192 lines
23 KiB
XML
192 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="A663B4F725478464D9E8549355D8D53D" ID-CLB-Dataset="29254" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.30" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8d7baec4-4e6a-4ebb-95e6-bc67cb11cbe9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1446935" ID-ZooBank="02F2A73B-8B5B-4773-A1EF-0F5DF184C370" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538747938408" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Carrera-Martínez, Roberto & Callaham, Mac A." docDate="2018" docId="3A3887DDFD25FF8062C58D64FCC7FD88" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4496.1.30.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4496 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Lumbricus rubellus Hoffmeister 1843" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="412" masterDocId="C601FFA5FD25FF816252886FFFDEFF90" masterDocTitle="Observations on an epilobic Lumbricus rubellus (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, USA" masterLastPageNumber="413" masterPageNumber="411" pageNumber="411" updateTime="1698566831960" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="11019761BAF18EC2037EF5E1BB04055E">Observations on an epilobic Lumbricus rubellus (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5C8B493C6FAC21F03D05ADB1E317613C">Carrera-Martínez, Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D541C4AAB02C4A75C8C0C3DF7D4CA703">Callaham, Mac A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F9B55747D48D734CB1CFAB7CF0406E0A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F69B67DA783C1818689AF85A74228AFE">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="F8CBDC91FCB5130434103856316AE8EF" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.30</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3A3887DDFD25FF8062C58D64FCC7FD88" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5997430" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148639953" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5997430" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A3887DDFD25FF8062C58D64FCC7FD88" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3A3887DDFD25FF8062C58D64FCC7FD88" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="412" pageId="0" pageNumber="411">
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<subSubSection id="FA8B6540FD25FF8162C58D64FD49FAF9" pageId="0" pageNumber="411" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B22E36CBFD25FF8162C58D64FDB7FAB5" blockId="0.[151,617,1291,1317]" box="[151,617,1291,1317]" pageId="0" pageNumber="411">
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<heading id="E96681A7FD25FF8162C58D64FDB7FAB5" bold="true" box="[151,617,1291,1317]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="411" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="75914D48FD25FF8162C58D64FDB7FAB5" authority="Hoffmeister, 1843" authorityName="Hoffmeister" authorityYear="1843" box="[151,617,1291,1317]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="0" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rubellus">
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<emphasis id="80E5EAD9FD25FF8162C58D64FDB7FAB5" bold="true" box="[151,617,1291,1317]" pageId="0" pageNumber="411">
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<emphasis id="80E5EAD9FD25FF8162C58D64FE58FAB5" bold="true" box="[151,390,1291,1317]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="411">Lumbricus rubellus</emphasis>
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Hoffmeister, 1843
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B22E36CBFD25FF8162C58D3EFD49FAF9" blockId="0.[151,1437,1360,2033]" box="[151,663,1360,1385]" pageId="0" pageNumber="411">
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For a list of synonyms see
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<bibRefCitation id="D6004B3AFD25FF8163918D3FFD4DFAF9" box="[451,659,1360,1385]" pageId="0" pageNumber="411" refId="ref1042" refString="Blakemore, R. J. (2002) Cosmopolitan earthworms: an eco-taxonomic guide to the peregrine species of the World. VermEcology, Kippax, 506 pp. [CD publication]" type="book">Blakemore (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FA8B6540FD25FF8062958D1AFCC7FD88" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="412" pageId="0" pageNumber="411" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B22E36CBFD25FF8162958D1AFE00FA45" blockId="0.[151,1437,1360,2033]" pageId="0" pageNumber="411">
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<materialsCitation id="02F93C96FD25FF8162958D1AFE00FA45" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1914265528" collectingDate="2011-07-27" collectionCode="USDA" collectorName="One & M. A. Callaham & H. Ikeda" country="United States of America" county="Jr" latitude="35.5538" location="Forest Service" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.9943" municipality="Callaham" pageId="0" pageNumber="411" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tennessee">
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<collectorName id="1F64531DFD25FF8162958D1AFF28FA1D" box="[199,246,1397,1421]" pageId="0" pageNumber="411">One</collectorName>
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adult (SI.0086, collection of
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<collectorName id="1F64531DFD25FF8160308D1AFCC7FA1D" box="[610,793,1396,1421]" pageId="0" pageNumber="411">M.A. Callaham</collectorName>
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, Jr.,
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<collectionCode id="D480AE0EFD25FF8161088D1AFC78FA1D" box="[858,934,1397,1421]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/e3b9-k2i3" name="United States Department of Agriculture" pageId="0" pageNumber="411">USDA</collectionCode>
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<location id="B74E6010FD25FF8161E68D1AFBBEFA1D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A3887DDFD25FF8062C58D64FCC7FD88:B74E6010FD25FF8161E68D1AFBBEFA1D" box="[948,1120,1396,1421]" country="United States of America" county="Jr" latitude="35.5538" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.9943" municipality="Callaham" name="Forest Service" pageId="0" pageNumber="411" stateProvince="Tennessee">Forest Service</location>
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),
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<location id="B74E6010FD25FF8166298D1AFEE6FA21" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A3887DDFD25FF8062C58D64FCC7FD88:B74E6010FD25FF8166298D1AFEE6FA21" country="United States of America" county="Jr" latitude="35.5538" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.9943" municipality="Callaham" name="Great Smoky Mountains National Park" pageId="0" pageNumber="411" stateProvince="Tennessee">
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<location id="B74E6010FD25FF8166298D1AFA42FA1D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A3887DDFD25FF8062C58D64FCC7FD88:B74E6010FD25FF8166298D1AFA42FA1D" box="[1147,1436,1396,1421]" country="United States of America" county="Jr" latitude="35.5538" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.9943" municipality="Callaham" name="Great Smoky Mountains" pageId="0" pageNumber="411" stateProvince="Tennessee">
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Great Smoky
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<location id="B74E6010FD25FF8167768D1BFA42FA1D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A3887DDFD25FF8062C58D64FCC7FD88:B74E6010FD25FF8167768D1BFA42FA1D" box="[1316,1436,1396,1421]" country="United States of America" county="Jr" latitude="35.5538" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.9943" municipality="Callaham" name="Mountains National Park" pageId="0" pageNumber="411" stateProvince="Tennessee">Mountains</location>
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</location>
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National Park
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</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="7055F829FD25FF8163148DF6FE62FA20" box="[326,444,1433,1456]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="0" pageNumber="411">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="CA86765BFD25FF8163988DF6FDDCFA21" box="[458,514,1433,1457]" name="United States of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="411">USA</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="D7A5500CFD25FF8160478DF7FD56FA21" box="[533,648,1432,1457]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="411" precision="5" value="35.5538">35.5538N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="D7A5500CFD25FF8160C58DF6FCCFFA21" box="[663,785,1433,1457]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="411" precision="5" value="-83.9943">83.9943W</geoCoordinate>
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), close to
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<location id="B74E6010FD25FF8161D98DF7FB57FA21" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A3887DDFD25FF8062C58D64FCC7FD88:B74E6010FD25FF8161D98DF7FB57FA21" box="[907,1161,1432,1457]" country="United States of America" county="Jr" latitude="35.5538" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.9943" municipality="Callaham" name="Abrams Creek Shoals" pageId="0" pageNumber="411" stateProvince="Tennessee">
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<location id="B74E6010FD25FF8161D98DF7FBEFFA21" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A3887DDFD25FF8062C58D64FCC7FD88:B74E6010FD25FF8161D98DF7FBEFFA21" box="[907,1073,1432,1457]" country="United States of America" county="Jr" latitude="35.5538" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-83.9943" municipality="Callaham" name="Abrams Creek" pageId="0" pageNumber="411" stateProvince="Tennessee">Abrams Creek</location>
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Shoals
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</location>
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, coll.
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<collectorName id="1F64531DFD25FF8166818DF6FAE8FA21" box="[1235,1334,1432,1457]" pageId="0" pageNumber="411">H. Ikeda</collectorName>
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& M.A.
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<collectingMunicipality id="524AACB1FD25FF8162C58DD3FEDBFA45" box="[151,261,1468,1493]" pageId="0" pageNumber="411">Callaham</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="5B4F4E47FD25FF8163428DD2FEF6FA44" box="[272,296,1469,1492]" pageId="0" pageNumber="411">Jr</collectingCounty>
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;
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<collectingDate id="D66BE9E3FD25FF8163618DD2FE04FA45" box="[307,474,1469,1493]" pageId="0" pageNumber="411" value="2011-07-27">
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<date id="C62F100BFD25FF8163618DD2FE04FA45" box="[307,474,1469,1493]" pageId="0" pageNumber="411" value="2011-07-27">27 JULY 2011</date>
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</collectingDate>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B22E36CBFD25FF8162958D8FFA9CF941" blockId="0.[151,1437,1360,2033]" pageId="0" pageNumber="411">
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Length at least
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<quantity id="75699B2EFD25FF81632A8D8EFE17FA68" box="[376,457,1505,1529]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="411" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
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(posterior amputation), width at x
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<quantity id="75699B2EFD25FF81610B8D8EFC6DFA68" box="[857,947,1505,1529]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="0" pageNumber="411" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
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, at clitellum
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<quantity id="75699B2EFD25FF8166188D8FFB7AFA68" box="[1098,1188,1504,1529]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="411" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
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. Prostomium epilobic (
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<figureCitation id="2AAA2A4EFD25FF8162CD8E6BFF3CF98D" box="[159,226,1540,1565]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1502,1524]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Epilobic prostomium of the specimen of Lumbricus rubellus." pageId="0" pageNumber="411">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). Number of segments more than 45. First dorsal pore in 5/6, small and hidden by overlapping segments. Color of preserved specimen purple, with a pale ventrum and dark-yellowish clitellum. Setae lumbricine, closely paired. At x aa:ab:bc:cd = 10:4:13:3, dd = 1/2 of body circumference. Spermathecal pores in
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<date id="C62F100BFD25FF8166B48E22FA49F9F5" box="[1254,1431,1612,1637]" pageId="0" pageNumber="411" value="2011-09-10" valueMax="2011-09-10" valueMin="2011-09-10">9/10 and 10/11</date>
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, inconspicuous and level with d. Female pores in xiv, lateral to b. Male pores in xv, lateral to b. Clitellum in xxvii– xxxii, saddle-shaped. Tubercula pubertatis in xxviii–xxxi in the ventral margin of clitellum, not well developed or differentiated. Nephridiopores anterior in each segment not forming regular rows, level with or dorsal to b.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B22E36CBFD25FF8162958EB2FE3CF861" blockId="0.[151,1437,1360,2033]" pageId="0" pageNumber="411">
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Septa 6/7–
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<date id="C62F100BFD25FF81631B8EB3FDD5F965" box="[329,523,1756,1781]" pageId="0" pageNumber="411" value="1919-11-12" valueMax="1919-11-18" valueMin="1919-11-12">11/12 and 18/19</date>
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–20/21 slightly muscular, 17/18 extremely thin and delicate. Pharynx well developed, ends in v. Calciferous glands paired in xi and xii, sacks in x, and oesophagous with calciferous lamellae in xiii. Crop in xv–xvi. Gizzard in xvii–xviii, without definite boundary from the crop. Intestinal origin in xxi. Typhlosole well developed and filiform with wrinkles oriented dorsoventrally, about 3/4 of the lumen diameter, starting abruptly in xxii. Spermathecae paired in ix and x, without diverticula. Ampulla globular, with a short duct connecting with the intersegmental furrows. Seminal vesicles in ix, xi and xii, size increasing posteriorly. Those in xii extending to xiii, passing through the 12/13 septum. Testes in x and xi. Ovaries in xiii. Meganephridia tubular and coiled. Bladder J-shaped.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B22E36CBFD24FF80629588F8FCC7FD88" blockId="1.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="1" pageNumber="412">
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The internal characters of this specimen follow the diagnosis of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="75914D48FD24FF80667A88F7FB7EFF20" box="[1064,1184,152,176]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="1" pageNumber="412" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="80E5EAD9FD24FF80667A88F7FB7EFF20" box="[1064,1184,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="412">Lumbricus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as defined by
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<bibRefCitation id="D6004B3AFD24FF80671C88F8FF3DFF45" pageId="1" pageNumber="412" refId="ref1076" refString="Fender, W. M. (1985) Earthworms of the Western United States. Part I. Lumbricidae. Megadrilogica, 4 (5), 93 - 128." type="journal article">Fender (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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, and by
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<bibRefCitation id="D6004B3AFD24FF80631A88D3FD80FF44" box="[328,606,188,213]" pageId="1" pageNumber="412" refId="ref1310" refString="Sims, R. W. & Gerard, B. M. (1999) Earthworms: Notes for the identification of British species. 4 th Edition. Published for The Linnean Society of London and The Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association by Field Studies Council, Montford Bridge, Shrewsbury, 169 pp." type="book">Sims and Gerard (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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. Externally, the specimen follows the description of
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<taxonomicName id="75914D48FD24FF8066E988D2FAE8FF44" authorityName="Hoffmeister" authorityYear="1843" box="[1211,1334,188,212]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="1" pageNumber="412" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rubellus">
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<emphasis id="80E5EAD9FD24FF8066E988D2FAE8FF44" box="[1211,1334,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="412">L. rubellus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with the exception of its prostomium. Following the key of
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<bibRefCitation id="D6004B3AFD24FF80608588B0FC59FF68" box="[727,903,223,248]" pageId="1" pageNumber="412" refId="ref1265" refString="Schwert, D. P. (1990) Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae. In: Dindal, D. L. (Ed.), Soil Biology Guide. 1 st Edition. Wiley-Interscience. New York, pp. 341 - 356." type="book chapter">Schwert (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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, the epilobic
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<taxonomicName id="75914D48FD24FF806672888EFB44FF68" authorityName="Hoffmeister" authorityYear="1843" box="[1056,1178,224,248]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="1" pageNumber="412" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rubellus">
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<emphasis id="80E5EAD9FD24FF806672888EFB44FF68" box="[1056,1178,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="412">L. rubellus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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will key to
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<taxonomicName id="75914D48FD24FF806771888FFE41FE8D" authority="(Michaelsen)" authorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Eisenoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="1" pageNumber="412" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lonnbergi">
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<emphasis id="80E5EAD9FD24FF806771888FFEDDFE8C" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="412">Eisenoides lonnbergi</emphasis>
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(Michaelsen)
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</taxonomicName>
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and/or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75914D48FD24FF8063A5896BFC8CFE8D" authority="(Savigny)" authorityName="Savigny" baseAuthorityName="Savigny" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[503,850,260,285]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Eiseniella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="1" pageNumber="412" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tetraedra">
|
||
<emphasis id="80E5EAD9FD24FF8063A5896BFD09FE8C" box="[503,727,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="412">Eiseniella tetraedra</emphasis>
|
||
(Savigny)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, it can be easily distinguished from these by the location of the clitellum, tubercula pubertatis and number of spermathecae and the spermathecal pores location relative to the setal lines. Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75914D48FD24FF8060E78923FCF0FEF4" authorityName="Gates" authorityYear="1969" box="[693,814,332,356]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Eisenoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="1" pageNumber="412" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="80E5EAD9FD24FF8060E78923FCF0FEF4" box="[693,814,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="412">Eisenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not have calciferous sacks in x and has U-shaped nephridial bladders (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D6004B3AFD24FF8063D0891FFDD7FE18" box="[386,521,368,392]" pageId="1" pageNumber="412" refId="ref1108" refString="Gates, G. E. (1972) On American earthworm genera. I. Eisenoides (Lumbricidae). Bulletin of Tall Timbers Research Station, 13, 1 - 17." type="journal article">Gates 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75914D48FD24FF8060D6891FFD22FE18" box="[644,764,368,392]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="1" pageNumber="412" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="80E5EAD9FD24FF8060D6891FFD22FE18" box="[644,764,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="412">Lumbricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has calciferous sacks in x and J-shaped nephridia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D6004B3AFD24FF80671E8900FF0CFE3D" pageId="1" pageNumber="412" refId="ref1076" refString="Fender, W. M. (1985) Earthworms of the Western United States. Part I. Lumbricidae. Megadrilogica, 4 (5), 93 - 128." type="journal article">Fender 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D6004B3AFD24FF80628D89FBFE11FE3C" box="[223,463,404,429]" pageId="1" pageNumber="412" refId="ref1310" refString="Sims, R. W. & Gerard, B. M. (1999) Earthworms: Notes for the identification of British species. 4 th Edition. Published for The Linnean Society of London and The Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association by Field Studies Council, Montford Bridge, Shrewsbury, 169 pp." type="book">Sims & Gerard 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The epilobic specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75914D48FD24FF80615E89FAFC58FE3C" authorityName="Hoffmeister" authorityYear="1843" box="[780,902,404,428]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="1" pageNumber="412" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rubellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="80E5EAD9FD24FF80615E89FAFC58FE3C" box="[780,902,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="412">L. rubellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75914D48FD24FF8066EF89FBFA93FE3C" baseAuthorityName="Savigny" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[1213,1357,404,428]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Eiseniella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="1" pageNumber="412" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tetraedra">
|
||
<emphasis id="80E5EAD9FD24FF8066EF89FBFA93FE3C" box="[1213,1357,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="412">El. tetraedra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the position of its clitellum in xxii, xxiii–xxvi, xxvii, tubercula pubertatis in xxiii–xxv, xxvi. Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75914D48FD24FF80675F89D7FA42FE40" baseAuthorityName="Savigny" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[1293,1436,440,464]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Eiseniella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="1" pageNumber="412" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tetraedra">
|
||
<emphasis id="80E5EAD9FD24FF80675F89D7FA42FE40" box="[1293,1436,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="412">El. tetraedra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually has a smaller size of less than
|
||
<quantity id="75699B2EFD24FF80600589B3FD40FE65" box="[599,670,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="412" unit="mm" value="60.0">60mm</quantity>
|
||
body length and a distinctly quadratic or trapezoid shape in cross section posteriorly (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D6004B3AFD24FF8063278990FDCAFD88" box="[373,532,511,536]" pageId="1" pageNumber="412" refId="ref1265" refString="Schwert, D. P. (1990) Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae. In: Dindal, D. L. (Ed.), Soil Biology Guide. 1 st Edition. Wiley-Interscience. New York, pp. 341 - 356." type="book chapter">Schwert 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D6004B3AFD24FF80604D8990FCD2FD88" box="[543,780,511,536]" pageId="1" pageNumber="412" refId="ref1310" refString="Sims, R. W. & Gerard, B. M. (1999) Earthworms: Notes for the identification of British species. 4 th Edition. Published for The Linnean Society of London and The Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association by Field Studies Council, Montford Bridge, Shrewsbury, 169 pp." type="book">Sims & Gerard 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |