466 lines
54 KiB
XML
466 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="0C595C915E052FD720F2EF6C525BA768" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.175692" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7a375809-34ae-4756-a9c6-fff3e920f54f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="175692" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459816511398" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hall, Jason P. W." docDate="2007" docId="03A7EE62FFA18055ADB83A332ADF1630" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01415p042.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1415" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Minotauros Hall" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="FF9E961AFFA58052AD2F387C2E741472" masterDocTitle="Two new genera in the Nymphidiina (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Nymphidiini)" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1698221440323" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="2F9D4D666619D8A94F6A9BF3158D36C0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E7E072F1E256DAA6752D913AA6C4B9DC">
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<mods:title id="E196154E9CF4D0F196A7B395C2830234">Two new genera in the Nymphidiina (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Nymphidiini)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="B908FBA365E8767194520B994AB99067" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B680F502F875FE7E62292B796BD9A8F3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8DEB56BB9534F5D9AC777833AE386ECA">Hall, Jason P. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1BC1A2021A8CBBE092ACA2CA853B17D4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="070D24E095905F113ADF594236144B9F">
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<mods:title id="A88991C307A2903DF6FEB3712BE3E0CB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="0BBD598B922DE8EA873BB5244A0CB2A2">
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<mods:date id="6B3FC826F80C4F80A1972B3CE0760B3F">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="35E168DA723C03FE24AEE50AC84CF305" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="068B322B9C3CFD24CB72C278F9DA3038">1415</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="FFAC21363F7EC338FAEEA840CDC7D878">35</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="DD8AC3CE5D985BB888E4AEECBB01CAF0">42</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="5D5047781A7DAEAFE775158841BB917F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A6225D23C7FDDBEC64E4AA36B0935806" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.175692</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="543EA6B4BC9D220555E45D522AD5D4CD" type="GBIF-Dataset">7a375809-34ae-4756-a9c6-fff3e920f54f</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9AE6B03EAFFCC9EEC07EE6D82FABAC51" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AFD2F03FC74C64B71A07BE70AAF4763D" type="Zenodo-Dep">175692</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A7EE62FFA18055ADB83A332ADF1630" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6249799" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119354823" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6249799" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A7EE62FFA18055ADB83A332ADF1630" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A7EE62FFA18055ADB83A332ADF1630" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
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<subSubSection id="C3140CFFFFA18056ADB83A332F1216FE" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB15F74FFA18056ADB83A332FB6161B" blockId="4.[151,450,591,652]" box="[151,450,591,617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
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<heading id="D0F9E818FFA18056ADB83A332FB6161B" bold="true" box="[151,450,591,617]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056ADB83A332FB6161B" bold="true" box="[151,450,591,617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056ADB83A332F16161B" authority="Hall" authorityName="Hall" box="[151,354,591,617]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056ADB83A332F50161B" bold="true" box="[151,292,591,617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Minotauros</emphasis>
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Hall
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</taxonomicName>
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, n. gen.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB15F74FFA18056ADB83A0E2F1216FE" blockId="4.[151,450,591,652]" box="[151,358,626,652]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="133543F1FFA18056ADB03A0E2E8616FE" box="[159,242,626,652]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="1.[151,257,1903,1924]" captionTargetBox="[178,1414,1017,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[160,1427,997,1881]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. Adults (dorsal surface on left, ventral surface on right). 1 A. Livendula huebneri male, nr. Cacaulândia, S. W. Brazil [Ro] (USNM). 1 B. Livendula huebneri female, nr. Cacaulândia, S. W. Brazil [Ro] (USNM). 2 A. Minotauros lampros male, Estación Científica Yasuní, E. Ecuador (JHKW). 2 B. Minotauros lampros female, Estación Científica Yasuní, E. Ecuador (JHKW)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175693/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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A,B; 4; 6)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3140CFFFFA18056ADB83ABE2CC716AE" box="[151,691,706,732]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB15F74FFA18056ADB83ABE2CC716AE" blockId="4.[151,1437,706,1935]" box="[151,691,706,732]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056ADB83ABE2F4616AE" bold="true" box="[151,306,706,732]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
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<typeStatus id="54B5E1D6FFA18056ADB83ABE2EA016AE" box="[151,212,706,732]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056AC6E3ABE2CDA16AE" authority="Bates, 1868" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1868" box="[321,686,706,732]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
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<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056AC6E3ABE2C6D16A9" box="[321,537,706,731]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Lemonias lampros</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F2285FFA18056AF0E3ABE2CDA16AE" author="Bates" box="[545,686,706,732]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" refString="Bates, H. W. (1868) A catalogue of Erycinidae, a family of diurnal Lepidoptera. Journal of the Linnean Society (London) (Zoology), 9, 373 - 459." type="journal article" year="1868">Bates, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3140CFFFFA18056ADE93A962BFC175E" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BB15F74FFA18056ADE93A962BFC175E" blockId="4.[151,1437,706,1935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056ADE93A962F391776" bold="true" box="[198,333,746,772]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Etymology</emphasis>
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: The name of this genus is based on the monster from ancient Greek mythology with the head of a bull and the body of a man, in reference to the dorsally bifurcate male genital uncus of the
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<typeStatus id="54B5E1D6FFA18056A9DD3B6E2B51175E" box="[1266,1317,786,812]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3140CFFFFA18057ADE93B462B0E11C0" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB15F74FFA18056ADE93B462CB611DD" blockId="4.[151,1437,706,1935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056ADE93B462F231726" bold="true" box="[198,343,826,852]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Description</emphasis>
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: MALE: Forewing length
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<quantity id="4CF6F291FFA18056AFBB3B462D611726" box="[660,789,826,852]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="11.0">11–14 mm</quantity>
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.
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<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056AE0E3B462DDD1721" box="[801,937,826,851]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Wing shape</emphasis>
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: Both wings slightly elongate; distal margin of forewing prominently convex, costal and anal margins slightly convex (anal margin of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056A83D3B1E2BE81709" box="[1298,1436,866,891]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
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<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056A83D3B1E2BE81709" box="[1298,1436,866,891]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. lampros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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curled in
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<figureCitation id="133543F1FFA18056AC293BF62F3917D6" box="[262,333,906,932]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="1.[151,257,1903,1924]" captionTargetBox="[178,1414,1017,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[160,1427,997,1881]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. Adults (dorsal surface on left, ventral surface on right). 1 A. Livendula huebneri male, nr. Cacaulândia, S. W. Brazil [Ro] (USNM). 1 B. Livendula huebneri female, nr. Cacaulândia, S. W. Brazil [Ro] (USNM). 2 A. Minotauros lampros male, Estación Científica Yasuní, E. Ecuador (JHKW). 2 B. Minotauros lampros female, Estación Científica Yasuní, E. Ecuador (JHKW)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175693/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A); hindwing rounded.
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<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056AF4F3BF62CB217D1" box="[608,710,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Venation</emphasis>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="F3191FE4FFA18056AFF83BF62C8C17D6" box="[727,760,906,932]" name="American Samoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">As</collectingCountry>
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in
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<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056AE313BF62DEE17D1" box="[798,922,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056AE313BF62DE317D1" box="[798,919,906,931]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Livendula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Livendula</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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four forewing radial veins.
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<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056A9CB3BF62BE717D1" box="[1252,1427,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Dorsal surface</emphasis>
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: Ground color of both wings brown overlaid with dark blue scaling on both wings in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056A9503BCE2B7117B9" box="[1151,1285,946,971]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
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<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056A9503BCE2B7117B9" box="[1151,1285,946,971]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. lampros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and rufousbrown scaling on forewing and costal half of hindwing and white scaling on anal half of hindwing in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056A86F3BA62FF8106E" authority="Stichel, 1910" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charessa">
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<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056A86F3BA62EA71069" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. charessa</emphasis>
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(Stichel, 1910)
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</taxonomicName>
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; three black spots in discal cell of both wings, two black spots at base of cell Cu2, jagged band of black postdiscal spots and smooth band of small black submarginal spots lined proximally with whitish scaling in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056AC143C2A2FBE101D" box="[315,458,1110,1135]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charessa">
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<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056AC143C2A2FBE101D" box="[315,458,1110,1135]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. charessa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, postdiscal and basal spots on hindwing barely visible, all dorsal black spots more prominent in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056AC1B3C022FB710E5" box="[308,451,1150,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charessa">
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<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056AC1B3C022FB710E5" box="[308,451,1150,1175]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. charessa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056ACFD3C022C2C10E5" box="[466,600,1150,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
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<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056ACFD3C022C2C10E5" box="[466,600,1150,1175]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. lampros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with a well-defined, raised, oval pad of dark yellow androconial scales in middle of hindwing costal margin, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056AFB53CDA2D5810CD" box="[666,812,1190,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charessa">
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<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056AFB53CDA2D5810CD" box="[666,812,1190,1215]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. charessa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with a more poorly defined patch of rufous-brown androconial scales in same position; forewing fringe brown, hindwing fringe brown in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056A9A23CB22B671095" box="[1165,1299,1230,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
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<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056A9A23CB22B671095" box="[1165,1299,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. lampros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and largely white in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056ADD03C8A2FFA117D" box="[255,398,1270,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charessa">
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<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056ADD03C8A2FFA117D" box="[255,398,1270,1295]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. charessa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056ACB23C8A2C24117D" box="[413,592,1270,1295]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Ventral surface</emphasis>
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: Differs from dorsal surface in following ways: Ground color pale yellowish brown in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056AC703D622F911145" box="[351,485,1310,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056AC703D622F911145" box="[351,485,1310,1335]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. lampros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
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, and a paler version of dorsal surface in
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056AEE73D622A231145" box="[968,1111,1310,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charessa">
|
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<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056AEE73D622A231145" box="[968,1111,1310,1335]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. charessa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056A9483D622A821145" box="[1127,1270,1310,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056A9483D622A821145" box="[1127,1270,1310,1335]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. charessa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a poorly defined patch of rufous-brown androconial scales at middle of forewing anal margin; dark spots surrounded by yellowish scaling in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056AC9E3D122C4C11F5" box="[433,568,1390,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056AC9E3D122C4C11F5" box="[433,568,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. lampros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
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and whitish scaling in
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056AE633D122DAF11F5" box="[844,987,1390,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056AE633D122DAF11F5" box="[844,987,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. charessa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
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, spots more prominent on both wings in
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056AD9A3DEA2F4F11DD" box="[181,315,1430,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056AD9A3DEA2F4F11DD" box="[181,315,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. lampros</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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and on hindwing in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056AF033DEA2CCF11DD" box="[556,699,1430,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056AF033DEA2CCF11DD" box="[556,699,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. charessa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB15F74FFA18056ADE93DC22AF11205" blockId="4.[151,1437,706,1935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056ADE93DC22F7211A5" box="[198,262,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: Labial palpal segments yellow at base and brown distally in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056AEC83DC22A1A11A5" box="[999,1134,1470,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056AEC83DC22A1A11A5" box="[999,1134,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. lampros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and pale brown dorsally and dark brown ventrally in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056ACCC3D9A2C05118D" box="[483,625,1510,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056ACCC3D9A2C05118D" box="[483,625,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. charessa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, second and third segments elongate; eyes brown and bare, with pale scaling at margins; frons brown with yellow scaling ventrally in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056AEB53E722A561255" box="[922,1058,1550,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056AEB53E722A561255" box="[922,1058,1550,1575]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. lampros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and whitish scaling in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056A8103E722EA7123D" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056A8103E722EA7123D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. charessa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; antennal length approximately 60% of forewing length, segments brown with pale scaling at base, nudum along inner ventral margin of shaft prominent; clubs black, tips orange brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB15F74FFA18056ADE93EFA2F0313FD" blockId="4.[151,1437,706,1935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056ADE93EFA2F7612ED" box="[198,258,1670,1695]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Body</emphasis>
|
||
: Dorsal surface of thorax and abdomen dark brown and ventral surface pale brown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056A8223EFA2BE012ED" box="[1293,1428,1670,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056A8223EFA2BE012ED" box="[1293,1428,1670,1695]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. lampros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and dorsal surface of thorax rufous brown and ventral surface pale brown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056A90E3ED22AC412B5" box="[1057,1200,1710,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056A90E3ED22AC412B5" box="[1057,1200,1710,1735]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. charessa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(removed abdomen of unique
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B5E1D6FFA18056AC3E3EA92F03129D" box="[273,375,1749,1775]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was probably white); eighth sternite of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056AE763EAA2D95129D" box="[857,993,1750,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056AE763EAA2D95129D" box="[857,993,1750,1775]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. lampros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a simple rectangle with a very small distal indentation (eighth sternite shape in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056AFBB3E822D501365" box="[660,804,1790,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056AFBB3E822D501365" box="[660,804,1790,1815]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. charessa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
unknown); all legs brown with yellow scaling in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056A8533E822E82134D" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056A8533E822E82134D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. lampros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and whitish in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA18056AC993F5A2C32134D" box="[438,582,1830,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA18056AC993F5A2C32134D" box="[438,582,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">M. charessa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, tarsus of foreleg unimerous, coxa of medium length for family, midleg and hindleg with a tibial spur and a group of spines at inner distal tip of tibia and spines along inner margin of all tarsal segments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB15F74FFA08057ADE938E42F7916C8" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057ADE938E42F4114C3" box="[198,309,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133543F1FFA08057AC6738E42FE014C0" box="[328,404,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,257,1951,1972]" captionTargetBox="[196,1381,750,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[191,1387,748,1930]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 4. Male genitalia. 3. Livendula huebneri, Matoury, French Guiana (USNM), with genitalia and cornutus (bottom) in lateral view, and valvae in ventral view (top). 4. Minotauros lampros, upper Río Tiputini, E. Ecuador (JHKW), with genitalia in lateral view, valvae in ventral view (left) and uncus / tegumen in dorsal view (right). Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175694/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
): Uncus in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057AF0B38E42CD914C3" box="[548,685,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057AF0B38E42CD914C3" box="[548,685,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">M. lampros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
approximately rectangular in lateral view, with a prominently bifurcate dorsal posterior margin and a pair of elongate, ventrally and inwardly directed projections at ventral margin, uncus in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057AC4938942F811573" box="[358,501,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057AC4938942F811573" box="[358,501,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">M. charessa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plain and approximately rectangular in lateral view, lateral “window” dorsally separated; falces of average size and shape for family; vinculum sinuate and slightly enlarged medially, saccus absent; valvae narrow, elongate, and approximately rectangular, with an elongate basal lateral bulge, valvae fused dorsally at posterior tips, posterior tip of each valve in ventral view in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057A91E391C2ACD150B" box="[1073,1209,352,377]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057A91E391C2ACD150B" box="[1073,1209,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">M. lampros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a narrow and apically downturned process; aedeagus short and of medium width, with pointed posterior tip opening dorsally and to right, and rounded anterior end opening to right, lip of posterior tip curled to right in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057A82239CC2BE015BB" box="[1293,1428,432,457]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057A82239CC2BE015BB" box="[1293,1428,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">M. lampros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; everted vesica of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057AC4C39A42F9C1583" box="[355,488,472,497]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057AC4C39A42F9C1583" box="[355,488,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">M. lampros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
short and broad, with one short membranous process at dorsal base of vesica and another more posteriorly at ventral margin, and a single long, ventrally directed, “blade”-like cornutus that projects away from membrane towards anterior tip, uneverted vesica of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057AEC73A542A031633" box="[1000,1143,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057AEC73A542A031633" box="[1000,1143,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">M. charessa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as illustrated by Stichel (
|
||
<date id="FFB079B4FFA08057ADB03A2C2F731618" box="[159,263,592,618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" value="1910" valueMax="1911">1910–11</date>
|
||
)) with a continuous row of about eleven small cornuti and a single larger cornutus anteriorly; pedicel of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057AC3D3A042FEC16E3" box="[274,408,632,657]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057AC3D3A042FEC16E3" box="[274,408,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">M. lampros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
posteriorly elongate with sclerotized lateral margins, pedicel of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057A9A83A042B6116E3" box="[1159,1301,632,657]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057A9A83A042B6116E3" box="[1159,1301,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">M. charessa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
simple and strap-like.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB15F74FFA08057ADE93AB42A8217F0" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||
FEMALE (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057AC613AB42FA11693" box="[334,469,712,737]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057AC613AB42FA11693" box="[334,469,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">M. lampros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only): Differs externally from male in following ways: Both wings slightly more rounded; ground color of both wings pale and slightly rufous brown; a broad, cream colored, postdiscal band on hindwing extending from middle of anal margin to near apex crisply defined on dorsal surface and more diffusely defined on ventral surface; diffuse cream scaling present distal to postdiscal band on ventral forewing, yellow-white scaling in association with submarginal spots more prominent on both wings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB15F74FFA08057ADE93BEC2DC017D8" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[198,948,912,938]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057ADE93BEC2F7217DB" box="[198,262,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: Second and third palpal segments slightly more elongate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB15F74FFA08057ADE93BC42AEE17A0" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[198,1178,952,978]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057ADE93BC42F7617A3" box="[198,258,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Body</emphasis>
|
||
: Foreleg with spines at inner distal tip of tibia and tarsal segments one to four.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB15F74FFA08057ADE93B9C2E811098" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057ADE93B9C2F41178B" box="[198,309,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133543F1FFA08057AC6A3B9C2FF91788" box="[325,397,992,1018]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 6" captionStartId="6.[151,257,1738,1759]" captionTargetBox="[432,1154,192,1711]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[428,1160,189,1712]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 6. Female genitalia in dorsal view. 5. Livendula huebneri, Parque Nacional Manu, Pakitza, Peru (USNM). 6. Minotauros lampros, Mitú, Colombia (AME). Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175695/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
): Corpus bursae elongate, with a pair of posteriorly positioned, medium-sized, spine-like signa; ductus bursae broad and membranous, with a short, broad and flattened sclerotized section at posterior tip; membranous ductus seminalis exits ductus bursae on dorsal right side immediately before sclerotized section; ostium bursae consists of a broad and flattened sclerotized section enveloping sclerotized section of ductus bursae, with a narrowly elongate and round-tipped sclerotized projection from middle of dorsal posterior margin, and an inverted “T”-shaped sclerotized pad on abdominal surface; papillae anales approximately rectangular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB15F74FFA08057ADE93C8B2B0E11C0" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057ADE93C8B2F991163" bold="true" box="[198,493,1271,1297]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">History of classification</emphasis>
|
||
: The two species placed here in this new genus were described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057A9D73C842B1E1163" box="[1272,1386,1272,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057A9D73C842B1E1163" box="[1272,1386,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Lemonias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057ADB83D5C2F76114B" box="[151,258,1312,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Echenais" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057ADB83D5C2F76114B" box="[151,258,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Echenais</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and treated in two different species groups of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057AE1E3D5C2DE8114B" box="[817,924,1312,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Echenais" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057AE1E3D5C2DE8114B" box="[817,924,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Echenais</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Stichel (
|
||
<date id="FFB079B4FFA08057A9033D5C2AE11148" box="[1068,1173,1312,1338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" value="1910" valueMax="1911">1910–11</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB079B4FFA08057A98D3D5C2B791148" box="[1186,1293,1312,1338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" value="1930" valueMax="1931">1930–31</date>
|
||
). Not previously recognized as being close relatives,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057AFBB3D342DF81110" authority="Bates, 1868" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1868" box="[660,908,1352,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057AFBB3D342C871113" box="[660,755,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">lampros</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F2285FFA08057AFD33D342DF81110" author="Bates" box="[764,908,1352,1378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" refString="Bates, H. W. (1868) A catalogue of Erycinidae, a family of diurnal Lepidoptera. Journal of the Linnean Society (London) (Zoology), 9, 373 - 459." type="journal article" year="1868">Bates, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057AEE03D342A941110" authority="Stichel, 1910" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1910" box="[975,1248,1352,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057AEE03D342A421113" box="[975,1078,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">charessa</emphasis>
|
||
Stichel, 1910
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are here transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057AC283D0C2FFB11FB" box="[263,399,1392,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057AC283D0C2FFB11FB" box="[263,399,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Minotauros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n. combs.) from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057AF433D0C2C9611FB" box="[620,738,1392,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Adelotypa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057AF433D0C2C9611FB" box="[620,738,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Adelotypa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057AE883D0C2A4C11FB" box="[935,1080,1392,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057AE883D0C2A4C11FB" box="[935,1080,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">M. charessa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains unknown, whilst the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057AC223DE42FE011C3" box="[269,404,1432,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057AC223DE42FE011C3" box="[269,404,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">M. lampros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was only recently discovered, and is associated with the male for the first time here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3140CFFFFA08055ADE93DC32FE21580" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB15F74FFA08057ADE93DC32F091390" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057ADE93DC32C1D11AB" bold="true" box="[198,617,1471,1497]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Diagnosis and systematic position</emphasis>
|
||
: The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057AFD53DBC2DF511AB" box="[762,897,1472,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057AFD53DBC2DF511AB" box="[762,897,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Minotauros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is erected here primarily for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057A9F63DBC2B4C11AB" box="[1241,1336,1472,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057A9F63DBC2B4C11AB" box="[1241,1336,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">lampros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057AC113D942FD11273" box="[318,421,1512,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057AC113D942FD11273" box="[318,421,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">charessa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057ACFC3D942C2F1273" box="[467,603,1512,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057ACFC3D942C2F1273" box="[467,603,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Minotauros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can only be tentative at the present time. In a family that is full of extraordinary rarities,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057ACB43E6C2C5D125B" box="[411,553,1552,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057ACB43E6C2C5D125B" box="[411,553,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">M. charessa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one of the most poorly known species. It was described nearly a hundred years ago from a single male specimen collected on the Rio Juruá in western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3191FE4FFA08057A9333E442A101220" box="[1052,1124,1592,1618]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Stichel, 1910), and to my knowledge has never been collected again. In addition, the abdomen of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B5E1D6FFA08057A9203E1C2A0D1208" box="[1039,1145,1632,1658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, housed in the Zoologisches Museum of the Humboldt Universität, in Berlin,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3191FE4FFA08057AE343EF42DFC12D0" box="[795,904,1672,1698]" name="Germany" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
(ZMHU), was long ago removed for dissection, and may well be lost. Despite repeated searches of the ZMHU by myself and museum staff, no trace of the genitalia dissection has ever been found. Although the male genitalia of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B5E1D6FFA08057A91A3EA42AEF1280" box="[1077,1179,1752,1778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
were, very unusually, illustrated by Stichel (
|
||
<date id="FFB079B4FFA08057ACB13F7C2C7C1368" box="[414,520,1792,1818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" value="1910" valueMax="1911">1910–11</date>
|
||
), his illustration is somewhat stylized and almost certainly not entirely accurate.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3191FE4FFA08057ADFC3F542E801330" box="[211,244,1832,1858]" name="American Samoa" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
a consequence, knowledge of the genital morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057AE8A3F542A421333" box="[933,1078,1832,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057AE8A3F542A421333" box="[933,1078,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">M. charessa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains incomplete. Stichel’s illustration does indicate the presence of numerous small cornuti in the uneverted vesica, and a small process on the valvae that are not present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057AF6C3F042CBD13E3" box="[579,713,1912,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057AF6C3F042CBD13E3" box="[579,713,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">M. lampros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The wing coloration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057AEC13F042A0913E3" box="[1006,1149,1912,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057AEC13F042A0913E3" box="[1006,1149,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">M. charessa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057ADB83FDC2F6B13CB" box="[151,287,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057ADB83FDC2F6B13CB" box="[151,287,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">M. lampros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057ACEC3FDC2C2713CB" box="[451,595,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057ACEC3FDC2C2713CB" box="[451,595,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">M. charessa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares several unusual wing characters with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057A9403FDC2A8213CB" box="[1135,1270,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lemonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057A9403FDC2A8213CB" box="[1135,1270,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">M. lampros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, I place it for now in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA08057ADC03FB42F031393" box="[239,375,1992,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA08057ADC03FB42F031393" box="[239,375,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Minotauros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF710FFCFFA38054ADB83EB62CE5128F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175695/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[432,1154,192,1711]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB15F74FFA38054ADB83EB62CE5128F" blockId="6.[151,1436,1738,1789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA38054ADB83EB62F5E12AD" bold="true" box="[151,298,1738,1759]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">FIGURES 5–6</emphasis>
|
||
. Female genitalia in dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA38054AF433EB62C0C12AD" bold="true" box="[620,632,1738,1759]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">5</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA38054AFAC3EB72A0E1292" authority="Parque Nacional Manu, Pakitza" authorityName="Parque Nacional Manu, Pakitza" box="[643,1146,1739,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Livendula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huebneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA38054AFAC3EB72D4A1292" box="[643,830,1739,1760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Livendula huebneri</emphasis>
|
||
, Parque Nacional Manu, Pakitza
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Peru (USNM).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA38054A83A3EB62B5512AD" bold="true" box="[1301,1313,1738,1759]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">6</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA38054A8023EB72F55128F" authority="Mitu" authorityName="Mitu" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA38054A8023EB72E91128F" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Minotauros lampros</emphasis>
|
||
, Mitú
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Colombia (AME). Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB15F74FFA38055ADE93F2A2FE21580" blockId="6.[151,1436,1878,2024]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,578]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA38054ADE93F2A2FC3131D" box="[198,439,1878,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA38054ADE93F2A2FC3131D" box="[198,439,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Minotauros lampros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses numerous unique apomorphies, including a dark royal blue dorsal wing pattern, a prominent raised pad of yellow androconial scales across the middle of the costal margin on the dorsal hindwing (ultrastructure illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F2285FFA38054AFA53FDA2DD913B2" author="Hall" box="[650,941,1958,1984]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" refString="Hall, J. P. W. & Harvey, D. J. (2002 b) A survey of androconial organs in the Riodinidae (Lepidoptera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 136, 171 - 197." type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="b">Hall & Harvey (2002b))</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, a prominently bifurcate posterior margin to the uncus, a pair of elongate, ventrally and inwardly directed projections at the ventral margin of the uncus, a unique valve shape, a laterally curled posterior lip to the aedeagus, a very large, blade-like aedeagal cornutus, a posteriorly projecting and laterally thickened pedicel, and a unique arrangement of sclerotized structures in the vicinity of the female genital ostium bursae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA28055AE2C38942D871573" box="[771,1011,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA28055AE2C38942D871573" box="[771,1011,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Minotauros lampros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA28055A91E38942AB61573" box="[1073,1218,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA28055A91E38942AB61573" box="[1073,1218,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">M. charessa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have very similar wing shapes and spotting patterns on both wings, and share a convex forewing anal margin, which is found elsewhere in the Nymphidiina only in the unrelated “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA28055AE2D39442D221523" box="[770,854,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Setabis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA28055AE2D39442D221523" box="[770,854,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Setabis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA28055AE4539442DC11523" box="[874,949,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">tapaja</emphasis>
|
||
(Saunders, 1859) and an undescribed relative. They also share a prominently visible patch of androconial scales along the costal margin of the dorsal hindwing, which is found elsewhere in the Nymphidiina only in the unrelated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA28055A91139F42EAB15B8" authority="Cramer, 1775" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pandemos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pasiphae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA28055A91139F42B5F15D3" box="[1086,1323,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Pandemos pasiphae</emphasis>
|
||
(Cramer, 1775)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3191FE4FFA28055ADC539CC2F7E15B8" box="[234,266,432,458]" name="American Samoa" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
outlined in the diagnosis for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA28055AF4D39CC2CA315BB" box="[610,727,432,457]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Livendula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA28055AF4D39CC2CA315BB" box="[610,727,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Livendula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA28055AEA339CC2A6715BB" box="[908,1043,432,457]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA28055AEA339CC2A6715BB" box="[908,1043,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Minotauros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear to be most closely related to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA28055AC3539A42FFB1583" box="[282,399,472,497]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Livendula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA28055AC3539A42FFB1583" box="[282,399,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Livendula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3140CFFFFA28055ADE939832ADF1630" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB15F74FFA28055ADE939832ADF1630" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,578]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA28055ADE939832F2B166B" bold="true" box="[198,351,511,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
: Both species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA28055AF1B3A7C2CC8166B" box="[564,700,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA28055AF1B3A7C2CC8166B" box="[564,700,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Minotauros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear to be largely confined to the lowlands of the western Amazon, with an outlying record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E24F7FFA28055AF6D3A542CBC1633" box="[578,712,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Minotauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lampros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97A8366FFA28055AF6D3A542CBC1633" box="[578,712,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">M. lampros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the mountains of southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3191FE4FFA28055A9673A542AD31630" box="[1096,1191,552,578]" name="Guyana" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |