treatments-xml/data/AC/1F/87/AC1F87FEFFFCFF9EFF61FEA4FABFB5B1.xml
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<mods:title id="5F2913476470E0010DB7AAC4237F1FEE">The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history</mods:title>
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<treatment id="AC1F87FEFFFCFF9EFF61FEA4FABFB5B1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949955" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498942" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5949955" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC1F87FEFFFCFF9EFF61FEA4FABFB5B1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC1F87FEFFFCFF9EFF61FEA4FABFB5B1" lastPageNumber="475" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">
<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFFCFF9EFF61FEA4FC2FB655" box="[151,917,332,358]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFFCFF9EFF61FEA4FC2FB655" blockId="24.[151,917,332,358]" box="[151,917,332,358]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">
<heading id="7F418184FFFCFF9EFF61FEA4FC2FB655" bold="true" box="[151,917,332,358]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFFCFF9EFF61FEA4FC2FB655" authority="Melika, Tavakoli, Stone &amp; Azizkhani, 2006" authorityName="Melika, Tavakoli, Stone &amp; Azizkhani" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,917,332,358]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mikoi">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFFCFF9EFF61FEA4FC2FB655" bold="true" box="[151,917,332,358]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFFCFF9EFF61FEA4FEC2B655" bold="true" box="[151,376,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Dryocosmus mikoi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFFCFF9EFE89FEA4FC2FB655" author="Azizkhani, E. &amp; Rasoulian, G. R. &amp; Kharazi-Pardel, A. &amp; Tavakoli, M. &amp; Sadeghi, S. E. &amp; Melika, G. &amp; Stone, G. N. &amp; Atkinson, R." box="[383,917,332,358]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" pagination="161 - 197" refId="ref32705" refString="Azizkhani, E., Rasoulian, G. R., Kharazi-Pardel, A., Tavakoli, M., Sadeghi, S. E., Melika, G., Stone, G. N. &amp; Atkinson, R. (2006) New species of oak gall wasps from Zagross Mountains of Iran (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 67, 161 - 197." type="journal article" year="2006">Melika, Tavakoli, Stone &amp; Azizkhani, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFFCFF9EFF61FE7AFA93B524" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFFCFF9EFF61FE7AFB32B698" blockId="24.[151,1436,402,643]" box="[151,1160,402,427]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFFCFF9EFF61FE7AFE9CB698" bold="true" box="[151,294,402,427]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Host plants.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFFCFF9EFEDBFE7AFECAB698" box="[301,368,402,427]" name="Israel" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Israel</collectingCountry>
:
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFFCFF9EFE8CFE7BFD97B698" box="[378,557,403,427]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFFCFF9EFE8CFE7BFD93B698" baseAuthorityName="Sternlicht" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[378,553,403,427]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ithaburensis">Q. ithaburensis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Elsewhere:
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFFCFF9EFD41FE7BFC2DB698" box="[695,919,403,427]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFFCFF9EFD41FE7BFCA7B698" box="[695,797,403,427]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="libani">Q. libani</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFFCFF9EFCDEFE7BFC2DB698" authorityName="Lindl" authorityYear="1840" box="[808,919,403,427]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brantii">Q. brantii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFFCFF9EFC3BFE7BFB32B698" box="[973,1160,403,427]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFFCFF9EFC3BFE7BFB39B698" box="[973,1155,403,427]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="castaneifolia">Q. castaneifolia</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFFCFF9EFF31FE5EFA93B524" blockId="24.[151,1436,402,643]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFFCFF9EFF31FE5EFEE3B6FC" bold="true" box="[199,345,438,463]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Life history.</emphasis>
Known only from the leaf galls of the sexual generation, which constitute spherical swellings at the base of leaves, up to
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFFCFF9EFE4FFE33FDB1B6C1" box="[441,523,475,499]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
in diameter, with an apical crest up to
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFFCFF9EFC13FE33FB92B6C1" box="[997,1064,475,499]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFFCFF9EFB83FE32FB73B6C0" box="[1141,1225,474,499]" captionStart="FIGURES 5964" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[154,1437,196,1695]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[150,1437,193,1704]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 5964. Galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 59. Chilaspis israeli, asexual generation; 6061. Cerroneuroterus lanuginosus, asexual generation; 62. Cerroneuroterus gyulaigaraiae, asexual generation; 63. Andricus sp. nr. istvani, sexual generation; 64. Dryocosmus mikoi, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610045/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
). They are singlechambered, fleshy and bright green when young, turning hard as they mature, and dark brown when old.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFFCFF9EFF31FDCAFEB5B56C" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" type="description">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFFCFF9EFF31FDCAFEB5B56C" blockId="24.[151,1436,402,643]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFFCFF9EFF31FDCAFEF3B508" bold="true" box="[199,329,546,571]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Phenology.</emphasis>
Galls begin to develop in March (June in higher elevations - e.g., En Zivan) and adults emerge in May-June.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFFCFF9EFF31FD82FABFB5B1" box="[199,1285,618,643]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFFCFF9EFF31FD82FABFB5B1" blockId="24.[151,1436,402,643]" box="[199,1285,618,643]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFFCFF9EFF31FD82FEDAB5B0" bold="true" box="[199,352,618,643]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFFCFF9EFE91FD82FE10B5B0" box="[359,426,618,643]" name="Israel" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Israel</collectingCountry>
: Rare in En Zivan, Mezar, Yehudiyya, Dan and Hagoshrim. Elsewhere:
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFFCFF9EFB26FD83FABBB5B1" box="[1232,1281,619,642]" name="Iran" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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