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<mods:title id="9C021E5B93F924A684A07D6B98095120">The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Ecuador including the description of five new species, a new subtribe, four new synonymies, and fifteen new records</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AF5E7EDD546A2C348A1F03E10E977356">Sanborn, Allen F.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03DE878CFFEDFFC5FF3B757AD1BBF8FC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573719" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180323534" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4573719" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE878CFFEDFFC5FF3B757AD1BBF8FC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE878CFFEDFFC5FF3B757AD1BBF8FC" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B903EA88FFEDFFC5FF3B757AD0F7FA8A" bold="true" box="[151,231,1322,1348]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Genus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C774D19FFEDFFC5FF42757BD1C3FA8A" ID-CoL="8HPRF" ID-ENA="2218935" authority="Stal, 1864" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1864" box="[238,467,1321,1348]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Proarna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EA88FFEDFFC5FF42757BD140FA8A" box="[238,336,1323,1348]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Proarna</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6BFFEDFFC5FEF47579D1C3FA8A" author="Stal, C." box="[344,467,1321,1348]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="49 - 86" refId="ref75631" refString="Stal, C. (1864) Hemiptera mexicana enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit (continuatio). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung. Herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin, 25, 49 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 36493" type="journal article" year="1864">
<emphasis id="B903EA88FFEDFFC5FEF47579D1C3FA8A" bold="true" box="[344,467,1321,1348]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Stål, 1864</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD6108BFFEDFFC5FF3B7520D16CFA49" author="Stal, C." box="[151,380,1391,1415]" page="61" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1864">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D19FFEDFFC5FF3B7520D16CFA49" ID-CoL="8HPRF" authority="Stal, 1864" authorityName="Stal" authorityPageNumber="61" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,380,1391,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Proarna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EA88FFEDFFC5FF3B7520D0FCFA49" box="[151,236,1392,1415]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Proarna</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6BFFEDFFC5FF5E753FD16CFA49" author="Stal, C." box="[242,380,1391,1415]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="49 - 86" refId="ref75631" refString="Stal, C. (1864) Hemiptera mexicana enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit (continuatio). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung. Herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin, 25, 49 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 36493" type="journal article" year="1864">Stål 1864: 61</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<typeStatus id="54CC8838FFEDFFC5FF3B75DED0D6FA6A" box="[151,198,1422,1445]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">TYPE</typeStatus>
SPECIES.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD6108BFFEDFFC5FE9D75DED269FA68" author="Germar, E. F." box="[305,633,1422,1446]" page="69" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1834">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D19FFEDFFC5FE9D75DED269FA68" authority="Germar, 1834" authorityName="Germar" authorityPageNumber="69" authorityYear="1834" box="[305,633,1422,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hilaris">
<emphasis id="B903EA88FFEDFFC5FE9D75DED1D3FA68" box="[305,451,1422,1446]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Cicada hilaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6BFFEDFFC5FE6575DED269FA68" author="Germar, E. F." box="[457,633,1422,1446]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="49 - 82" refId="ref70012" refString="Germar, E. F. (1834) Observations sur plusieurs especes du genre Cicada, Latr. Revue Entomologique Publiee par Gustav Silbermann, 2, 49 - 82." type="journal article" year="1834">Germar 1834: 69</bibRefCitation>
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. (
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFEDFFC5FD2675DED2FCFA68" box="[650,748,1422,1446]" name="Australia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Australia</collectingCountry>
?)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C36D6511FFEDFFC5FF3B7585D3AFF995" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC8369AFFEDFFC5FF3B7585D3AFF995" blockId="21.[151,1436,1492,1842]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
REMARKS.—The species of
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<emphasis id="B903EA88FFEDFFC5FE687585D232FA20" box="[452,546,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Proarna</emphasis>
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can be identified by a head that is about as wide as the mesonotum with the eyes that scarcely project beyond the anterior pronotal angle, the fore wing radial crossvein is oriented vertically to the radius anterior 2 and radius posterior veins and the radiomedial crossvein is obliquely oriented, males possess large semicircular opercula, and the triangular or small, curved timbal covers.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D6511FFEDFFC5FF6B7635D1BBF8FC" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC8369AFFEDFFC5FF6B7635D1BBF8FC" blockId="21.[151,1436,1492,1842]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
DISTRIBUTION.—Species of the genus have been reported across the Neotropical region with records from
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFEDFFC5FAE17634D0D4F96C" name="Argentina" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFEDFFC5FF7D76D8D10BF96C" box="[209,283,1672,1698]" name="Belize" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Belize</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFEDFFC5FE8B76D8D16CF96C" box="[295,380,1672,1698]" name="Bolivia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFEDFFC5FE2576D8D1C0F96C" box="[393,464,1672,1698]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFEDFFC5FE7176D8D25EF96C" box="[477,590,1672,1698]" name="Colombia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFEDFFC5FDF776D8D2C9F96C" box="[603,729,1672,1698]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFEDFFC5FD4A76D8D334F96C" box="[742,804,1672,1698]" name="Cuba" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Cuba</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFEDFFC5FC9C76D8D3B1F96C" box="[816,929,1672,1698]" name="Dominica" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dominica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFEDFFC5FC0276D8D48BF96C" box="[942,1179,1672,1698]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFEDFFC5FB0B76D8D516F96C" box="[1191,1286,1672,1698]" name="Ecuador" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, French Guiana,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFEDFFC5FF6076FCD158F908" box="[204,328,1708,1734]" name="Guatemala" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFEDFFC5FEFE76FCD1BCF908" box="[338,428,1708,1734]" name="Guyana" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Guyana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFEDFFC5FE1B76FCD237F908" box="[439,551,1708,1734]" name="Honduras" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Honduras</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFEDFFC5FD9D76FCD29EF908" box="[561,654,1708,1734]" name="Jamaica" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFEDFFC5FD3576FCD2E1F908" box="[665,753,1708,1734]" name="Mexico" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFEDFFC5FD5076FCD362F908" box="[764,882,1708,1734]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFEDFFC5FCD176FDD3C9F909" box="[893,985,1709,1735]" name="Panama" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Panama</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFEDFFC5FC4F76FDD45CF909" box="[995,1100,1709,1735]" name="Paraguay" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFEDFFC5FBFB76FDD49DF909" box="[1111,1165,1709,1735]" name="Peru" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFEDFFC5FB3476FDD530F908" box="[1176,1312,1708,1735]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFEDFFC5FA8676FCD588F908" box="[1322,1432,1708,1734]" name="Suriname" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Suriname</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFEDFFC5FF3B7680D164F924" box="[151,372,1744,1770]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Trinidad &amp; Tobago</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFEDFFC5FE2D7681D1F4F925" box="[385,484,1745,1771]" name="Uruguay" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F360760AFFEDFFC5FE5D7680D277F924" box="[497,615,1744,1770]" name="Venezuela" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, and multiple islands in the West Indies (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6BFFEDFFC5FBED7680D4FBF924" author="Metcalf, Z. P." box="[1089,1259,1744,1770]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 585" refId="ref71633" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. (1963 a) General catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. Part 1. Cicadidae. Section I. Tibiceninae. North Carolina State College Contribution, 1502, i-vii + 1 - 585." type="journal article" year="1963">Metcalf 1963a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6BFFEDFFC5FB547680D12CF8C1" author="Duffels, J. P. &amp; van der Laan, P. A." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref69806" refString="Duffels, J. P. &amp; van der Laan, P. A. (1985) Catalogue of the Cicadoidea (Homoptera, Auchenorhyncha) 1956 - 1980. Series Entomologica 34. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrect, 414 pp." type="book" year="1985">Duffels &amp; van der Laan 1985</bibRefCitation>
; Sanborn 2011a; 2013; 2014a; 2018c; 2019b; 2020b, d, e;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6BFFEDFFC5FC6176A4D4DEF8C0" author="Sanborn, A. F. &amp; Maes, J. - M." box="[973,1230,1780,1807]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="437 - 442" refId="ref74898" refString="Sanborn, A. F. &amp; Maes, J. - M. (2012) Checklist of the cicadas (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Nicaragua including new records for seventeen species. Check List, 8, 437 - 442. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 8.3.437" type="journal article" year="2012">Sanborn &amp; Maes 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6BFFEDFFC5FB7576A5D588F8C0" author="Maes, J. - M. &amp; Moulds, M. &amp; Sanborn, A. F." box="[1241,1432,1780,1807]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref71321" refString="Maes, J. - M., Moulds, M. &amp; Sanborn, A. F. (2012) Cicadidae (Homoptera) de Nicaragua: catalogo ilustrado, incluyendo especies exoticas del Museo Entomologico de Leon. Revista Nicaraguense Entomologia, 72 (Suplemento 2), 1 - 138." type="journal article" year="2012">
Maes
<emphasis id="B903EA88FFEDFFC5FAB176A5D546F8C0" box="[1309,1366,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B6BFFEDFFC5FF3B7748D18FF8FC" author="Sanborn, A. F. &amp; Heath, M. S." box="[151,415,1816,1842]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref74381" refString="Sanborn, A. F. &amp; Heath, M. S. (2014) The cicadas of Argentina with new records, a new genus and fifteen new species (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae). Zootaxa, 3883 (1), 1 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3883.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Sanborn &amp; Heath 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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