231 lines
27 KiB
XML
231 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="B7106F4CB06BC400CEDAC290CB5D4A16" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.190995" ID-GBIF-Dataset="56e001e0-0476-4a4c-ad55-7c610deac4e0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="190995" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461122538263" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schmitz, Patrick & Rubinoff, Daniel" docDate="2009" docId="03A487C2313DFFFCFF25FF5D2F98FE4F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02272p053.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2272" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Hyposmocoma kikokolu Schmitz and Rubinoff, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="FF9DFFBA3136FFF0FFB2FFCA2E26FFD5" masterDocTitle="New species of Hyposmocoma (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae) from the remote Northwestern Hawaiian Islands of Laysan, Necker, and Nihoa" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1698596186386" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="00F81FE4E56A3B496E43745B330727D6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="47B8757472AC05886E624904D097B798">
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<mods:title id="2D2EFBB8CAF9D176AF2BDC1CA495A6CF">New species of Hyposmocoma (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae) from the remote Northwestern Hawaiian Islands of Laysan, Necker, and Nihoa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="1F0440011031C8D255E5967C5A10FB1A" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="AC97D396432FBEC1D7A102A0EDED9F46">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E2F50B23E194083B016CC0B51C1A2BBF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="4C1D22060BAF454B04190D57D668AA32">Schmitz, Patrick</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="E9EEA2A799FEC600B8996C3AEA417C80" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="6864373C3EFEE25129402E49C377BF4B">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CE1E5090EF4D905CEB7338FAEBDE78B4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="254A62BF4F4EC0B3FC88AAD8807EA415">Rubinoff, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F260D203D2CD8CAEA3EFB7815679B3DA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="D1660BEB90630EF353E15BA7F30372AE" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3D8EB3A98784D29FA12457CACB0145AE">
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<mods:title id="5A723A5D3D8621C831B136AA7830B15F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="9147B667230D204DF13C02C6B2DFAB7C">
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<mods:date id="F7B04F4428928C21F1F7B451E8ACB3F7">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C12E1D7E4612307D1F0E4F7739CEE7B5" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="6F3AF0957F0D95BE4DA820DF7FC53FE0">2272</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="0F94071319523BCB487A84BCC197F8D2" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="9B50671C525FB94529382AE222EBAC02">37</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="74A2301ADC3B6DE6B269D8B4EC98006E">53</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="1491F07ED01512D663643FCEC68AF564">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="34EAC49C921957C7AF909ED39C1CB3B0" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.190995</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2632C615573AE82F192187BDED2B8190" type="GBIF-Dataset">56e001e0-0476-4a4c-ad55-7c610deac4e0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8C741D6E9AE0A7F4EEDE55907F94EDEF" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="711DD9B3D7C8B34C13CA91567DEF87C3" type="Zenodo-Dep">190995</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03A487C2313DFFFCFF25FF5D2F98FE4F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6214811" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119625825" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6214811" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487C2313DFFFCFF25FF5D2F98FE4F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487C2313DFFFCFF25FF5D2F98FE4F" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
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<subSubSection id="C317655F313DFFFBFF25FF5D2DD4FF64" box="[151,1010,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB236D4313DFFFBFF25FF5D2DD4FF64" blockId="11.[151,1010,151,177]" box="[151,1010,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
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<heading id="D0FA81B8313DFFFBFF25FF5D2DD4FF64" bold="true" box="[151,1010,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B979EAC6313DFFFBFF25FF5D2DD4FF64" bold="true" box="[151,1010,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D57313DFFFBFF25FF5D2CF1FF64" authority="Schmitz and Rubinoff" authorityName="Schmitz and Rubinoff" box="[151,727,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kikokolu" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B979EAC6313DFFFBFF25FF5D2F9DFF64" bold="true" box="[151,443,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Hyposmocoma kikokolu</emphasis>
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Schmitz and Rubinoff
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57BD313DFFFBFD56FF5D2D67FF64" box="[740,833,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="13362A51313DFFFBFCFBFF5D2DBDFF64" box="[841,923,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1525,1549]" captionTargetBox="[222,1354,186,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,177,1507]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Holotypes of Hyposmocoma spp., adult males. 1. H. laysanensis; 2. H. ekemamao; 3. H. opuumaloo; 4. H. mokumana; 5. H. nihoa; 6. H. kikokolu; 7. H. menehune; 8. H. papahanau." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190996/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13362A51313DFFFBFC1BFF5D2DEEFF64" box="[937,968,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1738,1762]" captionText="FIGURE 17. Male genitalia of Hyposmocoma kikokolu. A. Tegumen (slide PS 129), lateral aspect; B. Sclerotized hook on abdominal segment VII (slide PS 129), ventral aspect; C. Valvae with phallus (slide PS 141), ventral aspect." pageId="11" pageNumber="48">17</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13362A51313DFFFBFC67FF5D2DD4FF64" box="[981,1010,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 26" captionStartId="14.[151,273,1438,1462]" captionTargetBox="[282,1308,217,1402]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[234,1353,194,1414]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 26. Female genitalia of Hyposmocoma spp., ventral aspect 20. H. laysanensis (slide PS 124); 21. H. ekemamao (slide PS 139); 22. H. opuumaloo (slide PS 134); 23. H. mokumana (slide PS 126); 24. H. nihoa (slide PS 133); 25. H. kikokolu (slide PS 127); 26. H. menehune (slide PS 136)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191002/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">25</figureCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C317655F313DFFFBFF25FF2A2ACDFDE5" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB236D4313DFFFBFF25FF2A2ACDFDE5" blockId="11.[151,1437,224,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="B979EAC6313DFFFBFF25FF2A2C31FF2F" bold="true" box="[151,535,224,250]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
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Material examined.
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<typeStatus id="54B68876313DFFFBFE12FF2A2C31FF2F" box="[416,535,224,250]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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ɗ: [1] ‘H[
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<collectionCode id="ED1CAE11313DFFFBFD24FF2B2CD4FF2E" box="[662,754,225,251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">AWAI</collectionCode>
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]I:
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D57313DFFFBFCA3FF2B2D79FF2E" box="[785,863,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nihoa">Nihoa</taxonomicName>
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, Miller Canyon | “cone” case,
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<date id="FFB31014313DFFFBFB6FFF2B2B13FF2E" box="[1245,1333,225,251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" value="1917-07">VII-17</date>
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-[20]07 | em[ergence].
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<date id="FFB31014313DFFFBFEF6FEC22FA5FEF7" box="[324,387,264,290]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">IX-5</date>
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-[20]07, #DR07G6 |
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<emphasis id="B979EAC6313DFFFBFD34FEC22CFEFEF4" box="[646,728,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">leg[it]</emphasis>
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. D[aniel]. Rubinoff, J[esse]. Eiben’; [2] ‘
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<typeStatus id="54B68876313DFFFBFB57FEC22BA8FEF7" box="[1253,1422,264,290]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D57313DFFFBFF25FEE42F6CFE9D" box="[151,330,302,328]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hyposmocoma</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D57313DFFFBFED2FEE42FECFE9D" box="[352,458,302,328]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kikokolu">kikokolu</taxonomicName>
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| Schmitz and Rubinoff’. Specimen in perfect condition. Deposited in the
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<collectionCode id="ED1CAE11313DFFFBFAF7FEE42BBEFE9D" box="[1349,1432,302,328]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">UHIM</collectionCode>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54B68876313DFFFBFF25FE9F2F30FEBA" box="[151,278,341,367]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" type="paratype">
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<emphasis id="B979EAC6313DFFFBFF25FE9F2F30FEBA" bold="true" box="[151,278,341,367]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Paratypes</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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: 6 ɗ, 7 Ψ from
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D57313DFFFBFE64FE9F2C39FEBA" box="[470,543,341,367]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nihoa">Nihoa</taxonomicName>
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Island, Hawaii,
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7644313DFFFBFD57FE9F2D03FEBA" box="[741,805,341,367]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">USA</collectingCountry>
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: 2 ɗ, 4 Ψ, with same data as
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<typeStatus id="54B68876313DFFFBFB31FE9F2ACDFEBA" box="[1155,1259,341,367]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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except date of emergence:
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<date id="FFB31014313DFFFBFE97FEB62FA2FE43" box="[293,388,380,406]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" value="1922-08">VIII-22</date>
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-[20]07 (1 ɗ, 1 Ψ),
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<date id="FFB31014313DFFFBFDD1FEB62CC2FE43" box="[611,740,380,406]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" value="1927-08-07">VIII-27-07</date>
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(1 Ψ),
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<date id="FFB31014313DFFFBFC9FFEB62DA9FE43" box="[813,911,380,406]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" value="2007-09-02">IX-2-07</date>
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(1 Ψ dissected, slide PS128),
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<date id="FFB31014313DFFFBFB43FEB62B76FE43" box="[1265,1360,380,406]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" value="2007-09-04">IX-4-07</date>
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(1 Ψ),
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<date id="FFB31014313DFFFBFF25FE682F23FE69" box="[151,261,418,444]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" value="1913-09-07">IX-13-07</date>
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(1 ɗ, dissected, slide PS130); 3 ɗ, 3 Ψ, with same data as
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<typeStatus id="54B68876313DFFFBFC7AFE682A16FE69" box="[968,1072,418,444]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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except date of emergence and rearing log number:
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<date id="FFB31014313DFFFBFE3AFE032C2DFE36" box="[392,523,457,483]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" value="1928-08-07">VIII-28-07</date>
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, #DR07G9 (1 ɗ, dissected, slide PS141);
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<date id="FFB31014313DFFFBFC49FE032A7AFE36" box="[1019,1116,457,483]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" value="2007-09-04">IX-4-07</date>
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, #DR07G2 (1 ɗ);
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<date id="FFB31014313DFFFBFA84FE032BB1FE36" box="[1334,1431,457,483]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" value="2007-09-07">IX-7-07</date>
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, #DR07G9 (1 ɗ);
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<date id="FFB31014313DFFFBFED9FE3A2FF9FDDF" box="[363,479,496,522]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" value="1910-09-07">IX-10-07</date>
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, #DR07G2 (1 ɗ, dissected, slide PS129; 1 Ψ, dissected, slide PS127);
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<date id="FFB31014313DFFFBFA8FFE3A2BB1FDDF" box="[1341,1431,496,522]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" value="2007-10-05">X-5-07</date>
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, #DR07G2 (1 Ψ);
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<date id="FFB31014313DFFFBFED1FDDC2FEEFDE5" box="[355,456,534,560]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" value="1911-10-07">X-11-07</date>
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, #DR07G9 (1 Ψ). Deposited in
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<collectionCode id="ED1CAE11313DFFFBFC89FDDC2DA9FDE5" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[827,911,534,560]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">BPBM</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED1CAE11313DFFFBFC29FDDC2DD2FDE5" box="[923,1012,534,560]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">MHNG</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED1CAE11313DFFFBFBB2FDDC2A77FDE5" box="[1024,1105,534,560]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">UHIM</collectionCode>
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, and
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<collectionCode id="ED1CAE11313DFFFBFB3CFDDC2AC1FDE5" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1166,1255,534,560]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">USNM</collectionCode>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317655F313DFFFBFF74FDF72ABAFD1E" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB236D4313DFFFBFF74FDF72ABAFD1E" blockId="11.[151,1437,224,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="B979EAC6313DFFFBFF74FDF72F60FD82" bold="true" box="[198,326,573,599]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D57313DFFFBFEE7FDF72C50FD83" box="[341,630,573,598]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kikokolu">
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<emphasis id="B979EAC6313DFFFBFEE7FDF72C50FD83" box="[341,630,573,598]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Hyposmocoma kikokolu</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a mostly uniform grayish-brown species. Based on external characters
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D57313DFFFBFEA9FDAE2F8EFDA8" box="[283,424,612,637]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kikokolu">
|
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<emphasis id="B979EAC6313DFFFBFEA9FDAE2F8EFDA8" box="[283,424,612,637]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">H. kikokolu</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be separated from the closest looking species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D57313DFFFBFB92FDAE2AE7FDA8" box="[1056,1217,612,637]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menehune">
|
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<emphasis id="B979EAC6313DFFFBFB92FDAE2AE7FDA8" box="[1056,1217,612,637]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">H. menehune</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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, by its larger size (wingspan between 8.0 and 10.0 mm vs 7.2 and
|
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<quantity id="4CF59B31313DFFFBFD61FD402D17FD71" box="[723,817,650,676]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="7.4">7.4 mm</quantity>
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), and the thinner sclerotized hook in males. The two species are also allopatric. The genitalia are diagnosed in the treatment of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D57313DFFFBFC49FD7B2AB0FD1F" box="[1019,1174,689,714]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menehune">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAC6313DFFFBFC49FD7B2AB0FD1F" box="[1019,1174,689,714]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">H. menehune</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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.
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C317655F313DFFFBFF74FD1D2F61F812" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236D4313DFFFBFF74FD1D2C5FFA7F" blockId="11.[151,1437,224,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAC6313DFFFBFF74FD1D2F82FD24" bold="true" box="[198,420,727,753]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Description. Male</emphasis>
|
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(n=6) (
|
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<figureCitation id="13362A51313DFFFBFE4FFD122C69FD27" box="[509,591,728,754]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1525,1549]" captionTargetBox="[222,1354,186,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,177,1507]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Holotypes of Hyposmocoma spp., adult males. 1. H. laysanensis; 2. H. ekemamao; 3. H. opuumaloo; 4. H. mokumana; 5. H. nihoa; 6. H. kikokolu; 7. H. menehune; 8. H. papahanau." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190996/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A51313DFFFBFDEFFD122C5BFD27" box="[605,637,728,754]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1738,1762]" captionText="FIGURE 17. Male genitalia of Hyposmocoma kikokolu. A. Tegumen (slide PS 129), lateral aspect; B. Sclerotized hook on abdominal segment VII (slide PS 129), ventral aspect; C. Valvae with phallus (slide PS 141), ventral aspect." pageId="11" pageNumber="48">17</figureCitation>
|
||
). Wingspan 8.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B31313DFFFBFCF1FD122D8DFD27" box="[835,939,728,754]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="10.2">10.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B68876313DFFFBFC08FD122A0BFD27" box="[954,1069,728,754]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B31313DFFFBFB8AFD122AB0FD27" box="[1080,1174,728,754]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Head mostly grayish brown with dark-brown scales on each side, and beige to reddish-brown scales around eyes, with few, if any, reddish-brown and off-white scales on base of occiput; larger smooth grayish-brown to whitish-brown scales on vertex, replaced on the frons by smaller off-white scales. Base of haustellum with off-white scales. Maxillary palpus reduced. Labial palpus slender and recurved with off-white scales ventrally and dark brown scales dorsally. Antennal flagellum dark gray with apical off-white ring on first 5–12 flagellomeres; scape dark gray with off-white scales ventrally and forming ring apically, antennal pecten present with row of 5 or 6 thin setae. Thorax mostly dark brown, with some grayish-brown scales on lateral margins; tegulae with a mixture of grayish-brown and dark-brown scales; metascutellum silver gray. Foreleg dark brown with offwhite ring at middle and apex of tibia, and apex of tarsomeres I, II, and V. Midleg as foreleg, spurs off-white. Hindleg as midleg, but more grayish brown and with off-white rings at apex of tarsomeres I–V. Forewing base dark brown otherwise wing mostly covered with grayish-brown-tipped off-white scales; dark brown markings as pair of oblong spots medially, disconnected from each, with most basal spot below other, and more or less conspicuous small spot postmedially on midline; off-white markings as small notch subapically on costa and another opposite on inner margin. Hindwing and fringe uniformly silver-gray. Subcostal brush absent. Abdomen dorsally silver-gray; ventrally off-white, with tuft of long off-white scales on each side of genitalia. Sclerotized hook of segment VII elongate, very slightly curved, large basally and narrowing apically to acute apex arising from thin sclerotized ring. Genital flaps membranous, rounded, large, and thin, arising on both sides at apex of sclerotized sternum VIII.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236D4313DFFFBFF77FA7C2B06FA05" blockId="11.[151,1437,224,2030]" box="[197,1312,1462,1488]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAC6313DFFFBFF77FA7C2F51FA05" bold="true" box="[197,375,1462,1488]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(n=2) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A51313DFFFBFE62FA7C2C00FA05" box="[464,550,1462,1488]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1738,1762]" captionText="FIGURE 17. Male genitalia of Hyposmocoma kikokolu. A. Tegumen (slide PS 129), lateral aspect; B. Sclerotized hook on abdominal segment VII (slide PS 129), ventral aspect; C. Valvae with phallus (slide PS 141), ventral aspect." pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
). As for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D57313DFFFBFD3FFA7D2D13FA05" box="[653,821,1463,1488]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opuumaloo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAC6313DFFFBFD3FFA7D2D13FA05" box="[653,821,1463,1488]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">H. opuumaloo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except for bulbous anellus lobes at apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236D4313DFFFBFF74FA172D80F991" blockId="11.[151,1437,224,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAC6313DFFFBFF74FA172F04FA22" bold="true" box="[198,290,1501,1527]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(n=7). Wingspan 9.0–10.0 mm. Frenulum with 3 acanthae. Antennae slightly thinner than that of male. Head, labial palpus, and thorax darker; metascutellum and first abdominal segment dark brown; ground color of forewing more dark gray. Otherwise externally like males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236D4313DFFFBFF74F99A2D23F886" blockId="11.[151,1437,224,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAC6313DFFFBFF74F99A2FB3F9BF" bold="true" box="[198,405,1616,1642]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(n=2) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A51313DFFFBFE40F99B2C6DF9BE" box="[498,587,1617,1643]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 26" captionStartId="14.[151,273,1438,1462]" captionTargetBox="[282,1308,217,1402]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[234,1353,194,1414]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 26. Female genitalia of Hyposmocoma spp., ventral aspect 20. H. laysanensis (slide PS 124); 21. H. ekemamao (slide PS 139); 22. H. opuumaloo (slide PS 134); 23. H. mokumana (slide PS 126); 24. H. nihoa (slide PS 133); 25. H. kikokolu (slide PS 127); 26. H. menehune (slide PS 136)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191002/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
). Papillae anales short. Anterior apophyses straight with slight angle at base; posterior apophyses thin and straight, about 2.5 X length of anterior apophyses. Ostium bursae heavily sclerotized and very large, externally protruding, snailshell shaped curled to the left, with broad base. Ductus bursae long and of small girth. Corpus bursae oval and elongate, with light scobination; signum absent. Inception of ductus seminalis very enlarged, cylindrical, situated at posterior end of corpus bursae. Apical margin of tergum VIII with broad U-shaped emargination medially forming a bowl encompassing ostium bursae with patches of dense scales situated laterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236D4313DFFFBFF74F8952F61F812" blockId="11.[151,1437,224,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAC6313DFFFBFF74F8952F7EF8AC" bold="true" box="[198,344,1887,1913]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Larval case</emphasis>
|
||
(n=318). Cone-shaped, 6.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B31313DFFFBFD1FF8AA2D21F8AF" box="[685,775,1888,1914]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="8.7">8.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, small and thin, decorated with beige, brown, and black sand grains; operculum of case covered with small pebbles; background color ranging from gray to grayish brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C317655F313DFFFBFF74F8192B6DF83B" box="[198,1355,2003,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236D4313DFFFBFF74F8192B6DF83B" blockId="11.[151,1437,224,2030]" box="[198,1355,2003,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAC6313DFFFBFF74F8192F75F838" bold="true" box="[198,339,2003,2029]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From the Hawaiian
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAC6313DFFFBFDF6F81E2C53F838" box="[580,629,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">kiko</emphasis>
|
||
, spot, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAC6313DFFFBFD46F81E2D00F838" box="[756,806,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">kolu</emphasis>
|
||
, three, referring to the pattern of the forewing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C317655F313AFFFCFF77FF5D2D59FF2A" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236D4313AFFFCFF77FF5D2D59FF2A" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,410]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAC6313AFFFCFF77FF5D2F0FFF64" bold="true" box="[197,297,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
All adults were reared from case-making larvae. Larvae were collected on the ground during the day on the island of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D57313AFFFCFE30FF742FECFF0D" box="[386,458,190,216]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nihoa">Nihoa</taxonomicName>
|
||
in July. As noted, most cone-cased
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D57313AFFFCFCDBFF752A31FF0D" box="[873,1047,191,216]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAC6313AFFFCFCDBFF752A31FF0D" box="[873,1047,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Hyposmocoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the main Hawaiian Islands are aquatic (Rubinoff 2008), but streams do not exist in the NWHI.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C317655F313AFFFCFF77FEC12F98FE4F" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236D4313AFFFCFF77FEC12F98FE4F" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,410]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAC6313AFFFCFF77FEC12F43FEF0" bold="true" box="[197,357,267,293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from the NWHI of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D57313AFFFCFD5AFEC62D15FEF3" box="[744,819,268,294]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nihoa">Nihoa</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where it is presumed to be endemic.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAC6313AFFFCFF77FEF82F64FE99" bold="true" box="[197,322,306,332]" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species may represent the new species 28 of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B25313AFFFCFC01FEF82A80FE99" author="Zimmerman" box="[947,1190,306,332]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978) Microlepidoptera. In: Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, collected on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D57313AFFFCFAE0FEF82BBAFE99" box="[1362,1436,306,332]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nihoa">Nihoa</taxonomicName>
|
||
Island, based on characters such as absence of subcostal brush, presence of sclerotized hook, male genitalia, and thornlike larval case.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |