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56 KiB
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527 lines
56 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.49676" ID-GBIF-Dataset="78abb928-cc37-4214-979c-95c1704aa430" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162723851" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-1-115" ID-Pensoft-UUID="287BE1B5D0C25273BA011352122B1BA6" ID-ZooBank="44F42F008B764C95961D4FC588C50BF0" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:04BDD214-AC65-44F3-B7C5-3AD160927E36" ModsDocID="1860-0743-1-115" checkinTime="1585017239079" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fujimoto, Shinta & Jimi, Naoto" docDate="2020" docId="B68FEADDEBBC53CCA7528B1D5EA211BA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 96(1): 115-122" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 96 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.49676" docTitle="Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="04BDD214-AC65-44F3-B7C5-3AD160927E36" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" id="287BE1B5D0C25273BA011352122B1BA6" lastPageNumber="115" masterDocId="287BE1B5D0C25273BA011352122B1BA6" masterDocTitle="A new marine tardigrade genus and species (Arthrotardigrada, Styraconyxidae) with unique pockets on the legs" masterLastPageNumber="122" masterPageNumber="115" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" updateTime="1643449904087" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new marine tardigrade genus and species (Arthrotardigrada, Styraconyxidae) with unique pockets on the legs</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fujimoto, Shinta</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jimi, Naoto</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>96</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>115</mods:start>
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<mods:end>122</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.49676</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.49676</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-1-115</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">44F42F008B764C95961D4FC588C50BF0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">287BE1B5D0C25273BA011352122B1BA6</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="162723851" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:04BDD214-AC65-44F3-B7C5-3AD160927E36" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B68FEADDEBBC53CCA7528B1D5EA211BA" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
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<taxonomicName LSID="B68FEADD-EBBC-53CC-A752-8B1D5EA211BA" authority="gen. et" authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2020" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Styraconyxidae" genus="Cyaegharctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyaegharctus kitamurai" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="kitamurai" status="sp. nov.">Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="115">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Drawings of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., holotype KUZ Z 2624. A. Habitus (ventral view). B. Leg IV pocket organ. an anus, bt buccal tube, ca cavity, cE cirrus E, db dense body, ec external cirrus, go female gonopore (detail not available), ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, pl placoid, op opening, sc secondary clava, soI, IV legs I and IV sensory organs, sr seminal receptacles, ss stylet support, st stylet." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393347" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. DIC and PhC micrographs of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., adult female. A. Habitus (dorsal view). B. cephalic region (ventral view). C. Lateral cirrus. D. Buccal apparatus. E. Caudal region (ventral view) (epicuticle pillars visible). F. Leg I sensory organ and pocket organ. G. Leg II pocket organ (arrowhead indicates protruding portion). H. Leg II digits and claws. I. Leg III pocket organ. J. Leg IV pocket organ. K. female gonopore. L. Legs I-III sensory organs. M. Leg III digits and claws. A-J. holotype KUZ Z 2624, K. paratype KUZ Z 2625, L, M. paratype KUZ Z 2626. an anus, bt buccal tube, ca cavity, cE cirrus E, db dense body, ec external cirrus, go gonopore, ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, pei, e peduncles of internal and external digits, pl placoid, poI-IV legs I-IV pocket organs, pp proximal pad, sc secondary clava, soI-IV legs I-IV sensory organs, sr seminal receptacles, ss stylet support, st stylet." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393348" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">, 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. SEM micrographs of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., four-claw juvenile paratype KUZ Z 2627. A. Habitus (lateral view). B. Cephalic region (frontal view). C. Cephalic region (ventral view). D. Anus. E. Leg I sensory organ. F. Leg II sensory organ. G. Leg III sensory organ. H. Leg IV sensory organ. I. Leg IV pocket organ. J. Leg III digits and claws. ah accessory hook, an anus, cE cirrus E, ec external cirrus, fe femur, ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, ph primary hook, poIII, IV legs III and IV pocket organs, pp proximal pad, sc secondary clava, sh secondary hook, soI-IV legs I-IV sensory organs, ti tibia." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393349" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">, 3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kristensen & Renaud-Mornant" authorityYear="1983" family="Styraconyxidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rank="family">Styraconyxidae</taxonomicName>
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gen. sp. (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12221" author="Fujimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" pagination="496 - 505" refId="B12" refString="Fujimoto, S, Jorgensen, A, Hansen, JG, 2017. A molecular approach to arthrotardigrade phylogeny (Heterotardigrada, Tardigrada). Zoologica Scripta 46: 496 - 505, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12221" title="A molecular approach to arthrotardigrade phylogeny (Heterotardigrada, Tardigrada)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12221" volume="46" year="2017">Fujimoto et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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): partial sequence of the nuclear 28S rRNA available at DDBJ/GenBank under accession number LC103153 and voucher micrographs provided by MorphoBank (
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<bibRefCitation author="O'Leary, MA" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologie Marine" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" publicationUrl="http://www.morphobank.org" refId="B27" refString="O'Leary, MA, Kaufman, SG, 2012. MorphoBank 3.0: Web application for morphological phylogenetics and taxonomy. http://www.morphobank.org" title="MorphoBank 3.0: Web application for morphological phylogenetics and taxonomy." url="http://www.morphobank.org" year="2012">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Leary">O'Leary</normalizedToken>
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and Kaufman 2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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) at http://doi.org/10.7934/P2234.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Holotype: KUZ Z2624 (on microscope slide in glycerol), an adult female collected from Daidokutsu (type locality) on 28 July 2019 by KY. Paratypes: KUZ Z2625 (on microscope slide in glycerol), an adult female collected on 13 May 2019 by SF; KUZ Z2626 (on microscope slide in glycerol), an adult female collected on 26 August 2013 by KY; KUZ Z2627 (on SEM stub), a four-claw juvenile collected on 13 May 2019 by SF. All paratypes were collected from the type locality.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
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Muddy bottom of Daidokutsu (28 m below sea level), off Iejima Island, Okinawa Islands, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="26.716667">26°43'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="127" direction="east" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="127.833336">127°50'E</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
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<taxonomicName authority="Fujimoto & Jimi, 2020" authorityName="Fujimoto & Jimi" authorityYear="2020" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Styraconyxidae" genus="Cyaegharctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyaegharctus" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Cyaegharctus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with median, internal and external cirri each with basal swelling (cirrophore?) and short subdivision; lateral cirri each with short subdivision; cirri E on cirrophores arising from round lateral processes between legs III and IV; seminal receptacle ducts run postero-laterally with U-shaped bend (vesicles unknown); leg I sensory organs spine-like, each with distal subdivision and terminal pore; legs II and III sensory organs spine-like without subdivisions; leg IV sensory organs papillate with short distal tubes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
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Adult female (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Drawings of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., holotype KUZ Z 2624. A. Habitus (ventral view). B. Leg IV pocket organ. an anus, bt buccal tube, ca cavity, cE cirrus E, db dense body, ec external cirrus, go female gonopore (detail not available), ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, pl placoid, op opening, sc secondary clava, soI, IV legs I and IV sensory organs, sr seminal receptacles, ss stylet support, st stylet." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393347" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. DIC and PhC micrographs of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., adult female. A. Habitus (dorsal view). B. cephalic region (ventral view). C. Lateral cirrus. D. Buccal apparatus. E. Caudal region (ventral view) (epicuticle pillars visible). F. Leg I sensory organ and pocket organ. G. Leg II pocket organ (arrowhead indicates protruding portion). H. Leg II digits and claws. I. Leg III pocket organ. J. Leg IV pocket organ. K. female gonopore. L. Legs I-III sensory organs. M. Leg III digits and claws. A-J. holotype KUZ Z 2624, K. paratype KUZ Z 2625, L, M. paratype KUZ Z 2626. an anus, bt buccal tube, ca cavity, cE cirrus E, db dense body, ec external cirrus, go gonopore, ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, pei, e peduncles of internal and external digits, pl placoid, poI-IV legs I-IV pocket organs, pp proximal pad, sc secondary clava, soI-IV legs I-IV sensory organs, sr seminal receptacles, ss stylet support, st stylet." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393348" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">2A-J</figureCitation>
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). Dorso-ventrally flattened body 202
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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in length and 117
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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wide at level of leg III (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Drawings of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., holotype KUZ Z 2624. A. Habitus (ventral view). B. Leg IV pocket organ. an anus, bt buccal tube, ca cavity, cE cirrus E, db dense body, ec external cirrus, go female gonopore (detail not available), ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, pl placoid, op opening, sc secondary clava, soI, IV legs I and IV sensory organs, sr seminal receptacles, ss stylet support, st stylet." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393347" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">1A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. DIC and PhC micrographs of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., adult female. A. Habitus (dorsal view). B. cephalic region (ventral view). C. Lateral cirrus. D. Buccal apparatus. E. Caudal region (ventral view) (epicuticle pillars visible). F. Leg I sensory organ and pocket organ. G. Leg II pocket organ (arrowhead indicates protruding portion). H. Leg II digits and claws. I. Leg III pocket organ. J. Leg IV pocket organ. K. female gonopore. L. Legs I-III sensory organs. M. Leg III digits and claws. A-J. holotype KUZ Z 2624, K. paratype KUZ Z 2625, L, M. paratype KUZ Z 2626. an anus, bt buccal tube, ca cavity, cE cirrus E, db dense body, ec external cirrus, go gonopore, ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, pei, e peduncles of internal and external digits, pl placoid, poI-IV legs I-IV pocket organs, pp proximal pad, sc secondary clava, soI-IV legs I-IV sensory organs, sr seminal receptacles, ss stylet support, st stylet." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393348" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">2A</figureCitation>
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). Outer epicuticle loose from pillar layer as artefact of formaldehyde fixation (for further information see
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Remarks on paratypes</emphasis>
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). Fine epicuticular pillars recognised.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393347" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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Drawings of
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<taxonomicName authority="Fujimoto & Jimi, 2020" authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2020" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Styraconyxidae" genus="Cyaegharctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyaegharctus kitamurai" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="kitamurai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Cyaegharctus kitamurai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp. nov., holotype KUZ Z2624.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">A.</emphasis>
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Habitus (ventral view).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">B.</emphasis>
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Leg IV pocket organ.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">an</emphasis>
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anus,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">bt</emphasis>
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buccal tube,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">ca</emphasis>
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cavity,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">cE</emphasis>
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cirrus E,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">db</emphasis>
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dense body,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">ec</emphasis>
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external cirrus,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">go</emphasis>
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female gonopore (detail not available),
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">ic</emphasis>
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internal cirrus,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">lc</emphasis>
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lateral cirrus,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">mc</emphasis>
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median cirrus,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">pc</emphasis>
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primary clava,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">pl</emphasis>
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placoid,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">op</emphasis>
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opening,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">sc</emphasis>
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secondary clava,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">soI, IV</emphasis>
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legs I and IV sensory organs,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">sr</emphasis>
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seminal receptacles,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">ss</emphasis>
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stylet support,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">st</emphasis>
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stylet.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393348" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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DIC and PhC micrographs of
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<taxonomicName authority="Fujimoto & Jimi, 2020" authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2020" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Styraconyxidae" genus="Cyaegharctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyaegharctus kitamurai" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="kitamurai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Cyaegharctus kitamurai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp. nov., adult female.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">A.</emphasis>
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Habitus (dorsal view).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">B.</emphasis>
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cephalic region (ventral view).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">C.</emphasis>
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Lateral cirrus.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">D.</emphasis>
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Buccal apparatus.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">E.</emphasis>
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Caudal region (ventral view) (epicuticle pillars visible).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">F.</emphasis>
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Leg I sensory organ and pocket organ.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">G.</emphasis>
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Leg II pocket organ (arrowhead indicates protruding portion).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">H.</emphasis>
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Leg II digits and claws.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">I.</emphasis>
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Leg III pocket organ.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">J.</emphasis>
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Leg IV pocket organ.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">K.</emphasis>
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female gonopore.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">L.</emphasis>
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Legs I-III sensory organs.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">M.</emphasis>
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Leg III digits and claws.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">A-J.</emphasis>
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holotype KUZ Z2624,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">K.</emphasis>
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paratype KUZ Z2625,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">L, M.</emphasis>
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paratype KUZ Z2626.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">an</emphasis>
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anus,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">bt</emphasis>
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buccal tube,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">ca</emphasis>
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cavity,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">cE</emphasis>
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cirrus E,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">db</emphasis>
|
||
dense body,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">ec</emphasis>
|
||
external cirrus,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">go</emphasis>
|
||
gonopore,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">ic</emphasis>
|
||
internal cirrus,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">lc</emphasis>
|
||
lateral cirrus,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">mc</emphasis>
|
||
median cirrus,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">pc</emphasis>
|
||
primary clava,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">pei,e</emphasis>
|
||
peduncles of internal and external digits,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">pl</emphasis>
|
||
placoid,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">poI-IV</emphasis>
|
||
legs I-IV pocket organs,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">pp</emphasis>
|
||
proximal pad,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">sc</emphasis>
|
||
secondary clava,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">soI-IV</emphasis>
|
||
legs I-IV sensory organs,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">sr</emphasis>
|
||
seminal receptacles,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">ss</emphasis>
|
||
stylet support,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">st</emphasis>
|
||
stylet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
|
||
Cephalic region (head) (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Drawings of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., holotype KUZ Z 2624. A. Habitus (ventral view). B. Leg IV pocket organ. an anus, bt buccal tube, ca cavity, cE cirrus E, db dense body, ec external cirrus, go female gonopore (detail not available), ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, pl placoid, op opening, sc secondary clava, soI, IV legs I and IV sensory organs, sr seminal receptacles, ss stylet support, st stylet." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393347" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">1A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. DIC and PhC micrographs of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., adult female. A. Habitus (dorsal view). B. cephalic region (ventral view). C. Lateral cirrus. D. Buccal apparatus. E. Caudal region (ventral view) (epicuticle pillars visible). F. Leg I sensory organ and pocket organ. G. Leg II pocket organ (arrowhead indicates protruding portion). H. Leg II digits and claws. I. Leg III pocket organ. J. Leg IV pocket organ. K. female gonopore. L. Legs I-III sensory organs. M. Leg III digits and claws. A-J. holotype KUZ Z 2624, K. paratype KUZ Z 2625, L, M. paratype KUZ Z 2626. an anus, bt buccal tube, ca cavity, cE cirrus E, db dense body, ec external cirrus, go gonopore, ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, pei, e peduncles of internal and external digits, pl placoid, poI-IV legs I-IV pocket organs, pp proximal pad, sc secondary clava, soI-IV legs I-IV sensory organs, sr seminal receptacles, ss stylet support, st stylet." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393348" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">2B-D</figureCitation>
|
||
) with unpaired median cirrus, paired internal cirri, paired external cirri, paired lateral cirri, paired primary clavae, paired secondary clavae and antero-ventral directed mouth. Median, internal and external cirri (7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
and 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, respectively) with proximal swelling (cirrophore?) and short, distal subdivision terminating in pore. Lateral cirri (19
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), each with short, distal subdivision with terminal pore. Primary clavae ovoid (6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
) with distal pore and van der
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Land’s">Land's</normalizedToken>
|
||
body at base. Secondary clavae compact and conical (4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide at base). Internal cirri at anterior margin of head and dorsal median cirrus at slightly posterior position. External cirri latero-ventral to internal cirri. Secondary clavae between internal and external cirri. Dorsal lateral cirri and ventral primary clavae share common base at antero-lateral margin of head. Buccal apparatus consists of buccal tube (38
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), paired stylets, paired stylet supports (inserted 29
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
from mouth opening), three simple placoids (11
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
) and pharyngeal bulb. Observation of buccal apparatus incomplete due to dissolved structures after permanent preparation and difficulty in recognising pharyngeal
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="bulb’s">bulb's</normalizedToken>
|
||
margin after squeezing of specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
|
||
Paired spine-like cirri E (38
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
) (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Drawings of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., holotype KUZ Z 2624. A. Habitus (ventral view). B. Leg IV pocket organ. an anus, bt buccal tube, ca cavity, cE cirrus E, db dense body, ec external cirrus, go female gonopore (detail not available), ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, pl placoid, op opening, sc secondary clava, soI, IV legs I and IV sensory organs, sr seminal receptacles, ss stylet support, st stylet." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393347" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">1A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. DIC and PhC micrographs of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., adult female. A. Habitus (dorsal view). B. cephalic region (ventral view). C. Lateral cirrus. D. Buccal apparatus. E. Caudal region (ventral view) (epicuticle pillars visible). F. Leg I sensory organ and pocket organ. G. Leg II pocket organ (arrowhead indicates protruding portion). H. Leg II digits and claws. I. Leg III pocket organ. J. Leg IV pocket organ. K. female gonopore. L. Legs I-III sensory organs. M. Leg III digits and claws. A-J. holotype KUZ Z 2624, K. paratype KUZ Z 2625, L, M. paratype KUZ Z 2626. an anus, bt buccal tube, ca cavity, cE cirrus E, db dense body, ec external cirrus, go gonopore, ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, pei, e peduncles of internal and external digits, pl placoid, poI-IV legs I-IV pocket organs, pp proximal pad, sc secondary clava, soI-IV legs I-IV sensory organs, sr seminal receptacles, ss stylet support, st stylet." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393348" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">2E</figureCitation>
|
||
) on cirrophores arise from round lateral processes at level between legs III and IV.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
|
||
Rosette-like gonopore 9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
anterior to anus (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Drawings of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., holotype KUZ Z 2624. A. Habitus (ventral view). B. Leg IV pocket organ. an anus, bt buccal tube, ca cavity, cE cirrus E, db dense body, ec external cirrus, go female gonopore (detail not available), ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, pl placoid, op opening, sc secondary clava, soI, IV legs I and IV sensory organs, sr seminal receptacles, ss stylet support, st stylet." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393347" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">1A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. DIC and PhC micrographs of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., adult female. A. Habitus (dorsal view). B. cephalic region (ventral view). C. Lateral cirrus. D. Buccal apparatus. E. Caudal region (ventral view) (epicuticle pillars visible). F. Leg I sensory organ and pocket organ. G. Leg II pocket organ (arrowhead indicates protruding portion). H. Leg II digits and claws. I. Leg III pocket organ. J. Leg IV pocket organ. K. female gonopore. L. Legs I-III sensory organs. M. Leg III digits and claws. A-J. holotype KUZ Z 2624, K. paratype KUZ Z 2625, L, M. paratype KUZ Z 2626. an anus, bt buccal tube, ca cavity, cE cirrus E, db dense body, ec external cirrus, go gonopore, ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, pei, e peduncles of internal and external digits, pl placoid, poI-IV legs I-IV pocket organs, pp proximal pad, sc secondary clava, soI-IV legs I-IV sensory organs, sr seminal receptacles, ss stylet support, st stylet." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393348" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">2E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gonopore morphology disturbed when cleaning specimen and only contour recognisable after permanent preparation (8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter). Anus 16
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide at posterior most part of body between legs IV and consists of paired longitudinally elongate lobes. Paired seminal receptacles open immediately anterior to gonopore. Seminal receptacle ducts first run laterally, bent in U-shape and run postero-laterally. Terminal vesicles of seminal receptacles not recognised.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
|
||
Four pairs of legs (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Drawings of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., holotype KUZ Z 2624. A. Habitus (ventral view). B. Leg IV pocket organ. an anus, bt buccal tube, ca cavity, cE cirrus E, db dense body, ec external cirrus, go female gonopore (detail not available), ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, pl placoid, op opening, sc secondary clava, soI, IV legs I and IV sensory organs, sr seminal receptacles, ss stylet support, st stylet." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393347" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. DIC and PhC micrographs of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., adult female. A. Habitus (dorsal view). B. cephalic region (ventral view). C. Lateral cirrus. D. Buccal apparatus. E. Caudal region (ventral view) (epicuticle pillars visible). F. Leg I sensory organ and pocket organ. G. Leg II pocket organ (arrowhead indicates protruding portion). H. Leg II digits and claws. I. Leg III pocket organ. J. Leg IV pocket organ. K. female gonopore. L. Legs I-III sensory organs. M. Leg III digits and claws. A-J. holotype KUZ Z 2624, K. paratype KUZ Z 2625, L, M. paratype KUZ Z 2626. an anus, bt buccal tube, ca cavity, cE cirrus E, db dense body, ec external cirrus, go gonopore, ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, pei, e peduncles of internal and external digits, pl placoid, poI-IV legs I-IV pocket organs, pp proximal pad, sc secondary clava, soI-IV legs I-IV sensory organs, sr seminal receptacles, ss stylet support, st stylet." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393348" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">2F-J</figureCitation>
|
||
) each with usual leg sensory organ on dorsal side of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="femur’s">femur's</normalizedToken>
|
||
proximal portion, pocket organ on dorsal side of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="femur’s">femur's</normalizedToken>
|
||
distal margin and four digits terminating in claws. Legs I each with spine-like sensory organ (10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
) with distal subdivision. Legs II each with spine-like sensory organs which lack subdivisions (length not measured due to bad orientation). No sensory organs recognised on legs III but presence likely (recognised in paratypes; see
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Remarks on paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
). Legs IV each with sensory organ (7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
) consisting of papilla (4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
) with distal tubular portion (2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Pocket organ consists of small opening, cavity and apparent dense body. No difference recognised amongst legs I-IV pocket organs besides protruded opening of leg II pocket organ. Leg IV pocket organ in good orientation for observation of whole structure (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Drawings of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., holotype KUZ Z 2624. A. Habitus (ventral view). B. Leg IV pocket organ. an anus, bt buccal tube, ca cavity, cE cirrus E, db dense body, ec external cirrus, go female gonopore (detail not available), ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, pl placoid, op opening, sc secondary clava, soI, IV legs I and IV sensory organs, sr seminal receptacles, ss stylet support, st stylet." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393347" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">1B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Internal digits each with proximal pad and thin peduncle. External digits each with broad peduncle that do not reach claws, subdivided into proximal and distal portion. Internal digits longer than external digits. Each claw of both internal and external digits with three points: primary hook and less-developed, secondary and accessory hooks. Digits and peduncles slightly longer than those of preceding leg pairs (legs I: internal digits 13
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(peduncles 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), external digits 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(peduncles 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
); legs II: 14
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
); legs III: 15
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
); legs IV: 16
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Remarks on paratypes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
|
||
Fixation of specimens using formaldehyde seems to have introduced an artefact in the cuticle, i.e. the detached (or loose) outer epicuticle. When the specimens were sorted in distilled water before fixation, the outer epicuticle did not look loose at 63
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
magnification (all four specimens) and also at 400
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
magnification (only observed for KUZ Z2627) as it would appear in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kristensen & Renaud-Mornant" authorityYear="1983" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Tholoarctus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tholoarctus" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Tholoarctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although these are only brief observations and we did not conduct any experiment to test this artefact, we consider the outer
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="epicuticle’s">epicuticle's</normalizedToken>
|
||
detached state as an artefact and excluded this character state from the diagnoses of this genus and species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
|
||
The adult female paratype KUZ Z2625 revealed the presence of a cuticular ring surrounding the rosette gonopore (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. DIC and PhC micrographs of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., adult female. A. Habitus (dorsal view). B. cephalic region (ventral view). C. Lateral cirrus. D. Buccal apparatus. E. Caudal region (ventral view) (epicuticle pillars visible). F. Leg I sensory organ and pocket organ. G. Leg II pocket organ (arrowhead indicates protruding portion). H. Leg II digits and claws. I. Leg III pocket organ. J. Leg IV pocket organ. K. female gonopore. L. Legs I-III sensory organs. M. Leg III digits and claws. A-J. holotype KUZ Z 2624, K. paratype KUZ Z 2625, L, M. paratype KUZ Z 2626. an anus, bt buccal tube, ca cavity, cE cirrus E, db dense body, ec external cirrus, go gonopore, ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, pei, e peduncles of internal and external digits, pl placoid, poI-IV legs I-IV pocket organs, pp proximal pad, sc secondary clava, soI-IV legs I-IV sensory organs, sr seminal receptacles, ss stylet support, st stylet." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393348" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">2K</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the presence of the spine-like leg III sensory organs with no subdivisions. In the adult female paratype KUZ Z2626, the legs I-III sensory organs, claws and peduncles were orientated better than the holotype and the other paratype for observation (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. DIC and PhC micrographs of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., adult female. A. Habitus (dorsal view). B. cephalic region (ventral view). C. Lateral cirrus. D. Buccal apparatus. E. Caudal region (ventral view) (epicuticle pillars visible). F. Leg I sensory organ and pocket organ. G. Leg II pocket organ (arrowhead indicates protruding portion). H. Leg II digits and claws. I. Leg III pocket organ. J. Leg IV pocket organ. K. female gonopore. L. Legs I-III sensory organs. M. Leg III digits and claws. A-J. holotype KUZ Z 2624, K. paratype KUZ Z 2625, L, M. paratype KUZ Z 2626. an anus, bt buccal tube, ca cavity, cE cirrus E, db dense body, ec external cirrus, go gonopore, ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, pei, e peduncles of internal and external digits, pl placoid, poI-IV legs I-IV pocket organs, pp proximal pad, sc secondary clava, soI-IV legs I-IV sensory organs, sr seminal receptacles, ss stylet support, st stylet." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393348" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">2L, M</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, the pocket organs were not recognised for this specimen, probably due to the excessively-squeezed state. Other character states, recognised in these two paratypes, confirmed the observation of the holotype. The morphometrics are as follows (KUZ Z2625, Z2626): body length (159
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 210
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), body width (83
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 110
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), median cirrus (5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), internal cirrus (10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 12
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), external cirrus (9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 12
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), lateral cirrus (17
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 19
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), primary clava (6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), secondary clava width (4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), cirrus E (33
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 33
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), leg I sensory organ (7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 12
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), leg II sensory organ (8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), leg III sensory organ (10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 11
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), leg IV sensory organ (4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), gonopore (6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, -), anus length (-,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), anus width (-, -), gonopore-anus distance (5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, -) (- represents 'not
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="measured’">measured'</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
|
||
The SEM of a four claw juvenile (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. SEM micrographs of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., four-claw juvenile paratype KUZ Z 2627. A. Habitus (lateral view). B. Cephalic region (frontal view). C. Cephalic region (ventral view). D. Anus. E. Leg I sensory organ. F. Leg II sensory organ. G. Leg III sensory organ. H. Leg IV sensory organ. I. Leg IV pocket organ. J. Leg III digits and claws. ah accessory hook, an anus, cE cirrus E, ec external cirrus, fe femur, ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, ph primary hook, poIII, IV legs III and IV pocket organs, pp proximal pad, sc secondary clava, sh secondary hook, soI-IV legs I-IV sensory organs, ti tibia." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393349" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">3</figureCitation>
|
||
) confirmed the results of light microscopy and also provided further detail. However, this SEM specimen also seems to have its outer epicuticle detached. If the outer epicuticle is attached to the underlying layer, a pattern is recognised on the surface of the body due to the pillar layer, but no such indentations were found, suggestive of the detached state of the outer cuticle (for ultrastructure of cuticle, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kristensen, RM" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" pagination="261 - 281" refId="B24" refString="Kristensen, RM, Neuhaus, B, 1999. The ultrastructure of the tardigrade cuticle with special attention to marine species. Zoologischer Anzeiger 238: 261 - 281" title="The ultrastructure of the tardigrade cuticle with special attention to marine species." volume="238" year="1999">Kristensen and Neuhaus 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The proximal part of each leg has an inflated appearance (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. SEM micrographs of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., four-claw juvenile paratype KUZ Z 2627. A. Habitus (lateral view). B. Cephalic region (frontal view). C. Cephalic region (ventral view). D. Anus. E. Leg I sensory organ. F. Leg II sensory organ. G. Leg III sensory organ. H. Leg IV sensory organ. I. Leg IV pocket organ. J. Leg III digits and claws. ah accessory hook, an anus, cE cirrus E, ec external cirrus, fe femur, ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, ph primary hook, poIII, IV legs III and IV pocket organs, pp proximal pad, sc secondary clava, sh secondary hook, soI-IV legs I-IV sensory organs, ti tibia." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393349" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
) not recognised in light microscopy. The view of the cephalic region (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. SEM micrographs of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., four-claw juvenile paratype KUZ Z 2627. A. Habitus (lateral view). B. Cephalic region (frontal view). C. Cephalic region (ventral view). D. Anus. E. Leg I sensory organ. F. Leg II sensory organ. G. Leg III sensory organ. H. Leg IV sensory organ. I. Leg IV pocket organ. J. Leg III digits and claws. ah accessory hook, an anus, cE cirrus E, ec external cirrus, fe femur, ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, ph primary hook, poIII, IV legs III and IV pocket organs, pp proximal pad, sc secondary clava, sh secondary hook, soI-IV legs I-IV sensory organs, ti tibia." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393349" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">3B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
) revealed the three-dimensional morphology and the arrangement of the cephalic appendages and also confirmed the presence of terminal pores on the cephalic cirri and the primary clavae. The conical shape of the secondary clavae seems not as evident as in light microscopy probably due to the overlying outer epicuticle. The large anus is not on the ventral surface and rather direct posteriorly (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. SEM micrographs of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., four-claw juvenile paratype KUZ Z 2627. A. Habitus (lateral view). B. Cephalic region (frontal view). C. Cephalic region (ventral view). D. Anus. E. Leg I sensory organ. F. Leg II sensory organ. G. Leg III sensory organ. H. Leg IV sensory organ. I. Leg IV pocket organ. J. Leg III digits and claws. ah accessory hook, an anus, cE cirrus E, ec external cirrus, fe femur, ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, ph primary hook, poIII, IV legs III and IV pocket organs, pp proximal pad, sc secondary clava, sh secondary hook, soI-IV legs I-IV sensory organs, ti tibia." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393349" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">3D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The leg sensory organs were recognised (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. SEM micrographs of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., four-claw juvenile paratype KUZ Z 2627. A. Habitus (lateral view). B. Cephalic region (frontal view). C. Cephalic region (ventral view). D. Anus. E. Leg I sensory organ. F. Leg II sensory organ. G. Leg III sensory organ. H. Leg IV sensory organ. I. Leg IV pocket organ. J. Leg III digits and claws. ah accessory hook, an anus, cE cirrus E, ec external cirrus, fe femur, ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, ph primary hook, poIII, IV legs III and IV pocket organs, pp proximal pad, sc secondary clava, sh secondary hook, soI-IV legs I-IV sensory organs, ti tibia." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393349" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">3E-H</figureCitation>
|
||
) and those of legs I and IV revealed to have terminal pores. The pocket organs (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. SEM micrographs of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., four-claw juvenile paratype KUZ Z 2627. A. Habitus (lateral view). B. Cephalic region (frontal view). C. Cephalic region (ventral view). D. Anus. E. Leg I sensory organ. F. Leg II sensory organ. G. Leg III sensory organ. H. Leg IV sensory organ. I. Leg IV pocket organ. J. Leg III digits and claws. ah accessory hook, an anus, cE cirrus E, ec external cirrus, fe femur, ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, ph primary hook, poIII, IV legs III and IV pocket organs, pp proximal pad, sc secondary clava, sh secondary hook, soI-IV legs I-IV sensory organs, ti tibia." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393349" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">3I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
) were recognised on all legs, however, with slightly different degrees of protruded appearances. The protruded state might be an artefact caused during specimen preparation since specimens on microscope slides do not always have these appearances (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Drawings of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., holotype KUZ Z 2624. A. Habitus (ventral view). B. Leg IV pocket organ. an anus, bt buccal tube, ca cavity, cE cirrus E, db dense body, ec external cirrus, go female gonopore (detail not available), ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, pl placoid, op opening, sc secondary clava, soI, IV legs I and IV sensory organs, sr seminal receptacles, ss stylet support, st stylet." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393347" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">1B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. DIC and PhC micrographs of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., adult female. A. Habitus (dorsal view). B. cephalic region (ventral view). C. Lateral cirrus. D. Buccal apparatus. E. Caudal region (ventral view) (epicuticle pillars visible). F. Leg I sensory organ and pocket organ. G. Leg II pocket organ (arrowhead indicates protruding portion). H. Leg II digits and claws. I. Leg III pocket organ. J. Leg IV pocket organ. K. female gonopore. L. Legs I-III sensory organs. M. Leg III digits and claws. A-J. holotype KUZ Z 2624, K. paratype KUZ Z 2625, L, M. paratype KUZ Z 2626. an anus, bt buccal tube, ca cavity, cE cirrus E, db dense body, ec external cirrus, go gonopore, ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, pei, e peduncles of internal and external digits, pl placoid, poI-IV legs I-IV pocket organs, pp proximal pad, sc secondary clava, soI-IV legs I-IV sensory organs, sr seminal receptacles, ss stylet support, st stylet." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393348" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">2F, I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
) or the pocket organs are capable of moving. In the latter case, since no muscles seem to be attached to the structures, a passive movement is likely. Regarding claw/digit morphology, the peduncles (internal structures) were not recognised but the three hooks of the internal claws and the single-pointed external claws were recognised (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. SEM micrographs of Cyaegharctus kitamurai gen. et sp. nov., four-claw juvenile paratype KUZ Z 2627. A. Habitus (lateral view). B. Cephalic region (frontal view). C. Cephalic region (ventral view). D. Anus. E. Leg I sensory organ. F. Leg II sensory organ. G. Leg III sensory organ. H. Leg IV sensory organ. I. Leg IV pocket organ. J. Leg III digits and claws. ah accessory hook, an anus, cE cirrus E, ec external cirrus, fe femur, ic internal cirrus, lc lateral cirrus, mc median cirrus, pc primary clava, ph primary hook, poIII, IV legs III and IV pocket organs, pp proximal pad, sc secondary clava, sh secondary hook, soI-IV legs I-IV sensory organs, ti tibia." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393349" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">3J</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.96.49676.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393349" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
SEM micrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Fujimoto & Jimi, 2020" authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2020" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Styraconyxidae" genus="Cyaegharctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyaegharctus kitamurai" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="kitamurai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Cyaegharctus kitamurai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov., four-claw juvenile paratype KUZ Z2627.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus (lateral view).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Cephalic region (frontal view).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Cephalic region (ventral view).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Anus.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Leg I sensory organ.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Leg II sensory organ.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">G.</emphasis>
|
||
Leg III sensory organ.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">H.</emphasis>
|
||
Leg IV sensory organ.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">I.</emphasis>
|
||
Leg IV pocket organ.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">J.</emphasis>
|
||
Leg III digits and claws.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">ah</emphasis>
|
||
accessory hook,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">an</emphasis>
|
||
anus,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">cE</emphasis>
|
||
cirrus E,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">ec</emphasis>
|
||
external cirrus,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">fe</emphasis>
|
||
femur,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">ic</emphasis>
|
||
internal cirrus,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">lc</emphasis>
|
||
lateral cirrus,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">mc</emphasis>
|
||
median cirrus,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">pc</emphasis>
|
||
primary clava,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">ph</emphasis>
|
||
primary hook,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">poIII, IV</emphasis>
|
||
legs III and IV pocket organs,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">pp</emphasis>
|
||
proximal pad,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">sc</emphasis>
|
||
secondary clava,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">sh</emphasis>
|
||
secondary hook,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">soI-IV</emphasis>
|
||
legs I-IV sensory organs,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">ti</emphasis>
|
||
tibia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
|
||
The species is dedicated to Prof. Dr. Akihisa Kitamura (Shizuoka University), who has been studying Daidokutsu and its bivalve assemblage to understand the paleo-environment (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.09.002" author="Kitamura, A" journalOrPublisher="Global Planet Change" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" pagination="301 - 316" refId="B18" refString="Kitamura, A, Yamamoto, N, Kase, T, Ohashi, S, Hiramoto, M, Fukusawa, H, Watanabe, T, Irino, T, Kojitani, H, Shimamura, M, Kawakami, I, 2007. Potential of submarine-cave sediments and oxygen isotope composition of cavernicolous micro-bivalve as a late Holocene paleoenvironmental record. Global Planet Change 55: 301 - 316, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.09.002" title="Potential of submarine-cave sediments and oxygen isotope composition of cavernicolous micro-bivalve as a late Holocene paleoenvironmental record." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.09.002" volume="55" year="2007">Kitamura et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |