699 lines
85 KiB
XML
699 lines
85 KiB
XML
<document id="9B163BEA9D7D12A891A949FCB0E493F7" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4256.1.1SLASH10888" ID-CLB-Dataset="33174" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.556851" ID-GBIF-Dataset="10284664-323e-49f2-a19f-3ef15f718cc0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="556851" ID-ZooBank="985C0239-D00C-457D-B593-76A3081BCEEA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1493019240325" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Calder, Dale R." docDate="2017" docId="03A787C7493FFF94FF58FF37FBBFFD91" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4256.1.1SLASH10888.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4256 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Rhizogeton fusiformis L. Agassiz 1862" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FF9EFFBF492CFF81FFCFFFE9FFF0FFF1" masterDocTitle="Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Bay of Fundy, northeastern North America, with a checklist of species reported from the region" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1698439043565" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="DFEC3C2A05E249248F3D891FA2C3ACA8">Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Bay of Fundy, northeastern North America, with a checklist of species reported from the region</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="DA40C2ABB2F01C73B7B78994B7EF9931" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6AF658723EA2F84284924843278FC432">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="03521239E9CE265EBD47FC77F962342E">Calder, Dale R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="048EBF105177F29D2F802D97A0BF54DD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4B69B12960E61C1B62EC539741859B06">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="2DA4556AF6DD0D13A181BBA43D4343DF">
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<mods:date id="C473421270FA9B164CF82F3B0BB52227">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="76F592C62908110D42E1F978C7900859" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F551FC35EF5BCBF7D216A42A0FA97336">4256</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="627F575F8139107C35699DE58D2A6C49">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="633E0B1900F80AF803419AD211A2FFC4">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6E09221BBDA844BFEDFCD4C17C1CDED8" type="CLB-Dataset">33174</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9391F8E1D03D15DFCBD0E9FF3B824B25" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.556851</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="095CFE67F2529AFEBD6755EB6761BDB6" type="Zenodo-Dep">556851</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="593D782747B04897AB611E06CFB24D42" type="ZooBank">985C0239-D00C-457D-B593-76A3081BCEEA</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A787C7493FFF94FF58FF37FBBFFD91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6015981" ID-GBIF-Taxon="128697015" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6015981" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A787C7493FFF94FF58FF37FBBFFD91" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787C7493FFF94FF58FF37FBBFFD91" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection id="C314655A493FFF92FF58FF37FED6FEE8" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB136D1493FFF92FF58FF37FD84FF09" blockId="19.[151,628,222,282]" box="[151,628,222,248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="D0F981BD493FFF92FF58FF37FD84FF09" bold="true" box="[151,628,222,248]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52493FFF92FF58FF37FD84FF09" ID-CoL="4SCMY" authority="L. Agassiz, 1862" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,628,222,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
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||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3493FFF92FF58FF37FD84FF09" bold="true" box="[151,628,222,248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3493FFF92FF58FF37FE53FF09" bold="true" box="[151,419,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rhizogeton fusiformis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B20493FFF92FE65FF37FD84FF09" author="Agassiz" box="[426,628,222,248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">L. Agassiz, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB136D1493FFF92FF58FEE8FED6FEE8" blockId="19.[151,628,222,282]" box="[151,294,257,282]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<figureCitation id="13352A54493FFF92FF58FEE8FF13FEE8" box="[151,227,257,282]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1541,1563]" captionTargetBox="[160,1421,556,1506]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1435,545,1519]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Filiferan hydroids. a, Corydendrium dispar, colony with three hydranths, SNM HYD- 000871. Scale equals 0.5 mm. b, Corydendrium dispar, distal end of hydrocaulus with a hydranth, SNM HYD- 000871. Scale equals 0.25 mm. c, Rhizogeton fusiformis, hydranth and young female gonophores, ROMIZ B 3101. Scale equals 0.5 mm. d, Rhizogeton fusiformis, developing female gonophores, ROMIZ B 3101. Scale equals 0.25 mm. e, Rhizogeton fusiformis, female gonophores, ROMIZ B 3101. Scale equals 0.25 mm. f, Bougainvillia muscus, part of colony with two hydranths, ROMIZ B 3120. Scale equals 0.25 mm. g, Bougainvillia muscus, part of colony with medusa buds and tendrils, ROMIZ B 3120. Scale equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556858/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
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c–e, 9
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C314655A493FFF92FF58FEA0FB0CFEAE" box="[151,1276,329,351]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D1493FFF92FF58FEA0FB0CFEAE" blockId="19.[151,1276,329,351]" box="[151,1276,329,351]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1E11FF493FFF92FF58FEA0FB0CFEAE" box="[151,1276,329,351]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52493FFF92FF58FEA0FDABFEAE" ID-CoL="4SCMY" authority="L. Agassiz, 1862: 224" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityPageNumber="224" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,603,329,351]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
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||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3493FFF92FF58FEA0FE84FEAE" box="[151,372,329,351]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rhizogeton fusiformis</emphasis>
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAF10C0493FFF92FEB4FEA3FDABFEAE" author="Agassiz" box="[379,603,329,351]" page="224" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1862">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B20493FFF92FEB4FEA3FDD9FEAE" author="Agassiz" box="[379,553,329,351]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">L. Agassiz, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 224
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, pl. 20, figs. 17–23.—
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAF10C0493FFF92FCF6FEA0FBDDFEAE" author="Linkletter" box="[825,1069,329,351]" page="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1977">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B20493FFF92FCF6FEA0FBE7FEAE" author="Linkletter" box="[825,1047,329,351]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Linkletter, L. E., Lord, E. I. & Dadswell, M. J. (1977) A checklist of marine fauna and flora of the Bay of Fundy. Huntsman Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, New Brunswick, 68 pp." type="book" year="1977">
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||
Linkletter
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||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3493FFF92FC67FEA3FC25FEAE" box="[936,981,329,351]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 1977
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 6
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAF10C0493FFF92FB84FEA0FB08FEAE" author="Calder" box="[1099,1272,329,351]" page="13" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B20493FFF92FB84FEA0FB23FEAE" author="Calder" box="[1099,1235,329,351]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Calder, D. R. (2010) Some anthoathecate hydroids and limnopolyps (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Hawaiian archipelago. Zootaxa, 2590, 1 - 91." type="journal article" year="2010">Calder, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 13
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C314655A493FFF92FF58FE65FC6FFD19" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D1493FFF92FF58FE65FBDCFE55" blockId="19.[151,1437,396,1357]" box="[151,1068,396,421]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B663C8C493FFF92FF58FE65FBDCFE55" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1457688665" box="[151,1068,396,421]" collectorName="L. Agassiz" country="United States of America" location="Nahant" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Massachusetts" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3493FFF92FF58FE65FEC5FE54" bold="true" box="[151,309,396,421]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B58873493FFF92FF58FE65FF22FE54" box="[151,210,396,421]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3197641493FFF92FEF3FE65FE89FE55" box="[316,377,396,420]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF833493FFF92FE4CFE65FDD8FE54" box="[387,552,396,421]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8ED1600A493FFF92FDFCFE65FD77FE54" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A787C7493FFF94FF58FF37FBBFFD91:8ED1600A493FFF92FDFCFE65FD77FE54" box="[563,647,396,421]" country="United States of America" name="Nahant" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Massachusetts">Nahant</location>
|
||
, in tide pools (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B20493FFF92FCE3FE65FBD0FE55" author="Agassiz" box="[812,1056,396,421]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">
|
||
<collectorName id="26FB5307493FFF92FCE3FE65FC54FE54" box="[812,932,396,421]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">L. Agassiz</collectorName>
|
||
1862: 224
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D1493FFF92FF08FE46FC6FFD19" blockId="19.[151,1437,396,1357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B663C8C493FFF92FF08FE46FA67FE1C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1457688666" collectingDate="1972-07-10" collectionCode="ARC" collectorName="A. Brinckmann-Voss & Richardson" country="Iceland" county="Biological Station" elevation="1" latitude="44.995" location="Material" municipality="St. Andrews" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="ARC 8650057" specimenCount="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3493FFF92FF08FE46FE40FE39" bold="true" box="[199,432,431,456]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<location id="8ED1600A493FFF92FF08FE46FEDFFE39" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A787C7493FFF94FF58FF37FBBFFD91:8ED1600A493FFF92FF08FE46FEDFFE39" box="[199,303,431,456]" country="Iceland" county="Biological Station" latitude="44.995" municipality="St. Andrews" name="Material" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Material</location>
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||
examined.
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||
</emphasis>
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NB:
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BD5ACAB493FFF92FE23FE59FD89FE39" box="[492,633,431,456]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">St. Andrews</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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<collectingCounty id="62D04E5D493FFF92FD4BFE46FCBEFE39" box="[644,846,431,456]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Biological Station</collectingCounty>
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wharf, pontoon,
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<date id="FFB01011493FFF92FBC2FE46FB7FFE39" box="[1037,1167,431,456]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1972-07-10">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFF4E9F9493FFF92FBC2FE46FB7FFE39" box="[1037,1167,431,456]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1972-07-10">10.vii.1972</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
|
||
, <
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||
<quantity id="4CF69B34493FFF92FB61FE59FB27FE36" box="[1198,1239,432,456]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="1.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0023D1E2493FFF92FB61FE59FB27FE36" box="[1198,1239,432,456]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
, one colony, with male gonophores, coll.
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<collectorName id="26FB5307493FFF92FE76FE3DFD40FE1C" box="[441,688,468,493]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. Brinckmann-Voss</collectorName>
|
||
,
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||
<specimenCode id="DBA89EAA493FFF92FD0BFE3DFC85FE1C" box="[708,885,468,493]" collectionCode="ARC" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r82x-h8re" name="Atlantic Reference Centre" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE14493FFF92FD0BFE3DFD0EFE1D" box="[708,766,468,492]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r82x-h8re" name="Atlantic Reference Centre" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ARC</collectionCode>
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||
8650057
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||
</specimenCode>
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||
.—NB:
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||
<collectorName id="26FB5307493FFF92FC1DFE3DFBA4FE1C" box="[978,1108,468,493]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Richardson</collectorName>
|
||
, Deer Island,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A5016493FFF92FAC3FE3DFA67FE1C" box="[1292,1431,468,493]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="15" value="44.995">44°59’42”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B663C8C493FFF92FF58FE1EFB93FDC4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1457688663" collectingDate="1988-12-19" collectionCode="ROMIZ" collectorName="D. Calder" country="Iceland" location="Stuart Town" longitude="-66.94583" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A5016493FFF92FF58FE1EFED6FDE1" box="[151,294,503,528]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="15" value="-66.94583">66°56’45”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, wharf, pontoon slip, just below surface,
|
||
<collectedFrom id="3812752C493FFF92FCD6FE11FC15FDE1" box="[793,997,503,528]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52493FFF92FC8DFE1EFC15FDE1" box="[834,997,503,528]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Mytilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytiloida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3493FFF92FC8DFE1EFC15FDE1" box="[834,997,503,528]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Mytilus edulis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB01011493FFF92FC37FE1EFB8AFDE1" box="[1016,1146,503,528]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1988-12-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF4E9F9493FFF92FC37FE1EFB8AFDE1" box="[1016,1146,503,528]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1988-12-19">19.xii.1988</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 5°C, 34‰, one colony, without gonophores, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26FB5307493FFF92FE0FFDF4FDC1FDC4" box="[448,561,540,565]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. Calder</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE14493FFF92FDF2FDF5FD67FDC5" box="[573,663,540,564]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
B1022.—NB:
|
||
<location id="8ED1600A493FFF92FC8BFDF5FC21FDC5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A787C7493FFF94FF58FF37FBBFFD91:8ED1600A493FFF92FC8BFDF5FC21FDC5" box="[836,977,540,564]" country="Iceland" longitude="-66.94583" name="Stuart Town" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Stuart Town</location>
|
||
, Deer Island
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, 45°01’07”N, 66°56’16”W, <
|
||
<quantity id="4CF69B34493FFF92FF65FDA9FF24FDA6" box="[170,212,576,600]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectedFrom id="3812752C493FFF92FF2EFDA9FDF2FDA9" box="[225,514,575,600]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52493FFF92FECBFDD6FDF2FDA9" box="[260,514,575,600]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Fucaceae" genus="Ascophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="species" species="nodosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3493FFF92FECBFDD6FDF2FDA9" box="[260,514,575,600]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ascophyllum nodosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB01011493FFF92FDDFFDA9FD71FDA9" box="[528,641,576,600]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1999-05-24">24.v.1999</date>
|
||
, 34‰, 9° C, one colony, without gonophores, coll. D. Calder, ROMIZ B3091.—NB: Letete, Tucker’s Brook, 45°02’52”N, 66°53’36”W, intertidal, in brook,
|
||
<collectedFrom id="3812752C493FFF92FBBEFD8CFA65FD8C" box="[1137,1429,612,637]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52493FFF92FB59FD8DFA65FD8C" box="[1174,1429,612,637]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Fucaceae" genus="Ascophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="species" species="nodosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3493FFF92FB59FD8DFA65FD8C" box="[1174,1429,612,637]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ascophyllum nodosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB01011493FFF92FF58FD61FEF7FD51" box="[151,263,648,672]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1999-05-24">24.v.1999</date>
|
||
, 23‰, 12° C, two colonies with female gonophores, coll. D. Calder, ROMIZ B3101.—NB: Letete, Tucker’s Brook, 45°02’52”N, 66°53’36”W, intertidal, in brook,
|
||
<collectedFrom id="3812752C493FFF92FCAAFD44FB74FD34" box="[869,1156,684,709]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52493FFF92FC48FD45FB74FD34" box="[903,1156,684,709]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Fucaceae" genus="Ascophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="species" species="nodosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3493FFF92FC48FD45FB74FD34" box="[903,1156,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ascophyllum nodosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB01011493FFF92FB5DFD45FAF2FD35" box="[1170,1282,684,708]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1999-05-30">30.v.1999</date>
|
||
, 23‰, 16° C, two colonies, with male gonophores, coll. D. Calder, ROMIZ B3102.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C314655A493FFF92FF08FD1DFBAFFABC" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D1493FFF92FF08FD1DFD38FBDC" blockId="19.[151,1437,396,1357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3493FFF92FF08FD1DFEA9FCFC" bold="true" box="[199,345,756,781]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Athecate hydroids forming stolonal, monomorphic colonies, arising from a creeping and often reticular hydrorhiza. Stolons of hydrorhiza covered by thin perisarc, sometimes forming a complex network of tubes. Hydranths
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52493FFF92FE91FCD5FE5AFCA4" box="[350,426,828,853]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sessile">sessile</taxonomicName>
|
||
, elongate, club-shaped to cylindrical to tapering from end to end, up to about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF69B34493FFF92FAEDFCD5FAABFCA5" box="[1314,1371,828,852]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, naked except for a short collar of thin perisarc at proximal end, while sometimes widely separated, under optimal conditions forming dense aggregations of polyps up to several cm long; tentacles as many as 10-30 or more, filiform, tapering from broader base to slender tip, appearing scattered but tending to occur in several irregular whorls over distal half to 2/3 of hydranth, with those of one whorl alternating with those of adjacent whorl or whorls, distal tentacles longer than proximal ones; hypostome elongate, dome-shaped. Hydrorhizal spines absent; nematophores absent. Colour orange to ochre-red.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D1493FFF92FF08FBDEFBE2FB11" blockId="19.[151,1437,396,1357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Gonophores fixed sporosacs, arising on peduncles of varying length from hydrorhizal stolons.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF833493FFF92FAADFBDEFA6CFBA1" box="[1378,1436,1079,1104]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Male</collectingRegion>
|
||
gonophores initially almost round, on short peduncle, becoming elongate-oval to fusiform with longer peduncle, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF69B34493FFF92FF2EFB69FED7FB66" box="[225,295,1152,1176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, entire structure covered with thin, filmy perisarc; white to deep orange in colour. Female gonophores spherical, on short peduncle, later becoming sac-shaped and borne on a long peduncle; perisarc thin, filmy, eventually shed over distal end to expose developing embryos on spadix.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D1493FFF92FF08FB05FE79FAF5" blockId="19.[151,1437,396,1357]" box="[199,393,1260,1285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Cnidome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13352A54493FFF92FEF2FB05FE70FAF5" box="[317,384,1260,1285]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1860,1882]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,1413,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,1412,1839]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Rhizogeton fusiformis, nematocysts, ROMIZ B 3101. a, desmonemes. b, desmoneme, partially discharged. c, heterotrichous microbasic eurytele." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556860/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D1493FFF92FF08FAE6FBF9FAD9" blockId="19.[151,1437,396,1357]" box="[199,1033,1295,1320]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">desmonemes (n = 10): 5.0–6.3 µm long × 3.2–3.8 µm wide (undischarged)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D1493FFF92FF08FADDFBAFFABC" blockId="19.[151,1437,396,1357]" box="[199,1119,1332,1357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">microbasic euryteles (n = 10): 7.9–8.2 µm long × 2.9–3.3 µm wide (undischarged)</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF716659493FFF92FF58F8ADFE0CF888" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556860/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" targetBox="[152,1435,1413,1838]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D1493FFF92FF58F8ADFE0CF888" blockId="19.[151,1436,1860,1913]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3493FFF92FF58F8ADFEE7F8AB" bold="true" box="[151,279,1860,1882]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52493FFF92FEEDF8ADFDF4F8AB" box="[290,516,1860,1882]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3493FFF92FEEDF8ADFDF4F8AB" box="[290,516,1860,1882]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rhizogeton fusiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, nematocysts, ROMIZ B3101. a, desmonemes. b, desmoneme, partially discharged. c, heterotrichous microbasic eurytele.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C314655A493FFF95FF08F84CFE9EFC39" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D1493FFF95FF08F84CFBA2FDCD" blockId="19.[151,1436,1957,2018]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B663C8C493FFF92FF08F84CFC17F813" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1457688653" collectorName="L. Agassiz" location="Massachusetts" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3493FFF92FF08F84CFECBF84F" bold="true" box="[199,315,1957,1982]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D52493FFF92FE8CF84CFCF4F84F" authority="L. Agassiz, 1862" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[323,772,1957,1982]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC3493FFF92FE8CF84CFDCAF84F" box="[323,570,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rhizogeton fusiformis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B20493FFF92FD8CF84EFCF4F84F" author="Agassiz" box="[579,772,1957,1982]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">L. Agassiz, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described from hydroids growing on rocks and stones in intertidal pools at Nahant,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF833493FFF92FDA4F820FCFDF813" box="[619,781,1993,2018]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B20493FFF92FCD0F823FC2FF813" author="Agassiz" box="[799,991,1993,2018]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">
|
||
<collectorName id="26FB5307493FFF92FCD0F823FC6AF813" box="[799,922,1993,2018]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">L. Agassiz</collectorName>
|
||
1862
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B663C8C493FFF95FC3AF823FCB2FF24" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1457688659" collectionCode="MCZ" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" location="Only" municipality="July" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="MCZ 52" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="A" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B58873493FFF92FC3AF823FBDDF813" box="[1013,1069,1994,2018]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBA89EAA493FFF92FB73F823FAD0F813" box="[1212,1312,1993,2018]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE14493FFF92FB73F823FB0BF813" box="[1212,1275,1994,2018]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
||
52
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
) from that location were collected during the month of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD5ACAB4938FF95FD66FF7EFD28FF41" box="[681,728,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">July</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FD23FF71FC44FF41" author="Agassiz" box="[748,948,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Agassiz, A. (1865) North American Acalephae. Illustrated catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, at Harvard College, No. 2, 1 - 234." type="book chapter" year="1865">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF8334938FF95FD23FF71FCF4FF41" box="[748,772,152,176]" country="Gambia" name="Upper River" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Agassiz 1865
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="8ED1600A4938FF95FC03FF7EFBF4FF41" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A787C7493FFF94FF58FF37FBBFFD91:8ED1600A4938FF95FC03FF7EFBF4FF41" box="[972,1028,151,176]" municipality="July" name="Only" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" stateProvince="A">Only</location>
|
||
two other reports provide original observations on the species in the western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF8334938FF95FD58FF55FD29FF24" box="[663,729,188,213]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">North</collectingRegion>
|
||
Atlantic
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B663C8C4938FF95FC9EFF54FBA2FDCD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1457688656" collectorName="H. J. Clark & L. Agassiz" country="Canada" county="Bay of Fundy" location="Bay of Fundy" municipality="Passamaquoddy Bay" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
Notes and an illustration of the trophosome of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FA4BFF54FEF7FF09" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FA4BFF54FEF7FF09" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R. fusiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were provided in a widely overlooked work by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FCECFF09FC09FF09" author="Clark" box="[803,1017,223,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Clark, H. J. (1865 b) Mind in nature; or the origin of life, and the mode of development of animals. D. Appleton & Company, New York, 322 pp." type="book" year="1865" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
<collectorName id="26FB53074938FF95FCECFF09FC66FF09" box="[803,918,223,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H.J. Clark</collectorName>
|
||
(1865b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. He also complemented a description of male gonophores of the species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FD99FEECFCD5FEEC" author="Agassiz" box="[598,805,260,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">
|
||
<collectorName id="26FB53074938FF95FD99FEECFD21FEEC" box="[598,721,260,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">L. Agassiz</collectorName>
|
||
(1862)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with the first account of female gonophores and their development (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FEF4FEC1FDF1FEB1" author="Clark" box="[315,513,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Clark, H. J. (1865 a) Discovery of the female of Rhizogeton fusiformis, Ag. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 9, 342." type="journal article" year="1865" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
<collectorName id="26FB53074938FF95FEF4FEC1FE40FEB1" box="[315,432,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H.J. Clark</collectorName>
|
||
1865a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FDC0FECEFDAAFEB1" author="Clark" box="[527,602,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Clark, H. J. (1865 b) Mind in nature; or the origin of life, and the mode of development of animals. D. Appleton & Company, New York, 322 pp." type="book" year="1865" yearSuffix="b">1865b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Subsequent references to the species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FB8AFECEFB13FEB1" author="Verrill" box="[1093,1251,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1879) Preliminary check-list of the marine Invertebrata of the Atlantic coast, from Cape Cod to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor, New Haven, Connecticut, 32 pp." type="book" year="1879">Verrill (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FB3DFECEFA68FEB1" author="Hargitt" box="[1266,1432,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Hargitt, C. W. (1901) Synopses of North-American invertebrates. XIV. The hydromedusae-Part I. American Naturalist, 35, 301 - 315." type="journal article" year="1901">Hargitt (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FF58FEA5FEBFFE95" author="Kingsley" box="[151,335,332,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Kingsley, J. S. (1910) A synopsis of the fixed hydroids of New England. Tufts College Studies, 3, 13 - 38." type="journal article" year="1910">Kingsley (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FE46FEA4FDEAFE95" author="Fraser" box="[393,538,332,356]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser (1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FDEBFEA5FD9AFE95" author="Fraser" box="[548,618,332,356]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1947 a) Distribution and relationship in American hydroids. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 464 pp. [although dated " 1946 " on the title page, this book was not published until February 1947]" type="book" year="1947" yearSuffix="a">1947a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) appear to have been based on the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FB24FEA4FA8AFE95" box="[1259,1402,332,356]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FB24FEA4FA8AFE95" box="[1259,1402,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R. fusiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FF58FE99FE97FE79" author="Agassiz" box="[151,359,367,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">
|
||
<collectorName id="26FB53074938FF95FF58FE99FEE1FE79" box="[151,273,367,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">L. Agassiz</collectorName>
|
||
(1862)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Other than a listing of the species in a
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62D04E5D4938FF95FCFAFE99FC23FE79" box="[821,979,367,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Bay of Fundy</collectingCounty>
|
||
checklist (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FB9FFE86FAB8FE79" author="Linkletter" box="[1104,1352,367,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Linkletter, L. E., Lord, E. I. & Dadswell, M. J. (1977) A checklist of marine fauna and flora of the Bay of Fundy. Huntsman Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, New Brunswick, 68 pp." type="book" year="1977">
|
||
Linkletter
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FB06FE98FB0BFE79" box="[1225,1275,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1977
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and a brief note of its occurrence in
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD5ACAB4938FF95FE3EFE7DFD2CFE5C" box="[497,732,404,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Passamaquoddy Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31976414938FF95FD26FE7DFCCDFE5C" box="[745,829,404,429]" name="Canada" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FC82FE7DFC2EFE5D" author="Calder" box="[845,990,404,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Calder, D. R. (2010) Some anthoathecate hydroids and limnopolyps (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Hawaiian archipelago. Zootaxa, 2590, 1 - 91." type="journal article" year="2010">Calder 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), this is the first published record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FA4BFE7CFEF7FE21" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FA4BFE7CFEF7FE21" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R. fusiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the northeast coast of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF8334938FF95FD8DFE5EFD74FE21" box="[578,644,439,464]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">North</collectingRegion>
|
||
America since the accounts of Louis Agassiz, Alexander Agassiz, and Henry James Clark in the 1860s. Macroscopically, hydroids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FCBAFE34FBF7FE05" box="[885,1031,476,500]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FCBAFE34FBF7FE05" box="[885,1031,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R. fusiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
generally resemble those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FA96FE35FE26FDE9" authority="Forsskal, 1775" authorityName="Forsskal" authorityYear="1775" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Clava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="multicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FA96FE35FEE7FDE9" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Clava multicornis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FEEBFE16FE3EFDE9" author="Forsskal" box="[292,462,511,536]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Forsskal, P. (1775) Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit Petrus Forskal. Prof. Haun. Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Molleri, Hauniae, 140 pp." type="book" year="1775">Forsskål, 1775</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the two species were found together during this study in the
|
||
<location id="8ED1600A4938FF95FB61FDE9FAB7FDE9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A787C7493FFF94FF58FF37FBBFFD91:8ED1600A4938FF95FB61FDE9FAB7FDE9" box="[1198,1351,511,536]" country="Canada" county="Bay of Fundy" municipality="Passamaquoddy Bay" name="Bay of Fundy" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" stateProvince="North">
|
||
Bay of
|
||
<location id="8ED1600A4938FF95FB30FE16FAB7FDE9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A787C7493FFF94FF58FF37FBBFFD91:8ED1600A4938FF95FB30FE16FAB7FDE9" box="[1279,1351,511,536]" country="Canada" county="Bay of Fundy" municipality="Passamaquoddy Bay" name="Fundy region" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" stateProvince="North">Fundy</location>
|
||
</location>
|
||
region, even occurring at times on the same thallus of the fucoid alga
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FC81FDCDFBBAFDCC" box="[846,1098,548,573]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Fucaceae" genus="Ascophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="species" species="nodosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FC81FDCDFBBAFDCC" box="[846,1098,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ascophyllum nodosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D14938FF95FF08FDAEFE9EFC39" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
The description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FE55FDA0FDD9FD91" box="[410,553,584,608]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FE55FDA0FDD9FD91" box="[410,553,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R. fusiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
given here is based in part on the original account of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FB4EFDA1FABBFD91" author="Agassiz" box="[1153,1355,583,608]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">L. Agassiz (1862)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and in part on new observations of specimens from the Bay of Fundy.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B588734938FF95FC70FD84FC07FD74" box="[959,1015,621,645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material (MCZ 52) from Nahant,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF8334938FF95FF58FD66FECCFD59" box="[151,316,655,680]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
, examined previously (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FD83FD66FD2FFD59" author="Calder" box="[588,735,655,680]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107." type="journal article" year="1988">Calder 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), is in poor condition and of little use in characterizing the species. The finest specimens examined here were found on thalli of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FC58FD5DFBEAFD3C" box="[919,1050,692,717]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Fucaceae" genus="Ascophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="species" species="nodosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FC58FD5DFBEAFD3C" box="[919,1050,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF8334938FF95FC58FD5DFC5BFD3A" box="[919,939,692,715]" country="Gambia" name="Upper River" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
. nodosum
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in an intertidal brook running into Passamaquoddy Bay from a brackish pond near Letete, NB (ROMIZ B3101, ROMIZ B3102). These colonies, collected during late spring (
|
||
<date id="FFB010114938FF95FE22FD15FD61FCE5" box="[493,657,764,789]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1999-05-24">24 May 1999</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB010114938FF95FD6EFD15FCB5FCE5" box="[673,837,764,789]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1999-05-30">30 May 1999</date>
|
||
), bore gonophores in the form of fixed sporosacs. Development of embryos and release of planula larvae were described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FBCEFCC9FB2BFCC9" author="Clark" box="[1025,1243,799,824]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Clark, H. J. (1865 b) Mind in nature; or the origin of life, and the mode of development of animals. D. Appleton & Company, New York, 322 pp." type="book" year="1865" yearSuffix="b">H.J. Clark (1865b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from specimens collected during May farther south in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF8334938FF95FDF1FCADFD13FCAC" box="[574,739,836,861]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF8334938FF95FD21FCADFCF2FCAD" box="[750,770,836,860]" country="Gambia" name="Upper River" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
statement by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FC51FCACFB50FCAC" author="Agassiz" box="[926,1184,836,861]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">L. Agassiz (1862: 226)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that spent gonophores of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FF7AFC80FEB4FC71" box="[181,324,872,896]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FF7AFC80FEB4FC71" box="[181,324,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R. fusiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
metamorphose into hydranths was disputed by H.J.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FC43FC8EFBD2FC71" author="Clark" box="[908,1058,871,896]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Clark, H. J. (1865 a) Discovery of the female of Rhizogeton fusiformis, Ag. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 9, 342." type="journal article" year="1865" yearSuffix="a">Clark (1865a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 342, 1865b: 76, 77). He believed that spent gonophores likely wither and are resorbed, and that hydranths may then develop from the base of the old gonophore pedicel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C314655A4938FF95FF08FC3DFA66FA31" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D14938FF95FF08FC3DFC5FFAFD" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FF08FC3DFE4CFC1D" ID-CoL="4SCMY" box="[199,444,980,1005]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FF08FC3DFE4CFC1D" box="[199,444,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rhizogeton fusiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B588734938FF95FDC9FC3CFDC6FC1C" box="[518,566,981,1005]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species, by monotypy, of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FC92FC3DFB54FC1C" ID-CoL="7PXMR" authority="L. Agassiz, 1862" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[861,1188,980,1005]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FC92FC3DFC2BFC1C" box="[861,987,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rhizogeton</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FC2CFC3CFB54FC1C" author="Agassiz" box="[995,1188,980,1005]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">L. Agassiz, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Five nominal species are currently assigned to the genus (WoRMS), including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FCFAFC10FBC8FBE1" ID-CoL="4SCN3" authority="Broch, 1910" authorityName="Broch" authorityYear="1910" box="[821,1080,1015,1040]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nudus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FCFAFC10FC6CFBE1" box="[821,924,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R. nudus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FC68FC1EFBC8FBE1" author="Broch" box="[935,1080,1015,1040]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Broch, H. (1910) Die Hydroiden der Arktischen Meere. Fauna Arctica, 5, 127 - 248. [dating of this publication follows evidence provided by Cornelius (1995 b)]" type="journal article" year="1910">Broch, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FB88FC10FA85FBE1" ID-CoL="4SCMX" authority="Yamada, 1964" authorityName="Yamada" authorityYear="1964" box="[1095,1397,1015,1040]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ezoense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FB88FC10FB32FBE1" box="[1095,1218,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R. ezoense</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FB02FC1EFA85FBE1" author="Yamada" box="[1229,1397,1015,1040]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Yamada, Y. (1964) Rhizogeton ezoense n. sp., a new hydroid from Hokkaido, Japan. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Series 6, Zoology, 15, 395 - 397." type="journal article" year="1964">Yamada, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FA4BFC10FE50FBC5" ID-CoL="4SCN4" authority="Calder, 1988" authorityName="Calder" authorityYear="1988" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sterreri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FA4BFC10FF1AFBC5" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R. sterreri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FF31FBF5FE67FBC5" author="Calder" box="[254,407,1052,1077]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107." type="journal article" year="1988">Calder, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FE2AFBF4FCDAFBC4" authority="Schuchert, 1996" authorityName="Schuchert" authorityYear="1996" box="[485,810,1052,1077]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="conicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FE2AFBF4FDAEFBC5" box="[485,606,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R. conicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FDA3FBF5FCDAFBC4" author="Schuchert" box="[620,810,1052,1077]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Schuchert, P. (1996) The marine fauna of New Zealand: athecate hydroids and their medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 106, 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="1996">Schuchert, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FC2FFBF4FB84FBC5" ID-CoL="4SCMY" box="[992,1140,1052,1076]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FC2FFBF4FB84FBC5" box="[992,1140,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R. fusiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FAE3FBF5FF14FBA9" author="Schuchert" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Schuchert, P. (2012) North-west European athecate hydroids and their medusae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, 59, 1 - 364." type="journal article" year="2012">Schuchert (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, an unnamed species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FDC3FBD6FD7AFBA9" ID-CoL="7PXMR" box="[524,650,1087,1112]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FDC3FBD6FD7AFBA9" box="[524,650,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rhizogeton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FCD8FBA8FC8EFBA9" ID-CoL="4SCN3" box="[791,894,1087,1112]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nudus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FCD8FBA8FC8EFBA9" box="[791,894,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R. nudus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but distinct genetically, occurs in the English Channel and the Mediterranean Sea. He also noted that Arctic populations differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FBBDFB8CFB25FB8C" ID-CoL="4SCN3" box="[1138,1237,1124,1149]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nudus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FBBDFB8CFB25FB8C" box="[1138,1237,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R. nudus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the number of eggs borne by female gonophores, and might consititute a distinct species. In addition, the identity of a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FF58FB45FEE5FB34" ID-CoL="7PXMR" box="[151,277,1196,1221]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FF58FB45FEE5FB34" box="[151,277,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rhizogeton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurring across the tropical Indo-Pacific region remains uncertain (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FBABFB45FAF3FB35" author="Calder" box="[1124,1283,1196,1221]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Calder, D. R. (2010) Some anthoathecate hydroids and limnopolyps (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Hawaiian archipelago. Zootaxa, 2590, 1 - 91." type="journal article" year="2010">Calder, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FAD1FB45FCB2FB19" authority="Antsulevich, in Antsulevich & Polteva, 1986" authorityName="Antsulevich, in Antsulevich & Polteva" authorityYear="1986" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nematophorus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FAD1FB45FEC7FB19" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rhizogeton nematophorus</emphasis>
|
||
Antsulevich, in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FE38FB26FCB2FB19" author="Antsulevich" box="[503,834,1231,1256]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Antsulevich, A. E. & Polteva, D. G. (1986) Gidroidy roda Rhizogeton (Athecata, Clavidae) v faune SSSR. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 65, 965 - 972." type="journal article" year="1986">Antsulevich & Polteva, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinctive in having nematophores, and has been assigned instead to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FEBEFB1DFD3DFAFD" ID-CoL="7PZPY" authority="Schuchert, 2004" authorityName="Schuchert" authorityYear="2004" box="[369,717,1268,1293]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Similomerona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FEBEFB1DFDFDFAFC" box="[369,525,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Similomerona</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FDDBFB1DFD3DFAFD" author="Schuchert" box="[532,717,1268,1293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111, 315 - 369." type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FD39FB1CFC57FAFC" ID-CoL="4XF9B" box="[758,935,1268,1293]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Similomerona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nematophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FD39FB1CFC57FAFC" box="[758,935,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">S. nematophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D14938FF95FF08FAFEFA66FA31" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Although poorly known,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FE21FAFEFD9CFAC1" ID-CoL="7PXMR" box="[494,620,1303,1328]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FE21FAFEFD9CFAC1" box="[494,620,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rhizogeton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a genus having an essentially worldwide distribution, with species reported from the Arctic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FE06FAD5FD7FFAA5" author="Schuchert" box="[457,655,1340,1365]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Schuchert, P. (2001 a) Hydroids of Greenland and Iceland (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Meddelelser om GrOnland, Bioscience, 53, 1 - 184." type="journal article" year="2001" yearSuffix="a">Schuchert 2001a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF8334938FF95FD68FAD5FD18FAA4" box="[679,744,1340,1365]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">North</collectingRegion>
|
||
Atlantic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FCADFAD5FBECFAA5" author="Schuchert" box="[866,1052,1340,1365]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111, 315 - 369." type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF8334938FF95FBFBFAD5FB85FAA4" box="[1076,1141,1340,1365]" country="Maldives" name="Dhekunu" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">South</collectingRegion>
|
||
Atlantic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FB21FAD5FF23FA89" author="Genzano" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Genzano, G. N., Giberto, D., Schejter, L., Bremec, C. & Meretta, P. (2009) Hydroid assemblages from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean (34 - 42 ° S). Marine Ecology, 30, 33 - 46." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Genzano
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FA90FAD4FA65FAA4" box="[1375,1429,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF8334938FF95FF25FAB6FEDBFA89" box="[234,299,1375,1400]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">North</collectingRegion>
|
||
Pacific (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FE5AFAB6FD94FA89" author="Antsulevich" box="[405,612,1375,1400]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Antsulevich, A. E. (2015) Hydrozoa (hydroids and hydromedusae) of Russian seas. St. Petersburg University Press, St. Petersburg, 860 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="2015">Antsulevich 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF8334938FF95FDB4FAB6FD4CFA89" box="[635,700,1375,1400]" country="Maldives" name="Dhekunu" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">South</collectingRegion>
|
||
Pacific (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FCE9FAB6FC2FFA89" author="Schuchert" box="[806,991,1375,1400]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Schuchert, P. (1996) The marine fauna of New Zealand: athecate hydroids and their medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 106, 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="1996">Schuchert 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and Indian oceans (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FB17FAB6FA84FA89" author="Millard" box="[1240,1396,1375,1400]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It extends across the tropical Indo-Pacific in neritic waters from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31976414938FF95FC4FFA6DFBE4FA6C" box="[896,1044,1412,1437]" name="Mozambique" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF8334938FF95FB8DFA6DFB63FA6C" box="[1090,1171,1412,1437]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FB68FA6DFACCFA6D" author="Calder" box="[1191,1340,1412,1437]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Calder, D. R. (2010) Some anthoathecate hydroids and limnopolyps (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Hawaiian archipelago. Zootaxa, 2590, 1 - 91." type="journal article" year="2010">Calder 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and is represented by a species comprising part of the pelagic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FCCEFA41FC8BFA4E" box="[769,891,1448,1471]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FCCEFA41FC8BFA4E" box="[769,891,1448,1471]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Sargassum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fauna in the open
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF8334938FF95FB86FA4EFB7AFA31" box="[1097,1162,1447,1472]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">North</collectingRegion>
|
||
Atlantic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FB35FA4EFA79FA31" author="Calder" box="[1274,1417,1447,1472]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107." type="journal article" year="1988">Calder 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C314655A4938FF94FF08FA25FBBFFD91" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D14938FF94FF08FA25FDD6FF25" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1436,151,608]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Morphological characters seem generally inadequate as a means of resolving current questions about validity of the various putative species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FDD8FA06FD65F9F9" box="[535,661,1519,1544]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FDD8FA06FD65F9F9" box="[535,661,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rhizogeton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nematocysts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FC93FA18FC22F9F9" box="[860,978,1521,1544]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="conicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FC93FA18FC22F9F9" box="[860,978,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R. conicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear to be larger than in other known species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FF33F9FDFE7FF9DC" author="Cooke" box="[252,399,1556,1581]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Cooke, W. J. (1975) Shallow water hydroids from Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands. Micronesica, 11, 85 - 108." type="journal article" year="1975">Cooke 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FE6EF9FDFDCBF9DC" author="Kubota" box="[417,571,1556,1581]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Kubota, S. (1976) Notes on the nematocysts of Japanese hydroids, I. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Series 6, Zoology, 20, 230 - 243." type="journal article" year="1976">Kubota 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FD82F9FDFD2FF9DD" author="Calder" box="[589,735,1556,1581]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107." type="journal article" year="1988">Calder 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FD3EF9FDFC59F9DC" author="Schuchert" box="[753,937,1556,1581]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Schuchert, P. (1996) The marine fauna of New Zealand: athecate hydroids and their medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 106, 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="1996">Schuchert 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FC75F9FDFC06F9DD" author="Schuchert" box="[954,1014,1556,1580]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111, 315 - 369." type="journal article" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but the complement of categories (desmonemes; microbasic euryteles) is the same throughout. Molecular studies are needed to resolve taxonomic issues within the genus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FE69F9B5FCDBF984" authority="Yamada, 1964" authorityName="Yamada" authorityYear="1964" box="[422,811,1628,1653]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ezoense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FE69F9B5FD72F985" box="[422,642,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rhizogeton ezoense</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FD47F9B5FCDBF984" author="Yamada" box="[648,811,1628,1653]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Yamada, Y. (1964) Rhizogeton ezoense n. sp., a new hydroid from Hokkaido, Japan. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Series 6, Zoology, 15, 395 - 397." type="journal article" year="1964">Yamada, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, best known from the northwest
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF8334938FF95FB58F9B5FB28F984" box="[1175,1240,1628,1653]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">North</collectingRegion>
|
||
Pacific (Hirohito 1988) but also reported from the northeast
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF8334938FF95FD42F996FD3EF969" box="[653,718,1663,1688]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">North</collectingRegion>
|
||
Pacific (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FCF6F996FBB9F969" author="Brinckmann-Voss" box="[825,1097,1663,1688]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1996) Seasonality of hydroids (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) from an intertidal pool and adjacent subtidal habitats at Race Rocks, off Vancouver Island, Canada. Scientia Marina, 60, 89 - 97." type="journal article" year="1996">Brinckmann-Voss 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), has been regarded by some (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FF51F94DFE1CF94C" author="Antsulevich" box="[158,492,1700,1725]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Antsulevich, A. E. & Polteva, D. G. (1986) Gidroidy roda Rhizogeton (Athecata, Clavidae) v faune SSSR. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 65, 965 - 972." type="journal article" year="1986">Antsulevich & Polteva 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FE35F94DFD36F94D" author="Antsulevich" box="[506,710,1700,1725]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Antsulevich, A. E. (1987) Gidroidy shelfa Kurilskykh ostrovov. Zoologicheskii Institut, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 1 - 165." type="book chapter" year="1987">Antsulevich 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FD1AF94DFCE0F94C" author="Antsulevich" box="[725,784,1700,1725]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Antsulevich, A. E. (2015) Hydrozoa (hydroids and hydromedusae) of Russian seas. St. Petersburg University Press, St. Petersburg, 860 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FCD0F94DFC65F94D" author="Park" box="[799,917,1700,1725]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Park, J. H. (1997) Four athecate hydroids from Korean waters. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 13, 83 - 92." type="journal article" year="1997">Park 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as conspecific or likely conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FA4BF94CFEF7F911" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FA4BF94CFEF7F911" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R. fusiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FED8F92EFDFDF911" box="[279,525,1735,1760]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FED8F92EFDFDF911" box="[279,525,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rhizogeton fusiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FD87F920FD5CF911" box="[584,684,1735,1760]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nudus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FD87F920FD5CF911" box="[584,684,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R. nudus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have long been maintained as distinct species (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FAC8F921FA67F911" author="Kramp" box="[1287,1431,1736,1760]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1911) Report on the hydroids collected by the Danmark Expedition at north-east Greenland. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 45, 341 - 396." type="journal article" year="1911">Kramp 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Dons 1012;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FEEFF905FE5DF8F5" author="Calder" box="[288,429,1772,1797]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Calder, D. R. (1972) Some athecate hydroids from the shelf waters of northern Canada. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 29, 217 - 228." type="journal article" year="1972">Calder 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FE77F905FD0AF8F4" author="Antsulevich" box="[440,762,1772,1797]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Antsulevich, A. E. & Polteva, D. G. (1986) Gidroidy roda Rhizogeton (Athecata, Clavidae) v faune SSSR. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 65, 965 - 972." type="journal article" year="1986">Antsulevich & Polteva 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FCC9F905FC38F8F5" author="Stepanjants" box="[774,968,1772,1797]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Stepanjants, S. (1989) Hydrozoa of the Eurasian Arctic seas. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic seas. Climatology, oceanography, geology, and biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, pp. 397 - 430." type="book chapter" year="1989">Stepanjants 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FC1BF905FB63F8F5" author="Schuchert" box="[980,1171,1772,1797]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Schuchert, P. (2001 a) Hydroids of Greenland and Iceland (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Meddelelser om GrOnland, Bioscience, 53, 1 - 184." type="journal article" year="2001" yearSuffix="a">Schuchert 2001a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FB51F905FB29F8F5" author="Schuchert" box="[1182,1241,1772,1796]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111, 315 - 369." type="journal article" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FB2BF905FAEFF8F5" author="Schuchert" box="[1252,1311,1772,1796]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Schuchert, P. (2012) North-west European athecate hydroids and their medusae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, 59, 1 - 364." type="journal article" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FAE4F905FEE6F8D9" author="Ronowicz" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Ronowicz, M., Wlodarska-Kowalczuk, M. & Kuklinski, P. (2013) Depth- and substrate-related patterns of species richness and distribution of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) in Arctic coastal waters (Svalbard). Marine Ecology, 34 (Supplement 1), 165 - 176." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Ronowicz
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FF58F8F8FF3AF8D9" box="[151,202,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FEEBF8E6FE1EF8D9" author="Antsulevich" box="[292,494,1807,1832]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Antsulevich, A. E. (2015) Hydrozoa (hydroids and hydromedusae) of Russian seas. St. Petersburg University Press, St. Petersburg, 860 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="2015">Antsulevich 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) even though there is little to separate them morphologically. If the conclusion of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FF58F8DDFEEBF8BD" author="Park" box="[151,283,1844,1869]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Park, J. H. (1997) Four athecate hydroids from Korean waters. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 13, 83 - 92." type="journal article" year="1997">Park (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is correct that they are conspecific, the range of the species would be extended well beyond the western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF8334938FF95FF58F8BEFF28F881" box="[151,216,1879,1904]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">North</collectingRegion>
|
||
Atlantic. Meanwhile, a record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FDBCF8B0FCF7F881" box="[627,775,1880,1904]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FDBCF8B0FCF7F881" box="[627,775,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R. fusiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in European waters by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FBE4F8B1FB2AF881" author="Browne" box="[1067,1242,1880,1904]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Browne, E. T. (1897) The hydroids of Valencia Harbour, Ireland. Irish Naturalist, 6, 241 - 246." type="journal article" year="1897">Browne (1897)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was thought by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FF58F895FEAFF865" author="Schuchert" box="[151,351,1916,1941]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111, 315 - 369." type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to have been based on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FD46F894FD02F864" box="[649,754,1916,1941]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nudus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FD46F894FD02F864" box="[649,754,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R. nudus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
instead.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FCACF895FBDBF865" author="Schuchert" box="[867,1067,1916,1941]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Schuchert, P. (2012) North-west European athecate hydroids and their medusae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, 59, 1 - 364." type="journal article" year="2012">Schuchert (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FB6AF894FAFEF864" box="[1189,1294,1916,1941]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nudus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FB6AF894FAFEF864" box="[1189,1294,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R. nudus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FA4BF894FEF7F849" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FA4BF894FEF7F849" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R. fusiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in his guidebook on north-west European athecate hydroids. As for the specific name of the former species, it has been spelled in the literature as both
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FD1FF82DFCECF82C" box="[720,796,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">nudum</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524938FF95FC9DF82DFC65F82C" box="[850,917,1988,2013]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nudus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34938FF95FC9DF82DFC65F82C" box="[850,917,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">nudus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FC6CF82CFBDFF82D" author="Dons" box="[931,1071,1988,2012]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Dons, C. (1912) Hydroid-Bemerkungen. I. Rhizogeton nudus Broch und Halecium curvicaule Lorenz neu fur die Fauna Norwegens. TromsO Museums Aarshefter, 34, 51 - 70." type="journal article" year="1912">Dons (1912)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204938FF95FBAAF82DFAD6F82D" author="Schuchert" box="[1125,1318,1988,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111, 315 - 369." type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that the latter is nomenclaturally correct because this Latin adjective must agree in gender with the masculine generic name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524939FF94FF15FF55FEA8FF24" box="[218,344,188,213]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34939FF94FF15FF55FEA8FF24" box="[218,344,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rhizogeton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ICZN Art. 31.2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D14939FF94FF08FF36FE05FE3E" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Advances in the classification of hydrozoans are currently being made through application of molecular methods. One early hypothesis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204939FF94FDC8FEEDFCF9FEED" author="Cartwright" box="[519,777,260,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Cartwright, P., Evans, N. M., Dunn, C. W., Marques, A. C., Miglietta, M. P., Schuchert, P. & Collins, A. G. (2008) Phylogenetics of Hydroidolina (Hydrozoa: Cnidaria). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 88, 1663 - 1672." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Cartwright
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34939FF94FD43FEECFD4FFEEC" box="[652,703,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) has included the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524939FF94FBE7FEEDFB56FEEC" box="[1064,1190,260,285]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34939FF94FBE7FEEDFB56FEEC" box="[1064,1190,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rhizogeton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within Gonoproxima
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204939FF94FF58FECEFE66FEB1" author="Cartwright" box="[151,406,295,320]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Cartwright, P., Evans, N. M., Dunn, C. W., Marques, A. C., Miglietta, M. P., Schuchert, P. & Collins, A. G. (2008) Phylogenetics of Hydroidolina (Hydrozoa: Cnidaria). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 88, 1663 - 1672." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Cartwright
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34939FF94FED6FEC0FEBBFEB1" box="[281,331,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204939FF94FE6CFEC1FE5FFECE" author="Cartwright" box="[419,431,296,319]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Cartwright, P., Evans, N. M., Dunn, C. W., Marques, A. C., Miglietta, M. P., Schuchert, P. & Collins, A. G. (2008) Phylogenetics of Hydroidolina (Hydrozoa: Cnidaria). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 88, 1663 - 1672." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
group of Filifera in which gonophores arise from hydrocauli, pedicels, or stolons rather than from hydranths. That clade was said to comprise
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524939FF94FCFBFEA4FBAAFE94" authority="Allman, 1859b" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1859" box="[820,1114,332,357]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Dicoryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34939FF94FCFBFEA4FC6CFE95" box="[820,924,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dicoryne</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204939FF94FC64FEA5FBAAFE94" author="Allman" box="[939,1114,332,357]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Allman, G. J. (1859 b) Notes on the hydroid zoophytes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 4, 367 - 370." type="journal article" year="1859" yearSuffix="b">Allman, 1859b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
together with the families
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524939FF94FF58FE86FE02FE79" authority="Lutken, 1850" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,498,367,392]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">
|
||
Bougainvilliidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204939FF94FE96FE86FE02FE79" author="Lutken" box="[345,498,367,392]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Lutken, C. (1850) Nogle bemaerkninger om medusernes systematiske inddeling, navnlig med hensyn til Forbes's history of Brittish naked-eyed medusae. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i Kjobenhavn, 1850, 15 - 35." type="journal article" year="1850">Lütken, 1850</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524939FF94FE31FE86FCA4FE79" authority="Eschscholtz, 1829" authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1829" box="[510,852,367,392]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">
|
||
Oceaniidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204939FF94FD4BFE86FCA4FE79" author="Eschscholtz" box="[644,852,367,392]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Eschscholtz, F. (1829) System der Acalephen. Eine ausfurliche Beschreibung aller medusenartigen Strahltiere. Ferdinand Dummler, Berlin, 190 pp." type="book" year="1829">Eschscholtz, 1829</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524939FF94FCAFFE86FB71FE79" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[864,1153,367,392]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pandeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">
|
||
Pandeidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204939FF94FC14FE86FB71FE79" author="Haeckel" box="[987,1153,367,392]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Haeckel, E. (1879) Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena, 1, 1 - 360." type="journal article" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524939FF94FB72FE86FF22FE5C" authority="Russell, 1953" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1953" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rathkeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">
|
||
Rathkeidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204939FF94FA8CFE86FF22FE5C" author="Russell" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Russell, F. S. (1953) The medusae of the British Isles. Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae, Limnomedusae, Trachymedusae and Narcomedusae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 530 pp." type="book" year="1953">Russell, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524939FF94FF13FE7DFE54FE5C" box="[220,420,404,429]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nudus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34939FF94FF13FE7DFE54FE5C" box="[220,420,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rhizogeton nudus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was included amongst a total of 110 taxa of Hydrozoa in the analysis. Molecular work has yet to be done on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D524939FF94FE90FE50FE1EFE21" box="[351,494,440,464]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34939FF94FE90FE50FE1EFE21" box="[351,494,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">R. fusiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D14939FF94FF08FE35FDADFDE9" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34939FF94FF08FE35FE2CFE04" bold="true" box="[199,476,476,501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Recorded distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Bay of Fundy, mentioned without data: Bay of Fundy (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204939FF94FB46FE35FA7FFE05" author="Linkletter" box="[1161,1423,476,501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Linkletter, L. E., Lord, E. I. & Dadswell, M. J. (1977) A checklist of marine fauna and flora of the Bay of Fundy. Huntsman Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, New Brunswick, 68 pp." type="book" year="1977">
|
||
Linkletter
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAC34939FF94FAC8FE34FACDFE04" box="[1287,1341,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1977
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Passamaquoddy Bay, NB (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204939FF94FE0EFE16FDA1FDE9" author="Calder" box="[449,593,511,536]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Calder, D. R. (2010) Some anthoathecate hydroids and limnopolyps (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Hawaiian archipelago. Zootaxa, 2590, 1 - 91." type="journal article" year="2010">Calder 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D14939FF94FF08FDCCFAB0FDCC" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,608]" box="[199,1344,548,573]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF8334939FF94FEEDFDCDFE94FDCC" box="[290,356,548,573]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">North</collectingRegion>
|
||
America: Newfoundland (reported herein) to Nahant,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAF8334939FF94FC09FDCDFB98FDCC" box="[966,1128,548,573]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B204939FF94FBB7FDCDFAC3FDCC" author="Agassiz" box="[1144,1331,548,573]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">L. Agassiz 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136D14939FF94FF08FDAEFBBFFD91" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,608]" box="[199,1103,583,608]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Worldwide: As above, and possibly extending to the northwestern North Pacific.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |