFF5AFA0F160CF99B" authorityName="Kolliker" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,275,1527,1548]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Heteroxenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC31901FFF5AFA0F160CF99B" box="[151,275,1527,1548]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Heteroxenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC31901FFE89FA0E16B2F99B" box="[324,429,1526,1548]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Ovabunda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC31901FFE89FA0E16B2F99B" box="[324,429,1526,1548]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Ovabunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been collapsed to facilitate readability. X1, X2 and X3 denote clades defined by McFadden
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC31901FFA47FA0F17B4F9BD" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC31901FFF0AF9AF130FF8DF" blockId="31.[151,1437,1623,2008]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC31901FFF0AF9AF1624F9E7" bold="true" box="[199,315,1623,1648]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC31901FFD51F9A01431F9E7" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[668,814,1623,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC31901FFD51F9A01431F9E7" box="[668,814,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">X. umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC31901FFCA1F9A01483F9E7" box="[876,924,1624,1648]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of this genus,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC31901FFB65F9AF1283F9E7" author="Lamarck, M. C." box="[1192,1436,1623,1648]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" pagination="388 - 421" refId="ref25933" refString="Lamarck, M. C. (1816) Les Caracteres Generaux et Particuliers de ces Animaux, leur Distribution, leur Classes, leurs Familles, leurs Genres, et la Citation des Principales Especes qui s'y Rapportent. " Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, 2, 388 - 421." type="journal article" year="1816">Lamarck (1816: 410)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred to dark-blue colonies from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DC1323E5AC31901FFD90F98315A1F903" box="[605,702,1659,1684]" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
|
||
, bearing slender, tightly packed pinnules, arranged in two rows. Lamarck referred to drawings of colonies collected from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DC1323E5AC31901FFCA9F96714DBF92F" box="[868,964,1695,1720]" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
|
||
that were published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC31901FFB29F9671287F92F" author="Savigny, J. C." box="[1252,1432,1695,1720]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" refId="ref26953" refString="Savigny, J. C. (1817) Description de l'Egypte ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pendant l'expedition de l'Armee Francaise. Atlas. Histoire naturelle, Paris, 244 pls." type="book" year="1817">Savigny (1817)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Based on these drawings it is evident that the tentacles feature two rows of pinnules with 27–32/22–25 and 30–35/ 29–31 pinnules in the outer/inner row (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC31901FFD9BF91F141EF897" author="Reinicke, G. B." box="[598,769,1767,1792]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" pagination="5 - 62" refId="ref26705" refString="Reinicke, G. B. (1997) Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Red Sea, with descriptions of six new species of Xenia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 16, 5 - 62." type="journal article" year="1997">Reinicke 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC31901FFCC0F91F147EF897" box="[781,865,1767,1792]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1636,1658]" captionTargetBox="[239,1348,1157,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[239,1348,1157,1602]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 18. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (ZMTAU CO 36792). Ellipsoid sclerites. Scale bar 0.010 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363689/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
). No additional data were presented regarding the sclerite shape and dimensions or the exact
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC31901FFDB3F8F415B1F8B3" box="[638,686,1804,1828]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. Inquiries to various collections, including
|
||
<collectionCode id="78C675C2AC31901FFB3AF8F41250F8B4" box="[1271,1359,1804,1827]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
, led to the conclusion that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC31901FFE56F8C816D4F8DF" box="[411,459,1840,1864]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">type</typeStatus>
|
||
should be considered lost (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC31901FFC90F8D7131BF8DF" author="Reinicke, G. B." box="[861,1028,1839,1864]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" pagination="5 - 62" refId="ref26705" refString="Reinicke, G. B. (1997) Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Red Sea, with descriptions of six new species of Xenia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 16, 5 - 62." type="journal article" year="1997">Reinicke 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC319020FF0AF8AB1480FC17" blockId="31.[151,1437,1623,2008]" lastBlockId="32.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="233" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
|
||
Since the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC31901FFD80F8AC15FEF8FB" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[589,737,1875,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC31901FFD80F8AC15FEF8FB" box="[589,737,1875,1900]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">X. umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC31901FFCD9F8AB14CEF8FB" author="Lamarck, M. C." box="[788,977,1875,1900]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" pagination="388 - 421" refId="ref25933" refString="Lamarck, M. C. (1816) Les Caracteres Generaux et Particuliers de ces Animaux, leur Distribution, leur Classes, leurs Familles, leurs Genres, et la Citation des Principales Especes qui s'y Rapportent. " Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, 2, 388 - 421." type="journal article" year="1816">Lamarck (1816)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, specimens collected from many Indo- Pacific reefs were referred to this species (see ahead), also attributing to it rather variable morphological features. Undoubtedly, the extensive literature has made it the most common
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC31901FFC7AF86414E7F824" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[951,1016,1948,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC31901FFC7AF86414E7F824" box="[951,1016,1948,1971]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Xenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species reported in the entire Indo- Pacific region, giving the impression that it is the commonest species of its genus. In contrast to the two rows of pinnules indicated in the original description by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0E9020FD01FF6F14DBFF27" author="Lamarck, M. C." box="[716,964,151,176]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="388 - 421" refId="ref25933" refString="Lamarck, M. C. (1816) Les Caracteres Generaux et Particuliers de ces Animaux, leur Distribution, leur Classes, leurs Familles, leurs Genres, et la Citation des Principales Especes qui s'y Rapportent. " Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, 2, 388 - 421." type="journal article" year="1816">Lamarck (1816: 410)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0E9020FC1FFF6F13EBFF27" author="Ehrenberg, G. C." box="[978,1268,151,176]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="225 - 380" refId="ref24747" refString="Ehrenberg, G. C. (1834) Beitrage zur physiologischen Kenntniss der Corallenthiere im allgemeinen, und besonders des Rothen Meeres, Nebst einem Versuche zur physiologischen Systematik derselben. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1, 225 - 380." type="journal article" year="1834">Ehrenberg (1834: 53–54)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described this species from the Red Sea as having three rows. That study established the notion that three rows of pinnules should be attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0E9020FE88FF1916CBFF6F" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[325,468,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0E9020FE88FF1916CBFF6F" box="[325,468,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">X. umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Subsequently, other studies referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0E9020FC5FFF19133FFF6F" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[914,1056,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0E9020FC5FFF19133FFF6F" box="[914,1056,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">X. umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as featuring a different number of rows and also with a wide range of pinnule numbers in the outermost row compared to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0E9020FB1CFEFC1283FE8A" author="Lamarck, M. C." box="[1233,1436,260,285]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="388 - 421" refId="ref25933" refString="Lamarck, M. C. (1816) Les Caracteres Generaux et Particuliers de ces Animaux, leur Distribution, leur Classes, leurs Familles, leurs Genres, et la Citation des Principales Especes qui s'y Rapportent. " Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, 2, 388 - 421." type="journal article" year="1816">Lamarck's (1816)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description. For example,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0E9020FE1DFEDF15B4FED7" author="Schenk, A." box="[464,683,295,320]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref26994" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80." type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk (1896: 57)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated three rows and 12–15 pinnules (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC0E9020FB79FED01213FED7" box="[1204,1292,296,320]" name="Indonesia" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Ternate</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC0E9020FAD3FEDF128FFED7" box="[1310,1424,295,320]" name="Indonesia" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0E9020FF5AFEB41646FEF3" author="Ashworth, J. H." box="[151,345,332,357]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="509 - 530" refId="ref24203" refString="Ashworth, J. H. (1900) Report on the Xeniidae collected by Dr. Willey. In: Zoological results based on material from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty Islands and elsewhere, collected by Dr. A. Willey during the years 1895 - 1897. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 509 - 530." type="book chapter" year="1900">Ashworth (1900)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
3–4 rows and 12–15 pinnules (Red Sea); and three rows, 22–29 pinnules (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC0E9020FB7BFEB41287FEF2" box="[1206,1432,332,357]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DC1323E5AC0E9020FF5AFE881636FE1F" box="[151,297,367,392]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">New Britain</collectingRegion>
|
||
). Subsequently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0E9020FE28FE9715F4FE1F" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[485,747,367,392]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="635 - 662" refId="ref25770" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1902) Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonarien: I. Die Familie der Xeniiden. Zoologisches Jahrbuch, Abteilung fur systematic, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 15, 635 - 662. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 19040" type="journal article" year="1902">Kükenthal (1902: 561)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated three rows, 12–29 pinnules in the outermost row (Red Sea, Indian Ocean, East Africa and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC0E9020FDB3FE6D147DFE3A" box="[638,866,404,429]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DC1323E5AC0E9020FCBCFE6D131CFE3A" box="[881,1027,404,429]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">New Britain</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0E9020FBD4FE6C13F7FE3B" author="Hickson, S. J." box="[1049,1256,404,429]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="137 - 179" refId="ref25290" refString="Hickson, S. J. (1931 a) The alcyonarian family Xeniidae, with a revision of the genera and species. Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1931, 137 - 179." type="journal article" year="1931">Hickson's (1931a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
revision of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0E9020FF5AFE4F17E3FE47" authorityName=", Kukenthal" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,252,439,464]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Xeniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
described material collected in the Great Barrier Reef with three rows of pinnules and about 25 pinnules in the outermost row, and sclerites “round in outline”,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC0E9020FD3FFE24147CFE63" box="[754,867,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.020 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. That study also noted the resemblance to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0E9020FF79FDF9163DFD8F" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[180,290,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0E9020FF79FDF9163DFD8F" box="[180,290,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">X. plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0E9020FEFCFDF816D6FD8F" author="Roxas, H. A." box="[305,457,512,536]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="49 - 108" refId="ref26841" refString="Roxas, H. A. (1933) Philippine Alcyonaria, the Families Cornulariidae and Xeniidae. The Philippine Journal of Science, 50, 49 - 108." type="journal article" year="1933">Roxas (1933)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0E9020FD89FDF915CCFD8F" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[580,723,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0E9020FD89FDF915CCFD8F" box="[580,723,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">X. umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as having three rows of pinnules,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC0E9020FB95FDF813A3FD8F" box="[1112,1212,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="4.318" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" unit="in" value="18.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="17.0">17–20 in</quantity>
|
||
a row, and sclerites
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC0E9020FF5AFDDC17C9FDAB" box="[151,214,548,572]" degrees="0.014" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" precision="55" value="0.014">0.014</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC0E9020FF1BFDDC163CFDAB" box="[214,291,548,572]" degrees="0.018" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" precision="55" value="-0.018">–0.018</geoCoordinate>
|
||
X
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC0E9020FE8AFDDC1517FDAB" box="[327,520,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" unit="mm" value="0.013999999999999999" valueMax="0.018" valueMin="0.01">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC0E9020FE8AFDDC1699FDAB" box="[327,390,548,572]" degrees="0.010" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" precision="55" value="0.01">0.010</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC0E9020FE4AFDDC16CCFDAB" box="[391,467,548,572]" degrees="0.018" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" precision="55" value="-0.018">–0.018</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (Puerto Galera Bay,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC0E9020FCB2FDDC131DFDAA" box="[895,1026,548,573]" name="Philippines" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0E9020FBDBFDDC13B0FDAB" author="Gohar, H. A. F." box="[1046,1199,548,573]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="27 - 118" refId="ref24908" refString="Gohar, H. A. F. (1940) Studies on the Xeniidae of the Red Sea. Their ecology, physiology, taxonomy and phylogeny. Publications of the Marine Biological Station, Ghardaqa, Red Sea, 2, 27 - 118." type="journal article" year="1940">Gohar (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred to pulsating colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0E9020FEE9FDB116A7FDF7" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[292,440,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0E9020FEE9FDB116A7FDF7" box="[292,440,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">X. umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Hurgada, Red Sea, featuring 2–3 rows of pinnules and 16–22 pinnules in the outermost row (
|
||
<date id="6A69CBC7AC0E9020FE85FD941515FD13" box="[328,522,620,645]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" value="2014-12-18" valueMax="2014-12-10" valueMin="2014-12-18">
|
||
14–18 and
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC0E9020FE09FD941515FD13" box="[452,522,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" metricValueMax="3.048" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" unit="in" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
in the inner rows), and sclerites with a maximal diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC0E9020FB7DFD94126EFD13" box="[1200,1393,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.1999999999999997" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" unit="mm" value="0.019" valueMax="0.022" valueMin="0.016">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC0E9020FB7DFD9413F0FD12" box="[1200,1263,620,645]" degrees="0.016" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" precision="55" value="0.016">0.016</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC0E9020FB23FD941223FD12" box="[1262,1340,620,645]" degrees="0.022" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" precision="55" value="-0.022">–0.022</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. He further described the sclerites as: “general xeniid structure, minute, roughly circular, oval or slightly oblong corpuscles”. Later, Verseveldt (1971) reported the species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC0E9020FC47FD4C130CFD5A" box="[906,1043,692,717]" name="Madagascar" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, referring to Gohar’s description.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0E9020FF5AFD2F1656FD67" author="Utinomi, H." box="[151,329,727,752]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref27449" refString="Utinomi, H. (1977) Shallow-water octocorals of the Ryukyu Archipelago (Part II). Sesoko Marine Science Laboratory Technical Report, 5, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1977">Utinomi (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported it from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DC1323E5AC0E9020FDDAFD2F1560FD67" box="[535,639,727,752]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC0E9020FD43FD2015CEFD78" box="[654,721,728,751]" name="Japan" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, with 2–3 rows of pinnules,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC0E9020FBEEFD2F1395FD67" box="[1059,1162,727,752]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" metricValueMax="4.318" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" unit="in" value="16.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="15.0">15–17 in</quantity>
|
||
the outer row.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0E9020FA8CFD2F17FEFC82" author="Imahara, Y." pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="17 - 44" refId="ref25361" refString="Imahara, Y. (1996). Previously recorded octocorals from Japan and adjacent seas. Precious Corals & Octocoral Research, 4, 17 - 44." type="journal article" year="1996">Imahara (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted the presence of the species from the same location and referred to the description by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0E9020FB2BFD041287FC83" author="Utinomi, H." box="[1254,1432,764,789]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref27449" refString="Utinomi, H. (1977) Shallow-water octocorals of the Ryukyu Archipelago (Part II). Sesoko Marine Science Laboratory Technical Report, 5, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1977">Utinomi (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0E9020FF5AFCE7166CFCAF" author="Reinicke, G. B." box="[151,371,799,824]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="5 - 62" refId="ref26705" refString="Reinicke, G. B. (1997) Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Red Sea, with descriptions of six new species of Xenia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 16, 5 - 62." type="journal article" year="1997">Reinicke (1997: 19</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC0E9020FE4DFCE716D0FCAF" box="[384,463,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1518,1540]" captionTargetBox="[308,1279,193,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[308,1279,193,1497]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia grasshoffi Verseveldt, 1974 holotype (SMF 2616). a. Ellipsoid platelets, fractured; b. Sclerites with surface crest; c. Fractured sclerites composed of a latticework matrix of dendritic calcite rods radially arranged, at least in peripheral region; d. Overview of variety of sclerites. Scale bar at a, b and c 0.010 mm, at d 0.020 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363669/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Fig. 8a</figureCitation>
|
||
) depicted sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0E9020FD07FCD91445FCAF" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[714,858,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0E9020FD07FCD91445FCAF" box="[714,858,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">X. umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected in the Red Sea, and presented its sclerite surface microstructure for the first time using SEM. Undoubtedly, these studies may have raised confusion concerning the real identity of the species and its taxonomic features.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC0E9020FF0AFC741265FBEA" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DC1323E5AC0E9020FF32FC74167DFC33" box="[255,354,908,933]" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
|
||
material examined in the current study, including the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC0E9020FC3EFC751353FC32" box="[1011,1100,909,933]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and the additional material, encompasses 2–3 rows. The recorded number of pinnules in the outermost rows is mostly 19–22, but occasionally up to 27 or as few as 16, but not lower than that. These findings correspond to those of some of the previous taxonomic studies on this species (see above). Despite the variation attributed to the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DC1323E5AC0E9020FB85FC0F13BAFB87" box="[1096,1189,1015,1040]" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
|
||
colonies, they share a similar sclerite microstructure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC0E9020FE3AFBE41561FBA2" box="[503,638,1052,1077]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 16" captionStart-1="FIGURE 17" captionStart-2="FIGURE 18" captionStart-3="FIGURE 19" captionStartId-0="27.[151,250,1585,1607]" captionStartId-1="28.[151,250,1054,1076]" captionStartId-2="28.[151,250,1636,1658]" captionStartId-3="29.[151,250,1101,1123]" captionTargetBox-0="[308,1278,193,1563]" captionTargetBox-1="[238,1348,589,1033]" captionTargetBox-2="[239,1348,1157,1602]" captionTargetBox-3="[309,1277,193,1080]" captionTargetId-0="figure@27.[308,1278,193,1563]" captionTargetId-1="figure@28.[238,1348,589,1033]" captionTargetId-2="figure@28.[239,1348,1157,1602]" captionTargetId-3="figure@29.[309,1277,193,1080]" captionTargetPageId-0="27" captionTargetPageId-1="28" captionTargetPageId-2="28" captionTargetPageId-3="29" captionText-0="FIGURE 16. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816, neotype (ZMTAU CO 36788). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Fractured sclerite enlarged, composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, in part aligned horizontally on surface; c. Fractured sclerite; d. Overview of sclerites. Scale bar at a, c and d 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 17. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (ZMTAU CO 36780). Ellipsoid sclerites. Scale bar 0.010 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 18. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (ZMTAU CO 36792). Ellipsoid sclerites. Scale bar 0.010 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 19. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (ZMTAU CO 37034). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Overview of sclerites. b. Fractured sclerite enlarged, revealing sinuous dendritic structure. Scale bar at a and c 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3363685/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3363687/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3363689/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3363691/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Figs. 16–19</figureCitation>
|
||
) and identical DNA sequences at the molecular markers analyzed here (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC0E9020FF52FBC717ECFBCF" box="[159,243,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1464,1486]" captionTargetBox="[152,1421,275,1431]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[150,1436,265,1443]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 23. Bayesian tree of family Xeniidae based on partitioned analysis of mtMutS, igr1+COI and 28S rDNA. Solid circles: posterior probability> 0.9, ML bootstrap value>70%; open circles: pp> 0.9, bs <70%. Genera other than Xenia, Heteroxenia and Ovabunda have been collapsed to facilitate readability. X1, X2 and X3 denote clades defined by McFadden et al. 2014." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363699/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
). It should also be noted that there is variation in the abundance of sclerites in the colonies: while they are usually abundant in all parts of the colony, they can also be scarce, but then confined mainly to the colony base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC0E9020FF0AFB7F14CDFA72" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
|
||
The purpose of the designation of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC0E9020FD4FFB7115C4FB36" box="[642,731,1161,1185]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is to clarify the species’ taxonomic status, and to provide an account of its soft tissue morphological features, its sclerite microstructure and its genetic affiliation. The designation of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC0E9020FEA1FB2916DAFB7E" box="[364,453,1233,1257]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is conducted here not within the framework of a full taxonomic revision of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0E9020FF5AFB0D17C7FA9B" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,216,1269,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0E9020FF5AFB0D17C7FA9B" box="[151,216,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Xenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but rather is based on a comprehensive examination and re-description of 21 original
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0E9020FB6CFB0D13FCFA9B" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1185,1251,1269,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0E9020FB6CFB0D13FCFA9B" box="[1185,1251,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Xenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
types, including some from the Red Sea. It should also be noted that attempts to obtain additional types of the genus failed. This approach allows us to designate a
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC0E9020FDDAFAC51570FAC2" box="[535,623,1341,1365]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
despite the convention that designation of
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC0E9020FB9EFAC513A8FAC2" box="[1107,1207,1341,1365]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" type="neotype">neotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
is made only within the framework of a full revision of a genus (http://iczn.org/nontaxonomy/term/540). The original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0E9020FA49FA991618FA0A" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0E9020FA49FA991618FA0A" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">X. umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indicated that the species had been collected in the Red Sea, but without providing an exact location. Therefore, it is fully justified that the currently designated
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC0E9020FC86FA5114BBFA56" box="[843,932,1449,1473]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
as well as the additional material used for comparison, have been collected in Red Sea sites: Eilat and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC0E9020FCF5FA3414D1FA72" box="[824,974,1484,1509]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC0E9020FF0AFA171521F8BF" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
|
||
The geographical distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0E9020FDF4FA0915D7F99F" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[569,712,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0E9020FDF4FA0915D7F99F" box="[569,712,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">X. umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the literature encompasses regions and sites across the Indo-Pacific reef systems. It includes the Pacific Ocean:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC0E9020FCFAF9ED1468F9BB" box="[823,887,1557,1580]" name="Japan" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0E9020FC0DF9EC137CF9BB" author="Utinomi, H." box="[960,1123,1556,1581]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref27449" refString="Utinomi, H. (1977) Shallow-water octocorals of the Ryukyu Archipelago (Part II). Sesoko Marine Science Laboratory Technical Report, 5, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1977">Utinomi 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0E9020FBB9F9EC1208F9BA" author="Imahara, Y." box="[1140,1303,1556,1581]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="17 - 44" refId="ref25361" refString="Imahara, Y. (1996). Previously recorded octocorals from Japan and adjacent seas. Precious Corals & Octocoral Research, 4, 17 - 44." type="journal article" year="1996">Imahara 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC0E9020FAE2F9EC1283F9BA" box="[1327,1436,1556,1581]" name="Indonesia" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0E9020FF53F9CF1627F9C7" author="Schenk, A." box="[158,312,1591,1616]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref26994" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80." type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC0E9020FEB6F9CF16E6F9C7" box="[379,505,1591,1616]" name="Philippines" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0E9020FDC7F9C01589F9C7" author="Roxas, H. A." box="[522,662,1592,1616]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="49 - 108" refId="ref26841" refString="Roxas, H. A. (1933) Philippine Alcyonaria, the Families Cornulariidae and Xeniidae. The Philippine Journal of Science, 50, 49 - 108." type="journal article" year="1933">Roxas 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC0E9020FD60F9C11490F9C7" box="[685,911,1591,1616]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DC1323E5AC0E9020FC50F9C11336F9C7" box="[925,1065,1591,1616]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">New Britain</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0E9020FBF7F9CF13F1F9C7" author="Ashworth, J. H." box="[1082,1262,1591,1616]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="509 - 530" refId="ref24203" refString="Ashworth, J. H. (1900) Report on the Xeniidae collected by Dr. Willey. In: Zoological results based on material from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty Islands and elsewhere, collected by Dr. A. Willey during the years 1895 - 1897. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 509 - 530." type="book chapter" year="1900">Ashworth 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the Great Barrier Reef,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC0E9020FEF5F9A41680F9E2" box="[312,415,1628,1653]" name="Australia" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0E9020FE7CF9A4157CF9E3" author="Hickson, S. J." box="[433,611,1628,1653]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="137 - 179" refId="ref25290" refString="Hickson, S. J. (1931 a) The alcyonarian family Xeniidae, with a revision of the genera and species. Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1931, 137 - 179." type="journal article" year="1931">Hickson 1931a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Indian Ocean:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC0E9020FCE4F9A41492F9E2" box="[809,909,1628,1653]" name="Tanzania" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC0E9020FC06F9A4134DF9E2" box="[971,1106,1628,1653]" name="Madagascar" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0E9020FB57F9A41288F9E2" author="Tixier-Durivault, A." box="[1178,1431,1628,1653]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="1 - 456" refId="ref27154" refString="Tixier-Durivault, A. (1966) Octocoralliaires. Faune de Madagascar, 21, 1 - 456." type="journal article" year="1966">Tixier-Durivault 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Verseveldt 1971), and the Red Sea (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0E9020FDACF9871406F90F" author="Ehrenberg, G. C." box="[609,793,1663,1688]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="225 - 380" refId="ref24747" refString="Ehrenberg, G. C. (1834) Beitrage zur physiologischen Kenntniss der Corallenthiere im allgemeinen, und besonders des Rothen Meeres, Nebst einem Versuche zur physiologischen Systematik derselben. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1, 225 - 380." type="journal article" year="1834">Ehrenberg 1834</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0E9020FCEBF98714B0F90F" author="Gohar, H. A. F." box="[806,943,1663,1688]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="27 - 118" refId="ref24908" refString="Gohar, H. A. F. (1940) Studies on the Xeniidae of the Red Sea. Their ecology, physiology, taxonomy and phylogeny. Publications of the Marine Biological Station, Ghardaqa, Red Sea, 2, 27 - 118." type="journal article" year="1940">Gohar 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0E9020FC76F9871371F90F" author="Benayahu, Y." box="[955,1134,1663,1688]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="113 - 120" refId="ref24267" refString="Benayahu, Y. (1990) Xeniidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from the Red Sea with description of a new species. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 64, 113 - 120." type="journal article" year="1990">Benayahu 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Benayahu
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0E9020FB3EF9791202F90F" box="[1267,1309,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">et a</emphasis>
|
||
l. 2002). In agreement with the note published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0E9020FD8BF95C15E2F92B" author="Reinicke, G. B." box="[582,765,1700,1725]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="5 - 62" refId="ref26705" refString="Reinicke, G. B. (1997) Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Red Sea, with descriptions of six new species of Xenia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 16, 5 - 62." type="journal article" year="1997">Reinicke (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as well as recent genetic insights into xeniid biogeography (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0E9020FF53F93F1680F977" author="McFadden, C. S. & Gonzalez, A. & Imada, R. & Shi, S. S. & Hong, P. & Ekins, M. & Benayahu, Y." box="[158,415,1735,1760]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" pagination="992 - 1006" refId="ref26546" refString="McFadden, C. S., Gonzalez, A., Imada, R., Shi, S. S., Hong, P., Ekins, M. & Benayahu, Y. (2019) Molecular operational taxonomic units reveal restricted geographic ranges and regional endemism in the Indo-Pacific soft coral family Xeniidae. Journal of Biogeography, 46, 992 - 1006. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 13543" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
McFadden
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0E9020FEEDF931164DF977" box="[288,338,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), records from locations outside the Red Sea should be re-evaluated to determine if those specimens indeed share features of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC0E9020FDABF91515A0F892" box="[614,703,1773,1797]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
that had not been indicated previously, specifically its sclerite microstructure and genetic affiliation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC0E9021FF0AF8CC1322FE8B" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="33.[151,1437,151,1040]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0E9020FF0AF8CC155AF8DA" bold="true" box="[199,581,1844,1869]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Similar species and conclusions.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0E9020FD81F8CD1456F8DA" box="[588,841,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0E9020FD81F8CD15C0F8DA" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[588,735,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">X. umbellata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0E9020FD27F8CD1456F8DA" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[746,841,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blumi">X. blumi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0E9020FC9AF8CD14FBF8DB" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[855,996,1845,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ternatana">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0E9020FC9AF8CD14FBF8DB" box="[855,996,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">X. ternatana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0E9020FBD6F8CD139EF8DA" authorityName=", Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[1051,1153,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0E9020FBD6F8CD139EF8DA" box="[1051,1153,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">X. viridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
all possess three rows of pinnules and have overlapping numbers of pinnules in the outermost row (16–27, 16–22, 15–23 and 15–22, respectively). All have sclerites that are composed of calcite rods, uniform in width, although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0E9020FB72F8851253F803" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[1215,1356,1917,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ternatana">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0E9020FB72F8851253F803" box="[1215,1356,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">X. ternatana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0E9020FA49F88517C0F82E" authorityName=", Schenk" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0E9020FA49F88517C0F82E" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">X. viridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also feature surface crests (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC0E9020FDDAF858156CF82F" box="[535,627,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1576,1598]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,193,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[309,1277,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 14. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia ternatana Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 43). a. Ellipsoid platelets, most fractured; b. Fractured sclerite composed of dendritic calcite rods; c. Sclerites with surface crest. Scale bar 0.010 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363681/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Figs. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC0E9020FD67F85815D7F82E" box="[682,712,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1570,1592]" captionTargetBox="[310,1277,301,1549]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[310,1277,301,1549]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 15. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia viridis Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 42). a. Ellipsoid platelets featuring rough granulated surface, arrow indicates surface furrow; b. Sclerites with surface crest, fractured; c. Fractured sclerites composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous, and radially arranged in peripheral region. Scale bar at a and b 0.010 mm, at c 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363683/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">15</figureCitation>
|
||
, respectively). The sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0E9020FBE5F85913A7F82E" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1064,1208,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0E9020FBE5F85913A7F82E" box="[1064,1208,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">X. umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from those of the other three species, as the tips of the rods are aligned parallel to the sclerite surface and are sinuous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC0E9021FAFFF83C17A9FF27" captionStart-0="FIGURE 16" captionStart-1="FIGURE 17" captionStart-2="FIGURE 18" captionStart-3="FIGURE 19" captionStart-4="FIGURE 20" captionStart-5="FIGURE 21" captionStart-6="FIGURE 22" captionStartId-0="27.[151,250,1585,1607]" captionStartId-1="28.[151,250,1054,1076]" captionStartId-2="28.[151,250,1636,1658]" captionStartId-3="29.[151,250,1101,1123]" captionStartId-4="29.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionStartId-5="30.[151,250,574,596]" captionStartId-6="30.[151,250,1554,1576]" captionTargetBox-0="[308,1278,193,1563]" captionTargetBox-1="[238,1348,589,1033]" captionTargetBox-2="[239,1348,1157,1602]" captionTargetBox-3="[309,1277,193,1080]" captionTargetBox-4="[302,1284,1235,1929]" captionTargetBox-5="[302,1284,193,553]" captionTargetBox-6="[306,1281,707,1533]" captionTargetId-0="figure@27.[308,1278,193,1563]" captionTargetId-1="figure@28.[238,1348,589,1033]" captionTargetId-2="figure@28.[239,1348,1157,1602]" captionTargetId-3="figure@29.[309,1277,193,1080]" captionTargetId-4="figure@29.[302,1284,1235,1929]" captionTargetId-5="figure@30.[302,1284,193,553]" captionTargetId-6="figure@30.[306,1281,707,1533]" captionTargetPageId-0="27" captionTargetPageId-1="28" captionTargetPageId-2="28" captionTargetPageId-3="29" captionTargetPageId-4="29" captionTargetPageId-5="30" captionTargetPageId-6="30" captionText-0="FIGURE 16. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816, neotype (ZMTAU CO 36788). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Fractured sclerite enlarged, composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, in part aligned horizontally on surface; c. Fractured sclerite; d. Overview of sclerites. Scale bar at a, c and d 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 17. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (ZMTAU CO 36780). Ellipsoid sclerites. Scale bar 0.010 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 18. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (ZMTAU CO 36792). Ellipsoid sclerites. Scale bar 0.010 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 19. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (ZMTAU CO 37034). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Overview of sclerites. b. Fractured sclerite enlarged, revealing sinuous dendritic structure. Scale bar at a and c 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." captionText-4="FIGURE 20. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (USNM 1202005). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Overview of sclerites; c. Fractured sclerites composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous, and radially arranged in peripheral region. Scale bar 0.010 mm." captionText-5="FIGURE 21. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (USNM 1202010). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Fractured sclerite composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous, and radially arranged in peripheral region. Scale bar 0.010 mm." captionText-6="FIGURE 22. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816 (USNM 1202016). a. Ellipsoid platelets, some fractured; b. Fractured sclerite (enlarged) composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous, and radially arranged in peripheral region. c. Fractured sclerite. Scale bar at a, c 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3363685/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3363687/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3363689/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3363691/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3363693/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/3363695/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/3363697/files/figure.png" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Figs. 16– 22</figureCitation>
|
||
), unlike those of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0F9021FE72FF61151FFF27" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[447,512,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0F9021FE72FF61151FFF27" box="[447,512,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Xenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, which are radially arranged and terminate vertically towards the sclerite surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC0F9021FF36FF441665FF42" box="[251,378,188,213]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-10="FIGURE 11" captionStart-11="FIGURE 12" captionStart-12="FIGURE 13" captionStart-13="FIGURE 14" captionStart-14="FIGURE 15" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStart-8="FIGURE 9" captionStart-9="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,1345,1367]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1171,1193]" captionStartId-10="19.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionStartId-11="20.[151,250,1123,1145]" captionStartId-12="22.[151,250,1575,1597]" captionStartId-13="24.[151,250,1576,1598]" captionStartId-14="25.[151,250,1570,1592]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1427,1449]" captionStartId-3="8.[151,250,1430,1452]" captionStartId-4="9.[151,250,1551,1573]" captionStartId-5="11.[151,250,1662,1684]" captionStartId-6="12.[151,250,1695,1717]" captionStartId-7="14.[151,250,1518,1540]" captionStartId-8="16.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionStartId-9="18.[151,250,1831,1853]" captionTargetBox-0="[309,1277,193,1323]" captionTargetBox-1="[310,1277,517,1149]" captionTargetBox-10="[309,1277,669,1887]" captionTargetBox-11="[309,1277,193,1102]" captionTargetBox-12="[309,1278,193,1554]" captionTargetBox-13="[309,1277,193,1554]" captionTargetBox-14="[310,1277,301,1549]" captionTargetBox-2="[309,1277,193,1406]" captionTargetBox-3="[309,1277,547,1409]" captionTargetBox-4="[309,1277,373,1529]" captionTargetBox-5="[340,1247,409,1641]" captionTargetBox-6="[309,1277,463,1673]" captionTargetBox-7="[308,1279,193,1497]" captionTargetBox-8="[316,1270,422,1783]" captionTargetBox-9="[241,1357,538,1806]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[309,1277,193,1323]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[310,1277,517,1149]" captionTargetId-10="figure@19.[309,1277,657,1887]" captionTargetId-11="figure@20.[309,1277,193,1102]" captionTargetId-12="figure@22.[309,1278,193,1554]" captionTargetId-13="figure@24.[309,1277,193,1554]" captionTargetId-14="figure@25.[310,1277,301,1549]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[309,1277,193,1406]" captionTargetId-3="figure@8.[309,1277,547,1409]" captionTargetId-4="figure@9.[309,1277,373,1529]" captionTargetId-5="figure@11.[340,1247,409,1641]" captionTargetId-6="figure@12.[309,1277,463,1673]" captionTargetId-7="figure@14.[308,1279,193,1497]" captionTargetId-8="figure@16.[316,1270,422,1783]" captionTargetId-9="figure@18.[241,1357,538,1806]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-10="19" captionTargetPageId-11="20" captionTargetPageId-12="22" captionTargetPageId-13="24" captionTargetPageId-14="25" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionTargetPageId-4="9" captionTargetPageId-5="11" captionTargetPageId-6="12" captionTargetPageId-7="14" captionTargetPageId-8="16" captionTargetPageId-9="18" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia flexibilis n. sp. holotype (ZMB 6105). a. Ellipsoid platelets, some fractured; b. Fractured sclerite revealing matrix of calcite rods, more or less radially arranged, at peripheral region; c. Overview of group of sclerites. Scale bar 0.010 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia bauiana May, 1899 syntype (ZMB 3673). a. Ellipsoid platelets, mostly fractured; b. Fractured sclerite composed of dendritic rods, more or less radially arranged in the peripheral region; Scale bar at a 0.010 mm, at b 0.005 mm." captionText-10="FIGURE 11. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia novaebritanniae Schenk, 1896 syntype (BML 1962.7.20.148). a. Ellipsoid platelets, fractured; b. Fractured sclerite; c. Fractured sclerites enlarged composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous, radially arranged in peripheral region. Scale bar at a and b 0.010 mm, at c 0.002 mm." captionText-11="FIGURE 12. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia novaebritanniae Schenck, 1896 syntype (BMNH 1962.7.20.149). a. Ellipsoid platelets, fractured; b. Fractured sclerites; c. Fractured sclerite enlarged, composed of calcite rods. Scale bar at a and b 0.010 mm, at c 0.002 mm." captionText-12="FIGURE 13. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia rubens Schenk, 1896 type (SMF 46). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Fractured sclerites revealing internal void; c. Overview of sclerites. Scale bar at a 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm, at c 0.020 mm." captionText-13="FIGURE 14. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia ternatana Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 43). a. Ellipsoid platelets, most fractured; b. Fractured sclerite composed of dendritic calcite rods; c. Sclerites with surface crest. Scale bar 0.010 mm." captionText-14="FIGURE 15. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia viridis Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 42). a. Ellipsoid platelets featuring rough granulated surface, arrow indicates surface furrow; b. Sclerites with surface crest, fractured; c. Fractured sclerites composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous, and radially arranged in peripheral region. Scale bar at a and b 0.010 mm, at c 0.002 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia blumi Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 44). a. Ellipsoid platelets, fractured; b. Fractured sclerite enlarged; c. Fractured sclerite composed of dendritic rods; d. Overview of sclerites. Scale bar at a, c and d 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia plicata Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 45). a. Ellipsoid platelets, most fractured; b. Fractured sclerite; c. Fractured sclerite, enlarged, composed of calcite rods, often dendritic and sinuous, and more or less radially arranged in the peripheral region. Scale bar at a and b 0.010 mm, at c 0.001 mm." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia crassa Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 39). a. Sclerites with a surface crest, fractured; b. Ellipsoid platelet, mostly fractured; c. Fractured sclerite composed of a latticework matrix of dendritic calcite rods and more or less radially arranged in the peripheral region. Arrows at b, c indicate surface furrow. Scale bar 0.010 mm." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia fusca Schenk, 1896 syntype (SMF 40). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Fractured sclerites composed of a latticework matrix of dendritic calcite rods and more or less radially arranged in the peripheral region; c. Overview of sclerites. Scale at a and c 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia garciae Bourne, 1894 type (BML 1921.11.18.1). a. Sclerite with a surface crest, fractured; b. Ellipsoid sclerites, fractured c. Fractured sclerite composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous and radially arranged in the peripheral region; d. Overview of sclerites, fractured. Scale bar at a, b and d 0.010 mm, at c 0.002 mm." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia grasshoffi Verseveldt, 1974 holotype (SMF 2616). a. Ellipsoid platelets, fractured; b. Sclerites with surface crest; c. Fractured sclerites composed of a latticework matrix of dendritic calcite rods radially arranged, at least in peripheral region; d. Overview of variety of sclerites. Scale bar at a, b and c 0.010 mm, at d 0.020 mm." captionText-8="FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia membranacea Schenk, 1896 syntype (SMF 41). a. Irregular sclerites with rough surface texture; b. Irregular sclerites with granular surface texture; c. Sclerites with surface crest, some fractured; d. Fractured sclerites composed of dendritic rods (enlarged). e. Ellipsoid platelets; f. Round sclerite; g. Fractured sclerite. Scale bar at a, b, c, e, f, g 0.010 mm, at d 0.002 mm." captionText-9="FIGURE 10. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia multispiculata Schenk, 1896 Syntype (ZMB 6920). a. Ellipsoid platelets, some fractured; b. Fractured sclerites; c. Fractured sclerites composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous, radially arranged in the peripheral region. Scale bar at a and b 0.010 mm, at c 0.002 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3363655/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3363657/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/3363675/files/figure.png" httpUri-11="https://zenodo.org/record/3363677/files/figure.png" httpUri-12="https://zenodo.org/record/3363679/files/figure.png" httpUri-13="https://zenodo.org/record/3363681/files/figure.png" httpUri-14="https://zenodo.org/record/3363683/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3363659/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3363661/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3363663/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/3363665/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/3363667/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/3363669/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/3363671/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/3363673/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Figs. 1–15</figureCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, it is concluded that such differences in sclerite microstructure along with the distinct phylogenetic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0F9021FDECFF1915A9FF6F" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[545,694,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0F9021FDECFF1915A9FF6F" box="[545,694,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">X. umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DC1323E5AC0F9021FCFAFF271485FF6F" box="[823,922,223,248]" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
|
||
compared to other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0F9021FB40FF1913D0FF6F" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1165,1231,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0F9021FB40FF1913D0FF6F" box="[1165,1231,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Xenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species make
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0F9021FA49FF191618FE8A" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0F9021FA49FF191618FE8A" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">X. umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
unique and justify its designation as a separate species (see also
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC0F9021FC10FEFC132EFE8B" box="[989,1073,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1464,1486]" captionTargetBox="[152,1421,275,1431]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[150,1436,265,1443]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 23. Bayesian tree of family Xeniidae based on partitioned analysis of mtMutS, igr1+COI and 28S rDNA. Solid circles: posterior probability> 0.9, ML bootstrap value>70%; open circles: pp> 0.9, bs <70%. Genera other than Xenia, Heteroxenia and Ovabunda have been collapsed to facilitate readability. X1, X2 and X3 denote clades defined by McFadden et al. 2014." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363699/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="56CDBE8CAC0F9021FF0AFED11305FC5F" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC0F9021FF0AFED11305FC5F" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0F9021FF0AFED11513FED7" authority="Ashworth, 1899" authorityName="Ashworth" authorityYear="1899" box="[199,524,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hicksoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0F9021FF0AFED11657FED7" box="[199,328,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">X. hicksoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0F9021FE9EFEDF1513FED7" author="Ashworth, J. H." box="[339,524,295,320]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" pagination="245 - 304" refId="ref24162" refString="Ashworth, J. H. (1899) The structure of Xenia hicksoni nov. sp. with some observations on Heteroxenia elizabethae Kolliker. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Sciences, New Series, 42, 245 - 304." type="journal article" year="1899">Ashworth, 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0F9021FD01FED1147FFED7" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[716,864,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0F9021FD01FED1147FFED7" box="[716,864,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">X. umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It was described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC0F9021FBB2FEDF13F3FED7" box="[1151,1260,295,320]" name="Indonesia" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Talisse, north
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DC1323E5AC0F9021FF5AFEB417EEFEF2" box="[151,241,332,357]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Celebes</collectingRegion>
|
||
) as bearing three rows of pinnules, 12–20 pinnules per row, with no sclerites in the tentacles and pinnules. Later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0F9021FF12FE881669FE1F" author="Roxas, H. A." box="[223,374,368,392]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" pagination="49 - 108" refId="ref26841" refString="Roxas, H. A. (1933) Philippine Alcyonaria, the Families Cornulariidae and Xeniidae. The Philippine Journal of Science, 50, 49 - 108." type="journal article" year="1933">Roxas (1933)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described it from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC0F9021FDA0FE9715F4FE1F" box="[621,747,367,392]" name="Philippines" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
with three rows of pinnules, 16–18 pinnules in the outermost row, and numerous sclerites.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0F9021FE10FE6C156AFE3B" author="Gohar, H. A. F." box="[477,629,404,429]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" pagination="27 - 118" refId="ref24908" refString="Gohar, H. A. F. (1940) Studies on the Xeniidae of the Red Sea. Their ecology, physiology, taxonomy and phylogeny. Publications of the Marine Biological Station, Ghardaqa, Red Sea, 2, 27 - 118." type="journal article" year="1940">Gohar (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC0F9021FCD7FE6D1455FE3A" box="[794,842,405,429]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">type</typeStatus>
|
||
and concluded that it is a good species, adding some notes on specimens he had collected in the Red Sea (Hurgada). That study also noted pulsating colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0F9021FA49FE4117EBFE62" authorityName="Ashworth" authorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hicksoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0F9021FA49FE4117EBFE62" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">X. hicksoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0F9021FE5AFE251538FE62" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[407,551,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0F9021FE5AFE251538FE62" box="[407,551,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">X. umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, bearing 2–3 rows of pinnules,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC0F9021FC5EFE2414E8FE62" box="[915,1015,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.588" metricValueMax="6.604" metricValueMin="4.572" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" unit="in" value="22.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="18.0">18–26 in</quantity>
|
||
the outermost row, with the sclerites appearing in patches throughout the colony, “unevenly scattered on the surface” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0F9021FBD2FE0713C5FD8F" author="Gohar, H. A. F." box="[1055,1242,511,536]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" pagination="27 - 118" refId="ref24908" refString="Gohar, H. A. F. (1940) Studies on the Xeniidae of the Red Sea. Their ecology, physiology, taxonomy and phylogeny. Publications of the Marine Biological Station, Ghardaqa, Red Sea, 2, 27 - 118." type="journal article" year="1940">Gohar, 1940: 96</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Accordingly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0F9021FA49FDF91618FDAA" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0F9021FA49FDF91618FDAA" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">X. umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0F9021FEF1FDDD16A7FDAA" authorityName="Ashworth" authorityYear="1899" box="[316,440,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hicksoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0F9021FEF1FDDD16A7FDAA" box="[316,440,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">X. hicksoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seem to share some similar morphological features of their soft tissue. Both species have 2–3 rows of pinnules and an overlapping number of pinnules in the outermost row, but differ in the presence of sclerites, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0F9021FEF4FD9516AAFD12" authorityName="Ashworth" authorityYear="1899" box="[313,437,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hicksoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0F9021FEF4FD9516AAFD12" box="[313,437,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">X. hicksoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having only a few or none (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0F9021FC9DFD9414E8FD13" author="Reinicke, G. B." box="[848,1015,620,645]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" pagination="5 - 62" refId="ref26705" refString="Reinicke, G. B. (1997) Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Red Sea, with descriptions of six new species of Xenia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 16, 5 - 62." type="journal article" year="1997">Reinicke 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The current study has shown that
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0F9021FA49FD951611FD3F" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0F9021FA49FD951615FD3F" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">X. umbellata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
too, may occasionally have a low abundance of sclerites. Two colonies collected in Eilat and identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0F9021FF77FD4D1625FD5A" authorityName="Ashworth" authorityYear="1899" box="[186,314,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hicksoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0F9021FF77FD4D1625FD5A" box="[186,314,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">X. hicksoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC0F9021FE80FD4C1542FD5B" author="McFadden, C. S. & Benayahu, Y. & Pante, E. & Thoma, J. N. & Nevarez, P. A. & France, S. C." box="[333,605,692,717]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" pagination="19 - 31" refId="ref26219" refString="McFadden, C. S., Benayahu, Y., Pante, E., Thoma, J. N., Nevarez, P. A. & France, S. C. (2011) Limitations of mitochondrial gene barcoding in Octocorallia. Molecular Ecology Resources, 11, 19 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1755 - 0998.2010.02875. x" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
McFadden
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0F9021FE1EFD4D1516FD5A" box="[467,521,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: ZMTAU CO 34072, 34073) share identical sequences with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0F9021FA96FD4D1618FD67" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0F9021FA96FD4D1618FD67" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Xenia umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined during this study (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC0F9021FD9AFD2F15B1FD67" box="[599,686,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1464,1486]" captionTargetBox="[152,1421,275,1431]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[150,1436,265,1443]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 23. Bayesian tree of family Xeniidae based on partitioned analysis of mtMutS, igr1+COI and 28S rDNA. Solid circles: posterior probability> 0.9, ML bootstrap value>70%; open circles: pp> 0.9, bs <70%. Genera other than Xenia, Heteroxenia and Ovabunda have been collapsed to facilitate readability. X1, X2 and X3 denote clades defined by McFadden et al. 2014." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363699/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both were re-examined here, and the former was found to have sclerites only in the colony base, while the latter lacks sclerites entirely. Colonies collected in Eilat during the current study and identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0F9021FE38FCD9156DFCAF" authorityName="Ashworth" authorityYear="1899" box="[501,626,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hicksoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0F9021FE38FCD9156DFCAF" box="[501,626,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">X. hicksoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
unfortunately could not be sequenced. Two of them lack sclerites in all parts of the colony (ZMTAU CO 36874 and 36892), and one has sclerites only in the colony base (ZMTAU CO 36853). Therefore, based on Red Sea material,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0F9021FD04FC911455FC17" authorityName="Ashworth" authorityYear="1899" box="[713,842,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hicksoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0F9021FD04FC911455FC17" box="[713,842,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">X. hicksoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0F9021FC46FC911300FC17" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[907,1055,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0F9021FC46FC911300FC17" box="[907,1055,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">X. umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be considered synonyms. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC0F9021FEC3FC751691FC32" authorityName="Ashworth" authorityYear="1899" box="[270,398,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hicksoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0F9021FEC3FC751691FC32" box="[270,398,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">X. hicksoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from its
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC0F9021FDCDFC75152FFC32" box="[512,560,909,933]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC0F9021FD6FFC74140DFC32" box="[674,786,908,933]" name="Indonesia" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) might still represent a valid and different species, and should be compared genetically and morphologically with the Red Sea material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="56CDBE8CAC0F9021FF0AFC2C1559FB87" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC0F9021FF0AFC2C1559FB87" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC0F9021FF0AFC2C167FFC7A" bold="true" box="[199,352,980,1005]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Red Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC0F9021FE16FC2D1501FC7B" box="[475,542,981,1004]" name="Japan" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC0F9021FDE6FC2C15B3FC7A" box="[555,684,980,1005]" name="Philippines" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC0F9021FD77FC2C1435FC7A" box="[698,810,980,1005]" name="Indonesia" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC0F9021FCF5FC2D1304FC7A" box="[824,1051,980,1005]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DC1323E5AC0F9021FBE5FC2D13A7FC7A" box="[1064,1208,980,1005]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">New Britain</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Great Barrier Reef (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC0F9021FF53FC0F1614FB87" box="[158,267,1015,1040]" name="Australia" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC0F9021FED3FC0F169DFB87" box="[286,386,1015,1040]" name="Tanzania" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC0F9021FE75FC0F155DFB87" box="[440,578,1015,1040]" name="Madagascar" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |