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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.582.7684" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ccf9ce1b-6566-48fe-a3a5-ca83eee6ab8a" ID-PMC="PMC4857046" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-582-13" ID-PubMed="27199586" ID-ZBK="00296D5BFDE44257B93F2D1C2D889200" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-582-13" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 582" ModsDocTitle="Systematics of testudacarine torrent mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Torrenticolidae) with descriptions of 13 new species from North America" checkinTime="1461288000862" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="O'Neill, Joseph C., Fisher, J. Ray, Nelson, Whitney A., Skvarla, Micheal J., Fisher, Danielle M. &amp; Dowling, Ashley P. G." docDate="2016" docId="855C7F295C85D047C2269CB1A31A3EC7" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 582: 13-110" docOrigin="ZooKeys 582" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.582.7684" docTitle="Testudacarus minimus Marshall 1943" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="BD769D09FFA6B5624614FC26FFE2FFE9" masterDocTitle="Systematics of testudacarine torrent mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Torrenticolidae) with descriptions of 13 new species from North America" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1668163022662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Systematics of testudacarine torrent mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Torrenticolidae) with descriptions of 13 new species from North America</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>O'Neill, Joseph C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Fisher, J. Ray</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Nelson, Whitney A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Skvarla, Micheal J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Fisher, Danielle M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Dowling, Ashley P. G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>582</mods:number>
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<mods:start>13</mods:start>
<mods:end>110</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.582.7684</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.582.7684</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-582-13</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127902283" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:855C7F295C85D047C2269CB1A31A3EC7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/855C7F295C85D047C2269CB1A31A3EC7" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="14" pageNumber="27">
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="27" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="27">Taxon classification Animalia Trombidiformes Torrenticolidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/CD1D1B50-6A37-4099-86D7-A6DAB8A17CA6" authority="Marshall, 1943" authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1943" class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus minimus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">Testudacarus minimus Marshall, 1943</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus minimus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">Testudacarus minimus</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Marshall, R" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Microscopical Society" pageId="81" pageNumber="94" pagination="306 - 324" title="Hydracarina from California. Part I." url="10.2307/3223036" volume="62" year="1943">Marshall 1943</bibRefCitation>
: 322;
<bibRefCitation author="Bergstrom, D" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Microscoicpal Society" pageId="79" pageNumber="92" pagination="157 - 162" title="Hydracarina from the Rocky Mountain Region." url="10.2307/3223514" volume="72" year="1953">Bergstrom 1953</bibRefCitation>
: 159;
<bibRefCitation author="Mitchell, RD" journalOrPublisher="Fieldiana: Zoology" pageId="81" pageNumber="94" pagination="27 - 70" title="Check list of North American water-mites." volume="35" year="1954">Mitchell 1954</bibRefCitation>
: 40;
<bibRefCitation author="Imamura, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan" pageId="80" pageNumber="93" pagination="181 - 192" title="Crenophilous and rheophilous water-mites from Mishima and its vicinity." volume="16 - 19" year="1955">Imamura 1955</bibRefCitation>
: 182, 188;
<bibRefCitation author="Viets, K" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fischer, Jena" pageId="83" pageNumber="96" title="Die milben des suesswassers und des meeres: Hydrachnellae und Halacaridae (Acari). Zweiter un dritter teil. Katalog und nomenklator." year="1956">Viets 1956</bibRefCitation>
: 255;
<bibRefCitation author="Habeeb, H" journalOrPublisher="Le Naturaliste Canadien" pageId="80" pageNumber="93" pagination="19 - 25" title="List of North American water-mites." volume="86" year="1959 a">Habeeb 1959a</bibRefCitation>
: 21;
<bibRefCitation author="Crowell, RM" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="79" pageNumber="92" pagination="321 - 359" title="Catalogue of the distribution and ecological relationship of North American Hydracarina." url="10.4039/Ent93321-5" volume="93" year="1961">Crowell 1961</bibRefCitation>
: 329;
<bibRefCitation author="Mitchell, RD" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Morphology" pageId="81" pageNumber="94" pagination="41 - 59" title="The structure and evolution of water-mite mouthparts." volume="110" year="1962">Mitchell 1962</bibRefCitation>
: 42;
<bibRefCitation author="Lundblad, CO" journalOrPublisher="Arkiv foer Zoologi" pageId="80" pageNumber="93" pagination="391 - 419" title="Wassermilben von Hinterindien." volume="19" year="1967">Lundblad 1967</bibRefCitation>
: 418;
<bibRefCitation author="Conroy, JC" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the National Museum of Canada" pageId="79" pageNumber="92" pagination="23 - 42" title="The water-mites of western Canada." volume="223" year="1968">Conroy 1968</bibRefCitation>
: 29;
<bibRefCitation author="Habeeb, H" journalOrPublisher="Leaflets of Acadian Biology" pageId="80" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 2" title="New genera of water-mites." volume="61" year="1974 a">Habeeb 1974a</bibRefCitation>
: 1;
<bibRefCitation author="Conroy, JC" journalOrPublisher="Syesis" pageId="79" pageNumber="92" pagination="305 - 310" title="An annotated checklist of the water mites (Acari) of British Columbia." volume="8" year="1975">Conroy and Scudder 1975</bibRefCitation>
: 307;
<bibRefCitation author="Imamura, T" journalOrPublisher="Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses" pageId="80" pageNumber="93" pagination="279 - 284" title="Two new species of water-mites from Nikko National Park, Japan." volume="49" year="1976">Imamura 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 283;
<bibRefCitation author="Viets, KO" journalOrPublisher="Sonderbaende des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg" pageId="83" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 1012" title="Die milben des Suesswassers (Hydrachnellae und Halacaridae [part.], Acari). 2: Katalog." volume="8" year="1987">Viets 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 724-725;
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, IM" editor="Scudder, GGE" journalOrPublisher="Academic Press, San Diego" pageId="83" pageNumber="96" title="Assessment of Species Diversity in the Montane Cordillera Ecozone" url="http://www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/assets/Montane-Cordillera-Ecozone.pdf" year="2011">Smith et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 262.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus americanus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">Testudacarus americanus</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Habeeb, H" journalOrPublisher="Leaflets of Acadian Biology" pageId="80" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 8" title="A check list of North American water-mites." volume="43" year="1967">Habeeb 1967</bibRefCitation>
: 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus americanus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="americanus" subSpecies="minimus">Testudacarus americanus minimus</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Habeeb, H" journalOrPublisher="Leaflets of Acadian Biology" pageId="80" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 2" title="Notes on water-mites - II. (erratum: III)." volume="51" year="1969">Habeeb 1969</bibRefCitation>
: 2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="27" type="type series">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="27">Type series.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="27">Holotype (1♂): California, USA: 1♂ from Santa Cruz County, Waddell Creek, 30-31 August 1933, by PR Needham, RM330016.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="14" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="27">Other material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="14" pageNumber="27">
Other (15♀, 15♂): Montana, USA: 2♂ from Ravalli County, Bitterroot National Forest, Lost Horse River, downstream of confluence of North Lost Horse (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.11861">45°7'7.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-114.3">114°18'0.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 3 August 2012, by JR Fisher and WA Nelson, ROW12-0803-006; 1♂ from Powell County, Monture Creek, at
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="28" start="start">fishing</pageBreakToken>
access off Highway 200 west of Ovando (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.0375">47°2'15.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-112.22">112°13'12.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 9 August 2012, by AJ Radwell and JA Hinsey, AJR12-0809-415A; Washington, USA: 2♂ from Snohomish County, Mount Baker National Forest, Clean Creek, (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="48.21889">48°13'8.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-121.56861">121°34'7.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 28 July 2013, by JC
<normalizedToken originalValue="ONeill">O'Neill</normalizedToken>
and WA Nelson, JNOW13-0728-007; 2♀ from Jefferson County, Olympic National Forest, Snow Creek, (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.93639">47°56'11.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-122.94806">122°56'53.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 22 July 2013, by WA Nelson and JC
<normalizedToken originalValue="ONeill">O'Neill</normalizedToken>
, JNOW13-0722-001; 2♀ from Grays Harbor County, Capitol State Forest, Porter Creek, (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="46.97028">46°58'13.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-123.26723">123°16'2.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 25 July 2013, JC
<normalizedToken originalValue="ONeill">O'Neill</normalizedToken>
and WA Nelson, JNOW13-0725-005; 1♀ from Skamania County, Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Lewis Creek, (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="46.127777">46°7'40.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-121.99">121°59'24.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 1 August 2013, by JC
<normalizedToken originalValue="ONeill">O'Neill</normalizedToken>
and WA Nelson, JNOW13-0801-004; California, USA: 1♂ from Inyo County, Inyo National Forest, Bishop Creek, downstream of campground (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="37.289722">37°17'23.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-118.553894">118°33'14.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 2 September 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF13-0902-003; 2♀ from Nevada County, Tahoe National Forest, Sagehen Creek, off Route 89 (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="39.43389">39°26'2.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-120.20472">120°12'17.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 26 August 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF13-0826-006; 1♀ from Siskiyou County, Klamath National Forest, Shadow Creek, off Cecilville Road, (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.203613">41°12'13.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-123.07166">123°4'18.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 17 August 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF13-0817-002; Wyoming, USA: 1♂ from Albany County, North Fork of Little Laramie River, at bridge on Highway 130 (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.32833">41°19'42.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-106.16167">106°9'42.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 3 August 2012, by AJ Radwell and JA Hinsey, AJR12-0803-406; 2♂ from Albany County, South Clear Creek, across from Southfork Campground on Highway 16 (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.276665">44°16'36.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-106.95111">106°57'4.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 14 August 2012, by AJ Radwell and JA Hinsey, AJR12-0814-419; 1♀ from Fremont County, Wind River, off County Road 773 30 miles east of Moran on Highway 26/287 (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.718056">43°43'5.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-110.8">110°48'0.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 5 August 2012, by AJ Radwell and JA Hinsey, AJR12-0805-410; Utah, USA: 2♂ from Cache County, Wasatch-Cache National Forest, Jordan River, (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.7425">41°44'33.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-111.76583">111°45'57.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 24 July 2012, by JR Fisher and WA Nelson, ROW12-0724-004; Idaho, USA: 2♂ from Blaine County, Sawtooth National Forest, Baker Creek, (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.75778">43°45'28.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-114.562225">114°33'44.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 28 July 2012, by JR Fisher and WA Nelson, ROW12-0728-001; 2♂ from Lemhi County, Salmon National Forest, Niapas Creek at confluence with Panther Creek, (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.1375">45°8'15.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-114.21778">114°13'4.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 2 August 2012, by JR Fisher and WA Nelson, ROW12-0802-003; Colorado, USA: 1♀ from Gunnison County, Quartz Creek, north of Ohio City on County Road 76 mile marker 11 (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="38.567223">38°34'2.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-106.56833">106°34'6.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 1 August 2012, by AJ Radwell and JA Hinsey, AJR12-0801-403A; Oregon, USA: 1♀ from Tillamook County, Siuslaw National Forest, Alder Creek, (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.1575">45°9'27.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-123.8">123°47'60.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 6 August 2013, by JC
<normalizedToken originalValue="ONeill">O'Neill</normalizedToken>
, JNOW13-0806-002; 1♀ from Lane County, Gate Creek, (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.146667">44°8'48.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-122.57222">122°34'20.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 11 August 2013, by JC
<normalizedToken originalValue="ONeill">O'Neill</normalizedToken>
and WA Nelson, JNOW 13-0811-001; 1♀ from Curry County, Rogue River National Forest, Elk River, off National Forest Road 5325 (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="42.71278">42°42'46.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-124.31139">124°18'41.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 13 August 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF13-0813-003; Arizona, USA: 1♀ from Cochise County, Chirichua Mountains west of Portal, East Turkey Creek, off Forest Road 42 above junction with Forest Road 42B (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="31.908888">31°54'32.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-109.25305">109°15'11.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 15 May 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110003; 1♀ from Cochise County, Chiricahua Mountains west of Portal, East Turkey Creek,
<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="29" start="start">off</pageBreakToken>
Forest Road 42 just above junction with Forest Road 42B (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="31.908888">31°54'32.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-109.25305">109°15'11.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 15 May 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110004.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="29" type="type deposition">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Type deposition.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Holotype (1♂) deposited at the CNC.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus minimus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">Testudacarus minimus</taxonomicName>
most resemble
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus vulgaris" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Testudacarus vulgaris</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus deceptivus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deceptivus">Testudacarus deceptivus</taxonomicName>
. Throughout the majority of their shared range in the west,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus minimus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">Testudacarus minimus</taxonomicName>
are orange to red and
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus vulgaris" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Testudacarus vulgaris</taxonomicName>
are violet to blue. While these two species have overlapping size ranges,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus minimus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">Testudacarus minimus</taxonomicName>
are generally larger.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus vulgaris" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Testudacarus vulgaris</taxonomicName>
females rarely exhibit a dorsal length over 600
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
and males rarely exceed 500
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
while
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus minimus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">Testudacarus minimus</taxonomicName>
females and males are usually larger than 600 and 500
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, respectively.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus deceptivus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deceptivus">Testudacarus deceptivus</taxonomicName>
have only been found in two counties in California and cannot be distinguished from either
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus minimus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">Testudacarus minimus</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus vulgaris" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Testudacarus vulgaris</taxonomicName>
using morphology.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus minimus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">Testudacarus minimus</taxonomicName>
are the only members of their complex that have been found in Washington and northern Oregon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" type="redescription">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Female (n=14) with characteristics of the genus with following specifications.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum [154-173 ventral length; 96-108 dorsal length; 90-105 tall] elliptic to ovoid with short rostrum. Chelicerae [133-152 long] unmodified with slightly curved fangs [29-32 long]. Pedipalp [181-202 long] unmodified. Trochanter [25-30 long; 30-35 wide]. Femur [49-58 long; 38-42 wide]. Genu [38-42 long; 32-35 wide]. Tibia [45-52 long; 22-25 wide]. Tarsus [19-23 long; 9-12 wide].</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Dorsum (Fig. 13) - [571-699 long; 442-533 wide] round to ovoid. Dorsal plate [464-591 long; 375-457 wide]. Primary sclerotization [405-467 long] color variable (Fig. 14). Dorso-glandularia-4 [190-250 apart] in line with and lateral to [51-71] muscle scars. Platelets mostly colorless but with hints of primary sclerotization color. All three anterior platelets with color either completely absent or present proximally but restricted distally. Anterio-medial platelet [115-139 long; 73-86 wide] rounded trapezoid noticeably smaller than anterio-lateral platelets [161-190 long; 65-86 wide]. Lateral platelets as follows: lateral-1 [42-63 long; 28-43 wide]; lateral-2 [120-148 long; 24-36 wide]; lateral-3 [32-46 long; 16-24 wide]; lateral-4 [91-138 long; 22-32 wide]; lateral-5 [41-68 long; 21-37 wide]; lateral-6 [76-117 long; 19-41 wide]; lateral-7 [49-78 long; 19-34 wide].</paragraph>
<caption pageId="16" pageNumber="29">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="29">
Figure 13.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus minimus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">Testudacarus minimus</taxonomicName>
female: (Left) dorsum; (Right) venter. Scale: 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Venter (Fig. 13) - [731-865 long; 466-556 wide] round to ovoid. Primary sclerotization [566-658 long] usually with dorsal plate color or colorless. Gnathosomal bay [54-82 dorsal length; 122-158 ventral length; 49-65 wide]. Coxal field [434-495 long; 303-366 wide]. Coxa-I [231-261 long; 94-111 midlength]. Coxa-II + III [105-127 distance to top of coxa-II; 171-201 distance to top of coxa-III; 312-362 distance to bottom of coxa-III; 201-242 total length]. Coxa-IV [434-495 distance to top; 132-155 total length]. Genital field [288-340 distance to top; 450-512 distance to bottom; 142-183 total length; 124-150 width; 164-184 distance from gnathosomal bay; 57-81 distance from coxa-I; 182-226 distance to excretory pore; 276-353 distance to caudad]. Eggs [130-135 long; 1-4 eggs]. Distance to excretory pore [637-737].</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">
Legs - colorless, or with same color as dorsal plate. Total leg and podomere lengths as follows: Leg-I [428-477 total; trochanter 48-55; basifemur 72-85; telofemur 60-69; genu 78-90; tibia 83-95; tarsus 79-92]. Leg-II [453-530 total; trochanter 54-62;
<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="30" start="start">basifemur</pageBreakToken>
74-87; telofemur 58-68; genu 83-96; tibia 96-110; tarsus 99-113]. Leg-III [440-625 total; trochanter 55-65; basifemur 76-88; telofemur 64-76; genu 106-117; tibia 120-137; tarsus 131-148]. Leg-IV [677-843 total; trochanter 87-97; basifemur 106-120; telofemur 111-122; genu 146-160; tibia 160-173; tarsus 147-180].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="30">Male (n=16) similar to female except for sexually dimorphic characters previously discussed and with following specifications.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="30">Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum [138-164 ventral length; 88-105 dorsal length; 83-93 tall]. Chelicerae [120-145 long]. Fangs [27-30 long]. Pedipalp [181-206 long]. Trochanter [24-32 long; 28-33 wide]. Femur [48-59 long; 35-40 wide]. Genu [38-46 long; 29-34 wide]. Tibia [43-54 long; 19-25 wide]. Tarsus [16-22 long; 9-12 wide].</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="30">Dorsum (Fig. 15) - [486-549 long; 356-417 wide]. Dorsal plate [406-470 long; 315-372 wide]. Dorso-glandularia-4 [141-219 apart] slightly anterior to [15-52] and well lateral to [31-64] muscle scars. Anterio-medial platelet [99-129 long; 63-80 wide]. Anterio-lateral platelets [151-179 long; 59-76 wide]. Lateral platelets as follows: lateral-1 [31-46 long; 23-32 wide]; lateral-2 [99-124 long; 20-28 wide]; lateral-3 [34-48 long; 14-23 wide]; lateral-4 [65-97 long; 17-28 wide]; lateral-5 [39-56 long; 15-27 wide]; lateral-6 [51-69 long; 17-28 wide]; lateral-7 [42-56 long; 18-28 wide].</paragraph>
<caption pageId="17" pageNumber="30">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="30">
Figure 14.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus minimus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">Testudacarus minimus</taxonomicName>
color variation.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="17" pageNumber="30">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="30">
Figure 15.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus minimus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">Testudacarus minimus</taxonomicName>
male: (Left) dorsum; (Right) venter. Scale: 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="31">
<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="31" start="start">Venter</pageBreakToken>
(Fig. 15) - [596-717 long; 379-457 wide]. Primary sclerotization [564-650 long]. Gnathosomal bay [53-68 dorsal length; 120-150 ventral length; 51-63 wide]. Coxal field [412-480 long; 290-329 wide]. Coxa-I [215-249 long; 83-105 midlength]. Coxa-II + III [95-115 distance to top of coxa-II; 158-191 distance to top of coxa-III; 329-380 distance to bottom of coxa-III; 230-265 total length]. Coxa-IV [293-328 length to top; 119-153 total length]. Genital field [357-406 distance to top; 493-569 distance to bottom; 129-164 total length; 114-127 width; 228-258 distance from gnathosomal bay; 128-160 distance from coxa-I; 63-91 distance to excretory pore; 101-154 distance to caudad]. Genital skeleton [190-215 long; 93-109 wide]. Distance to excretory pore [564-650].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="31">Legs - total leg and podomere lengths as follows: Leg-I [435-483 total; trochanter 53-63; basifemur 75-84; telofemur 57-69; genu 78-89; tibia 82-93; tarsus 80-90]. Leg-II [458-518 total; trochanter 52-64; basifemur 75-87; telofemur 59-69; genu 79-90; tibia 92-104; tarsus 96-109]. Leg-III [530-599 total; trochanter 54-62; basifemur 75-88; telofemur 63-72; genu 97-111; tibia 114-133; tarsus 124-137]. Leg-IV [722-813 total; trochanter 81-95; basifemur 102-122; telofemur 103-118; genu 130-159; tibia 150-167; tarsus 145-158].</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="32" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="32">
<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="32" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="32">Abundant throughout North America, ranging from the Pacific Northwest to the southwestern United States (and potentially into northern Mexico), and east into the western Great Plains.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="32" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="32">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="32">
Commonly colorless or orange in the southwestern United States; red, pink, or
<normalizedToken originalValue="orangered">orange-red</normalizedToken>
in the northwest, Rocky Mountains, and western Great Plains; and uncommonly
<normalizedToken originalValue="redviolent">red-violent</normalizedToken>
in the northwest, Rocky Mountains, and western Great Plains.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>