599 lines
73 KiB
XML
599 lines
73 KiB
XML
<document id="3EA1C46FADE81AAD6D96FDDD13E7A41C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1171.1.3" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5058747" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625191098074" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Edmonds, W. D." docDate="2006" docId="0398DD6E696E126CFE9EFEA0FAF0F8AF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01171p037.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1171 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1171.1.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Phanaeus (Phanaeus) zapotecus Edmonds 2006, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="FFA1A516696F1269FF96FFBCFFDBFF89" masterDocTitle="A new species of Phanaeus Macleay (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini) from Oaxaca, Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1698983322103" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="5F4992B0E05C35DD01AB6EBA03664B26" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6CA4CF53AF4669922266053CB61FDA46">
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<mods:title id="C6A546B1A3F7429F3E9C7AABA73729A6">A new species of Phanaeus Macleay (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini) from Oaxaca, Mexico</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="1846842B0B8392ED3887915396EE609B" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="C6069C90511EBDA0641097EDC46E4259">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5D7D7AB95BA639FFD64C999628BA89E3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="6B06AF8AC37F651B71C6CDA97F6E9C6D">Edmonds, W. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F1CCECF47F14EA9C268E25280745CD92">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="0E51614A00EB97AC77049B4F25E05A6E">
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<mods:title id="77D2043C68A1A7523D700FF9311EA54B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="30FFAE09C9B21185ED1D5B533B3FD935">
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<mods:date id="090E7AB0EF3C6D956B3D17A62B986B56">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="EA16E6EEDA59ECF456433CB4F7D36848" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="CAF167115809B3C532CEA6B2EB6B6AE0">2006-04-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="2AC205CF0D959417D899D8CED3BF195D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="6BBE72E575054E5D03A9DD3C49FDA2C0">1171</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="C9FC5F751C8379F98925BEDF81617A2F" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="BA5304703CBE00EB726FBAF895789AA0">1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="3495358F63AFA9F02C7DF36F516DF139" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="CBAF7192825B84AF0C961CB0CE902917">31</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="7D78F6D225612BBCA6D35C1D159CF770">37</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location id="D3340160017CB883D61F4EA023623343">
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<mods:url id="4321FE394646F574E08BF8D14EF27802">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1171.1.3</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="C290AD4F5AE6D2FED63934BC145BCEEF">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1F4AE265C16C642A24310B4EB494DF1B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1171.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0668D30BDF0EAFE657D949D4F03D7037" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="95C5A629508E745E3AF38E306034A0AC" type="Zenodo-Dep">5058747</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F4AD47F4436C91DEC34BF6A194370BAE" type="ZooBank">17DC3F30-EE89-4C5A-AC50-CDA085EE0E7B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="0398DD6E696E126CFE9EFEA0FAF0F8AF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398DD6E696E126CFE9EFEA0FAF0F8AF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0398DD6E696E126CFE9EFEA0FAF0F8AF" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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<subSubSection id="C32B3FF3696E1268FE9EFEA0FC76FEBC" box="[264,941,283,310]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8E6C78696E1268FE9EFEA0FC76FEBC" blockId="1.[264,941,283,345]" box="[264,941,283,310]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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<heading id="D0C6DB14696E1268FE9EFEA0FC76FEBC" bold="true" box="[264,941,283,310]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B945B06A696E1268FE9EFEA0FC76FEBC" bold="true" box="[264,941,283,310]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696E1268FE9EFEA0FCCAFEBC" ID-CoL="4FSK2" authority="Edmonds" authorityName="Edmonds" authorityYear="2006" box="[264,785,283,310]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zapotecus" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Phanaeus">
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<emphasis id="B945B06A696E1268FE9EFEA0FD4BFEBF" bold="true" box="[264,656,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Phanaeus (Phanaeus) zapotecus</emphasis>
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Edmonds
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2760D11696E1268FC8BFEA7FC76FEBC" box="[797,941,283,309]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32B3FF3696E1268FE9EFE83FE1FFED0" box="[264,452,319,345]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8E6C78696E1268FE9EFE83FE1FFED0" blockId="1.[264,941,283,345]" box="[264,452,319,345]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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<figureCitation id="130A70FD696E1268FE9EFE83FEADFED0" box="[264,374,319,345]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="2.[264,383,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[264,1307,515,1758]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Fig. 1. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, dorsal view male holotype. Fig. 2. Phanaeus endymion Harold, dorsal view male. Fig. 3. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, dorsal view forebody female paratype. Fig. 4. Phanaeus endymion Harold, dorsal view forebody female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5058749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5058749/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Figs. 1, 3</figureCitation>
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, and 5
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32B3FF3696E1268FE9EFE32FCEAFAC8" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8E6C78696E1268FE9EFE32FCEAFAC8" blockId="1.[264,1325,398,1905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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<emphasis id="B945B06A696E1268FE9EFE32FE0AFE21" bold="true" box="[264,465,398,424]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Type Specimens</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B596625696E1268FE76FE33FE48FE70" collectorName="D. Curoe" country="Mexico" elevation="1850" latitude="16.480556" location="Sola de Vega" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-96.99444" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<typeStatus id="548AD2DA696E1268FE76FE33FD96FE20" box="[480,589,399,425]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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male—
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3262CE8696E1268FD3BFE33FCF8FE20" box="[685,803,399,425]" name="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
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:
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||
<collectingRegion id="49F5A29A696E1268FCB9FE33FC51FE20" box="[815,906,399,425]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
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,
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<quantity id="4CC9C19D696E1268FC00FE33FC09FE20" box="[918,978,399,425]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
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S
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||
<location id="8EEE3AA3696E1268FC64FE33FB54FE20" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398DD6E696E126CFE9EFEA0FAF0F8AF:8EEE3AA3696E1268FC64FE33FB54FE20" box="[1010,1167,399,425]" country="Mexico" latitude="16.480556" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-96.99444" name="Sola de Vega" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Oaxaca">Sola de Vega</location>
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,
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||
<quantity id="4CC9C19D696E1268FB0DFE33FB2CFE20" box="[1179,1271,399,425]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="1850.0">
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<elevation id="001C8B4B696E1268FB0DFE33FB2CFE20" box="[1179,1271,399,425]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="1850.0">1850 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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||
, 49 vii 05,
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<collectorName id="26C409AE696E1268FECCFE0BFE1EFE58" box="[346,453,439,465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">D. Curoe</collectorName>
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||
col./
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||
<collectingMethod id="5270146F696E1268FE6BFE0BFCD9FE58" box="[509,770,439,465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">mushroom baited trap</collectingMethod>
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||
(
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||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696E1268FC82FE0BFE52FE71" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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approximate coordinates:
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE050ABF696E1268FBDEFE0BFB28FE59" box="[1096,1267,439,464]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" precision="15" seconds="50" value="16.480556">16 28’ 50” N</geoCoordinate>
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||
;
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE050ABF696E1268FA97FE0BFE52FE71" degrees="96" direction="west" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-96.99444">96 59’ 40” W</geoCoordinate>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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<typeStatus id="548AD2DA696E1268FE39FE63FDFAFE70" box="[431,545,479,505]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
(
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<specimenCount id="9D37A7F1696E1268FDA5FE63FD78FE70" box="[563,675,479,505]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="male">32 males</specimenCount>
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||
,
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||
<specimenCount id="9D37A7F1696E1268FD24FE63FCEDFE70" box="[690,822,479,505]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="female">48 females</specimenCount>
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||
)—
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B596625696E1268FCCAFE63FEA9FDA8" collectorName="D. Curoe" country="Mexico" elevation="1850" latitude="16.480556" location="Sola de Vega" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-96.99444" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<specimenCount id="9D37A7F1696E1268FCCAFE63FC02FE70" box="[860,985,479,505]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
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||
<specimenCount id="9D37A7F1696E1268FC7EFE63FB5CFE70" box="[1000,1159,479,505]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="female">eight females</specimenCount>
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||
same data as holotype
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B596625696E1268FEE8FDBBFE11FDC0" collectorName="Curoe" country="Mexico" location="San Miguel Sola de Vega" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<specimenCount id="9D37A7F1696E1268FEE8FDBBFE33FDA8" box="[382,488,519,545]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC9C19D696E1268FE79FDBBFDFFFDA8" box="[495,548,519,545]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.656064" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="mi" value="6.0">6 mi</quantity>
|
||
[~
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||
<quantity id="4CC9C19D696E1268FDDAFDBBFD42FDA8" box="[588,665,519,545]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
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||
] S
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||
<location id="8EEE3AA3696E1268FD29FDBBFC31FDA8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398DD6E696E126CFE9EFEA0FAF0F8AF:8EEE3AA3696E1268FD29FDBBFC31FDA8" box="[703,1002,519,545]" country="Mexico" name="San Miguel Sola de Vega" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Oaxaca">San Miguel Sola de Vega</location>
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, 8 vii 94, pinoencinojunipero,
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<collectorName id="26C409AE696E1268FEDAFD93FE4FFDC0" box="[332,404,559,585]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Curoe</collectorName>
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||
col.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B596625696E1268FE41FD93FE95FDF8" collectorName="D. Curoe" country="Mexico" elevation="1850" latitude="16.480556" location="Sola de Vega" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-96.99444" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="49" specimenCount-female="29" specimenCount-male="20" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D37A7F1696E1268FE41FD93FD9FFDC0" box="[471,580,559,585]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="male">20 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D37A7F1696E1268FDC6FD93FD0AFDC0" box="[592,721,559,585]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="female">29 females</specimenCount>
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||
same data as holotype except 717 ix 05, pine oak forest
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</materialsCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B596625696E1268FECDFDEBFD8BFD10" collectorName="D. Curoe" country="Mexico" elevation="1850" latitude="16.480556" location="Sola de Vega" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-96.99444" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D37A7F1696E1268FECDFDEBFE3FFDF8" box="[347,484,599,625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="male">three males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D37A7F1696E1268FE67FDEBFDA4FDF8" box="[497,639,599,625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
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||
same data as holotype except 717 ix 05, pine oak forest/ f.i.t. [=
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<collectingMethod id="5270146F696E1268FEF7FDC3FD92FD10" box="[353,585,639,665]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">flight intercept trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
]
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||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B596625696E1268FDCBFDC3FE3DFD48" collectorName="D. Curoe" country="Mexico" elevation="1850" latitude="16.480556" location="Sola de Vega" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-96.99444" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D37A7F1696E1268FDCBFDC3FD07FD10" box="[605,732,639,665]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="male">four males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D37A7F1696E1268FD7EFDC3FC5EFD10" box="[744,901,639,665]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="female">eight females</specimenCount>
|
||
same data as holotype except 59 x 05, pine oak forest
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B596625696E1268FE64FD1BFE58FD60" collectorName="D. Curoe" country="Mexico" elevation="1850" latitude="16.480556" location="Sola de Vega" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-96.99444" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D37A7F1696E1268FE64FD1BFDBBFD48" box="[498,608,679,705]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D37A7F1696E1268FDFAFD1BFD36FD48" box="[620,749,679,705]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
same data as holotype except 59 x 05, pine oak forest/f.i.t
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B596625696E1268FE04FD73FC06FC38" collectorName="H & A Howden & The Howden & W. D. Edmonds & All" country="Mexico" county="Hwy" elevation="2150" location="Km" longitude="-97.01667" municipality="Rio" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D37A7F1696E1268FE04FD73FE24FD60" box="[402,511,719,745]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D37A7F1696E1268FD9CFD73FD50FD60" box="[522,651,719,745]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3262CE8696E1268FD04FD73FD02FD60" box="[658,729,719,745]" name="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">MEX</collectingCountry>
|
||
[ICO]:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62EF14F4696E1268FCBEFD73FCBAFD60" box="[808,865,719,745]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Hwy</collectingCounty>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC9C19D696E1268FCFEFD73FC30FD60" box="[872,1003,719,745]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3169999999999997" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="km" value="131.7">131, 70 km</quantity>
|
||
S
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F5A29A696E1268FB9FFD73FBBFFD60" box="[1033,1124,719,745]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEAF602696E1268FBE6FD73FB41FD60" box="[1136,1178,719,745]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Río</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
de la Y,
|
||
<location id="8EEE3AA3696E1268FB69FD73FAF0FD60" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398DD6E696E126CFE9EFEA0FAF0F8AF:8EEE3AA3696E1268FB69FD73FAF0FD60" box="[1279,1323,719,745]" country="Mexico" county="Hwy" longitude="-97.01667" municipality="Rio" name="Km" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Oaxaca">Km</location>
|
||
20 W of jct.,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC9C19D696E1268FE30FD4BFDD9FC98" box="[422,514,759,785]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="2150.0">
|
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<elevation id="001C8B4B696E1268FE30FD4BFDD9FC98" box="[422,514,759,785]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="2150.0">2150 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, 17 vii 79,
|
||
<collectorName id="26C409AE696E1268FD07FD4BFC95FC98" box="[657,846,759,785]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">H & A Howden</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696E1268FCF7FD4BFE8BFCB1" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
|
||
approximate coordinates: 16 40’;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE050ABF696E1268FA97FD4BFE8BFCB1" degrees="97" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" precision="925" value="-97.01667">97 01’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). (
|
||
<collectorName id="26C409AE696E1268FEE4FCA3FDD6FCB0" box="[370,525,799,825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">The Howden</collectorName>
|
||
specimens also bear the blue identification label, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696E1268FBFBFCA3FE3DFCE8" authority="Harold, 1863" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endymion" status="sp. nov.">Phanaeus endymion Harold, 1863</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2760D11696E1268FE7BFCFBFDF7FCE8" box="[493,556,839,865]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
?
|
||
<collectorName id="26C409AE696E1268FDD6FCFBFD22FCE8" box="[576,761,839,865]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">W. D. Edmonds</collectorName>
|
||
1983.”)
|
||
<collectorName id="26C409AE696E1268FCF6FCFBFC5EFCE8" box="[864,901,839,865]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">All</collectorName>
|
||
type specimens bear my determination/designation labels, printed in black ink on white paper with blue (
|
||
<typeStatus id="548AD2DA696E1268FBF3FCD3FB14FC00" box="[1125,1231,879,905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) or red (
|
||
<typeStatus id="548AD2DA696E1268FE86FC2BFE5FFC38" box="[272,388,919,945]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
) lateral margins; they are distributed as follows
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B596625696E1268FC6CFC2BFCF6FAC8" collectionCode="UNAM" collectorName="Washington, D. C. & Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle & Paris & Richard Cunningham & LaVerne & California & Daniel Curoe & Palo Alto & W. D. Edmonds & Marfa & Texas & Miguel Angel Moron & Coatepec & Guillermo Nogueira & Guadalajara & Fernando Vaz-de-Mello & Lavras & Minas Gerais" country="Mexico" county="Universidad Nacional Autonoma" location="Instituto de Ecologia" municipality="London" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548AD2DA696E1268FC6CFC2BFBBCFC38" box="[1018,1127,919,945]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D37A7F1696E1268FB66FC2BFEA3FC50" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">three paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D37A7F1696E1268FE1AFC03FE25FC50" box="[396,510,959,985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D37A7F1696E1268FD99FC03FD78FC50" box="[527,675,959,985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
|
||
) deposited in collection of the
|
||
<location id="8EEE3AA3696E1268FBB1FC03FAFCFC50" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398DD6E696E126CFE9EFEA0FAF0F8AF:8EEE3AA3696E1268FBB1FC03FAFCFC50" box="[1063,1319,959,985]" country="Mexico" county="Universidad Nacional Autonoma" municipality="London" name="Instituto de Ecologia" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">Instituto de Ecología</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EEE3AA3696E1268FE9EFC5BFE85FB88" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398DD6E696E126CFE9EFEA0FAF0F8AF:8EEE3AA3696E1268FE9EFC5BFE85FB88" box="[264,350,999,1025]" country="Mexico" county="Universidad Nacional Autonoma" municipality="London" name="Xalapa" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">Xalapa</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F5A29A696E1268FEE3FC5BFE06FB88" box="[373,477,999,1025]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3262CE8696E1268FE6EFC5BFD83FB88" box="[504,600,999,1025]" name="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="8EEE3AA3696E1268FDE1FC5BFD23FB88" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398DD6E696E126CFE9EFEA0FAF0F8AF:8EEE3AA3696E1268FDE1FC5BFD23FB88" box="[631,760,999,1025]" country="Mexico" county="Universidad Nacional Autonoma" municipality="London" name="Remaining" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">Remaining</location>
|
||
<typeStatus id="548AD2DA696E1268FC9DFC5BFCA0FB88" box="[779,891,999,1025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
distributed as follows:
|
||
<location id="8EEE3AA3696E1268FB2AFC5BFE29FBA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398DD6E696E126CFE9EFEA0FAF0F8AF:8EEE3AA3696E1268FB2AFC5BFE29FBA0" country="Mexico" county="Universidad Nacional Autonoma" municipality="London" name="Canadian Museum of Nature" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">Canadian Museum of Nature</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EEE3AA3696E1268FD97FBB3FD8DFBA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398DD6E696E126CFE9EFEA0FAF0F8AF:8EEE3AA3696E1268FD97FBB3FD8DFBA0" box="[513,598,1039,1065]" country="Mexico" county="Universidad Nacional Autonoma" municipality="London" name="Ottawa" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">Ottawa</location>
|
||
(two pairs, including the
|
||
<location id="8EEE3AA3696E1268FC0CFBB3FC26FBA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398DD6E696E126CFE9EFEA0FAF0F8AF:8EEE3AA3696E1268FC0CFBB3FC26FBA0" box="[922,1021,1039,1065]" country="Mexico" county="Universidad Nacional Autonoma" municipality="London" name="Howden" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">Howden</location>
|
||
specimens cited above);
|
||
<location id="8EEE3AA3696E1268FE9EFB8BFD65FBD8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398DD6E696E126CFE9EFEA0FAF0F8AF:8EEE3AA3696E1268FE9EFB8BFD65FBD8" box="[264,702,1079,1105]" country="Mexico" county="Universidad Nacional Autonoma" municipality="London" name="National Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">National Museum of Natural History</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26C409AE696E1268FD5CFB8BFC7EFBD8" box="[714,933,1079,1105]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Washington, D. C.</collectorName>
|
||
(two pairs);
|
||
<location id="8EEE3AA3696E1268FBA8FB8BFEA9FBF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398DD6E696E126CFE9EFEA0FAF0F8AF:8EEE3AA3696E1268FBA8FB8BFEA9FBF0" country="Mexico" county="Universidad Nacional Autonoma" municipality="London" name="The Natural History Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">The Natural History Museum</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEAF602696E1268FEEBFBE3FE03FBF0" box="[381,472,1119,1145]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">London</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(one pair);
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62EF14F4696E1268FDF4FBE3FC3DFBF0" box="[610,998,1119,1145]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Universidad Nacional Autónoma</collectingCounty>
|
||
de
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3262CE8696E1268FB86FBE3FBB1FBF0" box="[1040,1130,1119,1145]" name="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">México</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED20F4BD696E1268FBEFFBE3FB02FBF0" box="[1145,1241,1119,1145]" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/10ei-x9nj" name="Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">UNAM</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3262CE8696E1268FB7BFBE3FEF5FB28" name="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">México</collectingCountry>
|
||
, D.F. (one pair);
|
||
<collectorName id="26C409AE696E1268FE68FB3BFC17FB28" box="[510,972,1159,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26C409AE696E1268FC4CFB3BFBCFFB28" box="[986,1044,1159,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Paris</collectorName>
|
||
(one pair); and at least one pair of
|
||
<typeStatus id="548AD2DA696E1268FE05FB13FDD8FB40" box="[403,515,1199,1225]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
in each of the following private collections:
|
||
<collectorName id="26C409AE696E1268FBB0FB13FAFCFB40" box="[1062,1319,1199,1225]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Richard Cunningham</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26C409AE696E1268FE9EFB6BFEB5FB78" box="[264,366,1239,1265]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">LaVerne</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26C409AE696E1268FEEDFB6BFE2DFB78" box="[379,502,1239,1265]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">California</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26C409AE696E1268FD95FB6BFD7FFB78" box="[515,676,1239,1265]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Daniel Curoe</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26C409AE696E1268FD24FB6BFCFDFB78" box="[690,806,1239,1265]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Palo Alto</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26C409AE696E1268FCA5FB6BFC75FB78" box="[819,942,1239,1265]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">California</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26C409AE696E1268FC2DFB6BFBA7FB78" box="[955,1148,1239,1265]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">W. D. Edmonds</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26C409AE696E1268FB1FFB6BFB0FFB78" box="[1161,1236,1239,1265]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Marfa</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26C409AE696E1268FB77FB6BFAF2FB78" box="[1249,1321,1239,1265]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Texas</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26C409AE696E1268FE9EFB43FDDCFA90" box="[264,519,1279,1305]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Miguel Angel Morón</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26C409AE696E1268FD85FB43FD58FA90" box="[531,643,1279,1305]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Coatepec</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F5A29A696E1268FD19FB43FD20FA90" box="[655,763,1279,1305]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26C409AE696E1268FC91FB43FC23FA90" box="[775,1016,1279,1305]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Guillermo Nogueira</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26C409AE696E1268FB92FB43FB4EFA90" box="[1028,1173,1279,1305]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Guadalajara</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F5A29A696E1268FB37FB43FB2FFA90" box="[1185,1268,1279,1305]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
|
||
; and
|
||
<collectorName id="26C409AE696E1268FE9EFA9BFDF9FAC8" box="[264,546,1319,1345]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fernando VazdeMello</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26C409AE696E1268FDB8FA9BFD5BFAC8" box="[558,640,1319,1345]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Lavras</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26C409AE696E1268FD1AFA9BFCF6FAC8" box="[652,813,1319,1345]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Minas Gerais</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B3FF3696E1268FEAEFAF2FB2EFA68" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E6C78696E1268FEAEFAF2FB2EFA68" blockId="1.[264,1325,398,1905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696E1268FEAEFAF2FE6BFAE1" bold="true" box="[312,432,1358,1384]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696E1268FE56FAF3FD74FAE1" authorityName="Edmonds" authorityYear="2006" box="[448,687,1359,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zapotecus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696E1268FE56FAF3FD74FAE1" box="[448,687,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Phanaeus zapotecus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be separated from the related Mexican species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696E1268FA83FAF3FEA1FA19" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endymion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696E1268FA83FAF3FEA1FA19" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">P. endymion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its distinctly granulate (X10) male pronotal disk, sagittal furrow present on the female pronotum, and usually allblack color; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696E1268FC0CFA23FB97FA31" box="[922,1100,1439,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halffterorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696E1268FC0CFA23FB97FA31" box="[922,1100,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">P. halffterorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its unmodified sutural margin of the elytra, usually allblack color, and Oaxacan distribution (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A70FD696E1268FB09FA7BFB3CFA68" box="[1183,1255,1479,1505]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–7" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1434,1458]" captionTargetBox="[268,1316,284,1396]" captionTargetId="figure-173@3.[288,1278,811,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5–7. Fig. 5. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, oblique view female paratype. Fig. 6. Phanaeus endymion Harold, oblique view female. Fig. 7. Known distributions of the Mexican species of the Phanaeus endymion group (sensu Edmonds 1994). Solid circles: collecting sites for P.endymion; stars: P. halffterorum; triangle: P. zapotecus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5058753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5058753/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B3FF3696E126AFEAEFA52FC54F956" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E6C78696E126BFEAEFA52FDFDFE27" blockId="1.[264,1325,398,1905]" lastBlockId="2.[264,1323,284,430]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696E1268FEAEFA52FDD1F981" bold="true" box="[312,522,1518,1544]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548AD2DA696E1268FEAEFA52FE71F981" box="[312,426,1518,1544]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A70FD696E1268FE2FFA52FE24F981" box="[441,511,1518,1544]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="2.[264,383,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[264,1307,515,1758]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Fig. 1. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, dorsal view male holotype. Fig. 2. Phanaeus endymion Harold, dorsal view male. Fig. 3. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, dorsal view forebody female paratype. Fig. 4. Phanaeus endymion Harold, dorsal view forebody female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5058749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5058749/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Large (major) male, length
|
||
<quantity id="4CC9C19D696E1268FCF7FA53FC6EF980" box="[865,949,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4CC9C19D696E1268FB9DFA53FBBBF980" box="[1035,1120,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Appearing completely weakly shiny black to unaided eye; magnification reveals slight green cast on elytra and femora and brighter green reflections on the undersides of the posterior pronotal angles, femora, and on sides of head horn. Clypeus with two conspicuous median teeth; frons bearing long, slender horn strongly curved over pronotum. Pronotum with expansive, flat triangular disk, with small callosity on each side near anterior margin and with posterolateral angles projecting caudally; sides weakly and sparsely asperate (sharply roughened) with distinct punctures present only behind lateral fossae (X25); triangular disk densely, evenly, and finely granulate; granules extending onto posterolateral angles and becoming effaced along posterior margin where surface appears faintly punctate, slightly swollen, and weakly impressed midlongitudinally. Pronotum with obsolete basal fossae; anterolateral angles subquadrate, distinctly upturned and concave. Elytral striae fine; interstriae convex, evenly but weakly shiny and minutely punctate (X25). Pygidium with obsolete punctures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4E3CF0696D126BFE9EF953FB6CF8C2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5058749" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5058749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5058749/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" startId="2.[264,383,1775,1799]" targetBox="[264,1307,515,1758]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E6C78696D126BFE9EF953FB6CF8C2" blockId="2.[264,1323,1775,1868]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696D126BFE9EF953FE6AF88E" bold="true" box="[264,433,1775,1799]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">FIGURES 1–4</emphasis>
|
||
. Fig. 1.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696D126BFD82F953FCBAF88F" authority="Edmonds" authorityName="Edmonds" authorityYear="2006" box="[532,865,1775,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zapotecus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696D126BFD82F953FD2BF88F" box="[532,752,1775,1798]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Phanaeus zapotecus</emphasis>
|
||
Edmonds
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, dorsal view male holotype. Fig. 2.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696D126BFB61F953FDD2F8A0" authority="Harold" authorityName="Harold" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endymion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696D126BFB61F953FE6EF8A0" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Phanaeus endymion</emphasis>
|
||
Harold
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, dorsal view male. Fig. 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696D126BFCB4F8AEFBB2F8A0" authority="Edmonds" authorityName="Edmonds" authorityYear="2006" box="[802,1129,1810,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zapotecus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696D126BFCB4F8AEFC20F8A0" box="[802,1019,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Phanaeus zapotecus</emphasis>
|
||
Edmonds
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, dorsal view forebody female paratype. Fig. 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696D126BFDDEF889FCA8F8C2" authority="Harold" authorityName="Harold" box="[584,883,1844,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endymion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696D126BFDDEF889FCFBF8C5" box="[584,800,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Phanaeus endymion</emphasis>
|
||
Harold
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, dorsal view forebody female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4E3CF0696C126AFE9EFA26FCF9F990" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5058753" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5058753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5058753/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" startId="3.[264,382,1434,1458]" targetBox="[268,1316,284,1396]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E6C78696C126AFE9EFA26FCF9F990" blockId="3.[264,1323,1434,1561]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696C126AFE9EFA26FE6FFA3B" bold="true" box="[264,436,1434,1458]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">FIGURES 5–7.</emphasis>
|
||
Fig. 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696C126AFD9FFA26FC8AFA38" authority="Edmonds" authorityName="Edmonds" authorityYear="2006" box="[521,849,1434,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zapotecus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696C126AFD9FFA26FD38FA38" box="[521,739,1434,1457]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Phanaeus zapotecus</emphasis>
|
||
Edmonds
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, oblique view female paratype. Fig. 6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696C126AFB61FA26FDD0FA5D" authority="Harold" authorityName="Harold" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endymion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696C126AFB61FA26FE6DFA5D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Phanaeus endymion</emphasis>
|
||
Harold
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, oblique view female. Fig. 7. Known distributions of the Mexican species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696C126AFEDBFA5CFDFEFA7E" box="[333,549,1504,1527]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endymion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696C126AFEDBFA5CFDFEFA7E" box="[333,549,1504,1527]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Phanaeus endymion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA01189696C126AFD2AFA63FCBAFA7F" author="Edmonds, W. D." box="[700,865,1503,1526]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref2693" refString="Edmonds, W. D. (1994) Revision of Phanaeus Macleay, a New World genus of scarabaeine dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science, 443, 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1994">Edmonds 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Solid circles: collecting sites for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696C126AFB42FA5CFEE6F990" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endymion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696C126AFB42FA5CFEE6F990" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">P. endymion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; stars:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696C126AFE1DF9BEFDF1F990" box="[395,554,1538,1561]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halffterorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696C126AFE1DF9BEFDF1F990" box="[395,554,1538,1561]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">P. halffterorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; triangle:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696C126AFD0EF9BEFCC0F990" authorityName="Edmonds" authorityYear="2006" box="[664,795,1538,1561]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zapotecus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696C126AFD0EF9BEFCC0F990" box="[664,795,1538,1561]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">P. zapotecus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E6C78696C126AFEAEF9F1FC54F956" blockId="3.[264,1323,1613,1879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="548AD2DA696C126AFEFAF9F1FE08F9EE" box="[364,467,1613,1639]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is not the largest male in the type series; it was selected because it shows the least wear of the large males available. This specimen bears glue residue on the right hind coxa and adjacent metasternum used to secure the stainless steel pin. The aedeagus is extracted and mounted on a paper point with a blue tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B3FF3696C126DFEAEF951FC83FCB7" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E6C78696C126DFEAEF951FC83FCB7" blockId="3.[264,1323,1613,1879]" lastBlockId="4.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696C126AFEAEF951FE75F88E" bold="true" box="[312,430,1773,1799]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Variation</emphasis>
|
||
: Dorsum dark, slightly shiny, appearing black to unaided eye except in occasional specimens with conspicuous metallic green on posterior portion of head, pronotum, and/or elytra; metallic coloration most common on male pronotum and elytra, usually confined in female to margin and midlongitudinal impression of pronotal disk. Low (X5) magnification and bright light often reveal, especially in males, weak bluishgreen or green luster on areas otherwise appearing black. In smallest individuals, horn reduced to conical tubercle or rounded cusp. Female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A70FD696B126DFC8FFE28FCABFE27" box="[793,880,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="2.[264,383,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[264,1307,515,1758]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Fig. 1. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, dorsal view male holotype. Fig. 2. Phanaeus endymion Harold, dorsal view male. Fig. 3. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, dorsal view forebody female paratype. Fig. 4. Phanaeus endymion Harold, dorsal view forebody female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5058749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5058749/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A70FD696B126DFC15FE28FC49FE27" box="[899,914,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–7" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1434,1458]" captionTargetBox="[268,1316,284,1396]" captionTargetId="figure-173@3.[288,1278,811,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5–7. Fig. 5. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, oblique view female paratype. Fig. 6. Phanaeus endymion Harold, oblique view female. Fig. 7. Known distributions of the Mexican species of the Phanaeus endymion group (sensu Edmonds 1994). Solid circles: collecting sites for P.endymion; stars: P. halffterorum; triangle: P. zapotecus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5058753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5058753/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">5</figureCitation>
|
||
) with low, narrow trituberculate, cephalic carina. In small males, granulate triangular disk progressively smaller, granules becoming squamate behind remnant of disk with asperate sculpturing on sides stronger. Pronotum of female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A70FD696B126DFD9CFDB0FD85FDAF" box="[522,606,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="2.[264,383,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[264,1307,515,1758]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Fig. 1. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, dorsal view male holotype. Fig. 2. Phanaeus endymion Harold, dorsal view male. Fig. 3. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, dorsal view forebody female paratype. Fig. 4. Phanaeus endymion Harold, dorsal view forebody female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5058749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5058749/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A70FD696B126DFDF8FDB0FDA6FDAF" box="[622,637,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–7" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1434,1458]" captionTargetBox="[268,1316,284,1396]" captionTargetId="figure-173@3.[288,1278,811,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5–7. Fig. 5. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, oblique view female paratype. Fig. 6. Phanaeus endymion Harold, oblique view female. Fig. 7. Known distributions of the Mexican species of the Phanaeus endymion group (sensu Edmonds 1994). Solid circles: collecting sites for P.endymion; stars: P. halffterorum; triangle: P. zapotecus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5058753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5058753/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">5</figureCitation>
|
||
) fairly evenly and densely covered with small punctures (X10) on finely roughened surface; punctures becoming smaller on middle of disk, bearing raised anteromedian trituberculate tumosity near anterior margin; tubercles equalsized and set in moreorless straight, transverse line; disk with distinct midlongitudinal furrow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A70FD696B126DFE87FD10FE81FD4F" box="[273,346,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="2.[264,383,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[264,1307,515,1758]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Fig. 1. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, dorsal view male holotype. Fig. 2. Phanaeus endymion Harold, dorsal view male. Fig. 3. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, dorsal view forebody female paratype. Fig. 4. Phanaeus endymion Harold, dorsal view forebody female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5058749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5058749/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) extending forward from posterior margin to about middle of disk, furrow more strongly sculptured than adjacent surface of disk and often with hint of metallic green color. Pygidium with faint to distinct but fine, sparse punctures. Length (including head):
|
||
<quantity id="4CC9C19D696B126DFE9EFC98FE52FCB7" box="[264,393,804,830]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="13.0">13–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
; width at bases of elytra: 7.5–11.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B3FF3696B126DFEAEFCF0FE64FC3F" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E6C78696B126DFEAEFCF0FE64FC3F" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696B126DFEAEFCF0FD45FCEF" bold="true" box="[312,670,844,870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Etymology of Species Name</emphasis>
|
||
. Latinization of
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696B126DFCFBFCF0FC0EFCEC" box="[877,981,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">zapoteco</emphasis>
|
||
, Spanish adjective meaning “zapotec” or “zapotecan,” in reference to the indigenous people and places of much of central
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F5A29A696B126DFEC9FC20FE60FC3F" box="[351,443,924,950]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B3FF3696B126CFEAEFC78FDAEFC57" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E6C78696B126CFEAEFC78FE0BFED7" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1323,284,990]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696B126DFEAEFC78FE67FC57" bold="true" box="[312,444,964,990]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
. Henry and Anne Howden discovered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696B126DFC1AFC78FBA7FC54" authorityName="Edmonds" authorityYear="2006" box="[908,1148,964,989]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zapotecus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696B126DFC1AFC78FBA7FC54" box="[908,1148,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Phanaeus zapotecus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in 1979. They collected a pair of individuals in wild toadstools in the Sierra Madre del Sur, south of the city of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F5A29A696B126DFECBFBA8FE62FBA7" box="[349,441,1044,1070]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
. The Howden specimens were referred to by me (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA01189696B126DFB9DFBA8FB1BFBA7" author="Edmonds, W. D." box="[1035,1216,1044,1070]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref2693" refString="Edmonds, W. D. (1994) Revision of Phanaeus Macleay, a New World genus of scarabaeine dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science, 443, 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1994">Edmonds 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696B126DFB64FBA8FE13FBDC" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endymion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696B126DFB64FBA8FE13FBDC" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Phanaeus endymion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(“
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F5A29A696B126DFE72FB80FD9BFBDF" box="[484,576,1084,1110]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
endymion”) with the qualifier: “My guess is that more specimens will support recognizing this
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F5A29A696B126DFD38FBD8FCDDFBF7" box="[686,774,1124,1150]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
population as a distinct species …” Attempts by me and others in the intervening years to collect more individuals were unsuccessful until recently, when Daniel Curoe collected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696B126DFC9AFB08FC46FB44" authorityName="Edmonds" authorityYear="2006" box="[780,925,1204,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zapotecus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696B126DFC9AFB08FC46FB44" box="[780,925,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">P. zapotecus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on three occasions from the same general area. Curoe’s careful field work resulted in 79 additional specimens, which were collected in July, September, and October south of the town of San Miguel Sola de Vega (often cited only as Sola de Vega),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F5A29A696B126DFD3BFA90FCD2FACF" box="[685,777,1324,1350]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
. The collection site consists of seasonally dry pineoak forest with occasional juniper and lies at an elevation of approximately 1850 meters on the leeward (inland valley) slopes of the Sierra Madre del Sur. Most specimens were collected from pitfall traps baited with local mushrooms (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D37A7F1696B126DFB9BFA18FBA6FA37" box="[1037,1149,1444,1470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
was collected directly from a mushroom), and there seemed to be a preference for fresh and somewhat aged mushrooms over badly decomposed ones. A few specimens were collected from flight intercept traps while traps baited with human feces and carrion (decomposing squid) yielded no specimens. This species, unlike most of its congeners, is crepuscular. The only other mycetophagous species collected there,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696B126DFC8BF9D0FB53F90F" authority="Bates" authorityName="Bates" box="[797,1160,1644,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liatongus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhinocoerulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696B126DFC8BF9D0FBE6F90C" box="[797,1085,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Liatongus rhinocoerulus</emphasis>
|
||
Bates
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is active during the day. The only other member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696B126DFD6DF928FC51F924" box="[763,906,1684,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endymion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696B126DFD6DF928FCD2F924" box="[763,777,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696B126DFC8EF928FC51F924" box="[792,906,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">endymion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group occurring in the same region is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696B126DFEB1F900FDCCF95C" box="[295,535,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endymion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696B126DFEB1F900FDCCF95C" box="[295,535,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Phanaeus endymion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Barney Streit (pers. comm.) has recently collected this species from pitfall traps baited with decomposing mushrooms on the Pacific side of the Sierra Madre del Sur fairly near Sola de Vega (Hwy. 175, Km. 2023;
|
||
<quantity id="4CC9C19D696B126DFC64F8B0FBE5F8AF" box="[1010,1086,1804,1830]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1399999999999997" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="314.0">314 m</quantity>
|
||
, July, 2005; this site is about 30 air km north of Puerto Angel and 85 air km southeast of Sola de Vega).
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696B126CFB5BF888FE99FEBC" italics="true" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">P. endy mion</emphasis>
|
||
is widely distributed in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3262CE8696A126CFD58FEA0FCFCFEBF" box="[718,807,284,310]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A70FD696A126CFCAEFEA0FCA5FEBF" box="[824,894,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–7" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1434,1458]" captionTargetBox="[268,1316,284,1396]" captionTargetId="figure-173@3.[288,1278,811,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5–7. Fig. 5. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, oblique view female paratype. Fig. 6. Phanaeus endymion Harold, oblique view female. Fig. 7. Known distributions of the Mexican species of the Phanaeus endymion group (sensu Edmonds 1994). Solid circles: collecting sites for P.endymion; stars: P. halffterorum; triangle: P. zapotecus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5058753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5058753/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) and is commonly found also utilizing human feces.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E6C78696A126CFEAEFED0FB29FCEF" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696A126CFEAEFED0FDFCFE0C" authorityName="Edmonds" authorityYear="2006" box="[312,551,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zapotecus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696A126CFEAEFED0FDFCFE0C" box="[312,551,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Phanaeus zapotecus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
conforms well with the characteristics of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696A126CFBA9FED0FB15FE0C" box="[1087,1230,364,390]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endymion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696A126CFBA9FED0FB96FE0C" box="[1087,1101,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696A126CFBCAFED0FB15FE0C" box="[1116,1230,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">endymion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA01189696A126CFD93FE28FD14FE27" author="Edmonds, W. D." box="[517,719,404,430]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref2693" refString="Edmonds, W. D. (1994) Revision of Phanaeus Macleay, a New World genus of scarabaeine dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science, 443, 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1994">Edmonds (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; the only observed exceptions are in the cephalic tubercle of very small males (which is not perceptibly bidentate in any of the specimens in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548AD2DA696A126CFEA5FE58FEBDFE77" box="[307,358,484,510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series) and in the front tibiae (which lack a clear, slitlike notch between the third and fourth lateral teeth). The aedeagus is virtually identical to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696A126CFBDAFDB0FB00FDAC" box="[1100,1243,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endymion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696A126CFBDAFDB0FB00FDAC" box="[1100,1243,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">P. endymion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696A126CFA83FDB0FE40FDC4" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halffterorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696A126CFA83FDB0FE40FDC4" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">P. halffterorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Besides the characters presented in the key below,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696A126CFB92FD88FB4DFDC4" authorityName="Edmonds" authorityYear="2006" box="[1028,1174,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zapotecus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696A126CFB92FD88FB4DFDC4" box="[1028,1174,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">P. zapotecus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696A126CFE9EFDE0FE4CFDFC" box="[264,407,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endymion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696A126CFE9EFDE0FE4CFDFC" box="[264,407,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">P. endymion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the fact that the male pronotal disk never has distinct, shiny micropuntures (X25) as does that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696A126CFD9BFD38FD4EFD14" box="[525,661,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endymion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696A126CFD9BFD38FD4EFD14" box="[525,661,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">P.endymion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This new species shares several characteristics with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696A126CFA83FD38FE40FD4C" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halffterorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696A126CFA83FD38FE40FD4C" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">P. halffterorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, another similar species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696A126CFD67FD10FC5FFD4C" box="[753,900,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endymion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696A126CFD67FD10FC5FFD4C" box="[753,900,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">P. endymion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The shape and sculpturing of the male pronotum are quite similar in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696A126CFD3FFD68FC82FD64" box="[681,857,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halffterorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696A126CFD3FFD68FC82FD64" box="[681,857,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">P. halffterorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696A126CFC02FD68FBFEFD64" authorityName="Edmonds" authorityYear="2006" box="[916,1061,724,750]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zapotecus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696A126CFC02FD68FC78FD64" box="[916,931,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696A126CFC24FD68FBFEFD64" box="[946,1061,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">zapotecus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the female pronotum of both bears a distinct sagittal furrow; and the elytral interstriae are evenly textured (i.e., not distinctly shinier medially). Moreover, the two species are similar ecologically, both being mycetophagous species inhabiting pineoak montane habitats (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA01189696A126CFBB8FCF0FB3EFCEF" author="Edmonds, W. D." box="[1070,1253,844,870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref2693" refString="Edmonds, W. D. (1994) Revision of Phanaeus Macleay, a New World genus of scarabaeine dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science, 443, 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1994">Edmonds 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E6C78696A126CFEAEFCC8FDAEFC57" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Edmonds’ (1994) key to members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696A126CFC88FCC8FC76FC04" box="[798,941,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endymion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696A126CFC88FCC8FC76FC04" box="[798,941,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">P. endymion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696A126CFBF8FCC8FE9FFC3C" authorityName="Edmonds" authorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zapotecus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696A126CFBF8FCC8FE9FFC3C" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Phanaeus zapotecus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as “
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F5A29A696A126CFEE8FC20FE00FC3F" box="[382,475,924,950]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
” specimens) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696A126CFD02FC20FCF8FC3C" box="[660,803,924,949]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endymion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696A126CFD02FC20FCF8FC3C" box="[660,803,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">P. endymion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The following modification of that key will separate it as a distinct species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B3FF3696A126CFE9EFBA8FAF0F8AF" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" type="key">
|
||
<key id="FFA03B49696A126CFE9EFBA8FAF0F8AF" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyStep id="30C574DD696A126CFE9EFBA8FAF7FB7F" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E6C78696A126CFE9EFBA8FAF0FB47" blockId="5.[264,1324,1044,1830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="30C0CF4D696A126CFE9EFBA8FAF0FB47" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
1a Sutural margin of each elytron upturned to form a sharp ridge, which is progressively more elevated posteriorly and prolonged into a small, sharp tooth at apical angle; elytral margin slightly excised adjacent to this tooth. Color bright green or dark blue. Southcentral
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3262CE8696A126CFE4BFB30FDEDFB2F" box="[477,566,1164,1190]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(states of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3262CE8696A126CFD26FB30FCD1FB2F" box="[688,778,1164,1190]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F5A29A696A126CFCD5FB30FC6AFB2F" box="[835,945,1164,1190]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A70FD696A126CFC2AFB30FBDAFB2F" box="[956,1025,1164,1190]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–7" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1434,1458]" captionTargetBox="[268,1316,284,1396]" captionTargetId="figure-173@3.[288,1278,811,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5–7. Fig. 5. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, oblique view female paratype. Fig. 6. Phanaeus endymion Harold, oblique view female. Fig. 7. Known distributions of the Mexican species of the Phanaeus endymion group (sensu Edmonds 1994). Solid circles: collecting sites for P.endymion; stars: P. halffterorum; triangle: P. zapotecus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5058753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5058753/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) ..................................... ................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696A126CFC07FB08FAF0FB47" ID-CoL="4FSJM" authority="Edmonds" authorityName="Edmonds" box="[913,1323,1204,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halffterorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696A126CFC07FB08FAF0FB47" bold="true" box="[913,1323,1204,1230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696A126CFC07FB08FB70FB47" bold="true" box="[913,1195,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Phanaeus halffterorum</emphasis>
|
||
Edmonds
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E6C78696A126CFE9EFB60FAF7FB7F" blockId="5.[264,1324,1044,1830]" box="[264,1324,1244,1270]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="30C0CF4D696A126CFE9EFB60FAF7FB7F" box="[264,1324,1244,1270]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">1b Sutural margin of elytra simple. Color and distribution variable.................................. 2</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30C574DD696A126CFE9EFAB8FAF0F8AF" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E6C78696A126CFE9EFAB8FAF1F9D7" blockId="5.[264,1324,1044,1830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="30C0CF4D696A126CFE9EFAB8FAF1F9D7" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
2a Triangular pronotal disk of male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A70FD696A126CFD4AFAB8FCFEFA97" box="[732,805,1284,1310]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="2.[264,383,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[264,1307,515,1758]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Fig. 1. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, dorsal view male holotype. Fig. 2. Phanaeus endymion Harold, dorsal view male. Fig. 3. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, dorsal view forebody female paratype. Fig. 4. Phanaeus endymion Harold, dorsal view forebody female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5058749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5058749/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) evenly and densely, but finely granulate (X10), granules usually larger and becoming squamose along lateral margins of disk and extending onto posterolateral angles (when distinctly developed); sides of pronotum roughened (X10), lacking distinct punctures except behind lateral fossae. Female pronotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A70FD696A126CFE2AFA18FDCBFA37" box="[444,528,1444,1470]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="2.[264,383,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[264,1307,515,1758]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Fig. 1. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, dorsal view male holotype. Fig. 2. Phanaeus endymion Harold, dorsal view male. Fig. 3. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, dorsal view forebody female paratype. Fig. 4. Phanaeus endymion Harold, dorsal view forebody female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5058749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5058749/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A70FD696A126CFD89FA18FDF5FA37" box="[543,558,1444,1470]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–7" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1434,1458]" captionTargetBox="[268,1316,284,1396]" captionTargetId="figure-173@3.[288,1278,811,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5–7. Fig. 5. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, oblique view female paratype. Fig. 6. Phanaeus endymion Harold, oblique view female. Fig. 7. Known distributions of the Mexican species of the Phanaeus endymion group (sensu Edmonds 1994). Solid circles: collecting sites for P.endymion; stars: P. halffterorum; triangle: P. zapotecus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5058753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5058753/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">5</figureCitation>
|
||
) minutely roughened, evenly, distinctly punctured (X10), punctures becoming smaller dorsally but never disappearing altogether; disk impressed medially as distinct furrow visible to unaided eye, extending forward from posterior margin to near middle of disk. Sierra Madre del Sur, southcentral
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F5A29A696A126CFBD2F9A0FB40F9BF" box="[1092,1179,1564,1590]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A70FD696A126CFB3AF9A0FB2AF9BF" box="[1196,1265,1564,1590]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–7" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1434,1458]" captionTargetBox="[268,1316,284,1396]" captionTargetId="figure-173@3.[288,1278,811,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5–7. Fig. 5. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, oblique view female paratype. Fig. 6. Phanaeus endymion Harold, oblique view female. Fig. 7. Known distributions of the Mexican species of the Phanaeus endymion group (sensu Edmonds 1994). Solid circles: collecting sites for P.endymion; stars: P. halffterorum; triangle: P. zapotecus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5058753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5058753/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) .... .................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3117FB696A126CFC01F9F8FB57F9D7" ID-CoL="4FSK2" authority="Edmonds, 2006" authorityName="Edmonds" authorityYear="2006" box="[919,1164,1604,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zapotecus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696A126CFC01F9F8FB57F9D7" bold="true" box="[919,1164,1604,1630]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Phanaeus zapotecus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B945B06A696A126CFB0DF9F8FAF1F9D7" bold="true" box="[1179,1322,1604,1630]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2760D11696A126CFB0DF9F8FAF1F9D7" box="[1179,1322,1604,1630]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E6C78696A126CFE9EF9D0FAF0F8AF" blockId="5.[264,1324,1044,1830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="30C0CF4D696A126CFE9EF9D0FAF0F8AF" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
2b Pronotal disk of male either lacking distinct granulation, or, if granules present, these are minute and restricted along lateral margins of disk (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A70FD696A126CFC70F928FBE9F927" box="[998,1074,1684,1710]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="2.[264,383,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[264,1307,515,1758]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Fig. 1. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, dorsal view male holotype. Fig. 2. Phanaeus endymion Harold, dorsal view male. Fig. 3. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, dorsal view forebody female paratype. Fig. 4. Phanaeus endymion Harold, dorsal view forebody female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5058749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5058749/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
); sides of pronotum smooth, minutely punctured. Female pronotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A70FD696A126CFCE3F900FC12F95F" box="[885,969,1724,1750]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="2.[264,383,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[264,1307,515,1758]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Fig. 1. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, dorsal view male holotype. Fig. 2. Phanaeus endymion Harold, dorsal view male. Fig. 3. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, dorsal view forebody female paratype. Fig. 4. Phanaeus endymion Harold, dorsal view forebody female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5058749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5058749/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A70FD696A126CFC40F900FC3EF95F" box="[982,997,1724,1750]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–7" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1434,1458]" captionTargetBox="[268,1316,284,1396]" captionTargetId="figure-173@3.[288,1278,811,1429]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5–7. Fig. 5. Phanaeus zapotecus Edmonds, oblique view female paratype. Fig. 6. Phanaeus endymion Harold, oblique view female. Fig. 7. Known distributions of the Mexican species of the Phanaeus endymion group (sensu Edmonds 1994). Solid circles: collecting sites for P.endymion; stars: P. halffterorum; triangle: P. zapotecus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5058753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5058753/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">6</figureCitation>
|
||
) smooth, puncturing (X50) fine and usually restricted to sides; median furrow lacking, or at most indicated by fine, scarcely visible line ...........................................(to couplet 2a in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA01189696A126CFBFFF8B0FAF8F8AF" author="Edmonds, W. D." box="[1129,1315,1804,1830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref2693" refString="Edmonds, W. D. (1994) Revision of Phanaeus Macleay, a New World genus of scarabaeine dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science, 443, 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1994">Edmonds, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |