265 lines
34 KiB
XML
265 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="70D858E38879BC2EFB072F36EFD11835" ID-CLB-Dataset="51578" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4092.3.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="51bd1d62-54c2-47d6-8be3-60c990fa0a13" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="270935" ID-ZooBank="2B6BCA53-CFE9-4FF6-9AED-F6F4474DCF4A" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1458217975092" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chen, Xiaolin, Zhang, Lijie & Zhao, Mingshui" docDate="2016" docId="0479466DFFB8535ED1A042FADB79FE74" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4092.3.5.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4092 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Acidiostigma bimaculatum Wang 1996" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="406" masterDocId="F8403E15FFBA535BD1374667DA1EFFDB" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Acidiostigma Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae: Trypetinae) and an updated key to species from the eastern Palaearctic and Oriental Regions" masterLastPageNumber="413" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="403" updateTime="1698187644184" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="74FCFA7AD0A7A0F8929AE8732CC865D6">Three new species of Acidiostigma Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae: Trypetinae) and an updated key to species from the eastern Palaearctic and Oriental Regions</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="99C01F610142B42B226D1C0B43B5B3BC" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="41F5D265436991642EBF9644E4763B67">Chen, Xiaolin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6C9B88CFEA99CD669B3A102DE31E6AF0">Zhang, Lijie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8CD30224BF98CD7B1067B3311FF9515E">Zhao, Mingshui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EC8EEF33DABC421AA20D0CE54CF4A784">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CC56681DE8A2F39F5017FD26CAED7CAD">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="40E5F94462FFDB17301A76AAD7001D9E">4092</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="9D3C833588E3D1842540850E59C683BC" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4092.3.5</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0479466DFFB8535ED1A042FADB79FE74" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6085521" ID-GBIF-Taxon="117914275" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6085521" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0479466DFFB8535ED1A042FADB79FE74" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0479466DFFB8535ED1A042FADB79FE74" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="406" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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<subSubSection id="C4CAA4F0FFB85359D1A042FAD857FAC5" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8C6FF77BFFB85359D1A042FAD862FB63" blockId="2.[151,636,1181,1241]" box="[151,636,1181,1208]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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<heading id="D7274017FFB85359D1A042FAD862FB63" bold="true" box="[151,636,1181,1208]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="BEA42B69FFB85359D1A042FAD862FB63" bold="true" box="[151,636,1181,1208]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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<taxonomicName id="4BD08CF8FFB85359D1A042FAD866FB63" ID-CoL="64JBQ" authority="Wang, 1996" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,632,1181,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Acidiostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculatum">
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<emphasis id="BEA42B69FFB85359D1A042FADBC2FB6C" bold="true" box="[151,476,1181,1207]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Acidiostigma bimaculatum</emphasis>
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Wang, 1996
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8C6FF77BFFB85359D1A042A7DB07FB02" blockId="2.[151,636,1181,1241]" box="[151,281,1216,1241]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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(
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<figureCitation id="14EBEBFEFFB85359D1A842A7DB0EFB02" box="[159,272,1216,1241]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStart-1="FIGURES 11 – 14" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1946,1969]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,264,1295,1318]" captionTargetBox-0="[210,1385,242,1866]" captionTargetBox-1="[183,1411,219,1294]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1957]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1300]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 10 Acidiostigma bimaculatum 1. Habitus (male), lateral view; 2. Head (male), anterior view; 3. Wing (male); 4. Scutum (male), dorsal view; 5. Abdomen (male), dorsal view; 6. Aculeus (female), dorsal view; 7. Eversible membrane, dorsal view; 8. Tip of aculeus, dorsal view; 9. Epandrial complex, posterior view; 10. Epandrial complex, lateral view" captionText-1="FIGURES 11 – 14 Acidiostigma bimaculatum 11. Habitus, feeding on leaf of Euonymus hamiltonianus; 12. Habitus, feeding on flower of E. hamiltonianus; 13. Habitus (2 males), fighting with each other on the leaves of E. hamiltonianus; 14. Habitus (female, suspected to be laying eggs)" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/270936/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/270937/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 1–14</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8C6FF77BFFB85359D1A0436FD857FAC5" blockId="2.[151,585,1288,1310]" box="[151,585,1288,1310]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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<taxonomicName id="4BD08CF8FFB85359D1A0436FD85BFAC5" authority="Wang, 1996:137" authorityName="Wang" authorityPageNumber="137" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,581,1288,1310]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Acidiostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculata">
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<emphasis id="BEA42B69FFB85359D1A0436FDB8BFAC5" box="[151,405,1288,1310]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Acidiostigma bimaculata</emphasis>
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Wang, 1996:137
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C4CAA4F0FFB85359D1A0432CD8C9F899" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8C6FF77BFFB85359D1A0432CDE20FA50" blockId="2.[151,1437,1355,2003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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<emphasis id="BEA42B69FFB85359D1A0432CDB14FABF" bold="true" box="[151,266,1355,1380]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Closely resembling
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<taxonomicName id="4BD08CF8FFB85359D0CD432CD8D7FAB8" authority="Munro" authorityName="Munro" box="[506,713,1355,1379]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Acidiostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucens">
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<emphasis id="BEA42B69FFB85359D0CD432CD87CFAB8" box="[506,610,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">A. lucens</emphasis>
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(Munro)
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F4C7B7EBFFB85359D238432CD955FABF" box="[783,843,1355,1380]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">India</collectingCountry>
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, but differs by cell br entirely brown; cell r4+5 with 2 smaller hyaline spots; cell sc subequal to cell c and the basal half of cell dm brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8C6FF77BFFB85359D1F043F2DEA9F8C4" blockId="2.[151,1437,1355,2003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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<emphasis id="BEA42B69FFB85359D1F043F2DB1AFA75" bold="true" box="[199,260,1429,1454]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Male</emphasis>
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(described for the first time). Head (
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<figureCitation id="14EBEBFEFFB85359D39643F2D8FEFA75" box="[673,736,1429,1454]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[210,1385,242,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1957]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10 Acidiostigma bimaculatum 1. Habitus (male), lateral view; 2. Head (male), anterior view; 3. Wing (male); 4. Scutum (male), dorsal view; 5. Abdomen (male), dorsal view; 6. Aculeus (female), dorsal view; 7. Eversible membrane, dorsal view; 8. Tip of aculeus, dorsal view; 9. Epandrial complex, posterior view; 10. Epandrial complex, lateral view" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270936/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig 2</figureCitation>
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). Predominantly yellow to yellow-brown, face usually darker; 3 pairs of frontal and 2 pairs of orbital setae; ocellars moderately developed, slightly longer than posterior orbitals. The 1st flagellomere rounded at apex; arista pubescent. Thorax (
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<figureCitation id="14EBEBFEFFB85359D26A4387D9DDFA22" box="[861,963,1504,1529]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[210,1385,242,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1957]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10 Acidiostigma bimaculatum 1. Habitus (male), lateral view; 2. Head (male), anterior view; 3. Wing (male); 4. Scutum (male), dorsal view; 5. Abdomen (male), dorsal view; 6. Aculeus (female), dorsal view; 7. Eversible membrane, dorsal view; 8. Tip of aculeus, dorsal view; 9. Epandrial complex, posterior view; 10. Epandrial complex, lateral view" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270936/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 1, 4</figureCitation>
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). Reddish yellow in ground colour, with 4 broad longitudinal black vittae on scutum, a narrow ivory-yellow stripe extending from postpronotal lobe along upper margin of anepisternum to wing base; mediotergite completely shiny black. Body setae black, dorsocentral setae situated behind line of postsutural supra-alars. Legs (
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<figureCitation id="14EBEBFEFFB85359D270402BD998F9BE" box="[839,902,1612,1637]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[210,1385,242,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1957]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10 Acidiostigma bimaculatum 1. Habitus (male), lateral view; 2. Head (male), anterior view; 3. Wing (male); 4. Scutum (male), dorsal view; 5. Abdomen (male), dorsal view; 6. Aculeus (female), dorsal view; 7. Eversible membrane, dorsal view; 8. Tip of aculeus, dorsal view; 9. Epandrial complex, posterior view; 10. Epandrial complex, lateral view" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270936/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig 1</figureCitation>
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). Entirely yellow, fore femora each with 4–6 posteroventral setae; mid tibia with 1 strong apical spur. Wings (
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<figureCitation id="14EBEBFEFFB85359D2564017D9DBF952" box="[865,965,1648,1673]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[210,1385,242,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1957]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10 Acidiostigma bimaculatum 1. Habitus (male), lateral view; 2. Head (male), anterior view; 3. Wing (male); 4. Scutum (male), dorsal view; 5. Abdomen (male), dorsal view; 6. Aculeus (female), dorsal view; 7. Eversible membrane, dorsal view; 8. Tip of aculeus, dorsal view; 9. Epandrial complex, posterior view; 10. Epandrial complex, lateral view" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270936/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 1, 3</figureCitation>
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). The pattern is typical
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<taxonomicName id="4BD08CF8FFB85359D5FC4016DF34F952" box="[1227,1322,1649,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Hemilea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="BEA42B69FFB85359D5FC4016DF34F952" box="[1227,1322,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Hemilea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-like, with anterior 1/2 brown and posterior portion hyaline; cells bc and c almost entirely brown; cell r1 with 2 prominent hyaline spots; cell sc entirely brown, subequal in length to cell c; lobe of cell bcu short; vein R4+5 setose to crossvein R-M, the latter situated well beyond the middle of cell dm. Abdomen (
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<figureCitation id="14EBEBFEFFB85359D2F94085DE11F920" box="[974,1039,1762,1787]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[210,1385,242,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1957]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10 Acidiostigma bimaculatum 1. Habitus (male), lateral view; 2. Head (male), anterior view; 3. Wing (male); 4. Scutum (male), dorsal view; 5. Abdomen (male), dorsal view; 6. Aculeus (female), dorsal view; 7. Eversible membrane, dorsal view; 8. Tip of aculeus, dorsal view; 9. Epandrial complex, posterior view; 10. Epandrial complex, lateral view" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270936/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig 5</figureCitation>
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). Almost entirely black except for tergite 1 yellow-brown and a small medial yellow-brown spot on posterior margin of tergite 5.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8C6FF77BFFB85359D1F0414DD8C9F899" blockId="2.[151,1437,1355,2003]" box="[199,727,1834,1859]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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Length. Body,
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<quantity id="4B285A9EFFB85359D05A414DDBE9F899" box="[365,503,1834,1859]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.65" metricValueMax="7.1" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" unit="mm" value="6.65" valueMax="7.1" valueMin="6.2">6.2–7.1 mm</quantity>
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; wing, 7.0–
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<quantity id="4B285A9EFFB85359D34D414CD8CCF899" box="[634,722,1835,1859]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" unit="mm" value="8.2">8.2 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C4CAA4F0FFB85359D1F04129DF63F808" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8C6FF77BFFB85359D1F04129DF63F808" blockId="2.[151,1437,1355,2003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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<emphasis id="BEA42B69FFB85359D1F04129DB00F8BC" bold="true" box="[199,286,1870,1895]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Female</emphasis>
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(supplement to the species description of Wang, 1996). Oviscape shiny and brownish black, flattened, much longer than tergite 6 and slightly longer than tergite 5, without any outstanding marginal setae (
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<figureCitation id="14EBEBFEFFB85359D47B4115DF90F850" box="[1356,1422,1906,1931]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[210,1385,242,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1957]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10 Acidiostigma bimaculatum 1. Habitus (male), lateral view; 2. Head (male), anterior view; 3. Wing (male); 4. Scutum (male), dorsal view; 5. Abdomen (male), dorsal view; 6. Aculeus (female), dorsal view; 7. Eversible membrane, dorsal view; 8. Tip of aculeus, dorsal view; 9. Epandrial complex, posterior view; 10. Epandrial complex, lateral view" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270936/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig 6</figureCitation>
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). Eversible membrane with taeniae about half as long as membrane, medially with strong triangular teeth, posteriorly with smaller triangular teeth (
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<figureCitation id="14EBEBFEFFB85359D0D541DDD83EF808" box="[482,544,1978,2003]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[210,1385,242,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1957]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10 Acidiostigma bimaculatum 1. Habitus (male), lateral view; 2. Head (male), anterior view; 3. Wing (male); 4. Scutum (male), dorsal view; 5. Abdomen (male), dorsal view; 6. Aculeus (female), dorsal view; 7. Eversible membrane, dorsal view; 8. Tip of aculeus, dorsal view; 9. Epandrial complex, posterior view; 10. Epandrial complex, lateral view" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270936/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig 7</figureCitation>
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). Aculeus broad and apically tapered to a point and serrated on sides (
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<figureCitation id="14EBEBFEFFB85359D40641DDDF70F808" box="[1329,1390,1978,2003]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[210,1385,242,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1957]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10 Acidiostigma bimaculatum 1. Habitus (male), lateral view; 2. Head (male), anterior view; 3. Wing (male); 4. Scutum (male), dorsal view; 5. Abdomen (male), dorsal view; 6. Aculeus (female), dorsal view; 7. Eversible membrane, dorsal view; 8. Tip of aculeus, dorsal view; 9. Epandrial complex, posterior view; 10. Epandrial complex, lateral view" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270936/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig 8</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="D8AFA7F3FFB95358D1A041FDDEE2F835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270936/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" targetBox="[210,1385,242,1866]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8C6FF77BFFB95358D1A041FDDEE2F835" blockId="3.[151,1436,1946,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
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<emphasis id="BEA42B69FFB95358D1A041FDDB05F86B" bold="true" box="[151,283,1946,1969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">FIGURES 1</emphasis>
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–
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<emphasis id="BEA42B69FFB95358D01041FCD87EF86A" bold="true" box="[295,608,1947,1969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
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10
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BD08CF8FFB95358D07041FCD87EF86A" box="[327,608,1947,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Acidiostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEA42B69FFB95358D07041FCD87EF86A" bold="true" box="[327,608,1947,1969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Acidiostigma bimaculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
1. Habitus (male), lateral view; 2. Head (male), anterior view; 3. Wing (male); 4. Scutum (male), dorsal view; 5. Abdomen (male), dorsal view; 6. Aculeus (female), dorsal view; 7. Eversible membrane, dorsal view; 8. Tip of aculeus, dorsal view; 9. Epandrial complex, posterior view; 10. Epandrial complex, lateral view
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="D8AFA7F3FFBE535FD1A04368D810FAB8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270937/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" targetBox="[183,1411,219,1294]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C6FF77BFFBE535FD1A04368D810FAB8" blockId="4.[151,1436,1295,1379]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEA42B69FFBE535FD1A04368DB39FAFF" bold="true" box="[151,295,1295,1318]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">FIGURES 11</emphasis>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis id="BEA42B69FFBE535FD0034368D871FAFE" bold="true" box="[308,623,1295,1317]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
14
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BD08CF8FFBE535FD0624368D871FAFE" box="[341,623,1295,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Acidiostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEA42B69FFBE535FD0624368D871FAFE" bold="true" box="[341,623,1295,1317]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Acidiostigma bimaculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
11. Habitus, feeding on leaf of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BD08CF8FFBE535FD28D4376DEA3FAFE" box="[954,1213,1295,1318]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Euonymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hamiltonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEA42B69FFBE535FD28D4376DEA3FAFE" box="[954,1213,1295,1318]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Euonymus hamiltonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 12. Habitus, feeding on flower of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BD08CF8FFBE535FD02A4348DBD5FA9F" box="[285,459,1326,1348]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Euonymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hamiltonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEA42B69FFBE535FD02A4348DBD5FA9F" box="[285,459,1326,1348]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">E. hamiltonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 13. Habitus (2 males), fighting with each other on the leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BD08CF8FFBE535FD55D4348DF06FA9F" box="[1130,1304,1326,1348]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Euonymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hamiltonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEA42B69FFBE535FD55D4348DF06FA9F" box="[1130,1304,1326,1348]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">E. hamiltonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 14. Habitus (female, suspected to be laying eggs)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C4CAA4F0FFBE535FD1F043E8D889FA73" box="[199,663,1423,1448]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C6FF77BFFBE535FD1F043E8D889FA73" blockId="4.[151,1437,1423,2026]" box="[199,663,1423,1448]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEA42B69FFBE535FD1F043E8DB7EFA73" bold="true" box="[199,352,1423,1448]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F4C7B7EBFFBE535FD05043E8DBB4FA73" box="[359,426,1423,1448]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Sichuan, Zhejiang).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C4CAA4F0FFBE535FD1F043D3D91BF95B" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C6FF77BFFBE535FD1F043D3D91BF95B" blockId="4.[151,1437,1423,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEA42B69FFBE535FD1F043D3DBA1FA16" bold="true" box="[199,447,1460,1485]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Specimens examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="536B49D9FFBE535FD0FA43D3D82BFA16" box="[461,565,1460,1485]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F4C7B7EBFFBE535FD3A043D3D8EAFA17" box="[663,756,1460,1484]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Sichuan: Mt. Emei (29. 5 N, 103. 3 E),
|
||
<date id="F86ED1BBFFBE535FD58C43D3DF86FA17" box="[1211,1432,1460,1485]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" value="1943-09-13">13 September 1943</date>
|
||
. Other material:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9AD63CF2FFBE535FD06143BFDB65FA2B" box="[342,379,1496,1520]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="generic">8♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F4C7B7EBFFBE535FD0BA43BFDBF4FA2B" box="[397,490,1496,1520]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Zhejiang, Tianmushan, Xianrending,
|
||
<quantity id="4B285A9EFFBE535FD28443B0DE1DFA2B" box="[947,1027,1495,1520]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="F86ED1BBFFBE535FD52243BFDEFBFA2B" box="[1045,1253,1496,1520]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" value="2014-06-10" valueMax="2014-06-28" valueMin="2014-06-10">10–28 June 2014</date>
|
||
, Y. Wang;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9AD63CF2FFBE535FD44543BFDF88FA2B" box="[1394,1430,1496,1520]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F4C7B7EBFFBE535FD1A0439BDAEAF9CF" box="[151,244,1532,1556]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Zhejiang, Tianmushan, Xianrending,
|
||
<quantity id="4B285A9EFFBE535FD3F6439BD90CF9CE" box="[705,786,1532,1557]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="F86ED1BBFFBE535FD212439BD9F5F9CF" box="[805,1003,1532,1556]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" value="2014-08-28">28 August 2014</date>
|
||
, Y. Wang; 11♀,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F4C7B7EBFFBE535FD5F5439BDF01F9CF" box="[1218,1311,1532,1556]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Zhejiang, Tianmushan, Xianrending,
|
||
<quantity id="4B285A9EFFBE535FD0E94078D830F9E3" box="[478,558,1567,1592]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="F86ED1BBFFBE535FD3724078D925F9E3" box="[581,827,1567,1592]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" value="2014-08-26" valueMax="2014-08-28" valueMin="2014-08-26">26–28 August 2014</date>
|
||
, Y. Wang; 11♀,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F4C7B7EBFFBE535FD52A4047DE64F9E3" box="[1053,1146,1568,1592]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Zhejiang, Tianmushan, Xianrending,
|
||
<quantity id="4B285A9EFFBE535FD0034023DB9AF986" box="[308,388,1604,1629]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="F86ED1BBFFBE535FD0A54023D800F987" box="[402,542,1604,1629]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" value="2014-07-09">9 July 2014</date>
|
||
, Y. Wang; 10♀,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F4C7B7EBFFBE535FD3D64023D920F987" box="[737,830,1604,1628]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Zhejiang, Tianmushan, Xianrending,
|
||
<quantity id="4B285A9EFFBE535FD5CF4023DF56F986" box="[1272,1352,1604,1629]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="F86ED1BBFFBE535FD4614023DB12F95B" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" value="2014-06-10" valueMax="2014-06-28" valueMin="2014-06-10">10–28 June 2014</date>
|
||
, Y. Wang. All materials deposited in IZCAS.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C4CAA4F0FFBE535FD1F040EBDE03F831" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C6FF77BFFBE535FD1F040EBDE03F831" blockId="4.[151,1437,1423,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEA42B69FFBE535FD1F040EBDB39F97E" bold="true" box="[199,295,1676,1701]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults appear from late May to early September in Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang Province. They usually rest on the upper or undersides of leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BD08CF8FFBE535FD22340D6DF39F913" authority="Wall" authorityName="Wall" box="[788,1319,1711,1736]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Euonymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hamiltonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEA42B69FFBE535FD22340D6DE2BF913" box="[788,1077,1712,1736]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Euonymus hamiltonianus</emphasis>
|
||
Wall (Celastraceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is distributed mainly in south
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F4C7B7EBFFBE535FD0F940B3D80FF936" box="[462,529,1748,1773]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F4C7B7EBFFBE535FD37E40B3D89BF936" box="[585,645,1748,1773]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and is one kind of common plants in Tianmu Mountain. The average temperature in their resting site usually is 19–22°C, and average humidity about 62–67%. Adults were observed to rest on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BD08CF8FFBE535FD1DC4179DBB5F8EE" box="[235,427,1821,1845]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Euonymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hamiltonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEA42B69FFBE535FD1DC4179DBB5F8EE" box="[235,427,1821,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">E. hamiltonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sometimes with more than 30 individuals in one tree, in the summers of
|
||
<date id="F86ED1BBFFBE535FD5DA4179DF87F8ED" box="[1261,1433,1821,1846]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" value="2014" valueMax="2015">2014 and 2015</date>
|
||
. They were also often found to feed on leaf liquids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="14EBEBFEFFBE535FD3CB4126D955F882" box="[764,843,1857,1882]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1295,1318]" captionTargetBox="[183,1411,219,1294]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1300]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 14 Acidiostigma bimaculatum 11. Habitus, feeding on leaf of Euonymus hamiltonianus; 12. Habitus, feeding on flower of E. hamiltonianus; 13. Habitus (2 males), fighting with each other on the leaves of E. hamiltonianus; 14. Habitus (female, suspected to be laying eggs)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270937/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig 11</figureCitation>
|
||
), flower honey (
|
||
<figureCitation id="14EBEBFEFFBE535FD5384126DE43F882" box="[1039,1117,1857,1882]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1295,1318]" captionTargetBox="[183,1411,219,1294]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1300]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 14 Acidiostigma bimaculatum 11. Habitus, feeding on leaf of Euonymus hamiltonianus; 12. Habitus, feeding on flower of E. hamiltonianus; 13. Habitus (2 males), fighting with each other on the leaves of E. hamiltonianus; 14. Habitus (female, suspected to be laying eggs)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270937/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig 12</figureCitation>
|
||
) or decaying protein on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BD08CF8FFBE535FD4B34125DB29F8A6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Euonymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hamiltonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEA42B69FFBE535FD4B34125DB29F8A6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">E. hamiltonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Males frequently fought with each other when meeting on the same leaf (
|
||
<figureCitation id="14EBEBFEFFBE535FD5434102DEDEF8A5" box="[1140,1216,1893,1918]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1295,1318]" captionTargetBox="[183,1411,219,1294]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1300]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 14 Acidiostigma bimaculatum 11. Habitus, feeding on leaf of Euonymus hamiltonianus; 12. Habitus, feeding on flower of E. hamiltonianus; 13. Habitus (2 males), fighting with each other on the leaves of E. hamiltonianus; 14. Habitus (female, suspected to be laying eggs)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270937/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). And the courtship interactions between males and females have been observed. Females were also found using their aculeus to pierce leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BD08CF8FFBE535FD03441C9DBDDF81E" box="[259,451,1965,1989]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Euonymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hamiltonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEA42B69FFBE535FD03441C9DBDDF81E" box="[259,451,1965,1989]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">E. hamiltonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="14EBEBFEFFBE535FD0E541CAD803F81D" box="[466,541,1965,1990]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1295,1318]" captionTargetBox="[183,1411,219,1294]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1300]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 14 Acidiostigma bimaculatum 11. Habitus, feeding on leaf of Euonymus hamiltonianus; 12. Habitus, feeding on flower of E. hamiltonianus; 13. Habitus (2 males), fighting with each other on the leaves of E. hamiltonianus; 14. Habitus (female, suspected to be laying eggs)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270937/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig 14</figureCitation>
|
||
) at high frequency (the motion is very like laying eggs); this behavior has been observed to last several seconds to one minute each time in the summer of 2015.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C4CAA4F0FFBF535ED1F046F0DB79FE74" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C6FF77BFFBF535ED1F046F0D80DFEC4" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEA42B69FFBF535ED1F046F0DB2AFF6B" bold="true" box="[199,308,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The specimens collected from Zhejiang have slight wing variation (smaller hyaline mark in cell r4+5) with that collected from Sichuan; however, no other distinct different found. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BD08CF8FFBF535ED52146D9DE86FF0C" box="[1046,1176,190,215]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tephritidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, trivial wing variations are often present in the same species. If no other variations appear, the specimens with slight wing variations are usually taken as the same species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C6FF77BFFBF535ED1F0474DDB79FE74" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">The male of this species is slightly differentiated from the female by mediotergite completely shiny black and abdomen almost entirely black except for a small medial yellow mark on posterior margin of tergite 5. The conspecific of males and females has been confirmed by definite courtship interactions observed in Tianmu Mountain in 2015.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |