202 lines
18 KiB
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202 lines
18 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.934.49359" ID-GBIF-Dataset="99c6eb43-dc87-4106-82ed-1325f4df7b26" ID-PMC="PMC7250940" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-934-25" ID-Pensoft-UUID="598339B5A93C5551BC575CD4048FC8D3" ID-PubMed="32508494" ID-ZooBank="B9F2C8D8C0314191B6F51E78D4D6881E" ModsDocID="1313-2970-934-25" checkinTime="1589939917447" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, Rachel R. & Short, Andrew Edward Z." docDate="2020" docId="9624C9B41A2D5F2998298842D6691D90" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 934: 25-79" docOrigin="ZooKeys 934" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.934.49359" docTitle="Chasmogenus undulatus Smith & Short 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="8D86B749-C001-4FFB-8423-DDC75A7BA12B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="598339B5A93C5551BC575CD4048FC8D3" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="598339B5A93C5551BC575CD4048FC8D3" masterDocTitle="Review of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 of northeastern South America with an emphasis on Venezuela, Suriname, and Guyana (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)" masterLastPageNumber="79" masterPageNumber="25" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1668168854401" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Review of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 of northeastern South America with an emphasis on Venezuela, Suriname, and Guyana (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, Rachel R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rr.smith816@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Short, Andrew Edward Z.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">aezshort@ku.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>934</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>25</mods:start>
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<mods:end>79</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.934.49359</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.934.49359</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-934-25</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B9F2C8D8C0314191B6F51E78D4D6881E</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">598339B5A93C5551BC575CD4048FC8D3</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="164241240" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8D86B749-C001-4FFB-8423-DDC75A7BA12B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9624C9B41A2D5F2998298842D6691D90" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName LSID="9624C9B4-1A2D-5F29-9829-8842D6691D90" authority="Smith & Short, 2020" authorityName="Smith & Short" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus undulatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus" status="sp. nov.">Chasmogenus undulatus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="25">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Dorsal view of heads of Chasmogenus spp. A C. amplius B C. acuminatus C C. berbicensis D C. clavijoi E C. undulatus F C. gato." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411764" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Figures 9E</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Aedeagi of Chasmogenus spp. A-D C. pandus A dorsal view (Suriname) B side view (Suriname) C specimen from French Guiana D specimen from Brazil E C. ligulatus F C. sinnamarensis G C. undulatus H, I C. acuminatus H specimen from Suriname I specimen from Guyana. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411770" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">, 15G</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Distribution of Chasmogenus spp." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411772" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">, 17</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Habitat of Chasmogenus spp in Guyana. A Type locality and habitat for C. berbicensis, Guyana, margin / detrital sandbar of the upper Berbice River (collecting event GY 14 - 0922 - 02 A) B type locality and habitat for C. undulatus Guyana, near Ayanganna airstrip (collecting event GY 14 - 0317 - 01 A) C habitat for C. acuminatus and C. guianensis, Guyana, small tributary of the upper Berbice River (collecting event GY 14 - 0924 - 01 A) D habitat for C. acuminatus (collecting event GY 13 - 1103 - 02 A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411777" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">, 22B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chasmogenus</taxonomicName>
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sp. A Short, Salisbury, & La Cruz 2018: 193.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Holotype (male)</emphasis>
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: "Guyana: Region XIII/
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<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="18.261" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.30435">5°18.261'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="50.257" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-59.837616">59°50.257'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 687 m/ Ayanganna Airstrip, trail from air-/ strip to Ayanganna; forested/ detrital pools; leg. A. Short/ 18.iii.2014/ GY14-0318-01B", "[barcode]/SEMC1313817/ KUNHM-ENT", "HOLOTYPE/ CHASMOGENUS/
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith & Short" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="undulatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">undulatus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n./ des. Smith & Short" (CBDG).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Paratypes (20)</emphasis>
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: GUYANA: Region 8: same data as holotype (4 exs., SEMC including DNA Voucher SLE1618); same data as holotype except: 17.iii.2014, forest detrital pools, GY14-0317-01A (14 exs., CBDG, SEMC including DNA Vouchers SLE1832 and SLE1833); same data as holotype except: 19.iii.2014, trail from airstrip to marshy mined area, GY14-0319-02A (1 ex., SEMC); Ayanganna Airstrip, trail from Blackwater Creek Camp to Potaro River,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="17.823" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.29705">5°17.823'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="50.000" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-59.833332">59°50.000'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 684 m, 19.iii.2014, leg. A. Short, forest detrital pools, GY14-0319-01A (1 ex., SEMC, DNA Voucher SLE1831).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="differential diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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Among species that have a broad clypeal emargination and the apex of the median lobe extending past the apex of the paramere,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. undulatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="undulatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. undulatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may be distinguished from the widespread and similar
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acuminatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. acuminatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the distinctly sinuated outer margins of the parameres (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Aedeagi of Chasmogenus spp. A-D C. pandus A dorsal view (Suriname) B side view (Suriname) C specimen from French Guiana D specimen from Brazil E C. ligulatus F C. sinnamarensis G C. undulatus H, I C. acuminatus H specimen from Suriname I specimen from Guyana. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411770" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">15G</figureCitation>
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) (straight in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acuminatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. acuminatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). In other species with sinuated outer margins of the parameres (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. ligulatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="ligulatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. ligulatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. pandus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="pandus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. pandus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), this species may be distinguished by the gradually tapered and blunt apex of the median lobe (more pointed in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. pandus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="pandus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. pandus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, not tapered in
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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C
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<taxonomicName lsidName="ligulatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="ligulatus">ligulatus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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). Examination of the aedeagus is the only way to definitively identify this species. Unassociated females may not be determined with certainty.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Size and color.</emphasis>
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Total body length 3.8-4.0 mm. Body form elongate oval with slightly curved lateral margins. Dorsum of head dark brown, clypeus slightly paler (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Dorsal view of heads of Chasmogenus spp. A C. amplius B C. acuminatus C C. berbicensis D C. clavijoi E C. undulatus F C. gato." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411764" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">9E</figureCitation>
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). Pronotum dark orange-brown, distinctly paler marginally. Elytra uniformly dark brown. Venter dark red brown to dark brown.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Head.</emphasis>
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Ground punctation on head fine to moderately coarse. Clypeus with anteromedial emargination, which exposes a trapezoidal gap between the clypeus and labrum (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Dorsal view of heads of Chasmogenus spp. A C. amplius B C. acuminatus C C. berbicensis D C. clavijoi E C. undulatus F C. gato." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411764" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">9E</figureCitation>
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). Mentum strongly depressed in anterior half with subtriangular anteromedial notch. Maxillary palps long, longer than width of head immediately posterior to eyes.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Thorax.</emphasis>
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Ground punctation on pronotum moderately coarse. Prosternum tectiform. Mesoventrite with elevation forming a posteromedial longitudinal carina with the lateral margins convex. Metafemora densely pubescent in basal six-sevenths.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Aedeagus.</emphasis>
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Aedeagus (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Aedeagi of Chasmogenus spp. A-D C. pandus A dorsal view (Suriname) B side view (Suriname) C specimen from French Guiana D specimen from Brazil E C. ligulatus F C. sinnamarensis G C. undulatus H, I C. acuminatus H specimen from Suriname I specimen from Guyana. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411770" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">15G</figureCitation>
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) with median lobe nearly parallel-sided and widest in basal half, then angled slightly to the left and tapering gradually to a weakly acuminate apex, distinctly extending beyond the apex of the parameres. Sclerite of the median lobe expanded and developed into a wide angulate sliver with a sharply acute apex that extends to the apex of the parameres. Gonopore situated ca. 1.5 gonopore widths below the apex of the median lobe. Parameres symmetrical, with outer margins strongly bisinuated, giving the margins a weakly undulating appearance, apical distinctly narrower than basal half; apex bluntly rounded. Basal piece short, ca. one-third the length of the parameres.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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The species name is derived from the Latin
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<taxonomicName lsidName="undulatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="undulatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">undulatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, meaning
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“wavy”">"wavy"</normalizedToken>
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, after the curvy and sinuated margins of the parameres.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">This species is known from several collections near Mount Ayanganna in western Guyana.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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Series of this species were collected in forested detrital pools (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Habitat of Chasmogenus spp in Guyana. A Type locality and habitat for C. berbicensis, Guyana, margin / detrital sandbar of the upper Berbice River (collecting event GY 14 - 0922 - 02 A) B type locality and habitat for C. undulatus Guyana, near Ayanganna airstrip (collecting event GY 14 - 0317 - 01 A) C habitat for C. acuminatus and C. guianensis, Guyana, small tributary of the upper Berbice River (collecting event GY 14 - 0924 - 01 A) D habitat for C. acuminatus (collecting event GY 13 - 1103 - 02 A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411777" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">22B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411777" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" start="Figure 22" startId="F22">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Figure 22.</emphasis>
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Habitat of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Chasmogenus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp in Guyana.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
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Type locality and habitat for
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. berbicensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="berbicensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. berbicensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Guyana, margin/detrital sandbar of the upper Berbice River (collecting event GY14-0922-02A)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
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type locality and habitat for
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. undulatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="undulatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. undulatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Guyana, near Ayanganna airstrip (collecting event GY14-0317-01A)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
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habitat for
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acuminatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. acuminatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. guianensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="guianensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. guianensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Guyana, small tributary of the upper Berbice River (collecting event GY14-0924-01A)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">D</emphasis>
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habitat for
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acuminatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. acuminatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(collecting event GY13-1103-02A).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |