137 lines
14 KiB
XML
137 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document id="B0912D488CC6AF1AB18997AD3B0CED72" ID-CLB-Dataset="27950" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="832ac35c-8871-4041-9321-ea7f2ae5eb41" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610021" ID-ZooBank="A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553624231237" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe & Dorchin, Netta" docDate="2018" docId="AC1F87FEFFFDFF9FFF61FAD2FBC7B079" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4521.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4521 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Neuroterus quercusbaccarum Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="476" masterDocId="5026FF86FFE4FF86FFF6FFE8FFBAB733" masterDocTitle="The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history" masterLastPageNumber="498" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="476" updateTime="1698713837181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="1E33C6E92C195D627712C0EDC6F5C84A">The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C72E9CC5C9D268E3D251610C86FC2661">Shachar, Einat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A1A2E54BC6BB9B74C24390E3B6773742">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CBE307A37EBD4DEFDBF700368E4385F2">Inbar, Moshe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D091D48B3D728F947BE3A833CF432DF1">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F94374BAC9E4C03A5937FDEC0FB5A692">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A75AEF74E78422533331CA7A9E3006B6">
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<mods:date id="C24853E15791EF865BBACFB491D3E9D3">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3E323042573F2B8286228DDEBD919F49">2018-11-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7388F0B5306CF5BAB9FA74FF5E983838">4521</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="221270F6FB0439ADBE5A62C3FA321BA5" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="AC1F87FEFFFDFF9FFF61FAD2FBC7B079" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949967" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498919" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5949967" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC1F87FEFFFDFF9FFF61FAD2FBC7B079" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC1F87FEFFFDFF9FFF61FAD2FBC7B079" lastPageNumber="476" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFFDFF9FFF61FAD2FD7EB266" box="[151,708,1338,1365]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFFDFF9FFF61FAD2FD7EB266" blockId="25.[151,708,1338,1365]" box="[151,708,1338,1365]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
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<heading id="7F418184FFFDFF9FFF61FAD2FD7EB266" bold="true" box="[151,708,1338,1365]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFFDFF9FFF61FAD2FD7EB266" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,708,1338,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusbaccarum">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFFDFF9FFF61FAD2FD7EB266" bold="true" box="[151,708,1338,1365]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFFDFF9FFF61FAD2FDBAB267" bold="true" box="[151,512,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Neuroterus quercusbaccarum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFFDFF9FFDF1FAD3FD7EB266" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[519,708,1339,1365]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" refId="ref34441" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum characteribus, dijferentiis, synonymis, lacis. Tomus I. Editio Decima Reformata, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFFDFF9FFF61FA69FCC8B17E" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFFDFF9FFF61FA69FB90B2AA" blockId="25.[151,1436,1409,1866]" box="[151,1066,1409,1434]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFFDFF9FFF61FA69FEA1B2A9" bold="true" box="[151,283,1409,1434]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Host plant.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFFDFF9FFED4FA69FEDFB2A9" box="[290,357,1409,1434]" name="Israel" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Israel</collectingCountry>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFFDFF9FFE99FA6AFE4BB2AA" box="[367,497,1409,1433]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boissieri">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFFDFF9FFE99FA6AFE4BB2AA" box="[367,497,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Q. boissieri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Elsewhere: several species from section
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFFDFF9FFC33FA6AFB99B2AA" baseAuthorityName="Melika & Abrahamson" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[965,1059,1410,1433]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFFDFF9FFC33FA6AFB99B2AA" box="[965,1059,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Quercus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFFDFF9FFF31FA4DFCC8B17E" blockId="25.[151,1436,1409,1866]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFFDFF9FFF31FA4DFEE4B28D" bold="true" box="[199,350,1445,1470]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Life history.</emphasis>
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The sexual generation induces the largest catkin galls on oaks in
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFFDFF9FFB77FA4DFB79B28D" box="[1153,1219,1445,1470]" name="Israel" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Israel</collectingCountry>
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. These are fleshy, spherical galls, up to
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFFDFF9FFE7EFA22FE70B2D2" box="[392,458,1482,1506]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, smooth, shiny, light green with purple ‘veins’ and single-chambered (
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFFDFF9FFA99FA21FF0DB135" captionStart="FIGURES 23–28" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1684,1707]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[150,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 23–28. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 23. Andricus foecundatrix, asexual generation, young galls; 24. Andricus foecundatrix, asexual generation, mature galls showing spherical inner chamber about to be ejected; 25. Andricus tomentosus asexual generation; 26. Andricus sp. 3, sexual generation; 27. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum, sexual generation (arrow); 28. Andricus sp. 2, sexual generation (arrows point to emergence holes)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610031/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
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). The asexual generation induces dome-shaped leaf galls, up to
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFFDFF9FFC45FA05FC43B136" box="[947,1017,1517,1542]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, with a pointed central projection, single-chambered, usually in clusters (
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFFDFF9FFD3FF9F9FCE7B119" box="[713,861,1553,1578]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–40" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 35–40. Galls on Quercus boissieri and Q. ithaburensis. 35. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum, asexual generation on Quercus boissieri; 36. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum (A) and Neuroterus numismalis (B), asexual generations on Q. boissieri; 37. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis; 38. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis, gall dissected to show inner chamber; 39. Aphelonyx persica gall ivaded by the inquiline Synergus variabilis on Quercus ithaburensis; 40. Same, old gall with emergence holes of inquilines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610035/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Fig. 35, 36A</figureCitation>
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). When young, the galls are pale green, sometimes covered by very short, reddish hairs, turning pink as they mature.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFFDFF9FFF31F9B1FECAB189" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" type="description">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFFDFF9FFF31F9B1FECAB189" blockId="25.[151,1436,1409,1866]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFFDFF9FFF31F9B1FEF3B141" bold="true" box="[199,329,1625,1650]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Phenology.</emphasis>
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Galls of the asexual generation appear in August, drop from the leaves in November-December and adults emerge from them in March. Galls of the sexual generation appear in March and adults emerge from them in April-May.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFFDFF9FFF31F92DFB1EB032" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFFDFF9FFF31F92DFB1EB032" blockId="25.[151,1436,1409,1866]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFFDFF9FFF31F92DFEDAB1ED" bold="true" box="[199,352,1733,1758]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFFDFF9FFE9FF92DFE11B1ED" box="[361,427,1733,1758]" name="Israel" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Israel</collectingCountry>
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: Known from galls of both generations throughout the distribution range of
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFFDFF9FFAE7F92EFA2EB1EE" box="[1297,1428,1733,1757]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boissieri">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFFDFF9FFAE7F92EFA2EB1EE" box="[1297,1428,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Q. boissieri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Elsewhere: Common and widespread from Northwestern Africa to
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFFDFF9FFC71F902FC58B031" box="[903,994,1770,1794]" name="Norway" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Norway</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFFDFF9FFC18F901FB83B031" box="[1006,1081,1769,1794]" name="Russia" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Russia</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFFDFF9FFB99F902FB1AB032" box="[1135,1184,1770,1793]" name="Iran" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Iran</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFFDFF9FFF31F8E5FBC7B079" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFFDFF9FFF31F8E5FBC7B079" blockId="25.[151,1436,1409,1866]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFFDFF9FFF31F8E5FEF5B015" bold="true" box="[199,335,1805,1830]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Comments.</emphasis>
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Galls of the asexual generation are similar to those of
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFFDFF9FFC58F8E6FB6FB015" authority="Hartig" authorityName="Hartig" box="[942,1237,1805,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFFDFF9FFC58F8E6FB3DB016" box="[942,1159,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Neuroterus tricolor</emphasis>
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Hartig
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</taxonomicName>
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in Europe but the latter are spherical rather than dome-shaped and do not have a central pointed projection.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |