146 lines
16 KiB
XML
146 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="6ADE33FF27891295A54606A7A5617BBC" ID-CLB-Dataset="27950" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="832ac35c-8871-4041-9321-ea7f2ae5eb41" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610021" ID-ZooBank="A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553624231237" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe & Dorchin, Netta" docDate="2018" docId="AC1F87FEFFF9FF9BFF61FBD5FDDDB2D3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4521.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4521 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Synergus variabilis Mayr 1872" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="480" masterDocId="5026FF86FFE4FF86FFF6FFE8FFBAB733" masterDocTitle="The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history" masterLastPageNumber="498" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="480" updateTime="1698713837181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="69E4348B0AD23DF0CB4964783D247E4C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="550861CF8A71E750593C58D0237ECECA">
|
||
<mods:title id="70A51EB2819E97C24FC58DC32B9388FA">The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="B289D1F798D19C86B74221957A2C3905" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="9BFD120F8EF54451EE3730BA16E28B26">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="0F3714A269AC4CFA9F0DF7D4DD7B97A4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="47B665FEDB268769511272074B88FE34">Shachar, Einat</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="E02E8EC1C142C4174028DE0B4FA8940A" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="BBECF86C9EEF6E828586A2D0D0FCC039">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="BCD213BE5613DA43A376A2B51EB6C226">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="6A6D7DE9356528C335022A83D8D10626">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="11B8A422A2F9DABED9E94FCB2C515C9D" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="70812F12497D94FC7660C0496EA7602A">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="B2955216B3565C058569BA693D0A97B3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="6227F46EAC228EAB8BCC251D45EEE965">Inbar, Moshe</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="F00E8CC6965533B5B0F88393CBE4C3F9" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="A3CC71A21FE4C304225CCF84C283FBD2">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="168C53B266446EF82CFE1B241F3AB9BF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D772910FA73216FDE85B39EE99190180">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="7AFB12DA10F77870E4D695DC9BF4464F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="224770D42232E75B8F4AC4B6A4793C0C" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="7A7E28D14E4CD4A8E2806795941093E0">
|
||
<mods:title id="4FBAD2324928ABCB8E955CC7CC9D9B57">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="121C57B671B71E0CF599529C0D86C55C">
|
||
<mods:date id="16FB6C575071C5F13BFA57E91C91FC8E">2018</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="F358A20C03EE296232751D2C3E743EDD" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="07F4C389C315858E0EA637AD64356A68">2018-11-16</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="3AC7547A519F7BC4BE7ADE0CBBAC53F9" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="E4B065B860E7AA972208440102CD37B4">4521</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="2D933D735C3E7B279EA9F158968854C6" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="6C43AD710D41EE5C4D4E2E62B7640D22">4</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="A2F553B4D9E8025E7D5CE664E71F32AD" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="DC136C3B1B4C5CB064A52EBB94054356">451</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="FEA24CB6315841A39C39F7CB7FC135FF">498</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="ACA71D5184E3861479224AE070CB223B">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E12DE3FB9EF114A56757DE9FC6D57D42" type="CLB-Dataset">27950</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="4EDF81C6D905D3E52C63B9B27BBFDE9A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F35BD442EFDB37195E9B11BDF3FF3F57" type="GBIF-Dataset">832ac35c-8871-4041-9321-ea7f2ae5eb41</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="EEA5C704EEDE87926CE192E1C28C6EFC" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="716EC39B803800D14A42C2422DA10952" type="Zenodo-Dep">2610021</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="800E98BCAA5F2DD42FFC3C5DD30990C4" type="ZooBank">A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="AC1F87FEFFF9FF9BFF61FBD5FDDDB2D3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949998" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498925" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5949998" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC1F87FEFFF9FF9BFF61FBD5FDDDB2D3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC1F87FEFFF9FF9BFF61FBD5FDDDB2D3" lastPageNumber="480" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
|
||
<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF9FF9BFF61FBD5FDA9B364" box="[151,531,1085,1111]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFF9FF9BFF61FBD5FDA9B364" blockId="29.[151,531,1085,1111]" box="[151,531,1085,1111]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
|
||
<heading id="7F418184FFF9FF9BFF61FBD5FDA9B364" bold="true" box="[151,531,1085,1111]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF9FF9BFF61FBD5FDA9B364" authority="Mayr, 1872" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,531,1085,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF9FF9BFF61FBD5FDA9B364" bold="true" box="[151,531,1085,1111]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF9FF9BFF61FBD5FEC4B364" bold="true" box="[151,382,1085,1111]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Synergus variabilis</emphasis>
|
||
Mayr, 1872
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF9FF9BFF61FB6CFE89B2AB" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFF9FF9BFF61FB6CFCA3B3AF" blockId="29.[151,1437,1156,1504]" box="[151,793,1156,1181]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF9FF9BFF61FB6CFEA7B3AE" bold="true" box="[151,285,1156,1181]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Host plant:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF9FF9BFED2FB6CFEDCB3AE" box="[292,358,1156,1181]" name="Israel" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF9FF9BFE87FB6CFDA7B3AF" baseAuthorityName="Sternlicht" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[369,541,1156,1180]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ithaburensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF9FF9BFE87FB6CFDA7B3AF" box="[369,541,1156,1180]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Q. ithaburensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Elsewhere:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF9FF9BFD58FB6CFCABB3AF" box="[686,785,1156,1180]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF9FF9BFD58FB6CFCABB3AF" box="[686,785,1156,1180]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Q. cerris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFF9FF9BFF31FB4FFD58B3D6" blockId="29.[151,1437,1156,1504]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF9FF9BFF31FB4FFE3CB3F3" bold="true" box="[199,390,1191,1216]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Host gall wasp:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF9FF9BFE67FB4FFE6EB3F3" box="[401,468,1191,1216]" name="Israel" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF9FF9BFE14FB40FD0CB38C" authorityName="Melika, Stone, Sadeghi & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2004" box="[482,694,1192,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persica">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF9FF9BFE14FB40FD0CB38C" box="[482,694,1192,1216]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Aphelonyx persica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Elsewhere: several species in the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF9FF9BFB5EFB40FAB7B3F3" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[1192,1293,1192,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF9FF9BFB5EFB40FAB7B3F3" box="[1192,1293,1192,1216]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Andricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF9FF9BFAE9FB40FA2FB3F3" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[1311,1429,1192,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF9FF9BFAE9FB40FA2FB3F3" box="[1311,1429,1192,1216]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Aphelonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF9FF9BFF61FB25FE99B3D7" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,291,1229,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF9FF9BFF61FB25FE99B3D7" box="[151,291,1229,1252]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Dryocosmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF9FF9BFEAFFB24FD64B3D6" authority="(Melika 2006 b)" baseAuthorityName="Melika" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[345,734,1228,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Pseudoneuroterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF9FF9BFEAFFB24FD9EB3D7" box="[345,548,1228,1252]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Pseudoneuroterus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFF9FF9BFDC4FB24FD6CB3D6" author="Melika, G." box="[562,726,1228,1253]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" pagination="305 - 644" refId="ref34662" refString="Melika, G. (2006 b) Gall wasps of Ukraine: Cynipidae. Vol. 2. Festnik Zoologii, 21 (Supplement), 305 - 644." type="journal article" year="2006">Melika 2006b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFF9FF9BFF31FB07FE89B2AB" blockId="29.[151,1437,1156,1504]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF9FF9BFF31FB07FDB1B23B" bold="true" box="[199,523,1263,1288]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">(Invaded) gall and biology:</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from the sexual generation, which develops in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF9FF9BFB42FB07FB48B23B" box="[1204,1266,1263,1288]" name="Israel" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
in bud galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF9FF9BFF61FAFCFEDDB21F" authorityName="Melika, Stone, Sadeghi & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,359,1300,1324]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persica">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF9FF9BFF61FAFCFEDDB21F" box="[151,359,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Aphelonyx persica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFF9FF9BFE80FAFCFE72B21F" box="[374,456,1300,1325]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–40" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 35–40. Galls on Quercus boissieri and Q. ithaburensis. 35. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum, asexual generation on Quercus boissieri; 36. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum (A) and Neuroterus numismalis (B), asexual generations on Q. boissieri; 37. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis; 38. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis, gall dissected to show inner chamber; 39. Aphelonyx persica gall ivaded by the inquiline Synergus variabilis on Quercus ithaburensis; 40. Same, old gall with emergence holes of inquilines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610035/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
) and causes substantial enlargement of the gall up to
|
||
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFF9FF9BFBD5FAFCFBC9B21F" box="[1059,1139,1300,1324]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Invaded galls are light green and fleshy when young (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFF9FF9BFD9AFADFFD79B263" box="[620,707,1335,1360]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–40" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 35–40. Galls on Quercus boissieri and Q. ithaburensis. 35. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum, asexual generation on Quercus boissieri; 36. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum (A) and Neuroterus numismalis (B), asexual generations on Q. boissieri; 37. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis; 38. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis, gall dissected to show inner chamber; 39. Aphelonyx persica gall ivaded by the inquiline Synergus variabilis on Quercus ithaburensis; 40. Same, old gall with emergence holes of inquilines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610035/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
), turning pale brown and woody when mature (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFF9FF9BFB02FADFFAF6B263" box="[1268,1356,1335,1360]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–40" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 35–40. Galls on Quercus boissieri and Q. ithaburensis. 35. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum, asexual generation on Quercus boissieri; 36. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum (A) and Neuroterus numismalis (B), asexual generations on Q. boissieri; 37. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis; 38. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis, gall dissected to show inner chamber; 39. Aphelonyx persica gall ivaded by the inquiline Synergus variabilis on Quercus ithaburensis; 40. Same, old gall with emergence holes of inquilines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610035/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
|
||
). They appear in August and adults emerge in January-February. No adults of the original gall inducer emerged from invaded galls.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF9FF9BFF31FA4CFDDDB2D3" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="240936E8FFF9FF9BFF31FA4CFDDDB2D3" blockId="29.[151,1437,1156,1504]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF9FF9BFF31FA4CFED8B28E" bold="true" box="[199,354,1444,1469]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF9FF9BFE84FA4CFE0EB28E" box="[370,436,1444,1469]" name="Israel" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Nahal Rakefet, Bet Keshet Forest, Hosha’aya, Alonim, Tiv’on, HaSharon Forest. Elsewhere: From
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF9FF9BFEA8FA20FE4BB2D3" box="[350,497,1479,1504]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF9FF9BFDE3FA2FFDDEB2D3" box="[533,612,1479,1504]" name="Russia" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |