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<document id="D3518D21504076505CAAE141EFF5880A" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276876" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a52c737b-5f8e-48ab-a98a-d3d7aa3b8d44" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276876" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1460242194602" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis &amp; Medianero, Enrique" docDate="2011" docId="03A487F3FFFCC604FF2A6481FE0BEE14" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02774p047.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2774" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Synergus luteus Nieves-Aldrey &amp; Medianero, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FF9DFF8BFFF2C60BFFBD6707FFA3EA1B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini)" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1736183869750" updateUser="guilherme">
<mods:mods id="3F2BD8B0720AE3AB104C75601D25C0F7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="F9129E94FB05C6BF20B6F01119237085">
<mods:title id="1D1DA1879C4B3593651DEC59C1B664E5">Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="6C70643200244CDC36A51A4F926AE3DE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="615EBB5A193D909C7F837751A6098B23">
<mods:roleTerm id="FA53B1923A965475EB4DAFDF9327FE44">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A67DB18A495D10C520A0A6CA070D3EF4">Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6B58C33F804052EB1C5B28AB4CBEA993" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4EA22798E9E8A850BF0C05B93FD71546">
<mods:roleTerm id="4C55C53CEEBB7D085D60277F8593840B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A4ADA8A610086829ACA1BB02482D248C">Medianero, Enrique</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="1A5D50C73139C932B49F335E1B63249E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="CD65A0B69DB6EB1B888CBBE622EBF8B8" type="host">
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<mods:title id="919A5490E13240DF96A0B463FD5AB046">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="6BD2287FDE7794A39786C082F36AC01F">
<mods:date id="4A5CED63502CF5FDD4F20A8B005EAF55">2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="8C089DCE8CC04CF591296727F66A0D27" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="782BED1E8F821581E8B4A1C9148C95DF">2011-02-24</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="F37F7CDA81E9E40E2CF7A56AC0642C20" type="volume">
<mods:number id="CE32A07438AF41823B5143251A2965F7">2774</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="BA7C63990DDA3F81E0DACF6F5608072C">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="810FC59310C6AAB43C3C53CDFB44A7CB">47</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="B43ACEB38D84959720A8A069144A93F0">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="FDB53F82A2CFD4C301FEB922A4D4A2CE" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.276876</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D9051EFF16E1157EB94CBDDEC2091E1A" type="GBIF-Dataset">a52c737b-5f8e-48ab-a98a-d3d7aa3b8d44</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DB82FB3AD14E6FE6AC9703F25A41F0A6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A22471A70FD1726638BCCBAFFEE2D782" type="Zenodo-Dep">276876</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03A487F3FFFCC604FF2A6481FE0BEE14" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6189374" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119389903" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6189374" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487F3FFFCC604FF2A6481FE0BEE14" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487F3FFFCC604FF2A6481FE0BEE14" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" scope_family="Cynipidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFCC605FF2A6481FC99E9DA" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFCC605FF2A6481FC87E9BB" blockId="14.[151,826,902,961]" box="[151,804,902,928]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="D0FA8189FFFCC605FF2A6481FC87E9BB" bold="true" box="[151,804,902,928]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFCC605FF2A6481FC87E9BB" bold="true" box="[151,804,902,928]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFCC605FF2A6481FD1CE9BB" authority="Nieves-Aldrey &amp; Medianero" authorityName="Nieves-Aldrey &amp; Medianero" box="[151,703,902,928]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFCC605FF2A6481FEF4E9BB" bold="true" box="[151,343,902,928]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Synergus luteus</emphasis>
Nieves-Aldrey &amp; Medianero
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A578CFFFCC605FD7B6481FC87E9BB" box="[710,804,902,928]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFCC605FF2A64AEFC99E9DA" blockId="14.[151,826,902,961]" box="[151,826,937,961]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
(
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFCC605FF2264AEFF4EE9DA" box="[159,237,937,961]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1897]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 2. Head anterior view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli. (B) Synergus chiricanus. (C) Synergus baruensis. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus luteus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276878/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
F, 4E, 5G, 6E, 9B, 11E, 14D, 15D, 16E,
<date id="FFB31025FFFCC605FD1264AEFD75E9DA" box="[687,726,937,961]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1917-01">17I</date>
, 20F–G)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFCC605FF2A64EBFB9CEEAC" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFCC605FF2A64EBFBF8EE8F" blockId="14.[151,1437,1003,2037]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFCC605FF2A64EBFEE4EE1F" bold="true" box="[151,327,1003,1028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFCC605FF2A64EBFF73EE1F" box="[151,208,1004,1028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFCC605FEED64EBFE1BEE1F" box="[336,440,1004,1028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
̩ (in Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid,
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFFCC605FB8764EBFBD9EE1F" box="[1082,1146,1004,1028]" name="Spain" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Spain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE20FFFCC605FB3764EBFB47EE1F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[1162,1252,1004,1028]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MNCN</collectionCode>
), card-mounted. Cat. nº 2102).
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFFCC605FE866317FE16EE33" box="[315,437,1040,1064]" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
, Chiriquí, Volcan Barú, Rio Seco 8º 47' 54 05” N, 82º 30' 32 05” W,
<quantity id="4CF59B00FFFCC605FB716308FA87EE3C" box="[1228,1316,1039,1063]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.447" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="2447.0">2447 m</quantity>
; ex gall of
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFCC605FF2A6333FEBDEE57" box="[151,286,1076,1100]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFCC605FF2A6333FF5DEE57" box="[151,254,1076,1100]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Loxaulus</taxonomicName>
sp
</emphasis>
on
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFCC605FEF66332FD1DEE57" box="[331,702,1076,1100]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bumelioides">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFCC605FEF66332FD9BEE57" box="[331,568,1076,1100]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Quercus bumelioides</emphasis>
(Fagaceae)
</taxonomicName>
, gall collected
<date id="FFB31025FFFCC605FCD46333FC47EE57" box="[873,996,1076,1100]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2008-11-26">26.xi.2008</date>
, E. Medianero leg.
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFCC605FB7E6332FA96EE56" box="[1219,1333,1077,1101]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 23, 5̩, same data as
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFCC605FE946350FE2CEE74" box="[297,399,1111,1135]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; 13, 1̩, same data as
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFCC605FD306350FD51EE74" box="[653,754,1111,1135]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, but collected at
<quantity id="4CF59B00FFFCC605FC116350FBAAEE74" box="[940,1033,1111,1135]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.87" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="2870.0">2,870 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFB31025FFFCC605FBA96350FB3BEE74" box="[1044,1176,1111,1135]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2008-12-22">22.xii.2008</date>
. Seven
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFCC605FB51635FFAFBEE6B" box="[1260,1368,1112,1136]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in the
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE20FFFCC605FF2A637BFF4DEE8F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[151,238,1148,1172]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MNCN</collectionCode>
, two
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFCC605FE97637AFE36EE8E" box="[298,405,1149,1173]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFFCC605FC2E637BFC4FEE8F" box="[915,1004,1148,1172]" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Panamá</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE20FFFCC605FC46637BFBECEE8F" box="[1019,1103,1148,1172]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MEUP</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFCC605FF2A6398FB9CEEAC" blockId="14.[151,1437,1003,2037]" box="[151,1087,1183,1209]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
1̩
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFCC605FF7C63A7FE81EEA3" box="[193,290,1184,1208]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of the
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFCC605FED263A7FE3CEEA3" box="[367,415,1184,1208]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
series was dissected for SEM observations (in the
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE20FFFCC605FC676398FB90EEAC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[986,1075,1183,1207]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MNCN</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFCC605FF7A63C3FB8FEEC7" box="[199,1068,1220,1244]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFCC605FF7A63C3FB8FEEC7" blockId="14.[151,1437,1003,2037]" box="[199,1068,1220,1244]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFCC605FF7A63C3FEE5EEC7" bold="true" box="[199,326,1220,1244]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Etymology</emphasis>
. Named after the predominantly yellow coloration of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFCC605FF7A63E0FAA6EF94" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFCC605FF7A63E0FAA6EF94" blockId="14.[151,1437,1003,2037]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFCC605FF7A63E0FE58EEE4" bold="true" box="[199,507,1255,1280]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis and comments.</emphasis>
Closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFCC605FD6563EFFC74EF1B" box="[728,983,1256,1280]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombianus">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFCC605FD6563EFFC74EF1B" box="[728,983,1256,1280]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Synergus colombianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFCC605FBAF63EFFB4CEF1B" box="[1042,1263,1256,1280]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baruensis">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFCC605FBAF63EFFB4CEF1B" box="[1042,1263,1256,1280]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Synergus baruensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFCC605FE8E620AFE7DEF3F" box="[307,478,1292,1316]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombianus">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFCC605FE8E620AFE7DEF3F" box="[307,478,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. colombianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the F1 being longer than F
<quantity id="4CF59B00FFFCC605FC8C620BFCFFEF3F" box="[817,860,1292,1316]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
the female antenna and not strongly expanded dorsally in male antenna, in addition to its predominantly yellow coloration. Compared to
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFCC605FB276237FA84EF53" box="[1178,1319,1328,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baruensis">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFCC605FB276237FA84EF53" box="[1178,1319,1328,1352]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. baruensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFCC605FA846237FA3FEF53" box="[1337,1436,1328,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFCC605FA846237FA3FEF53" box="[1337,1436,1328,1352]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. luteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in its coloration, in the weaker and more branched frontal carinae, the stronger transverse sculpture of the mesoscutum, the expanded genae and the metasomal 2+3 terguites being visibly punctate posteriorly.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFCC604FF7A629CFAC4E947" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFCC605FF7A629CFA91EFAF" blockId="14.[151,1437,1003,2037]" box="[199,1330,1435,1460]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFCC605FF7A629CFEFAEFAF" bold="true" box="[199,345,1435,1460]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Description.</emphasis>
Body
<quantity id="4CF59B00FFFCC605FE1E629BFE5AEFAF" box="[419,505,1436,1460]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
(range 2.45–3; N = 5) for females; 2.05 (range 1.9–2.2; N = 2) for males.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFCC605FF7A62B8FCDDEC97" blockId="14.[151,1437,1003,2037]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Female (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFCC605FE9762B8FEDCEFCC" box="[298,383,1471,1495]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1050]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1436,193,1051]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 20. Habitus of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli, female. (B) Synergus gabrieli, male. (C) Synergus chiricanus, female. (D) Synergus baruensis, female. (E) Synergus baruensis, male. (F) Synergus luteus, female. (G) Synergus luteus, male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276896/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
F). Head yellow red, the ocelar triangle, the occiput, around the occipital foramen, and tip of mandibles black. Antennae yellow. Mesosoma predominantly yellow red; the margin anterolateral of pronotum, anterior part of anteromedial signa, ventral area of mesopleuron, metanotum and propodeum black. Metasoma yellowish red, dorsally black. Legs yellow, excepting the metatarsomeres slightly darkened. Forewing hyaline, veins pale yellow. Male (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFCC605FECF6157FE66EC73" box="[370,453,1616,1640]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1050]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1436,193,1051]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 20. Habitus of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli, female. (B) Synergus gabrieli, male. (C) Synergus chiricanus, female. (D) Synergus baruensis, female. (E) Synergus baruensis, male. (F) Synergus luteus, female. (G) Synergus luteus, male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276896/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
G) similar to female but black coloration more extended on frons and vertex medially, the entire mesonotum and the metasoma, excepting its apical area.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFCC605FF7A619FFE3EEDB7" blockId="14.[151,1437,1003,2037]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFCC605FF7A619FFEBDECAB" bold="true" box="[199,286,1688,1712]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Female</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFCC605FE89619FFE24ECAB" box="[308,391,1688,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1050]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1436,193,1051]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 20. Habitus of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli, female. (B) Synergus gabrieli, male. (C) Synergus chiricanus, female. (D) Synergus baruensis, female. (E) Synergus baruensis, male. (F) Synergus luteus, female. (G) Synergus luteus, male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276896/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
F). Head in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFCC605FD25619FFD79ECAB" box="[664,730,1688,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1822,1845]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1801]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 4. Head dorsal view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus ibericus. (B) Synergus nicaraguensis. (C) Synergus chiricanus. (D) Synergus gabrieli. (E) Synergus luteus. (F) Synergus baruensis. (G) Synergus rufinotaulis, male. (H) Synergus rufinotaulis, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276880/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
E) 2 times as wide as long. POL 1.3 times OOL, posterior ocellus separated from inner orbit of eye by 1.3 times its diameter. Head in anterior view (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFCC605FB2261BBFB45ECCF" box="[1183,1254,1724,1748]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1897]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 2. Head anterior view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli. (B) Synergus chiricanus. (C) Synergus baruensis. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus luteus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276878/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
F) more or less rounded, 1.2 times as wide as high, genae slightly expanded behind eyes. Facial carinae strong, regular, reaching toruli and internal margin of eyes, slightly branched near compound eyes, medially in face the carinae arriving close to ventral margin of toruli. Ventral margin of clypeus slightly projected over mandibles. Malar space 0.6 as long as height of compound eye. Toruli size and relative separation as in their closely allied species. Frontal carinae branched and diffuse close lateral ocelli. Frons coriarious-punctate; vertex and dorsal area of occiput coriariouspunctate (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFCC605FEB86093FEF1EDB7" box="[261,338,1940,1964]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1897]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 2. Head anterior view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli. (B) Synergus chiricanus. (C) Synergus baruensis. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus luteus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276878/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
F, 4E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFCC605FF7A60BFFA3FEDEF" blockId="14.[151,1437,1003,2037]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Female antenna with 14 segments (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFCC605FDF260BFFD33EDCB" box="[591,656,1976,2000]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[166,1429,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[166,1431,147,1946]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 5. Female antennae of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Agastoroxenia panamensis. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus colombianus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus baruensis. (G) Synergus luteus. (H) Synergus mesoamericanus. (I) Synergus chiricanus (J) Synergus elegans. (K) Synergus rufinotaulis. (L) Synergus gabrieli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276881/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
G); flagellum filiform not broadened towards apex; relative lengths of antennal segments: 20:11:29:22:23:24:21:20:16:15:15:12:12:24; pedicel 1.3 as long as wide; F1 1.3 as long as F2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFDC604FF2A6790FDFCEACF" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Male antenna with 15 segments; distal half slighty broadened; F1 curvated medially and slightly expanded apically; F1 2 times as long as F2 (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFDC604FE4667BBFD9CEACF" box="[507,575,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1731,1754]" captionTargetBox="[191,1394,181,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[191,1395,181,1710]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male antennae of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Agastoroxenia panamensis. (B) Synergus elegans. (C) Synergus nicaraguensis. (D) Synergus chiricanus. (E) Synergus luteus. (F) Synergus gabrieli. (G) Synergus ramoni. (H) Synergus mesoamericanus. (I) Synergus colombianus. (J) Synergus baruensis. (K) Synergus rufinotaulis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276882/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFDC604FF7A67E7FE0EEBD4" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Mesosoma. Pronotum without lateral pronotal carina, laterally with coriarious-striate sculpture. Mesoscutum moderately pubescent, with strong horizontal, closely spaced, striate sculpture (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFDC604FBF56603FB31EB07" box="[1096,1170,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1619,1642]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1598]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1598]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 9. Mesosoma dorsal view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli. (B) Synergus luteus. (C) Synergus baruensis. (D) Synergus chiricanus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276885/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
B). Notauli percurrent, slightly converging posteriorly; notauli slightly broadened posteriorly, being wider than width of transscutal fissure. Median mesoscutal impression not impressed. Scutellar foveae ellipsoidal, shallow, slightly rugose, separated anteriorly by a narrow septum. Scutellum not margined, with horizontal, irregular, rugose sculpture. Mesopleuron (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFDC604FF226693FF4DEBB7" box="[159,238,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1803,1826]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,171,1783]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 11. Mesosoma lateral view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus nicaraguensis. (B) Synergus chiricanus. (C) Synergus gabrieli. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus luteus. (F) Synergus baruensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276887/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
E) with close spaced, regular, horizontal striae, extended also on the speculum, the interspaces without visible coriarious sculpture.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFDC604FF7A66DBFE64E80C" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lateral propodeal carinae distinct, broad, rather convergent posteriorly. Median propodeal area smooth and pubescenct. Nucha sulcate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFDC604FF7A6522FAE3E827" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1039]" box="[199,1344,548,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Legs. Tarsal claw with secondary acute tooth large, measuring 1/2 of length of apical tooth (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFDC604FB736523FABCE827" box="[1230,1311,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1268,1291]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1246]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,193,1247]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 16. Metatarsal claws of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus ramoni. (C) Synergus nicaraguensis. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus luteus. (F) Synergus gabrieli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276892/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFDC604FF7A6540FB7DE8BC" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Forewing (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFDC604FEFF6540FE35E844" box="[322,406,583,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,145,1945]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 17. Forewing of Synergus species: (A) Synergus laticephalus. (B) Synergus elegans. (C) Synergus ramoni (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus rufinotaulis. (G) Synergus gabrieli. (H) Synergus chiricanus. (I) Synergus luteus. (J) Synergus baruensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276893/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Fig.
<date id="FFB31025FFFDC604FEC56540FE35E844" box="[376,406,583,607]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1917-01">17</date>
</figureCitation>
I). Radial cell long, about 3.2 times as long as wide. R1 slightly depigmented along margin of radial cell, the radial cell appearing ambiguously closed; areolet inconspicuous but visible; vein Rs+M quite pale, but visible. Basal cell sparsely pubescent. Apical margin of wing with a long fringe of setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFDC604FF7A65B2FAC4E947" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Metasoma (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFDC604FEF665B3FE3EE8D7" box="[331,413,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1212,1235]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1190]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,193,1191]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 14. Metasoma lateral view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli. (B) Synergus chiricanus. (C) Synergus baruensis. (D) Synergus luteus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276890/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
D). First metasomal tergum longitudinally sulcate dorsally. Metasomal tergum T2+3 fused, covering almost all the metasoma, smooth and shining, micropunctures present, forming a band on posterior one third of metasomal terguite. Anterolateral pubescence forming a group of about 7 setae. Projecting part of the hypopygial spine clearly expanded beyond attachment with sternite (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFDC604FC246418FC56E92C" box="[921,1013,799,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1212,1235]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1190]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,193,1191]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 14. Metasoma lateral view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli. (B) Synergus chiricanus. (C) Synergus baruensis. (D) Synergus luteus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276890/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 14</figureCitation>
D, 15D); lateral pubescence of hipopigial spine conspicuous and closely spaced; apical setae of hypopigial spine not projecting beyond apex spine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFDC604FF7A6460FBACE99B" box="[199,1039,871,896]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFDC604FF7A6460FBACE99B" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1039]" box="[199,1039,871,896]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFDC604FF7A6460FEC3E99B" bold="true" box="[199,352,871,896]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known from the Volcán Barú area, Chiriqui region,
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFFDC604FC12646EFBA8E99B" box="[943,1035,873,896]" name="Panama" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Panama</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFDC604FF7A648CFE0BEE14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFDC604FF7A648CFE0BEE14" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFDC604FF7A648CFE84E9BF" bold="true" box="[199,295,907,932]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Biology.</emphasis>
This new species inhabits galls of an undescribed species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFDC604FBBC648BFBCBE9BF" box="[1025,1128,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFDC604FBBC648BFBCBE9BF" box="[1025,1128,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Loxaulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFDC604FB33648AFB56E9BF" box="[1166,1269,909,932]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFDC604FB33648AFB56E9BF" box="[1166,1269,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bassettia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genera (Medianero &amp; Nieves-Aldrey in prep.). The host galls consist of small swellings, which are sometimes inconspicuous, on twigs or small branches of
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFDC604FE7B64D2FD19E9F7" box="[454,698,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFDC604FE7B64D2FD15E9F7" box="[454,694,980,1004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bumelioides">Quercus bumelioides</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The host galls are, thus, integral non-detachable, plurilocular and often cryptic (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFDC604FE8964F0FE2AEE14" box="[308,393,1015,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,177,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[151,1436,177,1861]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 22. Host galls of Synergus species from Panama: (A) unidentified cynipid genus on twigs of Quercus salicifolia, (B) undescribed species of Loxaulus or Bassettia genera on Quercus bumelioides, (C) gall of an unidentified genus, (D) Cynips sp. nov., (E) Neuroterus sp. nov., (F) Cynips sp. nov., (G) unidentified cynipid genus on Quercus salicifolia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276898/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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