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<document id="379B13F71A05CAED805E9D74093E9A55" ID-CLB-Dataset="22317" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2013.52" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a6540f8d-3339-4120-a443-0ff7abecd6c8" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3814424" ID-ZooBank="4FFA63DB-C2AC-4732-9D28-B5B007F28F5F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588882417983" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Peña-Santiago, Reyes, Ciobanu, Marcel &amp; Abolafia, Joaquin" docDate="2013" docId="03A6D2333230FF85FD8273FDFEC85106" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2013-52.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 52" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pungentus marietani Altherr 1950" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FF9FAA4B3239FF8EFFCA724AFFD15516" masterDocTitle="Characterization of Iberian species of the genus Pungentus Thorne &amp; Swanger, 1936 (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Nordiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="17" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1698838976842" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="5432E1F8E07275396320F34911367C9E">Characterization of Iberian species of the genus Pungentus Thorne &amp; Swanger, 1936 (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Nordiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="410C058A0D9DFC1E324A57D3C5AB9B24">Peña-Santiago, Reyes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CC32B5DA628138C2BC6F4947215FFE04">Ciobanu, Marcel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="980B615F9CEBD70840D446E15615A45F">Abolafia, Joaquin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="393DD0F4C2E418018E4A8BA66700FF27">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C31530AE3230FF87FD8273FDFC3D54C7" box="[584,1004,438,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB063253230FF87FD8273FDFC3D54C7" blockId="9.[584,1004,438,500]" box="[584,1004,438,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="D0F8D4493230FF87FD8273FDFC3D54C7" box="[584,1004,438,465]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63230FF87FD8273FDFC3D54C7" authority="Altherr, 1950" authorityName="Altherr" authorityYear="1950" box="[584,1004,438,465]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Pungentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="marietani">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373230FF87FD8273FDFC9654C6" bold="true" box="[584,839,438,465]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pungentus marietani</emphasis>
Altherr, 1950
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C31530AE3230FF87FD1C7393FCB454E2" box="[726,869,473,500]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB063253230FF87FD1C7393FCB454E2" blockId="9.[584,1004,438,500]" box="[726,869,473,500]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<figureCitation id="13347FA03230FF87FD1C7393FCCB54E2" box="[726,794,473,500]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[251,1358,269,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[225,1377,244,1841]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Iberian Pungentus species. A-C. Pungentus clavatus Ahmad &amp; Jairajpuri, 1979. D-H. Pungentus engadinensis (Altherr, 1950). I-K. Pungentus marietani Altherr, 1950. L-N. Pungentus silvestris Coomans &amp; Geraert, 1962. A, D, I, L. ♀, anterior region in lateral median view. B, E, J, M. ♀, genital system. C, G, K, N. ♀, posterior body region. F. ♂, posterior body region. H. ♀, caudal region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814426/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 1</figureCitation>
I-K, 5
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31530AE3230FF87FF77706FFC915729" box="[189,832,549,575]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB063253230FF87FF77706FFC915729" blockId="9.[189,832,549,575]" box="[189,832,549,575]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1F440B3230FF87FF77706FFC915729" box="[189,832,549,575]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<treatmentCitation id="0AAE45343230FF87FF77706FFD055729" author="Vinciguerra M. T. &amp; Giannetto L." box="[189,724,549,575]" page="49" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1984">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63230FF87FF77706FFD055729" authority="Vinciguerra &amp; Giannetto, 1984: 49" authorityName="Vinciguerra &amp; Giannetto" authorityPageNumber="49" authorityYear="1984" box="[189,724,549,575]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Pungentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373230FF87FF77706FFEE15729" box="[189,304,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. alpinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43230FF87FEF2706FFD055729" author="Vinciguerra M. T. &amp; Giannetto L." box="[312,724,549,575]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="49 - 54" refId="ref8165" refString="Vinciguerra M. T. &amp; Giannetto L. 1984. Two new species of Pungentus (Dorylaimida, Nematoda) from pasture soils of Alps. Animalia 11: 49 - 54." type="journal article" year="1984">Vinciguerra &amp; Giannetto, 1984: 49</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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, figs 1-3.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C31530AE3230FF87FF77702CFD685674" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB063253230FF87FF77702CFEE75796" blockId="9.[189,310,614,640]" box="[189,310,614,640]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="D0F8D4493230FF87FF77702CFEE75796" bold="true" box="[189,310,614,640]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373230FF87FF77702CFEE75796" bold="true" box="[189,310,614,640]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB063253230FF87FF7770DFFD685674" blockId="9.[189,1399,660,867]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
This species is distinguishable by the length of its body (
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), the lip region being offset by a constriction and 11-15 μm wide, an odontostyle being 22-28 μm long and 1.9-2.3 times lip region width or 1.5-2.1% of total body length, neck length of 320-337 μm, a pharyngeal expansion 130-176 μm long or 39-43% of total neck length, a didelphic-amphidelphic female genital system, a uterus being tripartite and
<quantity id="4CF7CEC03230FF87FF3B716BFEB7562A" box="[241,358,801,828]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="5.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="62.0" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="56.0">56-68 µm</quantity>
long or 1.4-1.6 times the body diameter,
<emphasis id="B97BBF373230FF87FC907168FCBD562D" box="[858,876,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">V</emphasis>
= 42-52, and the female tail being rounded conoid (19-26 μm,
<emphasis id="B97BBF373230FF87FE557103FE7D5674" box="[415,428,841,866]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">c</emphasis>
= 52-74,
<emphasis id="B97BBF373230FF87FDD47102FDE45674" box="[542,565,840,866]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">c</emphasis>
= 0.7-1.0).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31530AE3230FF87FF7771C3FC6656C4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB063253230FF87FF7771C3FE7B56B5" blockId="9.[189,426,905,931]" box="[189,426,905,931]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="D0F8D4493230FF87FF7771C3FE7B56B5" bold="true" box="[189,426,905,931]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373230FF87FF7771C3FE7B56B5" bold="true" box="[189,426,905,931]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB063253230FF87FF7771F2FC6656C4" blockId="9.[189,951,952,978]" box="[189,951,952,978]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Five females from one location, in various states of preservation.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31530AE3230FF85FF7771B3FEE8545E" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB063253230FF87FF7771B3FE505105" blockId="9.[189,385,1017,1043]" box="[189,385,1017,1043]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="D0F8D4493230FF87FF7771B3FE505105" bold="true" box="[189,385,1017,1043]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373230FF87FF7771B3FE505105" bold="true" box="[189,385,1017,1043]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Morphometrics</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB063253230FF87FF777662FE9D5154" blockId="9.[189,332,1064,1090]" box="[189,332,1064,1090]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
See
<tableCitation id="C68D569E3230FF87FF247662FE975154" box="[238,326,1064,1090]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[189,258,268,294]" captionTargetId="graphics@2.[189,1401,350,1181]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1. Morphometrics of Iberian populations of the genus Pungentus Thorne &amp; Swanger, 1936. Measurements in μm (except L, in mm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7033AD323BFF8CFF777346FD46545F" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" tableUuid="DF7033AD323BFF8CFF777346FD46545F">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB063253230FF87FF777623FE9F5195" blockId="9.[189,334,1129,1155]" box="[189,334,1129,1155]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="D0F8D4493230FF87FF777623FE9F5195" bold="true" box="[189,334,1129,1155]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373230FF87FF777623FE9F5195" bold="true" box="[189,334,1129,1155]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB063253230FF87FF2076D2FE9451A4" blockId="9.[189,1399,1176,2012]" box="[234,325,1176,1202]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373230FF87FF2076D2FE9451A4" bold="true" box="[234,325,1176,1202]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB063253230FF84FF7776F1FC285774" blockId="9.[189,1399,1176,2012]" lastBlockId="10.[189,1399,267,611]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Moderately slender to slender nematodes of medium size,
<quantity id="4CF7CEC03230FF87FC4A76F1FBF951C0" box="[896,1064,1211,1238]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.355" metricValueMax="1.56" metricValueMin="1.15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="1.355" valueMax="1.56" valueMin="1.15">1.15-1.56 mm</quantity>
long. Habitus after fixation ventrally curved, especially in the posterior body region, C- or G-shaped. Body cylindrical, tapering towards the anterior end. Cuticle three-layered, especially perceptible at the tail, 1.5-2.5 μm thick in anterior region, 2.0-2.5 μm at mid-body and 4.0-5.0 μm on dorsal side of tail; outer layer with very fine transverse striation, intermediate layer thicker than the outer and inner layers. Lateral chord 5.5-7.0 µm wide or occupying 12-19% of mid-body diameter, very granular, but lacking any differentiation. Lateral pores comparatively coarse, in two rows at the margins of lateral chord; ventral pores well perceptible along entire body (
<figureCitation id="13347FA03230FF87FE5777FBFE2B50DD" box="[413,506,1457,1483]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[251,1358,269,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[225,1377,244,1841]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Iberian Pungentus species. A-C. Pungentus clavatus Ahmad &amp; Jairajpuri, 1979. D-H. Pungentus engadinensis (Altherr, 1950). I-K. Pungentus marietani Altherr, 1950. L-N. Pungentus silvestris Coomans &amp; Geraert, 1962. A, D, I, L. ♀, anterior region in lateral median view. B, E, J, M. ♀, genital system. C, G, K, N. ♀, posterior body region. F. ♂, posterior body region. H. ♀, caudal region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814426/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 1K</figureCitation>
), apparently connecting with sub-epidermal gland bodies. Lip region offset by constriction, 2.4-2.5 times as wide as high and
<emphasis id="B97BBF373230FF87FCED779FFC9B50F8" box="[807,842,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ca.</emphasis>
one-third (28-35%) of body diameter at neck base. Lips moderately angular and separate; labial and cephalic papillae distinct, but not especially protruding above cephalic contour. Amphid fovea cup-shaped, opening at level of cephalic constriction, occupying 6.5 μm or about one-half (52%) of lip region diameter. Cheilostome almost cylindrical, its walls distinctly thick and sclerotized at the anterior half; perioral refractive dots or platelets very prominent. Odontostyle 10.0-12.5 times as long as wide, 1.8-2.3 times longer than lip region diameter or 1.5-2.1% of total body length; aperture 3.0-5.0 μm long or 14-19% of its length. Odontophore rodlike, almost equal (0.9-1.1 times) to odontostyle. Guiding ring double, located at 15-16 μm or 1.2-1.5 times the lip region diameter from anterior end. Pharynx enlarging gradually; basal expansion 5.7-7.1 times as long as wide and 2.9-3.7 times the corresponding body diameter long, occupying about twofifths (39-43%) of total neck length. Pharyngeal gland nuclei located as follows: DO = 52, DN = 56- 61, S
<subScript id="178B61603230FF87FF317520FED5526E" attach="right" box="[251,260,1898,1912]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1</subScript>
N
<subScript id="178B61603230FF87FED27520FEF0526E" attach="left" box="[280,289,1898,1912]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1</subScript>
= 77, S
<subScript id="178B61603230FF87FE4C7520FE5E526E" attach="right" box="[390,399,1898,1912]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1</subScript>
N
<subScript id="178B61603230FF87FE697520FE7D526E" attach="left" box="[419,428,1898,1912]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2</subScript>
= 79, S
<subScript id="178B61603230FF87FDDE7520FDCC526E" attach="both" box="[532,541,1898,1912]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2</subScript>
N = 87-90. Nerve ring at 120-128 μm from anterior end or 38% of total neck length. Cardia rounded conoid, 7-9 x 10-14 μm. Genital system didelphic-amphidelphic, with both branches well and equally developed, the anterior 169-182, the posterior 144-210 μm long. Ovaries 43- 162 μm long; oocytes first in two or more rows, then in one row. Oviduct 82-118 μm long, or 2.2-2.9 times the body diameter, consisting of a slender portion with prismatic cells and a moderately developed
<emphasis id="B97BBF373233FF84FF777365FE8D545F" box="[189,348,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">pars dilatata.</emphasis>
Oviduct-uterus junction marked by a distinct sphincter. Uterus
<quantity id="4CF7CEC03233FF84FB817364FB6E545F" box="[1099,1215,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="5.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="62.0" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="56.0">56-68 µm</quantity>
long or 1.4-1.6 times the body diameter, apparently tripartite,
<emphasis id="B97BBF373233FF84FD117319FD2E547A" box="[731,767,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">i.e.</emphasis>
, consisting of a proximal section with thick walls and distinct lumen, an intermediate narrowing, and a spheroid
<emphasis id="B97BBF373233FF84FCAF733CFBE85499" box="[869,1081,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">pars dilatata uteri</emphasis>
. Vagina extending inwards 18-22 μm or about one-half (44-59%) of body diameter;
<emphasis id="B97BBF373233FF84FC8773D3FBD554A4" box="[845,1028,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">pars proximalis</emphasis>
almost as long as wide, 13-18 x 12-16 μm, with convergent walls and enveloped by weak circular musculature;
<emphasis id="B97BBF373233FF84FB9773F6FAC154C3" box="[1117,1296,443,469]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">pars refringens</emphasis>
not very distinct in the females examined, but two pieces might be present;
<emphasis id="B97BBF373233FF84FC077395FB8F54EF" box="[973,1118,479,505]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">pars distalis</emphasis>
5.5-7.0 μm long. Vulva a pre-equatorial, short transverse slit, which is preceded by a depression of body surface. Prerectum 2.9- 4.2, rectum 0.9-1.1 anal body diameters long. Tail short and rounded conoid, somewhat more straight ventrally. Caudal pores two pairs, subdorsal, at the anterior half of tail.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7033AD3233FF84FF7175C0FAF152FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814434" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3814434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814434/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[187,230,1930,1956]" targetBox="[187,1396,663,1889]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BB063253233FF84FF7175C0FAF152FD" blockId="10.[187,1399,1929,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373233FF84FF7175C0FED852B2" bold="true" box="[187,265,1930,1956]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63233FF84FEDB75C1FD7D52B2" authority="Altherr, 1950" authorityName="Altherr" authorityYear="1950" box="[273,684,1929,1956]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Pungentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="marietani">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373233FF84FEDB75C1FDD752B2" box="[273,518,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pungentus marietani</emphasis>
Altherr, 1950
</taxonomicName>
(♀, LM).
<emphasis id="B97BBF373233FF84FCED75C0FC8A52B2" bold="true" box="[807,859,1930,1956]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A-C</emphasis>
. Anterior region in median view.
<emphasis id="B97BBF373233FF84FB2275C0FB2C52B2" bold="true" box="[1256,1277,1930,1956]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">D</emphasis>
. Posterior genital branch.
<emphasis id="B97BBF373233FF84FEBF75E7FE5852D1" bold="true" box="[373,393,1965,1991]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E</emphasis>
. Posterior body region.
<emphasis id="B97BBF373233FF84FD6775E7FD6E52D1" bold="true" box="[685,703,1965,1991]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">F</emphasis>
. Phayngeal expansion.
<emphasis id="B97BBF373233FF84FC1075E7FC2052D1" bold="true" box="[986,1009,1965,1991]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G</emphasis>
. Phayngo-intestinal junction.
<emphasis id="B97BBF373233FF84FA9275E7FABE52D1" bold="true" box="[1368,1391,1965,1991]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">H</emphasis>
. Vagina.
<emphasis id="B97BBF373233FF84FED6759AFE9152FC" bold="true" box="[284,320,2000,2026]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">I-J</emphasis>
. Caudal region. (Scale bars: A, C, D, G, J = 20 µm; B, H, I = 10 µm; E, F = 50 µm)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB063253232FF85FF207341FEFB5433" blockId="11.[189,313,267,328]" box="[234,298,267,293]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373232FF85FF207341FEFB5433" bold="true" box="[234,298,267,293]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB063253232FF85FF777364FEE8545E" blockId="11.[189,313,267,328]" box="[189,313,302,328]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31530AE3232FF85FF777325FABE54E8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB063253232FF85FF777325FE87549F" blockId="11.[189,342,367,393]" box="[189,342,367,393]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="D0F8D4493232FF85FF777325FE87549F" bold="true" box="[189,342,367,393]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373232FF85FF777325FE87549F" bold="true" box="[189,342,367,393]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB063253232FF85FF7773D4FABE54E8" blockId="11.[189,1398,414,511]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
This species was collected from one location in the southern Iberian Peninsula: the province of
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53232FF85FAC673D4FAA354AE" box="[1292,1394,414,440]" name="Grenada" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Granada</collectingCountry>
, Sierra Nevada National Park, near road to Veleta summit (
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B05E23232FF85FC44738BFC3F54CA" box="[910,1006,449,476]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="7" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="37.116665">37°7 N</geoCoordinate>
-
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B05E23232FF85FBC5738BFBA854CA" box="[1039,1145,449,476]" degrees="3" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="-3.5333333">3°32 W</geoCoordinate>
), in association with Mediterranean brushwood
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63232FF85FE3373AFFBA454E9" authority="(Linnaeus, 1753) Boissier 1840" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1840" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" box="[505,1141,484,511]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Retama" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sphaerocarpa">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373232FF85FE3373AFFD2D54E8" box="[505,764,484,510]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Retama sphaerocarpa</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1753) Boissier 1840
</taxonomicName>
as dominant species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31530AE3232FF85FF77706CFEC85106" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB063253232FF85FF77706CFEFE5756" blockId="11.[189,303,550,576]" box="[189,303,550,576]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="D0F8D4493232FF85FF77706CFEFE5756" bold="true" box="[189,303,550,576]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373232FF85FF77706CFEFE5756" bold="true" box="[189,303,550,576]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB063253232FF85FF77701EFAA757CE" blockId="11.[189,1399,596,729]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
The specimens from the Iberian population of this species are nearly identical to those of the
<typeStatus id="54B4DD873232FF85FAF3701FFAA65779" box="[1337,1399,597,623]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">types</typeStatus>
as described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43232FF85FEB67032FDE55784" author="Altherr E." box="[380,564,631,658]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="90 - 103" refId="ref7098" refString="Altherr E. 1950 a. De quelques nematodes des garides valaisannes. Extrait du Bulletin de la &quot; Murithienne &quot; 67: 90 - 103." type="journal article" year="1950">Altherr (1950a)</bibRefCitation>
as well as to the
<typeStatus id="54B4DD873232FF85FCCC7032FCE85784" box="[774,825,632,658]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
material of
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63232FF85FC067033FF2B57A3" authority="Vinciguerra &amp; Giannetto, 1984" authorityName="Vinciguerra &amp; Giannetto" authorityYear="1984" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Pungentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373232FF85FC067033FB915784" box="[972,1088,632,658]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. alpinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43232FF85FB837032FF2B57A3" author="Vinciguerra M. T. &amp; Giannetto L." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="49 - 54" refId="ref8165" refString="Vinciguerra M. T. &amp; Giannetto L. 1984. Two new species of Pungentus (Dorylaimida, Nematoda) from pasture soils of Alps. Animalia 11: 49 - 54." type="journal article" year="1984">Vinciguerra &amp; Giannetto, 1984</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, the latter regarded as a junior synonym by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43232FF85FCC770D1FBD457A3" author="Ahmad W. &amp; Sturhan D. &amp; Vinciguerra M. T." box="[781,1029,667,693]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="63 - 68" refId="ref7053" refString="Ahmad W., Sturhan D. &amp; Vinciguerra M. T. 2000. Notes on the identity of Pungentus alpinus Vinciguerra &amp; Giannetto, 1984 (Dorylaimida: Nordiidae). Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics 3: 63 - 68." type="journal article" year="2000">
Ahmad
<emphasis id="B97BBF373232FF85FCA770D6FC7857A3" box="[877,937,667,693]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
. Some morphological features, for instance the nature of the cuticle and the female genital system, are more accurately described here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB063253232FF85FF77714AFEC85106" blockId="11.[189,1399,767,1040]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63232FF85FF77714AFE69560F" authorityName="Altherr" authorityYear="1950" box="[189,440,768,793]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Pungentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="marietani">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373232FF85FF77714AFE69560F" box="[189,440,768,793]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pungentus marietani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is certainly another widely distributed species in Europe, where it has been reported from
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53232FF85FEBA7169FE0C562B" box="[368,477,803,829]" name="Germany" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Germany</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43232FF85FE3A7169FD0E562B" author="Ahmad W. &amp; Sturhan D. &amp; Vinciguerra M. T." box="[496,735,803,829]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="63 - 68" refId="ref7053" refString="Ahmad W., Sturhan D. &amp; Vinciguerra M. T. 2000. Notes on the identity of Pungentus alpinus Vinciguerra &amp; Giannetto, 1984 (Dorylaimida: Nordiidae). Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics 3: 63 - 68." type="journal article" year="2000">
Ahmad
<emphasis id="B97BBF373232FF85FD9F716EFD45562B" box="[597,660,803,829]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53232FF85FD3D7169FCFC562B" box="[759,813,803,829]" name="Italy" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43232FF85FC8B7169FB69562B" author="Vinciguerra M. T. &amp; Giannetto L." box="[833,1208,803,829]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="49 - 54" refId="ref8165" refString="Vinciguerra M. T. &amp; Giannetto L. 1984. Two new species of Pungentus (Dorylaimida, Nematoda) from pasture soils of Alps. Animalia 11: 49 - 54." type="journal article" year="1984">Vinciguerra &amp; Giannetto 1984</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63232FF85FB24716EFAB4562B" authorityName="Vinciguerra &amp; Giannetto" authorityYear="1984" box="[1262,1381,803,829]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Pungentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373232FF85FB24716EFAB4562B" box="[1262,1381,803,829]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. alpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53232FF85FF77710CFEDF5676" box="[189,270,838,864]" name="Poland" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Poland</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43232FF85FED5710CFE135676" author="Brzeski M." box="[287,450,838,864]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="441 - 461" refId="ref7432" refString="Brzeski M. 1963. [Nematoden (Nematoda) des Stadtparks in Skierniewice. I. Erdnematoden]. Fragmenta Faunistica 10: 441 - 461. (In Polish)" type="journal article" year="1963">Brzeski 1963</bibRefCitation>
; Wasilewska 1967;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43232FF85FD64710CFBC25676" author="Winiszewska-Slipinska G." box="[686,1043,838,864]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="321 - 330" refId="ref8270" refString="Winiszewska-Slipinska G. 1987 a. [Species of the genus Pungentus Thorne et Swanger (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) occurring in Poland.] Fragmenta Faunistica 30: 321 - 330. (In Polish)" type="journal article" year="1987">Winiszewska-Slipinska 1987a</bibRefCitation>
, b, but see comments below),
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53232FF85FF777123FE985695" box="[189,329,873,899]" name="Switzerland" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43232FF85FE907123FDD55692" author="Altherr E." box="[346,516,873,900]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="90 - 103" refId="ref7098" refString="Altherr E. 1950 a. De quelques nematodes des garides valaisannes. Extrait du Bulletin de la &quot; Murithienne &quot; 67: 90 - 103." type="journal article" year="1950">Altherr 1950a</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53232FF85FD837123FCD45695" box="[585,773,873,899]" name="Netherlands" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43232FF85FCDC7123FC115695" author="Bongers T." box="[790,960,873,899]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref7415" refString="Bongers T. 1988. De nematoden van Nederland. Koninklijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging, Utrecht." type="book" year="1988">Bongers 1988</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63232FF85FC3B7120FBB75695" authorityName="Vinciguerra &amp; Giannetto" authorityYear="1984" box="[1009,1126,873,899]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Pungentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373232FF85FC3B7120FBB75695" box="[1009,1126,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. alpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Besides,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43232FF85FB267123FEDA56B1" author="Vinciguerra M. T." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="392 - 467" refId="ref8111" refString="Vinciguerra M. T. 2006. Chapter 15. Dorylaimida Part II: Superfamily Dorylaimoidea. In: Eyualem A., Andrassy I. &amp; Traunspurger W. (eds) Freshwater Nematodes: Ecology and Taxonomy: 392 - 467. Ed. CAB International, Wallingford (UK)." type="book chapter" year="2006">Vinciguerra (2006)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned its occurrence in
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53232FF85FDA271C6FD6756B0" box="[616,694,908,934]" name="Serbia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Serbia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53232FF85FD0971C6FCFC56B0" box="[707,813,908,934]" name="Slovakia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53232FF85FCF071C6FC6D56B0" box="[826,956,908,934]" name="Macedonia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Macedonia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53232FF85FC3371C6FB8456B0" box="[1017,1109,908,934]" name="Canada" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Canada</collectingCountry>
. The true identity of the specimens studied by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43232FF85FE7771E5FCE156DC" author="Winiszewska-Slipinska G." box="[445,816,943,970]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="321 - 330" refId="ref8270" refString="Winiszewska-Slipinska G. 1987 a. [Species of the genus Pungentus Thorne et Swanger (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) occurring in Poland.] Fragmenta Faunistica 30: 321 - 330. (In Polish)" type="journal article" year="1987">Winiszewska-Slipinska (1987a)</bibRefCitation>
remains uncertain, because of their larger general size: body
<quantity id="4CF7CEC03232FF85FEF07198FE1356FB" box="[314,450,978,1005]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.5">1.5-1.9 mm</quantity>
long (n=27) and odontostyle
<quantity id="4CF7CEC03232FF85FCD37199FC5F56FB" box="[793,910,979,1005]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="29.5" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="28.0">28-31 µm</quantity>
; this material probably belongs to another species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>