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<mods:title id="9C9865A844EAB5696E7F1160F61F71CF">Taxonomic Revision of the Spider Genus Actinopus Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Actinopodidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8F50B1694E184E11051B68D9A0396F04">Miglio, Laura Tavares</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0A1F12C5DBEDDA5E5A391853C401D6EE">Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coordenação de Zoologia, Laboratório de Aracnologia, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Cep: 66077 - 830, Belém, Pará, Brazil. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9101 - 8657,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="2794407DCE3A0C71A26165D61CC73718">Facultad de Ciencias, Sección Entomología, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay. ® myga @ fcien. edu. uy, https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4367 - 6276</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="F4F326805E84D1112FB139DA95661DB9">Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coordenação de Zoologia, Laboratório de Aracnologia, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Cep: 66077 - 830, Belém, Pará, Brazil. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9101 - 8657,</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF74CEA4FCD5FBF8DF41386D" bold="true" box="[810,1042,1064,1091]" italics="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Actinopus casuhati</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF74CEA4FCD5FBBBD8B63851" box="[810,997,1130,1151]" italics="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Actinopus casuhati</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E54DDF8DFF74CEA4FC10FBBBDE093851" author="Rios-Tamayo, D. &amp; Goloboff, P. A." box="[1007,1370,1130,1152]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref140496" refString="Rios-Tamayo, D. &amp; Goloboff, P. A. (2018) Taxonomic revision and morphology of the trapdoor spider genus Actinopus (Mygalomorphae: Actinopodidae) in Argentina. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 419, 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 - 419.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Goloboff, 2018: 32</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 13 A–G, 14 A–D, 45 (
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♂, [
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<geoCoordinate id="E4E8C4BBFF74CEA4FB06FB59DE3238B0" box="[1273,1377,1160,1182]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" precision="925" value="-61.8">61º 48’ W</geoCoordinate>
], Sierra de La Ventana, 
<collectingRegion id="43186C9EFF74CEA4FC0CFB79DF253893" box="[1011,1142,1191,1213]" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F9CBE2ECFF74CEA4FB81FB76DFB33893" box="[1150,1248,1191,1213]" name="Argentina" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="F56284BCFF74CEA4FB16FB76DE663893" box="[1257,1333,1191,1213]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" value="1972-03">iii.1972</date>
, Cesari leg., MACN-Ar 36609; and 
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, [
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], Parque Provincial “Ernesto Tornquist”, 
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, 
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, 
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, G. Pompozzi, LZI 0141; not examined); 
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.
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<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF74CEA4FCD5FAB7D8F739AE" bold="true" box="[810,932,1382,1408]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Females of 
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<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF74CEA4FBC4FAB6DE4639AE" box="[1083,1301,1382,1409]" italics="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Actinopus casuhati</emphasis>
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differs from those of all other species of 
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<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF74CEA4FB69FA5ADE55398B" box="[1174,1286,1419,1445]" italics="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Actinopus</emphasis>
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, except from those of 
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<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF74CEA4FC73FA7EDF2A39E6" box="[908,1145,1454,1481]" italics="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">A. gerschiapelliarum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E54DDF8DFF74CEA4FB7DFA7FD83639C2" author="Rios-Tamayo, D. &amp; Goloboff, P. A." pageId="249" pageNumber="250" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref140496" refString="Rios-Tamayo, D. &amp; Goloboff, P. A. (2018) Taxonomic revision and morphology of the trapdoor spider genus Actinopus (Mygalomorphae: Actinopodidae) in Argentina. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 419, 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 - 419.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Goloboff, 2018</bibRefCitation>
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, (fig. 19 C–D) and 
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<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF74CEA4FBAFFA02DFB339C2" box="[1104,1248,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">A. argenteus</emphasis>
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(
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, fig. 11 C), by the presence of a sub-apical constriction in the spermathecae. According to Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Goloboff (2018), they differ from those of 
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<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF74CEA4FA6CF9EED8C43A52" italics="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">A. argenteus</emphasis>
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, by tíbia III with additional spines apical to the crown, and from those of 
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<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF74CEA4FB9BF956DE063A8E" box="[1124,1365,1670,1697]" italics="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">A. gerschiapelliarum</emphasis>
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by the larger body size and larger number of retrolateral thorns on tibiae II (
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, fig. 14 B).
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<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF74CEA4FCA0F923D8A23B22" bold="true" box="[863,1009,1778,1804]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Description.</emphasis>
See 
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.
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C6F1F7FF74CEA4FCA0F8EBD8363BCF" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8163A27CFF74CEA4FCA0F8EBDE1D3B7A" blockId="249.[810,1452,1382,1877]" box="[863,1358,1850,1877]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF74CEA4FCA0F8EBD8AB3B7A" bold="true" box="[863,1016,1850,1876]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F9CBE2ECFF74CEA4FC01F8EBDFF53B7A" box="[1022,1190,1850,1876]" name="Argentina" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="43186C9EFF74CEA4FB4FF8EADE1A3B7A" box="[1200,1353,1850,1877]" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8163A27CFF74CEA4FCD5F874D8363BCF" blockId="249.[810,1451,1956,2017]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF74CEA4FCD5F874D8363BCF" authority="Rios-Tamayo &amp; Goloboff, 2018" authorityName="Rios-Tamayo &amp; Goloboff" authorityYear="2018" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indiamuerta">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF74CEA4FCD5F874D8363BCF" bold="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF74CEA4FCD5F874DF1B3B91" bold="true" box="[810,1096,1956,1983]" italics="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Actinopus indiamuerta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E54DDF8DFF74CEA4FBA7F875D8363BCF" author="Rios-Tamayo, D. &amp; Goloboff, P. A." pageId="249" pageNumber="250" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref140496" refString="Rios-Tamayo, D. &amp; Goloboff, P. A. (2018) Taxonomic revision and morphology of the trapdoor spider genus Actinopus (Mygalomorphae: Actinopodidae) in Argentina. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 419, 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 - 419.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Goloboff, 2018</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C6F1F7FF74CEA7FCD5F7D8D9C23CDD" lastPageId="250" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8163A27CFF74CEA7FCD5F7D8D9C23CDD" blockId="249.[810,1452,2056,2079]" lastBlockId="250.[189,778,158,243]" lastPageId="250" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A1CC8552FF74CEA7FCD5F7D8D9C23CDD" lastPageId="250" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
<treatmentCitation id="007D846DFF74CEA4FCD5F7D8DE2E3430" author="Rios-Tamayo, D. &amp; Goloboff, P. A." box="[810,1405,2056,2079]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C22D980AFFD8F340732FFD72D50CFE88" page="43" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" year="2018">
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF74CEA4FCD5F7D8DE2E3430" ID-CoL="64PL6" authority="Rios-Tamayo &amp; Goloboff, 2018: 43" authorityName="Rios-Tamayo &amp; Goloboff" authorityPageNumber="43" authorityYear="2018" box="[810,1405,2056,2079]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indiamuerta">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF74CEA4FCD5F7D8DF5A3433" box="[810,1033,2056,2078]" italics="true" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Actinopus indiamuerta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E54DDF8DFF74CEA4FBECF7D8DE2E3430" author="Rios-Tamayo, D. &amp; Goloboff, P. A." box="[1043,1405,2056,2079]" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref140496" refString="Rios-Tamayo, D. &amp; Goloboff, P. A. (2018) Taxonomic revision and morphology of the trapdoor spider genus Actinopus (Mygalomorphae: Actinopodidae) in Argentina. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 419, 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 - 419.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Goloboff, 2018: 43</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 20 A–D, 44 (
<typeStatus id="5E671CDEFF77CEA7FEC2FF4EDAC03C9B" box="[317,403,159,181]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="97DA69F5FF77CEA7FE65FF71DAFF3C9B" box="[410,428,160,181]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, [
<geoCoordinate id="E4E8C4BBFF77CEA7FE40FF4ED9493C9A" box="[447,538,159,181]" degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" precision="925" value="-26.533333">26º 32’ S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E4E8C4BBFF77CEA7FDDDFF4ED9DB3C9A" box="[546,648,158,181]" degrees="65" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" precision="925" value="-65.25">65º 15’ W</geoCoordinate>
], Ruta 9, Río 
<collectingCountry id="F9CBE2ECFF77CEA7FF42FF6FDBBD3CFA" box="[189,238,190,212]" name="India" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">India</collectingCountry>
Muerta, 
<collectingRegion id="43186C9EFF77CEA7FEB9FF6FDAF13CFA" box="[326,418,190,212]" country="Argentina" name="Tucuman" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Tucumán</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F9CBE2ECFF77CEA7FE54FF6FD95E3CFA" box="[427,525,190,212]" name="Argentina" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="F56284BCFF77CEA7FDE8FF6FD9323CFA" box="[535,609,190,212]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" value="1994-09">ix.1994</date>
, P. Goloboff leg., MACN-Ar 36626); 
<bibRefCitation id="E54DDF8DFF77CEA7FE82FF0CD9DE3CDD" author="World Spider Catalog" box="[381,653,221,243]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" refId="ref140996" refString="World Spider Catalog (2020) World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed on 22 July 2020)" type="url" year="2020">World Spider Catalog, 2020</bibRefCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C6F1F7FF77CEA7FF77FEF2D9673DDA" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8163A27CFF77CEA7FF77FEF2D9673DDA" blockId="250.[136,778,291,609]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FF77FEF2DA513D13" bold="true" box="[136,258,291,317]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
According to 
<bibRefCitation id="E54DDF8DFF77CEA7FE65FEF2D8563D13" author="Rios-Tamayo, D. &amp; Goloboff, P. A." box="[410,773,291,317]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref140496" refString="Rios-Tamayo, D. &amp; Goloboff, P. A. (2018) Taxonomic revision and morphology of the trapdoor spider genus Actinopus (Mygalomorphae: Actinopodidae) in Argentina. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 419, 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 - 419.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Goloboff (2018)</bibRefCitation>
, females of 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FEFCFE99DAF93D4F" authorityName="Rios-Tamayo &amp; Goloboff" authorityYear="2018" box="[259,426,327,354]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indiamuerta">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FEFCFE99DAF93D4F" box="[259,426,327,354]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">A. indiamuerta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be readily distinguished by the wide, semicircular labium with few cuspules (Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Goloboff, 2018, fig. 20 B) and by the short spermathecae, with perpendicular external lobe (Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Goloboff, 2018, fig. 20 D).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C6F1F7FF77CEA7FF42FE2FDBE63E13" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" type="description">
<paragraph id="8163A27CFF77CEA7FF42FE2FDBE63E13" blockId="250.[136,778,291,609]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FF42FE2FDA1C3E36" bold="true" box="[189,335,510,536]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Description.</emphasis>
See 
<bibRefCitation id="E54DDF8DFF77CEA7FE72FE2FDBE23E13" author="Rios-Tamayo, D. &amp; Goloboff, P. A." pageId="250" pageNumber="251" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref140496" refString="Rios-Tamayo, D. &amp; Goloboff, P. A. (2018) Taxonomic revision and morphology of the trapdoor spider genus Actinopus (Mygalomorphae: Actinopodidae) in Argentina. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 419, 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 - 419.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Goloboff (2018: 43)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C6F1F7FF77CEA6FF42FD96D8AE3B54" lastPageId="251" lastPageNumber="252" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8163A27CFF77CEA7FF42FD96D92D3E4F" blockId="250.[136,778,291,609]" box="[189,638,583,609]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FF42FD96DA043E4F" bold="true" box="[189,343,583,609]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F9CBE2ECFF77CEA7FEA3FD96D9573E4F" box="[348,516,583,609]" name="Argentina" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="43186C9EFF77CEA7FDF1FD96D9283E4F" box="[526,635,583,609]" country="Argentina" name="Tucuman" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Tucumán</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8163A27CFF77CEA7FF77FD76DA5A3EEE" blockId="250.[136,265,679,704]" box="[136,265,679,704]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FF77FD76DA5A3EEE" box="[136,265,679,704]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Discussion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8163A27CFF77CEA7FF77FD3EDA283A58" blockId="250.[136,778,751,2092]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
The present paper treats the taxonomy of 80 species of 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FF51FCC5DA4D3F00" authorityName="Perty" authorityYear="1833" box="[174,286,788,814]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FF51FCC5DA4D3F00" box="[174,286,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Actinopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(42 newly described, 18 redescribed, in addition to the re-evaluation of the 
<typeStatus id="5E671CDEFF77CEA7FDB6FCE8D92A3F7D" box="[585,633,825,851]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">type</typeStatus>
species, 
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FD0DFCE8DBB03F59" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FD0DFCE8DB8C3F59" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsalis">A. tarsalis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
redescribed by 
<bibRefCitation id="E54DDF8DFF77CEA7FE65FC8CD92D3F59" author="Miglio, L. T. &amp; Lucas, S. M. &amp; Bonaldo, A. B." box="[410,638,861,887]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" pagination="275 - 379" refId="ref139626" refString="Miglio, L. T., Lucas, S. M. &amp; Bonaldo, A. B. (2012) On the identity of the type species Actinopus tarsalis (Araneae: Actinopodidae). Zoologia, 29 (4), 275 - 379. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1984 - 46702012000400009" type="journal article" year="2012">
Miglio 
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FE10FC8FD97B3F59" box="[495,552,861,887]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FD74FC8CD8503F59" authorityName=": Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[651,771,861,887]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FD74FC8CD8503F59" box="[651,771,861,887]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">A. insignis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, redescribed by 
<bibRefCitation id="E54DDF8DFF77CEA7FECFFC50D9CE3FB5" author="Rios-Tamayo, D. &amp; Goloboff, P. A." box="[304,669,897,923]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref140496" refString="Rios-Tamayo, D. &amp; Goloboff, P. A. (2018) Taxonomic revision and morphology of the trapdoor spider genus Actinopus (Mygalomorphae: Actinopodidae) in Argentina. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 419, 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 - 419.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Goloboff (2018)</bibRefCitation>
and other 18 recently described species from 
<collectingCountry id="F9CBE2ECFF77CEA7FDECFC77D9363FEE" box="[531,613,934,960]" name="Bolivia" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F9CBE2ECFF77CEA7FD65FC77D85A3FEE" box="[666,777,934,960]" name="Argentina" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Argentina</collectingCountry>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="E54DDF8DFF77CEA7FF50FC1BDA693FCA" author="Rios, D. T." box="[175,314,970,996]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" pagination="73 - 77" refId="ref140396" refString="Rios, D. T. (2014) A new species of the genus Actinopus (Mygalomorphae: Actinopodidae) from Argentina. Acta Arachnologica, 63 (2): 73 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.2476 / asjaa. 63.73" type="journal article" year="2014">Ríos (2014)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="E54DDF8DFF77CEA7FEB6FC1BD9663FCB" author="Rios-Tamayo, D." box="[329,565,970,997]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" pagination="185 - 189" refId="ref140444" refString="Rios-Tamayo, D. (2016) A new species of Actinopus (Mygalomorphae: Actinopodidae) from Bolivia. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Nueva Serie, 18 (2), 185 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.22179 / REVMACN. 18.444" type="journal article" year="2016">Ríos-Tamayo (2016)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="E54DDF8DFF77CEA7FD8CFC1BDA3B3827" author="Rios-Tamayo, D. &amp; Goloboff, P. A." pageId="250" pageNumber="251" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref140496" refString="Rios-Tamayo, D. &amp; Goloboff, P. A. (2018) Taxonomic revision and morphology of the trapdoor spider genus Actinopus (Mygalomorphae: Actinopodidae) in Argentina. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 419, 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 - 419.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Goloboff (2018)</bibRefCitation>
. These results are derived from the examination of nearly 1375 adult specimens, an effort that also resulted in the discovery of the unknown females of 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FF77FB8CDA083858" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1923" box="[136,347,1116,1143]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubiomaculatus">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FF77FB8CDA083858" box="[136,347,1116,1143]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">A. dubiomaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FE6BFB8CD96B3858" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1941" box="[404,568,1117,1143]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cucutaensis">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FE6BFB8CD96B3858" box="[404,568,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">A. cucutaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the unknown males of 
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FEFBFB50DAC538B5" box="[260,406,1153,1179]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FEFBFB50DAC038B5" baseAuthorityName="Doleschall" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[260,403,1153,1179]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nattereri">A. nattereri</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The criteria used to proceed with these matches included congruent morphological characters and geographical distribution. In the case of 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FF77FB3EDA333927" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1923" box="[136,352,1263,1289]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubiomaculatus">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FF77FB3EDA333927" box="[136,352,1263,1289]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">A. dubiomaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in addition to these criteria, males and females were collected in the same sampling event. Despite the large number of examined specimens, the vast majority of species here recognized as valid remain known only from one sex, a situation that makes the taxonomic knowledge of 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FE4AFA77D97639EE" authorityName="Perty" authorityYear="1833" box="[437,549,1446,1472]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FE4AFA77D97639EE" box="[437,549,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Actinopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
still unsatisfactory. Most 
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FF37FA1BDA7239CA" bold="true" box="[200,289,1482,1508]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">sp. nov.</emphasis>
here presented are known only from males; no 
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FF50FA3FDA5E3A26" bold="true" box="[175,269,1518,1544]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">sp. nov.</emphasis>
based solely in females are presented here because we believe that describing 
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FDEBF9C2D93E3A03" bold="true" box="[532,621,1555,1581]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">sp. nov.</emphasis>
based only in females is not advisable due to the lack of straightforward diagnostic characters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8163A27CFF77CEA7FF42F950DEC03D0A" blockId="250.[136,778,751,2092]" lastBlockId="250.[810,1452,158,2093]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
From the 49 currently nominal species valid for 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FF77F974DBAB3A91" authorityName="Perty" authorityYear="1833" box="[136,248,1701,1727]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FF77F974DBAB3A91" box="[136,248,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Actinopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 10 were here declared as 
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FDD5F977D85A3A91" box="[554,777,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">species inquirendae</emphasis>
on grounds that the 
<typeStatus id="5E671CDEFF77CEA7FEA0F91BDADC3ACA" box="[351,399,1738,1764]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">type</typeStatus>
specimens were based on juvenile specimens or, even if based on adult specimens, they are lost. However, a great effort was made here to avoid making unnecessary names available. Thus, the identity of some species with missing 
<typeStatus id="5E671CDEFF77CEA7FE15F88DD9763B58" box="[490,549,1884,1910]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">types</typeStatus>
was established by the careful study of original descriptions. Despite the enormous difficulty of identifying species based on old descriptions, which are generally poorly informative and devoid of illustrations, congruence of morphological characters and geographic distributions of the material examined with the information in the literature rendered the harnessing of five old historic names, 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FAF4FF12DED03CF2" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1920" box="[1291,1411,194,221]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FAF4FF12DED03CF2" box="[1291,1411,194,221]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">A. pusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FA6CFF12D88E3D2E" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1923" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubiomaculatus">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FA6CFF12D88E3D2E" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">A. dubiomaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FC18FF36DF0B3D2E" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1949" box="[999,1112,230,257]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinus">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FC18FF36DF0B3D2E" box="[999,1112,230,257]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">A.echinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FB9DFF36DF8C3D2E" baseAuthorityName="Doleschall" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1122,1247,231,257]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nattereri">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FB9DFF36DF8C3D2E" box="[1122,1247,231,257]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">A.nattereri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FAF1FF36DEF73D2E" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1920" box="[1294,1444,231,257]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranensis">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FAF1FF36DEF73D2E" box="[1294,1444,231,257]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">A.paranensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which otherwise should be declared as unrecognizable.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8163A27CFF77CEA7FCA0FEFFDF603F33" blockId="250.[810,1452,158,2093]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
The taxonomy of 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FBCFFEFEDFF33D67" authorityName="Perty" authorityYear="1833" box="[1072,1184,303,329]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FBCFFEFEDFF33D67" box="[1072,1184,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Actinopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is particularly difficult not only for the unavailability of 
<typeStatus id="5E671CDEFF77CEA7FB1FFE82DE483D43" box="[1248,1307,339,365]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">types</typeStatus>
or for the uninformative literature, but also due to the absence of unique morphological details that could provide effective diagnosis to recognize species and groups of species. Thus, most of the taxa here recognized can be identified only by combinations of characters. Perhaps this is one of the main reasons for the fact that the diversity of the genus has been so underestimated in the past 200 years, with few and isolated new descriptions. Even discounting the unrecognizable species, the present paper increases the known species richness of 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FB45FD6ADE793EFB" authorityName="Perty" authorityYear="1833" box="[1210,1322,699,725]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FB45FD6ADE793EFB" box="[1210,1322,699,725]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Actinopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in nearly 60,5%, revealing a possible scenario of very high species endemism in the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8163A27CFF77CEA7FCA0FCF6DF513A3F" blockId="250.[810,1452,158,2093]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
To optimize identifications in this revision, 11 species groups are diagnosed and keyed. These groups are only taxonomic tools, not supposed to primarily represent putative monophyletic groups, and were based mainly in characters from the male palp. From the 80 species here diagnosed, 12 could not be included in these groups because they are known only from females or due to their divergent male palpal morphology. The species known only from females are 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FBE6FB96DFD8384E" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1949" box="[1049,1163,1094,1121]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinus">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FBE6FB96DFD8384E" box="[1049,1163,1094,1121]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">A.echinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FB6AFB96DE42384E" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1917" box="[1173,1297,1095,1121]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="princeps">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FB6AFB96DE42384E" box="[1173,1297,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">A.princeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FAE3FB96DEF7384E" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1938" box="[1308,1444,1095,1121]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinotatus">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FAE3FB96DEF7384E" box="[1308,1444,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">A.trinotatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FCD5FBBADFC038AA" box="[810,1171,1130,1157]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FCD5FBBAD8FB38AA" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1917" box="[810,936,1130,1157]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wallacei">A. wallacei</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FC50FBBADF5D38AA" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1917" box="[943,1038,1131,1157]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xenus">A. xenus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FBEAFBBADFC038AA" authorityName="Rios-Tamayo &amp; Goloboff" authorityYear="2018" box="[1045,1171,1130,1157]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="casuhati">A. casuhati</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FB35FBBADE2138AA" authorityName="Rios-Tamayo &amp; Goloboff" authorityYear="2018" box="[1226,1394,1130,1157]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indiamuerta">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FB35FBBADE2138AA" box="[1226,1394,1130,1157]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">A. indiamuerta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The male of one of these species, 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FB82FB5EDFAF3886" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1917" box="[1149,1276,1166,1193]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wallacei">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FB82FB5EDFAF3886" box="[1149,1276,1166,1193]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">A. wallacei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was described by 
<bibRefCitation id="E54DDF8DFF77CEA7FCB4FB63DFF738E3" author="Schiapelli, R. D. &amp; Gerschman de Pikelin, B. S." box="[843,1188,1202,1229]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" pagination="165 - 213" refId="ref140557" refString="Schiapelli, R. D. &amp; Gerschman de Pikelin, B. S. (1945) Parte descriptiva. Aranas sudamericanas colleccionadas por el Doctor J. Vellard. I. Theraphosidae nuevas o poco conocidas. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 3, 165 - 213." type="journal article" year="1945">Schiapelli &amp; Gerschman, 1945</bibRefCitation>
, but since their material was not available the identity of the male form of this species can not be determined here and, consequently, this species was not included in any group. The species known by males that were not placed in groups of species are 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FCA9FAB6D89739AE" box="[854,964,1383,1409]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jamari">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FCA9FAB6D89739AE" box="[854,964,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">A. jamari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FC2AFAB6DF1939AE" authorityName="Rios-Tamayo &amp; Goloboff" authorityYear="2018" box="[981,1098,1382,1409]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavero">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FC2AFAB6DF1939AE" box="[981,1098,1382,1409]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">A. clavero</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FBA4FAB6DF8639AE" box="[1115,1237,1383,1409]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apiacas">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FBA4FAB6DF8639AE" box="[1115,1237,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">A. apiacas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FAEDFAB6DEF739AE" box="[1298,1444,1383,1409]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panguana">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FAEDFAB6DEF739AE" box="[1298,1444,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">A. panguana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The male palpal morphology presented by these species is considerably different from that presented for other 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FCD5FA02D8C939C3" authorityName="Perty" authorityYear="1833" box="[810,922,1491,1517]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FCD5FA02D8C939C3" box="[810,922,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Actinopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and each one of these species would stand in a group of their own.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8163A27CFF77CEA6FCA0F9CAD9EA3DF7" blockId="250.[810,1452,158,2093]" lastBlockId="251.[136,778,158,2093]" lastPageId="251" lastPageNumber="252" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
Most characters proposed here to differentiate the species and groups of species are related to the male copulatory bulb, the female spermathecae and patterns of coloration (in ethanol) in legs and palps of both sexes. These color patterns are very widespread across taxa and are generated by contrasting color between articles of legs or/and palp, some of which may be paler than other articles on the same leg. The most common state of this character is the palpal tibia yellowish or orange, paler than other palpal articles. This condition is shared by all groups recognized here, except the group 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FAAFF853DEF73BB2" box="[1360,1444,1922,1948]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsalis">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FAAFF853DEF73BB2" box="[1360,1444,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">tarsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Notwithstanding that, seven additional patterns of leg coloration have been be found in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FB5AF81ADE463BCB" authorityName="Perty" authorityYear="1833" box="[1189,1301,1995,2021]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FB5AF81ADE463BCB" box="[1189,1301,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Actinopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (1) patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi of legs paler than femora (as in females of 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF77CEA7FC31F7C2DF6C3402" baseAuthorityName="Lucas" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[974,1087,2066,2093]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF77CEA7FC31F7C2DF6C3402" box="[974,1087,2066,2093]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">A. rufipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); (2) tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi of legs paler than femora and patellae (as in males of 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FD0DFF4EDBA33CF2" baseAuthorityName="Keyserling" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassipes">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FD0DFF4EDBA33CF2" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. crassipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); (3) Metatarsi and tarsi of legs paler than other leg articles (as in males of 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FE44FF36D9DD3D2E" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1923" box="[443,654,230,257]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubiomaculatus">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FE44FF36D9DD3D2E" box="[443,654,230,257]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. dubiomaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); (4) Tibia of palp, and tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi of legs paler than other articles (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FE8AFEFEDAA33D66" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1920" box="[373,496,302,329]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FE8AFEFEDAA33D66" box="[373,496,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. pusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); (5) Tibia of palp, and metatarsi and tarsi of legs paler than other articles (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FF77FEA6DB803DBE" box="[136,211,374,401]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dioi">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FF77FEA6DB803DBE" box="[136,211,374,401]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. dioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); (6) Patella and tibia of palp paler than femur and tarsus (as in males of 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FE83FE4ADABA3D9A" baseAuthorityName="Lucas" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[380,489,410,437]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FE83FE4ADABA3D9A" box="[380,489,410,437]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. rufipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); and (7) Tibia and tarsus of palp paler than other articles (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FDCEFE6ED9FA3DF6" box="[561,681,446,473]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azaghal">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FDCEFE6ED9FA3DF6" box="[561,681,446,473]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. azaghal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8163A27CFF76CEA6FF42FE33DAE33F33" blockId="251.[136,778,158,2093]" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
Other important somatic (non-genitalic) characters, at least to define the groups 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FE34FDD7D9683E0E" box="[459,571,518,544]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osbournei">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FE34FDD7D9683E0E" box="[459,571,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">osbournei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FD8CFDD7D98B3E0E" authorityName="Rios" authorityYear="2014" box="[627,728,518,544]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="goloboffi">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FD8CFDD7D98B3E0E" box="[627,728,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">goloboffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are related to the sternal morphology, particularly the patterns of distribution of sternal sigilla: (1) converging to the middle of the sternum but separated (as in most species, eg. 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FF4EFD46DA3A3E9E" box="[177,361,662,689]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaboticatubas">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FF4EFD46DA3A3E9E" box="[177,361,662,689]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. jaboticatubas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FE86FD47DAB43E9E" box="[377,487,662,688]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="46.[136,235,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,206,1604]" captionTargetId="figure-165@46.[151,1435,189,1621]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 39. Actinopus jaboticatubas sp. nov., male: A–F IBSP 113186: A. Abdomen, dorsal; B. Carapace, dorsal; C. Sternum, ventral; D. Cheliceral teeth, ventral; E. Rastellum, dorsal; F. Rastellum, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597319/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 39 C</figureCitation>
); or (2) fused medially of sternum (as in group 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FE86FD6BDABA3EFA" box="[377,489,698,724]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osbournei">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FE86FD6BDABA3EFA" box="[377,489,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">osbournei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FE08FD6BD9253EFA" box="[503,630,698,724]" captionStart="FIGURE 133" captionStartId="147.[136,235,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[176,1411,205,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-126@147.[151,1436,189,1621]" captionTargetPageId="147" captionText="FIGURE 133. Actinopus osbournei sp. nov., male: A–F MCTP 8859 (Automontage photos) and MCTP 8850 (SEM Images): A. Abdomen, dorsal; B. Carapace, dorsal; C. Sternum, ventral; D. Cheliceral teeth, ventral; E. Rastellum, dorsal; F. Rastellum, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597518/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Figs 133 C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FD7DFD6BD9993EFA" box="[642,714,698,724]" captionStart="FIGURE 136" captionStartId="150.[136,235,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[176,1411,206,1604]" captionTargetId="figure-197@150.[151,1435,189,1621]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="FIGURE 136. Actinopus dioi sp. nov., male: A–F MPEG (Automontage photos) and MPEG (SEM Images): A. Abdomen, dorsal; B. Carapace, dorsal; C. Sternum, ventral; D. Cheliceral teeth, ventral; E. Rastellum, dorsal; F. Rastellum, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597528/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">136 C</figureCitation>
). The group 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FF2FFD0FDA663ED6" authorityName="Rios" authorityYear="2014" box="[208,309,734,760]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="goloboffi">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FF2FFD0FDA663ED6" box="[208,309,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">goloboffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by a unique depression in the middle of the sternum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8163A27CFF76CEA6FF42FCF6DF8B3E47" blockId="251.[136,778,158,2093]" lastBlockId="251.[810,1452,158,1914]" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
Important diagnostics characters related to the copulatory bulb of males are based on the absence or in the shape of apophyses, keels and tegular processes. These structures are always associated with the tegular surface or the embolus and were described as follows: (1) Basal tegular apophysis (BTA) present (in most species, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FD44FC0BDBCD3836" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="45.[136,235,1183,1207]" captionTargetBox="[161,1369,227,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-321@45.[151,1435,189,1160]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 38. Actinopus hirsutus sp. nov., male: A–C MCN: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; PAc-Prolateral Accessory keel; PI- Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrows: Serrated Area. Scale line: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597317/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 38 A</figureCitation>
) or absent (as in group 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FE5FFC2FDAA73836" box="[416,500,1022,1048]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsalis">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FE5FFC2FDAA73836" box="[416,500,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">tarsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FDD6FC2ED9EC3836" box="[553,703,1023,1049]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FDD6FC2ED9E83836" box="[553,699,1023,1049]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinnus">A. concinnus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FD3AFC2FDBCC3812" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[136,235,952,976]" captionTargetBox="[170,1419,201,919]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[151,1436,189,929]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Actinopus tarsalis Perty, 1833 (drawings from Miglio et al., 2012), male: A–C MPEG 11717: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; PAc-ProlateralAccessory keel; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrow: Serrated Area. Scale line: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597255/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Figs 9 A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FF54FBF3DBA23812" box="[171,241,1058,1085]" captionStart="FIGURE 195" captionStartId="215.[136,235,1318,1342]" captionTargetBox="[154,1406,196,1283]" captionTargetId="figure-251@215.[151,1436,189,1294]" captionTargetPageId="215" captionText="FIGURE 195. Actinopus concinnus sp. nov., male: A–E AMNH: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; ATP-Apical Tegular Process; Arrows: Serrated area. D. Rastellum, dorsal; E. Rastellum, ventral. Scales lines: A–C: 1 mm; D–E: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597663" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597663/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">195 A</figureCitation>
, respectively); (2) Position of BTA in prolateral view of copulatory bulb: Displaced ventrally in relation to a middle longitudinal line along prolateral tegular surface (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FED8FB5EDAE63886" box="[295,437,1166,1193]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laventana">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FED8FB5EDAE63886" box="[295,437,1166,1193]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. laventana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FE3BFB5FD9133886" box="[452,576,1166,1192]" captionStart="FIGURE 129" captionStartId="142.[136,235,1421,1445]" captionTargetBox="[176,1391,200,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-233@142.[151,1435,189,1397]" captionTargetPageId="142" captionText="FIGURE 129. Actinopus laventana sp. nov., male: A–C LZI M135: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; PAc-Prolateral Accessory keel; PI- Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrows: Serrated area. Paratype, female: D FCE-MY 977: D. Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scales lines: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597508/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 129 A</figureCitation>
); Placed medially on prolateral tegular surface (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FDEBFB62D9CF38E2" baseAuthorityName="Keyserling" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[532,668,1203,1229]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassipes">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FDEBFB62D9CF38E2" box="[532,668,1203,1229]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. crassipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FD54FB63DBF338DE" captionStart="FIGURE 107" captionStartId="117.[136,235,1169,1193]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,196,1142]" captionTargetId="figure-395@117.[151,1436,189,1145]" captionTargetPageId="117" captionText="FIGURE 107. Actinopus crassipes (Keyserling, 1891), male: A–C MCN 30740: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral.PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal TegularApophysis; PAc-ProlateralAccessory keel; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrows: Serrated area. Scale line: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597460/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 107 A</figureCitation>
); Displaced dorsally in relation to a middle longitudinal line along prolateral tegular surface (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FD9DFB2AD99C393A" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1920" box="[610,719,1274,1301]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fractus">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FD9DFB2AD99C393A" box="[610,719,1274,1301]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. fractus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FD22FB2BDB943917" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="27.[136,235,1259,1283]" captionTargetBox="[164,1433,201,1227]" captionTargetId="figure-241@27.[151,1436,189,1236]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 21. Actinopus fractus Mello-Leit„o, 1920, male: A–C IBSP 14535: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal tegular apophysis; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS- Prolateral Superior keel. Scale line: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597281" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597281/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 21 A</figureCitation>
); (3) Absence (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FE39FACED93E3916" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1941" box="[454,621,1311,1337]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cucutaensis">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FE39FACED93E3916" box="[454,621,1311,1337]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. cucutaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FD80FACFD8513917" box="[639,770,1310,1337]" captionStart="FIGURE 176" captionStartId="195.[136,235,1520,1544]" captionTargetBox="[161,1420,198,1461]" captionTargetId="figure-155@195.[151,1435,189,1497]" captionTargetPageId="195" captionText="FIGURE 176. Actinopus cucutaensis (Mello-Leit„o, 1941), male:A–C MCN 17595:A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; setae: ATP-Apical Tegular Process; Serrated area. Female: D AMNH: D. Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale line: Male: 1 mm, female: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597615/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 176 A</figureCitation>
) or presence of one (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FE4DFA92D96B3972" box="[434,568,1346,1373]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anselmoi">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FE4DFA92D96B3972" box="[434,568,1346,1373]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. anselmoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FDB6FA93D99B3973" box="[585,712,1346,1373]" captionStart="FIGURE 171" captionStartId="190.[136,235,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[205,1429,219,1251]" captionTargetId="figure-235@190.[151,1436,189,1254]" captionTargetPageId="190" captionText="FIGURE 171. Actinopus anselmoi sp. nov., male: A–C IBSP 114469: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; PS-Prolateral Superior keel. Arrow: Serrated area. Scale line: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597605/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 171 A</figureCitation>
), two (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FF30FAB6DA6D39AE" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1920" box="[207,318,1382,1409]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fractus">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FF30FAB6DA6D39AE" box="[207,318,1382,1409]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. fractus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FEB2FAB7DAE839AF" box="[333,443,1382,1409]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="27.[136,235,1259,1283]" captionTargetBox="[164,1433,201,1227]" captionTargetId="figure-241@27.[151,1436,189,1236]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 21. Actinopus fractus Mello-Leit„o, 1920, male: A–C IBSP 14535: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal tegular apophysis; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS- Prolateral Superior keel. Scale line: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597281" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597281/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 21 A</figureCitation>
) or three (as in most species, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FF77FA5BDA51398B" box="[136,258,1418,1445]" captionStart="FIGURE 107" captionStartId="117.[136,235,1169,1193]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,196,1142]" captionTargetId="figure-395@117.[151,1436,189,1145]" captionTargetPageId="117" captionText="FIGURE 107. Actinopus crassipes (Keyserling, 1891), male: A–C MCN 30740: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral.PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal TegularApophysis; PAc-ProlateralAccessory keel; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrows: Serrated area. Scale line: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597460/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 107 A</figureCitation>
) keels visible in prolateral view of copulatory bulb; (4) Paraembolic apophysis (PA) conspicuous or inconspicuous, respectively as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FDE7FA02D9CD39C2" baseAuthorityName="Doleschall" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[536,670,1491,1517]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nattereri">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FDE7FA02D9CD39C2" box="[536,670,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. nattereri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FD4CFA03D85939C2" box="[691,778,1490,1516]" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="75.[136,235,1481,1505]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,200,1457]" captionTargetId="figure-196@75.[151,1436,189,1043]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 67. Actinopus nattereri (Doleschall, 1871), male: A–C INPA 3511: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral.PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal TegularApophysis; PAc-ProlateralAccessory keel; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrow: Serrated area. Paratype, female: D IBSP 13544: D. Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale line: Male: 1 mm, female: 0.5 mm. E INPA: E. Dorsal habitus, alive, with a big blue iridescent spot on dorsal abdomen. Photo: Thiago G. Carvalho." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597377/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
A–C) and 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FEFBFA26DA293A3E" box="[260,378,1526,1553]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harveyi">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FEFBFA26DA293A3E" box="[260,378,1526,1553]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. harveyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FE72FA27DAB33A3E" box="[397,480,1526,1552]" captionStart="FIGURE 78" captionStartId="88.[137,240,1360,1384]" captionTargetBox="[194,1389,225,1302]" captionTargetId="figure-245@88.[151,1435,189,1337]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 78. Actinopus harveyi sp. nov., male: A–C IBSP 111837: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; PAc-Prolateral Accessory keel; PI- Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel. Scale line: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597401" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597401/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
A–C); (5) PA contiguous to prolateral superior keel (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FE02F9CAD92D3A1A" baseAuthorityName="Doleschall" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[509,638,1563,1589]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nattereri">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FE02F9CAD92D3A1A" box="[509,638,1563,1589]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. nattereri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FD72F9CBD9AF3A1B" box="[653,764,1562,1589]" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="75.[136,235,1481,1505]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,200,1457]" captionTargetId="figure-196@75.[151,1436,189,1043]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 67. Actinopus nattereri (Doleschall, 1871), male: A–C INPA 3511: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral.PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal TegularApophysis; PAc-ProlateralAccessory keel; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrow: Serrated area. Paratype, female: D IBSP 13544: D. Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale line: Male: 1 mm, female: 0.5 mm. E INPA: E. Dorsal habitus, alive, with a big blue iridescent spot on dorsal abdomen. Photo: Thiago G. Carvalho." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597377/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 67 A</figureCitation>
), between prolateral superior and prolateral inferior keels (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FF2FF9B2DA343A52" box="[208,359,1634,1661]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buritiensis">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FF2FF9B2DA343A52" box="[208,359,1634,1661]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. buritiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FE88F9B3DAB53A53" box="[375,486,1634,1661]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="36.[136,235,1278,1302]" captionTargetBox="[175,1350,203,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-226@36.[151,1435,189,1254]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 29. Actinopus buritiensis sp. nov., male:A–C MCTP 2940:A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrows: Serrated Area. Scale line: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597298" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597298/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 29 A</figureCitation>
), contiguous to prolateral inferior keel (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FE80F956DABC3A8E" box="[383,495,1671,1697]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="utinga">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FE80F956DABC3A8E" box="[383,495,1671,1697]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. utinga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FDFAF957D9DC3A8F" box="[517,655,1670,1697]" captionStart="FIGURE 103" captionStartId="113.[136,235,1309,1333]" captionTargetBox="[171,1392,209,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-268@113.[151,1435,189,1285]" captionTargetPageId="113" captionText="FIGURE 103. Actinopus utinga sp. nov., male: A–C UFMG 9918: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; PAc-Prolateral Accessory keel; PI- Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel. Scale line: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597452/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 103 A</figureCitation>
), between prolateral inferior and prolateral accessory keels (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FD0DF97ADB8C3AC6" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornelli">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FD0DF97ADB8C3AC6" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. cornelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FF12F91FDA0A3AC7" box="[237,345,1742,1769]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="70.[136,235,1176,1200]" captionTargetBox="[168,1430,200,1131]" captionTargetId="figure-309@70.[151,1435,189,1152]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 62. Actinopus cornelli sp. nov., male: A–C MCN 23400: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; PAc-Prolateral Accessory keel; PI- Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrows: Serrated area. Scale line: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597367/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 62 A</figureCitation>
), or contiguous to prolateral accessory keel (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FEFAF922DA203B22" baseAuthorityName="Lucas" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[261,371,1778,1805]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FEFAF922DA203B22" box="[261,371,1778,1805]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. rufipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FE7EF923DAA33B23" box="[385,496,1778,1805]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="82.[136,235,1586,1610]" captionTargetBox="[161,1413,202,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-149@82.[151,1435,189,1562]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 72. Actinopus rufipes (Lucas, 1834), male: A–C IBSP 161468: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; PAc-Prolateral Accessory keel; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel;Arrows: Serrated area; Rectangles: Cusps on retrolateropical embolus. Paratype, female: D CAD 77: D. Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale line: Male: 1 mm, female: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597387/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 72 A</figureCitation>
); (6) PA placed ventrally in relation to a middle longitudinal line along prolateral tegular surface and on prolateral tegular border (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FD0DF8EADBAB3B56" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osbournei">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FD0DF8EADBAB3B56" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. osbournei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FEFBF88FDA293B57" box="[260,378,1886,1913]" captionStart="FIGURE 135" captionStartId="149.[136,235,1187,1211]" captionTargetBox="[176,1401,212,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-346@149.[151,1436,189,1164]" captionTargetPageId="149" captionText="FIGURE 135. Actinopus osbournei sp. nov., male: A–C MCTP 8859: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; PAc-Prolateral Accessory keel; PI- Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrows: Serrated area. Scale line: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597526/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 135A</figureCitation>
); or PA displaced dorsally in relation to a middle longitudinal line along prolateral tegular surface and secluded from prolateral tegular border (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FF5BF81ADA493BCA" box="[164,282,1995,2021]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apiacas">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FF5BF81ADA493BCA" box="[164,282,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. apiacas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FED7F81BDAF13BCB" box="[296,418,1994,2021]" captionStart="FIGURE 201" captionStartId="222.[136,235,1278,1302]" captionTargetBox="[184,1386,226,1200]" captionTargetId="figure-264@222.[151,1436,189,1255]" captionTargetPageId="222" captionText="FIGURE 201. Actinopus apiacas sp. nov., male: A–C MACN 1105003: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrows: Serrated area. Scale line: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597675/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 201 A</figureCitation>
); (7) Presence (as in 
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FD74F81AD8593BCA" box="[651,778,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FD74F81AD8553BCA" box="[651,774,1995,2021]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guajara">A. guajara</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FF77F83FDBAC3427" box="[136,255,2030,2057]" captionStart="FIGURE 192" captionStartId="212.[136,235,1360,1384]" captionTargetBox="[154,1410,206,1334]" captionTargetId="figure-280@212.[151,1436,189,1337]" captionTargetPageId="212" captionText="FIGURE 192. Actinopus guajara sp. nov., male: A–C IBSP 114463: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; ATP-Apical Tegular Process. D. Rastellum, dorsal; E. Rastellum, ventral. Scales lines: A–C: 1 mm; D–E: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597657/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 192 A</figureCitation>
) or absence (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FE32F83ED9443426" box="[461,535,2030,2057]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dioi">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FE32F83ED9443426" box="[461,535,2030,2057]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. dioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FDDBF83FD9C83427" box="[548,667,2030,2057]" captionStart="FIGURE 138" captionStartId="152.[136,235,1262,1286]" captionTargetBox="[164,1403,198,1196]" captionTargetId="figure-348@152.[151,1436,189,1238]" captionTargetPageId="152" captionText="FIGURE 138. Actinopus dioi sp. nov., male:A–C MPEG:A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral.PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal TegularApophysis; PAc-ProlateralAccessory keel; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrows: Serrated area. Scale line: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597532/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 138 A</figureCitation>
) of apical tegular process (ATP) (The tegular modification in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FD0DF7C2D8263C96" box="[754,885,159,2093]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jamari">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FD0DF7C2D8263C96" box="[754,885,159,2093]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. jamari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is here recognized as PA, not as ATP, because it’s surface present keels. Considering there is not a strong evidence of homology between these features we prefered to maintain 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FC4DFEDADF4E3D0A" box="[946,1053,267,293]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jamari">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FC4DFEDADF4E3D0A" box="[946,1053,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. jamari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
out from the groups.); (8) Position of ATP in prolateral view: Relatively parallel to embolus (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FC93FE82DF5E3D42" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1941" box="[876,1037,339,365]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cucutaensis">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FC93FE82DF5E3D42" box="[876,1037,339,365]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. cucutaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FBE5FE83DFC13D43" box="[1050,1170,338,365]" captionStart="FIGURE 176" captionStartId="195.[136,235,1520,1544]" captionTargetBox="[161,1420,198,1461]" captionTargetId="figure-155@195.[151,1435,189,1497]" captionTargetPageId="195" captionText="FIGURE 176. Actinopus cucutaensis (Mello-Leit„o, 1941), male:A–C MCN 17595:A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; setae: ATP-Apical Tegular Process; Serrated area. Female: D AMNH: D. Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale line: Male: 1 mm, female: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597615/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 176 B</figureCitation>
); or oblique in relation to the embolus (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FC07FEA6DF273DBE" baseAuthorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[1016,1140,374,401]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FC07FEA6DF273DBE" box="[1016,1140,374,401]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FB7EFEA7DFAB3DBF" box="[1153,1272,374,401]" captionStart="FIGURE 181" captionStartId="201.[136,235,1520,1544]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,232,1473]" captionTargetId="figure-132@201.[151,1435,189,1497]" captionTargetPageId="201" captionText="FIGURE 181. Actinopus robustus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1892), male:A–CAMNH:A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; ATP-Apical Tegular Process; setae: Serrated area. Syntype, OUMNH, female: D AMNH: D. Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scales lines: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597629/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 181 B</figureCitation>
); (9) Position of ATP on dorsal view: Almost in the same plane in relation to embolus (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FC0CFE6EDFC63DF6" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1941" box="[1011,1173,447,473]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cucutaensis">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FC0CFE6EDFC63DF6" box="[1011,1173,447,473]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. cucutaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FB5CFE6FDE4C3DF7" box="[1187,1311,446,473]" captionStart="FIGURE 176" captionStartId="195.[136,235,1520,1544]" captionTargetBox="[161,1420,198,1461]" captionTargetId="figure-155@195.[151,1435,189,1497]" captionTargetPageId="195" captionText="FIGURE 176. Actinopus cucutaensis (Mello-Leit„o, 1941), male:A–C MCN 17595:A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; setae: ATP-Apical Tegular Process; Serrated area. Female: D AMNH: D. Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale line: Male: 1 mm, female: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597615/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 176 A</figureCitation>
); or inserted obliquely in relation to the embolus (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FAEDFE32DEF63DD2" box="[1298,1445,483,509]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinnus">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FAEDFE32DEF63DD2" box="[1298,1445,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. concinnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FCD5FDD7D8F43E0F" box="[810,935,518,545]" captionStart="FIGURE 195" captionStartId="215.[136,235,1318,1342]" captionTargetBox="[154,1406,196,1283]" captionTargetId="figure-251@215.[151,1436,189,1294]" captionTargetPageId="215" captionText="FIGURE 195. Actinopus concinnus sp. nov., male: A–E AMNH: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; ATP-Apical Tegular Process; Arrows: Serrated area. D. Rastellum, dorsal; E. Rastellum, ventral. Scales lines: A–C: 1 mm; D–E: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597663" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597663/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 195 A</figureCitation>
); (10) Presence (in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FB7AFDD6DE463E0E" box="[1157,1301,519,545]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panguana">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FB7AFDD6DE463E0E" box="[1157,1301,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. panguana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FADBFDD7DED03E0E" box="[1316,1411,518,544]" captionStart="FIGURE 206" captionStartId="227.[136,235,1465,1489]" captionTargetBox="[186,1389,195,1385]" captionTargetId="figure-189@227.[151,1436,189,1441]" captionTargetPageId="227" captionText="FIGURE 206. Actinopus panguana sp. nov., male: A–C IBSP 113687: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; DTP-Distal Tegular Process; PAc- Prolateral Accessory keel; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel. Paratype, female: D AMNH: D. Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale line: Male 0.5 mm, female: 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597687/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 206</figureCitation>
A–C) or absence (as in all other species; eg. 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FAFAFDFADE233E6A" box="[1285,1392,554,581]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obidos">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FAFAFDFADE233E6A" box="[1285,1392,554,581]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. obidos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FA80FDFBD8323E47" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="33.[136,235,1652,1676]" captionTargetBox="[196,1423,202,1620]" captionTargetId="figure-77@33.[164,1423,189,1629]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 26. Actinopus obidos sp. nov., male: A–C MPEG 22274: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrows: Serrated Area. Paratype, female: D MPEG 22273: D. Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale line: Male: 0.5 mm; and female 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597292/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 26 A</figureCitation>
) of dorsal tegular process (DTP).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8163A27CFF76CEA6FCA0FDA2D83C38DF" blockId="251.[810,1452,158,1914]" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
Another informative character in the copulatory bulb is the embolar serrated area or its absence. This character may be have the following states: (1) absent (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FCB8FD0ED89B3ED6" baseAuthorityName="Doleschall" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[839,968,735,761]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nattereri">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FCB8FD0ED89B3ED6" box="[839,968,735,761]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. nattereri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FC28FD0EDF743ED7" box="[983,1063,735,761]" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="75.[136,235,1481,1505]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,200,1457]" captionTargetId="figure-196@75.[151,1436,189,1043]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 67. Actinopus nattereri (Doleschall, 1871), male: A–C INPA 3511: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral.PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal TegularApophysis; PAc-ProlateralAccessory keel; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrow: Serrated area. Paratype, female: D IBSP 13544: D. Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale line: Male: 1 mm, female: 0.5 mm. E INPA: E. Dorsal habitus, alive, with a big blue iridescent spot on dorsal abdomen. Photo: Thiago G. Carvalho." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597377/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
A–C); (2) Represented by at most two cusps below the most inferior keel (PI or PAc) (as in group 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FC8CFCF6D8E83F6F" box="[883,955,807,833]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apalai">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FC8CFCF6D8E83F6F" box="[883,955,807,833]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">apalai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FC36FCF6DF4F3F6C" box="[969,1052,807,834]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[136,235,1240,1264]" captionTargetBox="[168,1414,201,1206]" captionTargetId="figure-290@20.[151,1436,189,1217]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Actinopus apalai sp. nov., male: A–C MPEG 13184: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal tegular apophysis; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel. Scale line: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597269/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Figs 15</figureCitation>
A–C, 16 A–C); (3) Represented by three or more cusps (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FBA2FC9ADFBD3F4B" box="[1117,1262,843,869]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osbournei">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FBA2FC9ADFBD3F4B" box="[1117,1262,843,869]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. osbournei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FB01FC9ADECD3F4B" box="[1278,1438,843,870]" captionStart="FIGURE 135" captionStartId="149.[136,235,1187,1211]" captionTargetBox="[176,1401,212,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-346@149.[151,1436,189,1164]" captionTargetPageId="149" captionText="FIGURE 135. Actinopus osbournei sp. nov., male: A–C MCTP 8859: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; PAc-Prolateral Accessory keel; PI- Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrows: Serrated area. Scale line: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597526/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 135 A, C</figureCitation>
). The serrated area could be also described by the position and shape of cusps. As for the position, the serrated area could be restricted to the basal portion of embolus (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FCD5FC0AD8E33FDB" baseAuthorityName="Keyserling" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[810,944,987,1013]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassipes">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FCD5FC0AD8E33FDB" box="[810,944,987,1013]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. crassipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FC42FC0ADF073FDB" box="[957,1108,987,1013]" captionStart="FIGURE 107" captionStartId="117.[136,235,1169,1193]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,196,1142]" captionTargetId="figure-395@117.[151,1436,189,1145]" captionTargetPageId="117" captionText="FIGURE 107. Actinopus crassipes (Keyserling, 1891), male: A–C MCN 30740: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral.PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal TegularApophysis; PAc-ProlateralAccessory keel; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrows: Serrated area. Scale line: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597460/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 107 A, C</figureCitation>
); Along embolar length, below the most inferior keel (PI or PAc) (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FB2AFC2EDEF73837" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1923" box="[1237,1444,1023,1049]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubiomaculatus">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FB2AFC2EDEF73837" box="[1237,1444,1023,1049]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. dubiomaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FCD5FBF2D8EF3813" box="[810,956,1059,1085]" captionStart="FIGURE 112" captionStartId="124.[136,235,1048,1072]" captionTargetBox="[232,1413,206,1008]" captionTargetId="figure-347@124.[151,1436,189,1024]" captionTargetPageId="124" captionText="FIGURE 112 A–C. Actinopus dubiomaculatus Mello-Leit„o, 1923, male: A–C MZSP 7636: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; PAc- Prolateral Accessory keel; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrows: Serrated area. Scale line: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597470/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig.112A, C</figureCitation>
); Or widespread along entire embolar surface (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FC90FB96D8BA384F" box="[879,1001,1095,1121]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bocaina">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FC90FB96D8BA384F" box="[879,1001,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. bocaina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FC08FB96DF06384F" box="[1015,1109,1095,1121]" captionStart="FIGURE 124" captionStartId="137.[136,235,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[163,1432,225,1217]" captionTargetId="figure-309@137.[151,1436,189,1250]" captionTargetPageId="137" captionText="FIGURE 124. Actinopus bocaina sp. nov.:A–C CAD 326:A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral.PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal TegularApophysis; PAc-ProlateralAccessory keel; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrows: Serrated area; Red Circle: Reduced cusps. Scale line: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597496/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 124</figureCitation>
A–C). The morphology of the cusps is also informative in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FB8CFBBADFBC38AB" box="[1139,1263,1131,1157]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bocaina">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FB8CFBBADFBC38AB" box="[1139,1263,1131,1157]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. bocaina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, where they are square (
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FC7AFB5ED8B43887" box="[901,999,1167,1193]" captionStart="FIGURE 124" captionStartId="137.[136,235,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[163,1432,225,1217]" captionTargetId="figure-309@137.[151,1436,189,1250]" captionTargetPageId="137" captionText="FIGURE 124. Actinopus bocaina sp. nov.:A–C CAD 326:A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral.PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal TegularApophysis; PAc-ProlateralAccessory keel; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrows: Serrated area; Red Circle: Reduced cusps. Scale line: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597496/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 124</figureCitation>
A–C), opposing to the sharply pointed condition, as in all other species (eg. 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FB35FB62DE1238E3" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1920" box="[1226,1345,1203,1229]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FB35FB62DE1238E3" box="[1226,1345,1203,1229]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. pusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FAB0FB62DEF838E3" box="[1359,1451,1203,1229]" captionStart="FIGURE 118" captionStartId="131.[136,235,1088,1112]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,195,1063]" captionTargetId="figure-361@131.[151,1436,189,1065]" captionTargetPageId="131" captionText="FIGURE 118. Actinopus pusillus Mello-Leit„o, 1920, male: A–C IBSP 14552:A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; PAc-Prolateral Accessory keel; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrows: Serrated area. Scale line: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597484/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 118</figureCitation>
A–C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8163A27CFF76CEA6FCA0FB2AD8AE3B54" blockId="251.[810,1452,158,1914]" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">
The female spermathecae can have one (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FA6CFB2AD8263917" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obidos">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FA6CFB2AD8263917" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. obidos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FC7BFACED8A03914" box="[900,1011,1311,1338]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="33.[136,235,1652,1676]" captionTargetBox="[196,1423,202,1620]" captionTargetId="figure-77@33.[164,1423,189,1629]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 26. Actinopus obidos sp. nov., male: A–C MPEG 22274: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrows: Serrated Area. Paratype, female: D MPEG 22273: D. Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale line: Male: 0.5 mm; and female 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597292/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 26 D</figureCitation>
) or two receptacles (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FADCFACEDEF73917" baseAuthorityName="Doleschall" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1315,1444,1311,1337]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nattereri">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FADCFACEDEF73917" box="[1315,1444,1311,1337]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. nattereri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FCD5FA92D8CC3970" box="[810,927,1347,1374]" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="75.[136,235,1481,1505]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,200,1457]" captionTargetId="figure-196@75.[151,1436,189,1043]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 67. Actinopus nattereri (Doleschall, 1871), male: A–C INPA 3511: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral.PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal TegularApophysis; PAc-ProlateralAccessory keel; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrow: Serrated area. Paratype, female: D IBSP 13544: D. Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale line: Male: 1 mm, female: 0.5 mm. E INPA: E. Dorsal habitus, alive, with a big blue iridescent spot on dorsal abdomen. Photo: Thiago G. Carvalho." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597377/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 67 D</figureCitation>
). Each receptacle can have one (unilobed, as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FCB7FAB9D89939AF" baseAuthorityName="Doleschall" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[840,970,1384,1410]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nattereri">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FCB7FAB9D89939AF" box="[840,970,1384,1410]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. nattereri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FC25FAB6DF1A39AF" box="[986,1097,1383,1409]" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="75.[136,235,1481,1505]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,200,1457]" captionTargetId="figure-196@75.[151,1436,189,1043]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 67. Actinopus nattereri (Doleschall, 1871), male: A–C INPA 3511: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral.PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal TegularApophysis; PAc-ProlateralAccessory keel; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrow: Serrated area. Paratype, female: D IBSP 13544: D. Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale line: Male: 1 mm, female: 0.5 mm. E INPA: E. Dorsal habitus, alive, with a big blue iridescent spot on dorsal abdomen. Photo: Thiago G. Carvalho." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597377/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 67 A</figureCitation>
), two (bilobed, as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FAC1FAB9DEF739AF" box="[1342,1444,1384,1410]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ipioca">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FAC1FAB9DEF739AF" box="[1342,1444,1384,1410]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. ipioca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FCD5FA5AD8CE3988" box="[810,925,1419,1446]" captionStart="FIGURE 88" captionStartId="98.[136,235,1520,1544]" captionTargetBox="[170,1411,201,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-177@98.[151,1435,189,1497]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURE 88. Actinopus ipioca sp. nov., male: A–C IBSP 112597: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; PAc-Prolateral Accessory keel; PI- Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrows: Serrated area. Paratype, female: D IBSP: D. Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scales lines: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597422/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 88 D</figureCitation>
) or three (trilobed, as in the right receptacle on dorsal surface of 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FBEEFA61DFCD39E7" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1938" box="[1041,1182,1456,1482]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinotatus">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FBEEFA61DFCD39E7" box="[1041,1182,1456,1482]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. trinotatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FB52FA7EDE7439E7" box="[1197,1319,1455,1481]" captionStart="FIGURE 220" captionStartId="243.[136,235,808,832]" captionTargetBox="[219,1377,195,731]" captionTargetId="figure-537@243.[193,1394,189,784]" captionTargetPageId="243" captionText="FIGURE 220 A. Actinopus trinotatus Mello-Leit„o, 1938, holotype, female: A IBSP 3431: A. Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale line: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597717/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 220 A</figureCitation>
) lobes. The occurrence, in several species, of intraspecific variation in the shape of spermathecae and number of lobes is a complication factor and, for this reason, these characters must be evaluated in combination with another important characteristic of the female spermathecae: the distribution of pores along receptacles surface. The pore distribution may be presented as: (1) Widespread on 75% of receptacle apical portion (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FBF1F901DFDD3AC7" baseAuthorityName="Doleschall" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1038,1166,1744,1770]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nattereri">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FBF1F901DFDD3AC7" box="[1038,1166,1744,1770]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. nattereri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FB63F91EDE5B3AC4" box="[1180,1288,1743,1770]" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="75.[136,235,1481,1505]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,200,1457]" captionTargetId="figure-196@75.[151,1436,189,1043]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 67. Actinopus nattereri (Doleschall, 1871), male: A–C INPA 3511: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral.PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal TegularApophysis; PAc-ProlateralAccessory keel; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrow: Serrated area. Paratype, female: D IBSP 13544: D. Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale line: Male: 1 mm, female: 0.5 mm. E INPA: E. Dorsal habitus, alive, with a big blue iridescent spot on dorsal abdomen. Photo: Thiago G. Carvalho." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597377/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 67 D</figureCitation>
); Occurring in 100% of the receptacle surface (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FB20F925DE3D3B23" box="[1247,1390,1779,1806]" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laventana">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FB20F925DE3D3B23" box="[1247,1390,1779,1806]" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. laventana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FA80F922D8203B1C" captionStart="FIGURE 129" captionStartId="142.[136,235,1421,1445]" captionTargetBox="[176,1391,200,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-233@142.[151,1435,189,1397]" captionTargetPageId="142" captionText="FIGURE 129. Actinopus laventana sp. nov., male: A–C LZI M135: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; PAc-Prolateral Accessory keel; PI- Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrows: Serrated area. Paratype, female: D FCE-MY 977: D. Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scales lines: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597508/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 129 D</figureCitation>
); and (3) occurring in 100% of receptacle surface and extended to portions of the basal membrane (as in 
<taxonomicName id="46DCD9FFFF76CEA6FA6CF8EDD8263B57" class="Arachnida" family="Actinopodidae" genus="Actinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obidos">
<emphasis id="B3A87E6EFF76CEA6FA6CF8EDD8263B57" italics="true" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">A. obidos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E7BEF9FF76CEA6FC7DF88ED8A23B54" box="[898,1009,1887,1914]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="33.[136,235,1652,1676]" captionTargetBox="[196,1423,202,1620]" captionTargetId="figure-77@33.[164,1423,189,1629]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 26. Actinopus obidos sp. nov., male: A–C MPEG 22274: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrows: Serrated Area. Paratype, female: D MPEG 22273: D. Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale line: Male: 0.5 mm; and female 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5597292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5597292/files/figure.png" pageId="251" pageNumber="252">Fig. 26 D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>