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<document id="20113E2983826CDE43F1C5DA306F166F" ID-CLB-Dataset="8785" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4822.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f08bfa4e-271a-4459-88bc-e846bcf4a0d2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4401711" ID-ZooBank="B87B0063-9D1B-4FD7-A2B4-EB3622FCE68A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609337928310" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Peña Cantero, Álvaro L." docDate="2020" docId="513D0740FFE8D43054FCF903FB304168" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4822.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4822 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Zygophylax laertesi Peña Cantero 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="F12154FC-7F72-4255-B8C4-0202B01B6413" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="397" masterDocId="AD047F38FFEDD438546BFFE7FFA34465" masterDocTitle="On six new species of Zygophylax Quelch, 1885 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa Zygophylacidae) from the New Calendonian region" masterLastPageNumber="404" masterPageNumber="389" pageNumber="394" updateTime="1698849726705" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="B8675FA7C38A0B64B3A95CC4DBB62AED" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="4503FE40B662CB5CE727A12016C39520">
<mods:title id="4882DA7EBFF1DD733C1D2275C446B2D8">On six new species of Zygophylax Quelch, 1885 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa Zygophylacidae) from the New Calendonian region</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F119ED3F0320830576EC2C9D7E1BD837" type="personal">
<mods:role id="47C12689796DEB4AD480FC203568BC69">
<mods:roleTerm id="9615A9FD22B79E8EE0AA654ABC95F599">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FF5B0BA245CDACF90C319AD4E34D40E1">Peña Cantero, Álvaro L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E37734E63762D3AE8F0F2B4A5E352EAF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="FECBDFFAC2092B0C53A9AE281612384B">
<mods:date id="504B4332BCF923480C600B3EA87B0FC7">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="68862506E153647E62C702BA681F7407" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="16C0993C94B43521571269F4AEC15737">2020-08-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F9C6AA9EBE9D1973793E5E85E2408950">4822</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C7206FE09A6F3A7B025732DA12F3ED17">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="354144566EC6474EA423C612ED872A7F">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6ADAD5B62C537AAC428970EC04CABA6A" type="CLB-Dataset">8785</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="31964D36C29433F2823D5FC4B43BCF48" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4822.3.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3BB1503E336B48860C4F1C0F731007BE" type="GBIF-Dataset">f08bfa4e-271a-4459-88bc-e846bcf4a0d2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E8627F714349FF6B2B4B9EDEEB6FE22D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F0861CDFD2FC74E7F9839F7CDFAF435E" type="Zenodo-Dep">4401711</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9C958487B3BD139B6AE7864DA6F0EBAC" type="ZooBank">B87B0063-9D1B-4FD7-A2B4-EB3622FCE68A</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="513D0740FFE8D43054FCF903FB304168" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401689" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177009826" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4401689" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F12154FC-7F72-4255-B8C4-0202B01B6413" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/513D0740FFE8D43054FCF903FB304168" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="397" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">
<subSubSection id="918EE5DDFFE8D43D54FCF903FE4A429A" box="[151,489,1764,1791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFE8D43D54FCF903FE4A429A" blockId="5.[151,907,1764,1855]" box="[151,489,1764,1791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">
<heading id="8263013AFFE8D43D54FCF903FE4A429A" bold="true" box="[151,489,1764,1791]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" reason="1">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE8D43D54FCF903FE4A429A" bold="true" box="[151,489,1764,1791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">
<taxonomicName id="1E94CDD5FFE8D43D54FCF903FE27429A" authority="Peña Cantero, 2020" authorityName="Peña Cantero" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,388,1764,1791]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="laertesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE8D43D54FCF903FE27429A" bold="true" box="[151,388,1764,1791]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">Zygophylax laertesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0D3D73FFFE8D43D55E7F902FE4A429A" box="[396,489,1765,1791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="918EE5DDFFE8D43D54FCF8EFFC28435A" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" type="description">
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFE8D43D54FCF8EFFECE4346" blockId="5.[151,907,1764,1855]" box="[151,365,1800,1827]" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">
(
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE8D43D54F4F8EFFF584346" box="[159,251,1800,1827]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[247,1339,184,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[247,1339,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, Colony shape, branching and coppiniae (arrows); B, detail of coppinia. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: D, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax medeae sp. nov.: E, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: F, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax pseudoabietinella sp. nov.: G, colony shape, branching and coppinia (circle); H, detail of coppinia. (All material from holotypes). Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401713/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">Figs 1D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE8D43D5563F8EEFEB74346" box="[264,276,1801,1827]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,187,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-30@4.[211,1375,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, hydrocladial apophysis and axillary hydrotheca; B, hydrocladial hydrotheca. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematotheca; D, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; E, gonotheca. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: F, stem fragment showing hydrocladial origin, axillary hydrothecae and nematothecae; G, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; H, gonotheca. (All drawings from holotypes). Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401717/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">3</figureCitation>
F–H, 5)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFE8D43D54FCF8C0FC28435A" blockId="5.[151,907,1764,1855]" box="[151,907,1831,1855]" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">
<uri id="AD05BA54FFE8D43D54FCF8C0FC28435A" box="[151,907,1831,1855]" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="AD328C83FFE8D43D55F6F8C0FC28435A" box="[413,907,1831,1855]" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">F12154FC-7F72-4255-B8C4-0202B01B6413</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="918EE5DDFFE8D43D54FCF88AFA9A43C9" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFE8D43D54FCF88AFA9A43C9" blockId="5.[151,1437,1901,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE8D43D54FCF88AFE2143E2" bold="true" box="[151,386,1901,1927]" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="69FCBC0BFFE8D43D55E1F889FA9643C9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019647304" collectingDate="1985-09-29" collectorName="Stn CP" country="New Caledonia" elevation="503" latitude="-22.991667" location="Koutoumo Island" longLatPrecision="125" longitude="167.36667" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
MUSORSTOM 4
<collectorName id="7461D380FFE8D43D5631F889FD0A43ED" box="[602,681,1902,1928]" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">Stn CP</collectorName>
216,
<geoCoordinate id="BCA0D091FFE8D43D5680F889FCCB43EC" box="[747,872,1902,1929]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="59.5" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" precision="92" value="-22.991667">22°59.5’S–</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="BCA0D091FFE8D43D5702F889FC4443EC" box="[873,999,1902,1929]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="22.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" precision="92" value="167.36667">167°22.0’E</geoCoordinate>
(off
<location id="DC4BE08DFFE8D43D504BF889FB4743ED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:513D0740FFE8D43054FCF903FB304168:DC4BE08DFFE8D43D504BF889FB4743ED" box="[1056,1252,1902,1928]" country="New Caledonia" latitude="-22.991667" longLatPrecision="125" longitude="167.36667" name="Koutoumo Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">Koutoumo Island</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="A183F6C6FFE8D43D509BF889FA3E43ED" box="[1264,1437,1902,1928]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
region),
<quantity id="1E6C1BB3FFE8D43D549FF875FED043C9" box="[244,371,1938,1965]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.025" metricValueMax="5.15" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" unit="m" value="502.5" valueMax="515.0" valueMin="490.0">
<elevation id="52B95165FFE8D43D549FF875FED043C9" box="[244,371,1938,1965]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.025" metricValueMax="5.15" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" unit="m" value="502.5" valueMax="515.0" valueMin="490.0">490–515 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="AD2A9096FFE8D43D5515F875FE5D43C8" box="[382,510,1938,1965]" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" value="1985-09-29">
<collectingDate id="BD6E697EFFE8D43D5515F875FE5D43C8" box="[382,510,1938,1965]" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" value="1985-09-29">29.09.1985</collectingDate>
</date>
: one stem
<quantity id="1E6C1BB3FFE8D43D561FF875FD6043C9" box="[628,707,1938,1964]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
high, with coppinia (
<typeStatus id="062F08F4FFE8D43D57DAF875FBBD43C9" box="[945,1054,1938,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, MNHN-IK-2019-2044)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="918EE5DDFFE8D43054ACF852FE414018" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="397" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" type="description">
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFE8D43054ACF852FC134524" blockId="5.[151,1437,1901,2036]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,150,1293]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="397" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE8D43D54ACF852FEFA43AA" bold="true" box="[199,345,1973,1999]" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">Description.</emphasis>
Stem
<quantity id="1E6C1BB3FFE8D43D55CAF851FE5343B5" box="[417,496,1974,2000]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
high (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE8D43D5653F851FD3343B5" box="[568,656,1974,2000]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[247,1339,184,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[247,1339,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, Colony shape, branching and coppiniae (arrows); B, detail of coppinia. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: D, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax medeae sp. nov.: E, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: F, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax pseudoabietinella sp. nov.: G, colony shape, branching and coppinia (circle); H, detail of coppinia. (All material from holotypes). Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401713/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
), stiff, strongly and almost completely polysiphonic. Stem with alternately arranged apophyses giving rise to hydrothecae and hydrocladia. Branching alternate, in one plane, but with hydrocladia grouped in sub-opposite pairs (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D4305616FF70FD7644D4" box="[637,725,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[247,1339,184,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[247,1339,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, Colony shape, branching and coppiniae (arrows); B, detail of coppinia. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: D, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax medeae sp. nov.: E, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: F, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax pseudoabietinella sp. nov.: G, colony shape, branching and coppinia (circle); H, detail of coppinia. (All material from holotypes). Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401713/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D430568AFF70FD5C44D4" box="[737,767,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,187,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-30@4.[211,1375,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, hydrocladial apophysis and axillary hydrotheca; B, hydrocladial hydrotheca. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematotheca; D, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; E, gonotheca. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: F, stem fragment showing hydrocladial origin, axillary hydrothecae and nematothecae; G, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; H, gonotheca. (All drawings from holotypes). Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401717/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">3F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D4305760FF71FC8D44D4" box="[779,814,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[246,1341,182,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[246,1341,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: A, stem fragment showing hydrothecae and nematothecae; B, stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematothecae; C, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; D–F, hydrothecae (in D arrows pointing to operculum and internal cusp); G, hydrothecal diaphragm and keel (arrow); H, nematothecae from accessory tubes. (All photographs from the holotype). Scale bar: 200 µm (A–C), 100 µm (D–F, H), 50 µm (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401721/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">5A</figureCitation>
) and with two hydrothecae between successive pairs. A basal pair of hydrocladia (and another higher) much developed (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D4305736FF5CFC1744B0" box="[861,948,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[247,1339,184,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[247,1339,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, Colony shape, branching and coppiniae (arrows); B, detail of coppinia. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: D, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax medeae sp. nov.: E, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: F, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax pseudoabietinella sp. nov.: G, colony shape, branching and coppinia (circle); H, detail of coppinia. (All material from holotypes). Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401713/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
), becoming second-order stems or branches and giving rise in turn to hydrocladia. Hydrocladia polysiphonic for most of their extension, except for the youngest ones. Faint separation between hydrocladial apophyses and hydrocladia (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D43057A3FEE4FBBE4578" box="[968,1053,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,187,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-30@4.[211,1375,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, hydrocladial apophysis and axillary hydrotheca; B, hydrocladial hydrotheca. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematotheca; D, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; E, gonotheca. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: F, stem fragment showing hydrocladial origin, axillary hydrothecae and nematothecae; G, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; H, gonotheca. (All drawings from holotypes). Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401717/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
). Angle between stem or branches and hydrocladia 70° (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D43055E3FEC0FE414524" box="[392,482,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[247,1339,184,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[247,1339,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, Colony shape, branching and coppiniae (arrows); B, detail of coppinia. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: D, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax medeae sp. nov.: E, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: F, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax pseudoabietinella sp. nov.: G, colony shape, branching and coppinia (circle); H, detail of coppinia. (All material from holotypes). Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401713/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). Hydrocladia roughly straight (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D4305722FEC0FC014524" box="[841,930,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[247,1339,184,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[247,1339,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, Colony shape, branching and coppiniae (arrows); B, detail of coppinia. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: D, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax medeae sp. nov.: E, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: F, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax pseudoabietinella sp. nov.: G, colony shape, branching and coppinia (circle); H, detail of coppinia. (All material from holotypes). Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401713/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="8DEBE6DEFFEBD43E54FCF896FBFE4390" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401719" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4401719" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401719/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="395" startId="6.[151,250,1905,1929]" targetBox="[233,1354,185,1878]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFEBD43E54FCF896FBFE4390" blockId="6.[151,1437,1905,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFEBD43E54FCF896FEB743EC" bold="true" box="[151,276,1905,1929]" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1E94CDD5FFEBD43E5570F896FE5543EC" authority="Peña Cantero, 2020" authorityName="Peña Cantero" authorityYear="2020" box="[283,502,1905,1929]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="395" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="encarnae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFEBD43E5570F896FE5543EC" box="[283,502,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">Zygophylax encarnae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFEBD43E5595F896FDEC43EC" bold="true" box="[510,591,1905,1929]" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0D3D73FFFEBD43E5595F896FDEC43EC" box="[510,591,1905,1929]" pageId="6" pageNumber="395" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: A, stem fragment showing hydrocladial origin and axillary hydrotheca; B, hydrocladial apophysis, origin of axillary hydrotheca and nematotheca; C–D, hydrocladial fragments showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; E, hydrocladial hydrotheca; F, detail of hydrothecal pedicel and diaphragm; G, nematotheca; H, gonotheca. (All photographs from the holotype). Scale bar: 200 µm (A, C–D, H), 100 µm (B, E, G), 50 µm (F).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="8DEBE6DEFFEAD43F54FCF8A2FE924388" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401721" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4401721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401721/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="396" startId="7.[151,250,1861,1885]" targetBox="[246,1341,182,1836]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFEAD43F54FCF8A2FE924388" blockId="7.[151,1437,1861,2030]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFEAD43F54FCF8A2FEB74338" bold="true" box="[151,276,1861,1885]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1E94CDD5FFEAD43F5570F8A2FE474338" authority="Peña Cantero, 2020" authorityName="Peña Cantero" authorityYear="2020" box="[283,484,1861,1885]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="396" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="laertesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFEAD43F5570F8A2FE474338" box="[283,484,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">Zygophylax laertesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFEAD43F5580F8A2FD9F4338" bold="true" box="[491,572,1861,1885]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0D3D73FFFEAD43F5580F8A2FD9F4338" box="[491,572,1861,1885]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: A, stem fragment showing hydrothecae and nematothecae; B, stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematothecae; C, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; D–F, hydrothecae (in D arrows pointing to operculum and internal cusp); G, hydrothecal diaphragm and keel (arrow); H, nematothecae from accessory tubes. (All photographs from the holotype). Scale bar: 200 µm (A–C), 100 µm (D–F, H), 50 µm (G).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFE5D43054ACFEACFBB645C8" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">
Hydrothecae alternately arranged in one plane (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D43056B5FEACFC984500" box="[734,827,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,187,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-30@4.[211,1375,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, hydrocladial apophysis and axillary hydrotheca; B, hydrocladial hydrotheca. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematotheca; D, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; E, gonotheca. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: F, stem fragment showing hydrocladial origin, axillary hydrothecae and nematothecae; G, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; H, gonotheca. (All drawings from holotypes). Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401717/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Figs 3G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D430572CFEADFCC94500" box="[839,874,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[246,1341,182,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[246,1341,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: A, stem fragment showing hydrothecae and nematothecae; B, stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematothecae; C, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; D–F, hydrothecae (in D arrows pointing to operculum and internal cusp); G, hydrothecal diaphragm and keel (arrow); H, nematothecae from accessory tubes. (All photographs from the holotype). Scale bar: 200 µm (A–C), 100 µm (D–F, H), 50 µm (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401721/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">5C</figureCitation>
), resting on short apophyses (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D43050D1FEACFABB4500" box="[1210,1304,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,187,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-30@4.[211,1375,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, hydrocladial apophysis and axillary hydrotheca; B, hydrocladial hydrotheca. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematotheca; D, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; E, gonotheca. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: F, stem fragment showing hydrocladial origin, axillary hydrothecae and nematothecae; G, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; H, gonotheca. (All drawings from holotypes). Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401717/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Figs 3G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D430514FFEADFAEB4500" box="[1316,1352,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[246,1341,182,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[246,1341,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: A, stem fragment showing hydrothecae and nematothecae; B, stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematothecae; C, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; D–F, hydrothecae (in D arrows pointing to operculum and internal cusp); G, hydrothecal diaphragm and keel (arrow); H, nematothecae from accessory tubes. (All photographs from the holotype). Scale bar: 200 µm (A–C), 100 µm (D–F, H), 50 µm (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401721/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">5C</figureCitation>
). Separation between apophysis and hydrothecal pedicel usually marked only by a strong constriction of perisarc (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D4305101FE88FF0045C8" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,187,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-30@4.[211,1375,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, hydrocladial apophysis and axillary hydrotheca; B, hydrocladial hydrotheca. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematotheca; D, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; E, gonotheca. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: F, stem fragment showing hydrocladial origin, axillary hydrothecae and nematothecae; G, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; H, gonotheca. (All drawings from holotypes). Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401717/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Figs 3</figureCitation>
F–G, 5A–D, F–G), very sharp on adcauline side (occasionally a node present).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFE5D43054ACFE50FD4A46A8" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">
Hydrotheca tubiform (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D43055AEFE50FDA845B4" box="[453,523,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,187,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-30@4.[211,1375,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, hydrocladial apophysis and axillary hydrotheca; B, hydrocladial hydrotheca. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematotheca; D, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; E, gonotheca. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: F, stem fragment showing hydrocladial origin, axillary hydrothecae and nematothecae; G, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; H, gonotheca. (All drawings from holotypes). Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401717/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Figs 3</figureCitation>
F–G, 5), curved, sigmoid, tapering at base. Hydrotheca bent outwards first, then inwards (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D4305495FE3CFEF94590" box="[254,346,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,187,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-30@4.[211,1375,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, hydrocladial apophysis and axillary hydrotheca; B, hydrocladial hydrotheca. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematotheca; D, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; E, gonotheca. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: F, stem fragment showing hydrocladial origin, axillary hydrothecae and nematothecae; G, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; H, gonotheca. (All drawings from holotypes). Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401717/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Figs 3G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D430550EFE3DFED14590" box="[357,370,474,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[246,1341,182,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[246,1341,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: A, stem fragment showing hydrothecae and nematothecae; B, stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematothecae; C, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; D–F, hydrothecae (in D arrows pointing to operculum and internal cusp); G, hydrothecal diaphragm and keel (arrow); H, nematothecae from accessory tubes. (All photographs from the holotype). Scale bar: 200 µm (A–C), 100 µm (D–F, H), 50 µm (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401721/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">5</figureCitation>
C–D). Adcauline wall convex at basal half and concave at distal half; conversely, abcauline wall convex at distal half and slightly concave at basal half. Aperture circular, rim even but flared, with up to five renovations. Diameter of hydrothecae roughly constant at distal half, but hydrotheca slightly swollen at basal half. Hydrothecal wall with faint transverse wrinkles. A marked internal adcauline cusp present (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D430505BFDA0FB2E4604" box="[1072,1165,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,187,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-30@4.[211,1375,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, hydrocladial apophysis and axillary hydrotheca; B, hydrocladial hydrotheca. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematotheca; D, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; E, gonotheca. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: F, stem fragment showing hydrocladial origin, axillary hydrothecae and nematothecae; G, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; H, gonotheca. (All drawings from holotypes). Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401717/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Figs 3G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D43050F2FDA1FB054604" box="[1177,1190,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[246,1341,182,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[246,1341,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: A, stem fragment showing hydrothecae and nematothecae; B, stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematothecae; C, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; D–F, hydrothecae (in D arrows pointing to operculum and internal cusp); G, hydrothecal diaphragm and keel (arrow); H, nematothecae from accessory tubes. (All photographs from the holotype). Scale bar: 200 µm (A–C), 100 µm (D–F, H), 50 µm (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401721/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">5</figureCitation>
C–D, F). Hydrothecal diaphragm marked by a strong, oblique ring of perisarc; diaphragm higher at abcauline side (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D43050F0FD8CFB5B46E0" box="[1179,1272,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,187,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-30@4.[211,1375,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, hydrocladial apophysis and axillary hydrotheca; B, hydrocladial hydrotheca. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematotheca; D, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; E, gonotheca. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: F, stem fragment showing hydrocladial origin, axillary hydrothecae and nematothecae; G, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; H, gonotheca. (All drawings from holotypes). Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401717/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Figs 3G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D4305168FD8DFA8B46E0" box="[1283,1320,618,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[246,1341,182,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[246,1341,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: A, stem fragment showing hydrothecae and nematothecae; B, stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematothecae; C, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; D–F, hydrothecae (in D arrows pointing to operculum and internal cusp); G, hydrothecal diaphragm and keel (arrow); H, nematothecae from accessory tubes. (All photographs from the holotype). Scale bar: 200 µm (A–C), 100 µm (D–F, H), 50 µm (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401721/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">5D</figureCitation>
, F–G). An internal vertical keel present on abcauline hydrothecal wall above diaphragm (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D4305795FD68FBF846CC" box="[1022,1115,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,187,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-30@4.[211,1375,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, hydrocladial apophysis and axillary hydrotheca; B, hydrocladial hydrotheca. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematotheca; D, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; E, gonotheca. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: F, stem fragment showing hydrocladial origin, axillary hydrothecae and nematothecae; G, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; H, gonotheca. (All drawings from holotypes). Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401717/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Figs 3G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D430500DFD69FBD046CC" box="[1126,1139,654,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[246,1341,182,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[246,1341,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: A, stem fragment showing hydrothecae and nematothecae; B, stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematothecae; C, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; D–F, hydrothecae (in D arrows pointing to operculum and internal cusp); G, hydrothecal diaphragm and keel (arrow); H, nematothecae from accessory tubes. (All photographs from the holotype). Scale bar: 200 µm (A–C), 100 µm (D–F, H), 50 µm (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401721/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">5</figureCitation>
C–D, F–G). A dish-shaped operculum present in some hydrothecae (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D430560EFD54FD7F46A8" box="[613,732,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,187,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-30@4.[211,1375,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, hydrocladial apophysis and axillary hydrotheca; B, hydrocladial hydrotheca. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematotheca; D, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; E, gonotheca. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: F, stem fragment showing hydrocladial origin, axillary hydrothecae and nematothecae; G, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; H, gonotheca. (All drawings from holotypes). Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401717/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 3D, F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFE5D43054ACFD30FAD54738" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">
Two nematothecae resting on hydrothecal and hydrocladial apophyses, one on each side (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D43050A3FD30FA874694" box="[1224,1316,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,187,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-30@4.[211,1375,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, hydrocladial apophysis and axillary hydrotheca; B, hydrocladial hydrotheca. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematotheca; D, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; E, gonotheca. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: F, stem fragment showing hydrocladial origin, axillary hydrothecae and nematothecae; G, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; H, gonotheca. (All drawings from holotypes). Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401717/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
). Nematothecae on hydrocladial apophyses beyond first hydrothecal apophysis, which is provided with nematothecae (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D4305104FD1CFF16475C" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,187,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-30@4.[211,1375,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, hydrocladial apophysis and axillary hydrotheca; B, hydrocladial hydrotheca. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematotheca; D, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; E, gonotheca. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: F, stem fragment showing hydrocladial origin, axillary hydrothecae and nematothecae; G, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; H, gonotheca. (All drawings from holotypes). Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401717/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D43054AAFCF9FF46475C" box="[193,229,798,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[246,1341,182,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[246,1341,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: A, stem fragment showing hydrothecae and nematothecae; B, stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematothecae; C, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; D–F, hydrothecae (in D arrows pointing to operculum and internal cusp); G, hydrothecal diaphragm and keel (arrow); H, nematothecae from accessory tubes. (All photographs from the holotype). Scale bar: 200 µm (A–C), 100 µm (D–F, H), 50 µm (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401721/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">5B</figureCitation>
). Striking abundance of nematothecae on accessory tubes (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D4305715FCF8FC63475C" box="[894,960,798,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[246,1341,182,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[246,1341,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: A, stem fragment showing hydrothecae and nematothecae; B, stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematothecae; C, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; D–F, hydrothecae (in D arrows pointing to operculum and internal cusp); G, hydrothecal diaphragm and keel (arrow); H, nematothecae from accessory tubes. (All photographs from the holotype). Scale bar: 200 µm (A–C), 100 µm (D–F, H), 50 µm (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401721/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A–B, H), longer and thinner than those on hydrothecal apophyses. Nematothecae elongate, frequently with extra segments (up to five observed) (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D4305178FCA4FACA4738" box="[1299,1385,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,187,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-30@4.[211,1375,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, hydrocladial apophysis and axillary hydrotheca; B, hydrocladial hydrotheca. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematotheca; D, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; E, gonotheca. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: F, stem fragment showing hydrocladial origin, axillary hydrothecae and nematothecae; G, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; H, gonotheca. (All drawings from holotypes). Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401717/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFE5D43054ACFC80FD0D47AC" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">
Coppinia rounded (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D43055CDFC80FDA247E4" box="[422,513,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[247,1339,184,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[247,1339,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, Colony shape, branching and coppiniae (arrows); B, detail of coppinia. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: D, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax medeae sp. nov.: E, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: F, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax pseudoabietinella sp. nov.: G, colony shape, branching and coppinia (circle); H, detail of coppinia. (All material from holotypes). Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401713/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
), with an envelope of forked tubes (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D43057C1FC80FBA747E4" box="[938,1028,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[247,1339,184,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[247,1339,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, Colony shape, branching and coppiniae (arrows); B, detail of coppinia. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: D, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax medeae sp. nov.: E, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: F, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax pseudoabietinella sp. nov.: G, colony shape, branching and coppinia (circle); H, detail of coppinia. (All material from holotypes). Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401713/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
) covering independent gonothecae. Gonotheca with inverted pear-shaped outline, with a narrow basal part and a much wider distal one, which form two very short arms with a distal aperture (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE5D430562CFC48FD0247AC" box="[583,673,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,187,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-30@4.[211,1375,181,1843]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, hydrocladial apophysis and axillary hydrotheca; B, hydrocladial hydrotheca. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, hydrocladial apophysis, axillary hydrotheca and nematotheca; D, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; E, gonotheca. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: F, stem fragment showing hydrocladial origin, axillary hydrothecae and nematothecae; G, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; H, gonotheca. (All drawings from holotypes). Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401717/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFE5D43054ACFC34FE414018" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">
Measurements (in µm).
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE5D43055B5FC34FDCD4788" box="[478,622,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Hydrothecae</emphasis>
: length of abcauline wall 430–460, length of adcauline wall 380–390, diameter at aperture 75–80, diameter at diaphragm 50–60, length of pedicel 80–100.
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE5D430503EFC10FA364074" box="[1109,1429,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Nematothecae on apophyses</emphasis>
: height 90–100, diameter at aperture 15, maximum diameter 25–30.
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE5D43057E6FBFCFAAB4050" box="[909,1288,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Nematothecae on accessory tubes</emphasis>
: height 170– 250, diameter at aperture 8–15, maximum diameter 20.
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE5D430576CFBD8FC2D403C" box="[775,910,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Gonothecae</emphasis>
: height 500–550, diameter at aperture 80–100, maximum diameter 400–500.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="918EE5DDFFE5D43054ACFB60FC82408C" pageId="8" pageNumber="397" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFE5D43054ACFB60FC82408C" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE5D43054ACFB60FE9840C4" bold="true" box="[199,315,1159,1185]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1E94CDD5FFE5D4305528FB60FD8240C4" authority="Peña Cantero, 2020" authorityName="Peña Cantero" authorityYear="2020" box="[323,545,1159,1185]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="397" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="laertesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE5D4305528FB60FD8240C4" box="[323,545,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Zygophylax laertesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE5D4305642FB60FD2740C4" bold="true" box="[553,644,1159,1185]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0D3D73FFFE5D4305642FB60FD2740C4" box="[553,644,1159,1185]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is easily recognizable amongst the known species of the genus by the shape of the hydrotheca, the internal adcauline cusp and the abcauline vertical keel above the diaphragm.
<taxonomicName id="1E94CDD5FFE5D4305159FB4CFEB7408C" authority="Peña Cantero, 2020" authorityName="Peña Cantero" authorityYear="2020" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="397" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="laertesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE5D4305159FB4CFEB7408C" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Zygophylax laertesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE5D4305570FB28FED6408C" bold="true" box="[283,373,1231,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0D3D73FFFE5D4305570FB28FED6408C" box="[283,373,1231,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
resembles no other described species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="918EE5DDFFE5D43054ACFB14FB304168" box="[199,1171,1267,1293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFE5D43054ACFB14FB304168" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,1293]" box="[199,1171,1267,1293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE5D43054ACFB14FEED4168" bold="true" box="[199,334,1267,1293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name
<taxonomicName id="1E94CDD5FFE5D4305643FB14FDDF4168" authorityName="Peña Cantero" authorityYear="2020" box="[552,636,1267,1293]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="397" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="laertesi">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE5D4305643FB14FDDF4168" box="[552,636,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">laertesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a dedication to my son Laertes Peña Sancho.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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