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<document id="337026D975FD1A97A6DCCEBAF5B744EC" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5359.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10147920" ID-ZooBank="11CC5175-7CCE-453F-88EB-3490E82F4972" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1700203423776" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wanke, Dominic, Hausmann, Axel, Lee, Kyung Min, Murillo-Ramos, Leidys, Sihvonen, Pasi &amp; Rajaei, Hossein" docDate="2023" docId="D52D6D50FF8AFFC9FF6FFF3AFA57D8B2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5359.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5359 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5359.1.1/52094" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Cinglis humifusaria Wanke &amp; Hausmann &amp; Lee &amp; Murillo-Ramos &amp; Sihvonen &amp; Rajaei 2023, stat. rev." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="29141528FF83FFC0FFF8FFADFFC3DF68" masterDocTitle="Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae)" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1700204211901" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="3A8B1B1A665430347602651DCF8292A4" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="BCA14A50871390721F8F7B2392726DAA">Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1C986E6DA9FE672E5109AF19F9A80F40">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="92039FBF66402C2728544190BB117417">Wanke, Dominic</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F31DBC29E86A99B9A872C7159EF91BF1">State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Entomology, Rosenstein &amp; D- 70191 Stuttgart, Germany. &amp; University of Hohenheim, Systematic Entomology (190 n), Garbenstr. 30, D- 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="C78EB4D1DC3E7B25FF3946D38724E5AD">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="41145A6B8310DDF73FC2F9A44EA92F9A">Hausmann, Axel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6FA87F31FF5B7FA6912AC1CCCA130F6C">SNSB-ZSM, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstr. 21, D- 81247 Munich, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="3D0B50F58E1CC1B8669BF16EE2A412E4">Lee, Kyung Min</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AF8E1E0ADC3FF1EEBC5F210B943F076D">Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2D4F862A6012A2E57558F176207E747B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D2D9BEA0ABEB5D25CCCD84701FBB384B">
<mods:roleTerm id="C0DF7EFAC593542766D7C76E6EF74FA0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F1FE2331BC4A48D48C16EA8E000AA5C5">Murillo-Ramos, Leidys</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0D6FFB0824977409FC6C176EBDE20456">Grupo Biologi ́ a Evolutiva, Department of Biology, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia. Corresponding author.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="53645150D98D56723F9AC2280B916890" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D611AED1033705FE94EE3BE3C9143343">
<mods:roleTerm id="D0ABBE10CA6274B7E54DE3AF74FF7FA0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="13D5FE3051F437CF65526FBCF68F6C79">Sihvonen, Pasi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2D42249A867E8920E7594E08D7CA4AB4">Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D7EF773E7B838DF685577C70EFDD3689">Rajaei, Hossein</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D1886161FD4ED3A861A0C94FC5FF80E6">State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Entomology, Rosenstein &amp; D- 70191 Stuttgart, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="5AB33DBDAB51382B5338796CE1A66E27">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A1C1C30EBE4E4B1B8F71A7788C2E8DCC">
<mods:date id="C969AFE73603A004545433B990D1BCC4">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="628CBA621FC7CDCB346BE0BDC82CBA64">2023-10-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="487F30634C34CD625E859BB7A741F63F">5359</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A7984D0086368F2BA8715DABBA908FF5">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="600372E7E5179DFBA793E05D30503E20">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="D4152FF86FEF3C3E84087CA7C44B51A5" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5359.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8016EDA9D3460EF5A13295019DF63AD3" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B2D19F33274352A72DE6C882CBD71719" type="Zenodo-Dep">10147920</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D52D6D50FF8AFFC9FF6FFF3AFA57D8B2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D52D6D50FF8AFFC9FF6FFF3AFA57D8B2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D52D6D50FF8AFFC9FF6FFF3AFA57D8B2" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF8AFFC9FF6FFF3AFD33DFD9" box="[151,752,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF8AFFC9FF6FFF3AFD33DFD9" blockId="9.[151,815,151,214]" box="[151,752,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="06736B2AFF8AFFC9FF6FFF3AFD33DFD9" bold="true" box="[151,752,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="4">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FF6FFF3AFD33DFD9" bold="true" box="[151,752,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF8AFFC9FF6FFF3AFDBDDFD9" ID-CoL="5Z83X" authority="(Eversmann, 1837)" authorityName="Wanke &amp; Hausmann &amp; Lee &amp; Murillo-Ramos &amp; Sihvonen &amp; Rajaei" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Eversmann" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[151,638,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Cinglis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humifusaria" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FF6FFF3AFE48DFDA" bold="true" box="[151,395,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cinglis humifusaria</emphasis>
(Eversmann, 1837)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="74C3BD2FFF8AFFC9FD7EFF3AFD33DFD9" box="[646,752,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF8AFFC9FF6FFF16FBEFDE5E" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF8AFFC9FF6FFF16FCECDFBD" blockId="9.[151,815,151,214]" box="[151,815,187,214]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
(
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF8AFFC9FF67FF16FF2CDFBD" box="[159,239,187,213]" captionStart="PLATE 3" captionStartId="46.[152,238,220,244]" captionText="PLATE 3: Figures 1–23. Wing pattern of Cinglis and Scopula species. 1–2: Cinglis humifusaria (Iran, Zanjan, Ab-Dar, 1: g. prep. 1252/2022 D. Wanke; 2: g. prep. 1193/2022 D. Wanke); 3–4: Cinglis benigna benigna comb. nov. (Iran, Baloutchistan, Fort Sengan, 3: g. prep. 11053; 4: g. prep. 11054); 5–6: Cinglis benigna nigromaculata comb. nov. (Iran, Teheran, 5: Holotype, g. prep. 3796 Hausmann; 6: Paratype, g. prep. 3797 Hausmann); 7–8: Cinglis benigna amseli syn. nov. of Cinglis benigna benigna comb. nov. (7: Holotype, Iran, Fars, Quli-Kush, g. prep. 1127 E.P. Wiltshire; 8: Paratype, Afghanistan, Gulbahar, g. prep. 2263/2020 H. Rajaei); 9–10: Cinglis eurata comb. nov. (Turkmenistan, Kopet-Dagh, 9: g. prep. 894 Pasi Sihvonen; 10: g. prep. 895 Pasi Sihvonen); 11–16: Scopuloides origalis stat. rev. (11–13: Iran, Laristan, Strasse Bender-Abbas-Saidabad, 11: Holotype, 12: Paratype, g. prep. 10878; 13: g. prep. 0587/2020 D. Wanke; 14: Iran, Balutschestan, Nikschar, g. prep. 0565/2020 D. Wanke; 15–16: Iran, Balutschestan, Khasch, 15: g. prep. 0626/2020 D. Wanke, 16: g. prep. 0617/2020 D. Wanke); 17–19: Scopula conscensa (17: Type, [India], Poona, NHMUK014173526; 18: Ceylon, NHMUK014173528; 19: [India], Pusa, NHMUK 014173527); 20–23: Scopula relictata (20: Bahrain, Jurdeh desert, NHMUK014173578; 21: Iran, Minab, g. prep. 0923/2021 D. Wanke; 22: Tainan, Formosa, NHMUK014173637; 23: Bahrain, Adari, NHMUK014173579). a = upperside; b = underside. Scale-bar 1 cm." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Plate 3</figureCitation>
, Figs 1–2;
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF8AFFC9FE94FF16FE0ADFBD" box="[364,457,187,213]" captionStart="PLATE 10" captionStartId="55.[152,238,1747,1771]" captionText="PLATE 10: Figures 1–7. Male genitalia of Cinglis and Scopuloides stat. rev. species. 1: Cinglis humifusaria (Iran, Zanjan, Ab-Dar, g. prep. 1253/2022 D. Wanke); 2: Cinglis benigna benigna comb. nov. (Iran, Baloutchistan, a, b, c1: g. prep. 11053; c2: g. prep. 0874/2020 D. Wanke; c3: g. prep. 0604/2020 D. Wanke); 3: Cinglis benigna nigromaculata comb. nov. (Iran, Kashan, g. prep. 0665/2020 D. Wanke); 4–5: Cinglis benigna amseli syn. nov. of Cinglis benigna benigna comb. nov. (4: Paratype, Afghanistan, Gulbahar, g. prep. WM. 131; 5a, b, c1: Paratype, Afghanistan, Gulbahar, g. prep. 2263/2020 H. Rajaei; 5c2: Afghanistan, Polichomri, g. prep. 2262/2020 H. Rajaei); 6: Cinglis eurata comb. nov. (Iran, Khorasan Razavi, g. prep. 1179/2021 D. Wanke); 7: Scopuloides origalis stat. rev. (Paratype, Iran, Laristan, Strasse Bender-Abbas-Saidabad, g. prep. 10878). a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus; c = 8th sternite. Scale-bar 1 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Plate 10</figureCitation>
, Fig. 1;
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF8AFFC9FDDDFF16FD41DFBD" box="[549,642,187,213]" captionStart="PLATE 21" captionStartId="67.[152,230,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,154,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-20@67.[151,1436,151,1833]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="PLATE 21: Figures 1–9. Female genitalia of Cinglis, Scopuloides and Scopula species. 1: Cinglis humifusaria (Iran, Zanjan,Ab-Dar, g. prep. 1193/2022 D. Wanke); 2: Cinglis benigna benigna comb. nov. (Iran, Strasse Shiraz-Kazerun, Imam Sade, g. prep. 1050/2021 D. Wanke); 3: Cinglis benigna nigromaculata comb. nov. (Iran, Semnan, Cheschme Ali, g. prep. 0985/2021 D. Wanke); 4: Cinglis benigna amseli syn. nov. of Cinglis benigna benigna comb. nov. (Paratype, Afghanistan, Gulbahar, g. prep. WM 131); 5: Cinglis eurata comb. nov. (Turkmenistan, Kopet-Dagh, g. prep. 895 Pasi Sihvonen); 6: Scopuloides origalis stat. rev. (Iran, Balutschestan, Nikschar, g. prep. 0565/2020 D. Wanke); 7: Scopula conscensa (Ceylon, NHMUK014173528, Slide NHMUK010317461); 8–9: Scopula relictata (8: Oman,Adam, NHMUK014173580, Slide NHMUK014314454; 9: [Kenya], Suna, S. Kavirondo, NHMUK014173536, Slide NHMUK014314489); Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147954/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Plate 21</figureCitation>
, Fig. 1; Map 1)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF8AFFC9FF6FFEADFBEFDE5E" blockId="9.[151,1436,255,310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF8AFFC9FF6FFEADFDE4DE70" authority="Eversmann, 1837" authorityName="Eversmann" authorityYear="1837" box="[151,551,256,280]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Fidonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humifusaria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FF6FFEADFEAADE70" box="[151,361,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fidonia humifusaria</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="EDECD61BFF8AFFC9FE89FEADFDE4DE70" box="[369,551,256,280]" collectionCode="ZISP" collectorName="Bulletin de la Societe" country="Russia" county="Lower Volga" location="Hausmann" municipality="southern European" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Moscow" typeStatus="lectotype">Eversmann, 1837</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<collectorName id="F071B990FF8AFFC9FDCAFEADFCCCDE70" box="[562,783,256,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bulletin de la Société</collectorName>
impériale des naturalistes de
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FF8AFFC9FBBAFEADFB55DE7F" box="[1090,1174,256,279]" country="Russia" name="Moscow" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Moscou</collectingRegion>
, 10 (6): 57.
<typeStatus id="823F62E4FF8AFFC9FAEEFEADFAB8DE70" box="[1302,1403,256,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
♁, designated by
<location id="585B8A9DFF8AFFC9FEA2FEB2FE05DE5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D52D6D50FF8AFFC9FF6FFF3AFA57D8B2:585B8A9DFF8AFFC9FEA2FEB2FE05DE5E" box="[346,454,287,310]" country="Russia" county="Lower Volga" municipality="southern European" name="Hausmann" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Moscow">Hausmann</location>
(2004) (
<collectingMunicipality id="BD5F463CFF8AFFC9FDE5FEB3FD1EDE5E" box="[541,733,286,310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">southern European</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF8AFFC9FD1CFEB3FCEFDE5E" box="[740,812,286,310]" name="Russia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Russia</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingCounty id="B45AA4CAFF8AFFC9FCCCFEB2FC7BDE5E" box="[820,952,286,310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lower Volga</collectingCounty>
) (in ZISP).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF8AFFC9FF6FFEC9FD40DE16" box="[151,643,356,385]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF8AFFC9FF6FFEC9FD40DE16" blockId="9.[151,1436,356,959]" box="[151,643,356,385]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FF6FFEC9FE40DE16" bold="true" box="[151,387,356,382]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Material examined:</emphasis>
8 ♁/
<specimenCount id="4B8217CFFF8AFFC9FE46FECBFE12DEE9" box="[446,465,358,385]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
(see appendix).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF8AFFC9FF3FFE25FB95DD12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF8AFFC9FF3FFE25FD4DDD67" blockId="9.[151,1436,356,959]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FF3FFE25FE81DECA" bold="true" box="[199,322,392,418]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Wingspan ♁
<specimenCount id="4B8217CFFF8AFFC9FE37FE27FE27DECD" box="[463,484,394,421]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FF8AFFC9FE10FE24FD9DDECB" box="[488,606,393,419]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="20.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="18.0">18–23 mm</quantity>
(Hausmann2004). Ground colour white, with broad, dark brown transversal lines (
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF8AFFC9FF24FE01FEEDDEAF" box="[220,302,428,455]" captionStart="PLATE 3" captionStartId="46.[152,238,220,244]" captionText="PLATE 3: Figures 1–23. Wing pattern of Cinglis and Scopula species. 1–2: Cinglis humifusaria (Iran, Zanjan, Ab-Dar, 1: g. prep. 1252/2022 D. Wanke; 2: g. prep. 1193/2022 D. Wanke); 3–4: Cinglis benigna benigna comb. nov. (Iran, Baloutchistan, Fort Sengan, 3: g. prep. 11053; 4: g. prep. 11054); 5–6: Cinglis benigna nigromaculata comb. nov. (Iran, Teheran, 5: Holotype, g. prep. 3796 Hausmann; 6: Paratype, g. prep. 3797 Hausmann); 7–8: Cinglis benigna amseli syn. nov. of Cinglis benigna benigna comb. nov. (7: Holotype, Iran, Fars, Quli-Kush, g. prep. 1127 E.P. Wiltshire; 8: Paratype, Afghanistan, Gulbahar, g. prep. 2263/2020 H. Rajaei); 9–10: Cinglis eurata comb. nov. (Turkmenistan, Kopet-Dagh, 9: g. prep. 894 Pasi Sihvonen; 10: g. prep. 895 Pasi Sihvonen); 11–16: Scopuloides origalis stat. rev. (11–13: Iran, Laristan, Strasse Bender-Abbas-Saidabad, 11: Holotype, 12: Paratype, g. prep. 10878; 13: g. prep. 0587/2020 D. Wanke; 14: Iran, Balutschestan, Nikschar, g. prep. 0565/2020 D. Wanke; 15–16: Iran, Balutschestan, Khasch, 15: g. prep. 0626/2020 D. Wanke, 16: g. prep. 0617/2020 D. Wanke); 17–19: Scopula conscensa (17: Type, [India], Poona, NHMUK014173526; 18: Ceylon, NHMUK014173528; 19: [India], Pusa, NHMUK 014173527); 20–23: Scopula relictata (20: Bahrain, Jurdeh desert, NHMUK014173578; 21: Iran, Minab, g. prep. 0923/2021 D. Wanke; 22: Tainan, Formosa, NHMUK014173637; 23: Bahrain, Adari, NHMUK014173579). a = upperside; b = underside. Scale-bar 1 cm." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Plate 3</figureCitation>
, Figs 1–2). Due to its unique wing pattern,
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF8AFFC9FCDCFE01FBC6DEAE" authorityName="Wanke &amp; Hausmann &amp; Lee &amp; Murillo-Ramos &amp; Sihvonen &amp; Rajaei" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Eversmann" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[804,1029,428,454]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Cinglis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humifusaria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FCDCFE01FBC6DEAE" box="[804,1029,428,454]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cinglis humifusaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cannot be confused externally with other
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF8AFFC9FF20FE7DFE80DE82" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1845" box="[216,323,464,490]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Scopulini">Scopulini</taxonomicName>
in the Middle East and Central Asia. For additional diagnostic characters see generic part and
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF8AFFC9FA9CFE7DFF65DD67" captionStart="PLATE 3" captionStartId="46.[152,238,220,244]" captionText="PLATE 3: Figures 1–23. Wing pattern of Cinglis and Scopula species. 1–2: Cinglis humifusaria (Iran, Zanjan, Ab-Dar, 1: g. prep. 1252/2022 D. Wanke; 2: g. prep. 1193/2022 D. Wanke); 3–4: Cinglis benigna benigna comb. nov. (Iran, Baloutchistan, Fort Sengan, 3: g. prep. 11053; 4: g. prep. 11054); 5–6: Cinglis benigna nigromaculata comb. nov. (Iran, Teheran, 5: Holotype, g. prep. 3796 Hausmann; 6: Paratype, g. prep. 3797 Hausmann); 7–8: Cinglis benigna amseli syn. nov. of Cinglis benigna benigna comb. nov. (7: Holotype, Iran, Fars, Quli-Kush, g. prep. 1127 E.P. Wiltshire; 8: Paratype, Afghanistan, Gulbahar, g. prep. 2263/2020 H. Rajaei); 9–10: Cinglis eurata comb. nov. (Turkmenistan, Kopet-Dagh, 9: g. prep. 894 Pasi Sihvonen; 10: g. prep. 895 Pasi Sihvonen); 11–16: Scopuloides origalis stat. rev. (11–13: Iran, Laristan, Strasse Bender-Abbas-Saidabad, 11: Holotype, 12: Paratype, g. prep. 10878; 13: g. prep. 0587/2020 D. Wanke; 14: Iran, Balutschestan, Nikschar, g. prep. 0565/2020 D. Wanke; 15–16: Iran, Balutschestan, Khasch, 15: g. prep. 0626/2020 D. Wanke, 16: g. prep. 0617/2020 D. Wanke); 17–19: Scopula conscensa (17: Type, [India], Poona, NHMUK014173526; 18: Ceylon, NHMUK014173528; 19: [India], Pusa, NHMUK 014173527); 20–23: Scopula relictata (20: Bahrain, Jurdeh desert, NHMUK014173578; 21: Iran, Minab, g. prep. 0923/2021 D. Wanke; 22: Tainan, Formosa, NHMUK014173637; 23: Bahrain, Adari, NHMUK014173579). a = upperside; b = underside. Scale-bar 1 cm." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Plate 3</figureCitation>
, Figs 1–2;
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF8AFFC9FEDBFE59FE43DD67" box="[291,384,500,527]" captionStart="PLATE 10" captionStartId="55.[152,238,1747,1771]" captionText="PLATE 10: Figures 1–7. Male genitalia of Cinglis and Scopuloides stat. rev. species. 1: Cinglis humifusaria (Iran, Zanjan, Ab-Dar, g. prep. 1253/2022 D. Wanke); 2: Cinglis benigna benigna comb. nov. (Iran, Baloutchistan, a, b, c1: g. prep. 11053; c2: g. prep. 0874/2020 D. Wanke; c3: g. prep. 0604/2020 D. Wanke); 3: Cinglis benigna nigromaculata comb. nov. (Iran, Kashan, g. prep. 0665/2020 D. Wanke); 4–5: Cinglis benigna amseli syn. nov. of Cinglis benigna benigna comb. nov. (4: Paratype, Afghanistan, Gulbahar, g. prep. WM. 131; 5a, b, c1: Paratype, Afghanistan, Gulbahar, g. prep. 2263/2020 H. Rajaei; 5c2: Afghanistan, Polichomri, g. prep. 2262/2020 H. Rajaei); 6: Cinglis eurata comb. nov. (Iran, Khorasan Razavi, g. prep. 1179/2021 D. Wanke); 7: Scopuloides origalis stat. rev. (Paratype, Iran, Laristan, Strasse Bender-Abbas-Saidabad, g. prep. 10878). a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus; c = 8th sternite. Scale-bar 1 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Plate 10</figureCitation>
, Fig. 1;
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF8AFFC9FE24FE59FDFADD67" box="[476,569,500,527]" captionStart="PLATE 21" captionStartId="67.[152,230,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,154,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-20@67.[151,1436,151,1833]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="PLATE 21: Figures 1–9. Female genitalia of Cinglis, Scopuloides and Scopula species. 1: Cinglis humifusaria (Iran, Zanjan,Ab-Dar, g. prep. 1193/2022 D. Wanke); 2: Cinglis benigna benigna comb. nov. (Iran, Strasse Shiraz-Kazerun, Imam Sade, g. prep. 1050/2021 D. Wanke); 3: Cinglis benigna nigromaculata comb. nov. (Iran, Semnan, Cheschme Ali, g. prep. 0985/2021 D. Wanke); 4: Cinglis benigna amseli syn. nov. of Cinglis benigna benigna comb. nov. (Paratype, Afghanistan, Gulbahar, g. prep. WM 131); 5: Cinglis eurata comb. nov. (Turkmenistan, Kopet-Dagh, g. prep. 895 Pasi Sihvonen); 6: Scopuloides origalis stat. rev. (Iran, Balutschestan, Nikschar, g. prep. 0565/2020 D. Wanke); 7: Scopula conscensa (Ceylon, NHMUK014173528, Slide NHMUK010317461); 8–9: Scopula relictata (8: Oman,Adam, NHMUK014173580, Slide NHMUK014314454; 9: [Kenya], Suna, S. Kavirondo, NHMUK014173536, Slide NHMUK014314489); Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147954/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Plate 21</figureCitation>
, Fig. 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF8AFFC9FF3FFDB4FB95DD12" blockId="9.[151,1436,356,959]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FF3FFDB4FE8ADD5B" bold="true" box="[199,329,537,563]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phenology.</emphasis>
A bivoltine species with a first generation from late April to mid-June and a second generation from mid-July to early August (Hausmann 2004). Available data and specimens from
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF8AFFC9FBAFFD90FB47DD3F" box="[1111,1156,573,599]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Iran</collectingCountry>
indicate that this species is active from April to June (
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FF8AFFC9FE2FFDCDFD4BDD13" author="Viidalepp, J." box="[471,648,608,635]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref45688" refString="Viidalepp, J. (1988) Geometridae fauna of the Central Asian mountains. Nauka Moscow, 240 pp." type="book" year="1988">Viidalepp 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FF8AFFC9FD6CFDCDFC64DD13" author="Lehmann, L. &amp; Zahiri, R." box="[660,935,608,635]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="135 - 165" refId="ref43377" refString="Lehmann, L. &amp; Zahiri, R. (2011) Results of a lepidopterological expedition to North and Northwest Iran in summer 2007 with new records for Iran (Lepidoptera). Esperiana, 16 135 - 165." type="book chapter" year="2011">Lehmann &amp; Zahiri 2011</bibRefCitation>
; current study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF8AFFC9FF3FFD29FB6ADD8E" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF8AFFC9FF3FFD29FBBFDDF7" blockId="9.[151,1436,356,959]" box="[199,1148,644,671]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FF3FFD29FEE4DDF6" bold="true" box="[199,295,644,670]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Biology.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="EDECD61BFF8AFFC9FED6FD28FBBBDDF7" box="[302,1144,644,671]" location="Host" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Khost">
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FF8AFFC9FED6FD28FEA0DDF7" box="[302,355,645,671]" country="Afghanistan" name="Khost" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Host</collectingRegion>
plants unknown, but possibly feeding
<collectedFrom id="EE989FBBFF8AFFC9FCECFD28FBBBDDF7" box="[788,1144,645,671]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
on
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF8AFFC9FCCFFD28FBBBDDF7" authority="(Hausmann 2004)" baseAuthorityName="Hausmann" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[823,1144,645,671]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Artemiidae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anostraca" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FCCFFD28FC67DDF7" box="[823,932,645,671]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Artemisia</emphasis>
(Hausmann 2004)
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF8AFFC9FF3FFD05FB6ADD8E" blockId="9.[151,1436,356,959]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FF3FFD05FEE9DDAA" bold="true" box="[199,298,680,706]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Habitat.</emphasis>
At altitudes from 0 m to
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FF8AFFC9FDBEFD04FD58DDAB" box="[582,667,681,707]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
(Hausmann 2004). The available data and investigated specimens in
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF8AFFC9FF6FFD60FF07DD8F" box="[151,196,717,743]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Iran</collectingCountry>
were collected at altitudes from
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FF8AFFC9FDCBFD60FD15DD8F" box="[563,726,716,743]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.915" metricValueMax="10.53" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="691.5" valueMax="1053.0" valueMin="330.0">330 to 1053 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FF8AFFC9FD1CFD61FC3ADD8F" author="Lehmann, L. &amp; Zahiri, R." box="[740,1017,716,743]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="135 - 165" refId="ref43377" refString="Lehmann, L. &amp; Zahiri, R. (2011) Results of a lepidopterological expedition to North and Northwest Iran in summer 2007 with new records for Iran (Lepidoptera). Esperiana, 16 135 - 165." type="book chapter" year="2011">Lehmann &amp; Zahiri 2011</bibRefCitation>
; current study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF8AFFC9FF3FFD5DFA57D8B2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF8AFFC9FF3FFD5DFD89DC1F" blockId="9.[151,1436,356,959]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FF3FFD5DFEA2DC62" bold="true" box="[199,353,752,778]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution.</emphasis>
Distributed in southern European
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF8AFFC9FD20FD5DFCE0DC62" box="[728,803,752,778]" name="Russia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Russia</collectingCountry>
and from
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF8AFFC9FC77FD5DFC1CDC62" box="[911,991,752,778]" name="Turkey" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Turkey</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF8AFFC9FBE9FD5CFBFDDC63" box="[1041,1086,753,779]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Iran</collectingCountry>
to the Central Asian mountains, as well as in the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FF8AFFC9FD18FCB9FC53DC46" author="Viidalepp, J." box="[736,912,788,814]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref45709" refString="Viidalepp, J. (1996) Checklist of the Geometridae (Lepidoptera) of the former U. S. S. R. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 111 pp." type="book" year="1996">Viidalepp 1996</bibRefCitation>
; Hausmann 2004). In north-western
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF8AFFC9FADFFCB8FA94DC47" box="[1319,1367,789,815]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it has been reported from the provinces Azerbaijan-e Sharghi,
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FF8AFFC9FCFDFC95FC2ADC3A" box="[773,1001,824,850]" country="Iran" name="Khorasan-e Shomali" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Khorasan-e Shomali</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FF8AFFC9FBE5FC95FBA8DC3A" box="[1053,1131,824,850]" country="Iran" name="Zanjan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Zanjan</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FF8AFFC9FB80FC95FAEBDC3B" author="Viidalepp, J." box="[1144,1320,824,851]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref45688" refString="Viidalepp, J. (1988) Geometridae fauna of the Central Asian mountains. Nauka Moscow, 240 pp." type="book" year="1988">Viidalepp 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FF8AFFC9FACAFC95FEFADC1F" author="Lehmann, L. &amp; Zahiri, R." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="135 - 165" refId="ref43377" refString="Lehmann, L. &amp; Zahiri, R. (2011) Results of a lepidopterological expedition to North and Northwest Iran in summer 2007 with new records for Iran (Lepidoptera). Esperiana, 16 135 - 165." type="book chapter" year="2011">Lehmann &amp; Zahiri 2011</bibRefCitation>
; current study) (Map 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF8AFFC9FF3FFC2DFB91DCD7" blockId="9.[151,1436,356,959]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FF3FFC2DFE4EDCF2" bold="true" box="[199,397,896,922]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">DNA-barcoding.</emphasis>
Nearest species:
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF8AFFC9FDA4FC2CFC72DCF3" authority="Wagner, 1935" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1935" box="[604,945,896,923]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Cinglis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andalusaria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FDA4FC2CFCC4DCF2" box="[604,775,896,923]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. andalusaria</emphasis>
Wagner, 1935
</taxonomicName>
with a genetic distance of 5.7 %.
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF8AFFC9FAB3FC2DFF32DCD6" authorityName="Wanke &amp; Hausmann &amp; Lee &amp; Murillo-Ramos &amp; Sihvonen &amp; Rajaei" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Cinglis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benigna" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FAB3FC2DFF32DCD6" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cinglis benigna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FF00FC08FEBADCD7" bold="true" box="[248,377,933,959]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="74C3BD2FFF8AFFC9FF00FC08FEBADCD7" box="[248,377,933,959]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
with a genetic distance of 10.8 % (see Supplementary Table S1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF8AFFC9FF60F832FA57D8B2" blockId="9.[151,1437,1951,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FF60F832FF2DD8DF" bold="true" box="[152,238,1951,1975]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MAP 1.</emphasis>
Distribution patterns of the
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF8AFFC9FDE2F832FD0CD8DE" box="[538,719,1951,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Cinglis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-C">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FDE2F832FDA0D8DF" box="[538,611,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cinglis</emphasis>
species
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FD46F832FD0CD8DE" box="[702,719,1951,1974]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FD26F832FC9BD8DF" box="[734,856,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">humifusaria</emphasis>
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FC99F832FC7CD8DF" bold="true" box="[865,959,1951,1975]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="74C3BD2FFF8AFFC9FC99F832FC7CD8DF" box="[865,959,1951,1975]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF8AFFC9FC37F832FB5FD8DF" authorityName="Wanke &amp; Hausmann &amp; Lee &amp; Murillo-Ramos &amp; Sihvonen &amp; Rajaei" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[975,1180,1951,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Cinglis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="benigna" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="benigna">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FC37F832FC23D8DE" box="[975,992,1951,1974]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FC17F832FB5FD8DF" box="[1007,1180,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">benigna benigna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FB5CF832FAD8D8DF" bold="true" box="[1188,1307,1951,1975]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="74C3BD2FFF8AFFC9FB5CF832FAD8D8DF" box="[1188,1307,1951,1975]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF8AFFC9FAD2F832FF1AD8B3" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Cinglis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="benigna" status="syn. nov." subSpecies="amseli">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FAD2F832FAF8D8DE" box="[1322,1339,1951,1974]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FAB3F832FF1AD8B3" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">benigna amseli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FF18F86EFEFED8B3" bold="true" box="[224,317,1987,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="74C3BD2FFF8AFFC9FF18F86EFEFED8B3" box="[224,317,1987,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
of
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF8AFFC9FEA7F86EFDE4D8B3" authorityName="Wanke &amp; Hausmann &amp; Lee &amp; Murillo-Ramos &amp; Sihvonen &amp; Rajaei" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[351,551,1987,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Cinglis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="benigna" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="benigna">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FEA7F86EFEB3D8B2" box="[351,368,1987,2010]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FE85F86EFDE4D8B3" box="[381,551,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">benigna benigna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FDD5F86EFD63D8B3" bold="true" box="[557,672,1987,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="74C3BD2FFF8AFFC9FDD5F86EFD63D8B3" box="[557,672,1987,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF8AFFC9FD55F86EFC74D8B3" baseAuthorityName="Hausmann" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[685,951,1987,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Cinglis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="benigna" subSpecies="nigromaculata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FD55F86EFD7DD8B2" box="[685,702,1987,2010]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FD33F86EFC74D8B3" box="[715,951,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">benigna nigromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FC45F86EFBF2D8B3" bold="true" box="[957,1073,1987,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">comb. nov.</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF8AFFC9FB9BF86EFB0AD8B3" authorityName="Wanke &amp; Hausmann &amp; Lee &amp; Murillo-Ramos &amp; Sihvonen &amp; Rajaei" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Wanke &amp; Hausmann &amp; Lee &amp; Murillo-Ramos &amp; Sihvonen &amp; Rajaei" baseAuthorityYear="2023" box="[1123,1225,1987,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Glossotrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurata" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FB9BF86EFBB7D8B2" box="[1123,1140,1987,2010]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FB7FF869FB0AD8B3" box="[1159,1225,1988,2011]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">eurata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8AFFC9FB37F86EFA80D8B3" bold="true" box="[1231,1347,1987,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="74C3BD2FFF8AFFC9FB37F86EFA80D8B3" box="[1231,1347,1987,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF8AFFC9FA9CF86EFA53D8B2" box="[1380,1424,1987,2010]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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