159 lines
17 KiB
XML
159 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="53F80EBDDA548CE9F79E85863C8F9B77" ID-CLB-Dataset="27950" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="832ac35c-8871-4041-9321-ea7f2ae5eb41" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610021" ID-ZooBank="A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553624231237" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe & Dorchin, Netta" docDate="2018" docId="AC1F87FEFFF6FF94FF61FDCCFD37B3F1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4521.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4521 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Andricus Hartig 1840" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="469" masterDocId="5026FF86FFE4FF86FFF6FFE8FFBAB733" masterDocTitle="The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history" masterLastPageNumber="498" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="469" updateTime="1698713837181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="49D323750666F6BE02BC42CAB1971D24">The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="68B82BE3A09F8A9E6B4129192DE4A58C">Shachar, Einat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E378744B6FFA1B93611C71DD291C1DDE">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A10506DF3E1B9B32AD7B23D36F02CD87">Inbar, Moshe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4DB87CF92F93E86024F5297D27C17961">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="F5422B973084E20EEC809FABD8DE308D">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FD562DD63C4C7D27E8F37641D904CEAB">2018-11-16</mods:number>
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<treatment id="AC1F87FEFFF6FF94FF61FDCCFD37B3F1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949908" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498936" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5949908" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC1F87FEFFF6FF94FF61FDCCFD37B3F1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC1F87FEFFF6FF94FF61FDCCFD37B3F1" lastPageNumber="469" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF6FF94FF61FDCCFD56B50D" box="[151,748,548,574]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF6FF94FF61FDCCFD56B50D" blockId="18.[151,748,548,574]" box="[151,748,548,574]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
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<heading id="7F418184FFF6FF94FF61FDCCFD56B50D" bold="true" box="[151,748,548,574]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FF61FDCCFD56B50D" bold="true" box="[151,748,548,574]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF6FF94FF61FDCCFEBCB50D" ID-CoL="VTL" ID-ENA="75141" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,262,548,574]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FF61FDCCFEBCB50D" bold="true" box="[151,262,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Andricus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nr.
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF6FF94FE96FDCCFD56B50D" authority="(Fabricius, 1798)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[352,748,548,574]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusradicis">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FE96FDCCFDA8B50D" bold="true" box="[352,530,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">quercusradicis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFF6FF94FDD7FDCCFD5EB50D" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[545,740,548,574]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" refId="ref33525" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1798) Supplementum Entomologiae Systematicae. Profit & Storch, Copenhagen, 572 pp." type="book" year="1798">Fabricius, 1798</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF6FF94FF61FD82FBFFB404" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF6FF94FF61FD82FD45B594" blockId="18.[151,1436,618,1219]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FF61FD82FE93B5B0" bold="true" box="[151,297,618,643]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Host plants.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF6FF94FEC5FD82FECFB5B0" box="[307,373,618,643]" name="Israel" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Israel</collectingCountry>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF6FF94FE75FD83FD88B5B0" baseAuthorityName="Sternlicht" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[387,562,619,643]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ithaburensis">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FE75FD83FD88B5B0" box="[387,562,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Q. ithaburensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; Elsewhere: Mainly oaks from section
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FC0AFD83FBF9B5B1" box="[1020,1091,619,642]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Cerris</emphasis>
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(sexual generation) and from both
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FF39FD67FEACB595" box="[207,278,655,678]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Cerris</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF6FF94FEBBFD67FE11B595" box="[333,427,655,678]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FEBBFD67FE11B595" box="[333,427,655,678]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Quercus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sections (asexual generation).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF6FF94FF31FD5AFBFFB404" blockId="18.[151,1436,618,1219]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FF31FD5AFEE7B5F8" bold="true" box="[199,349,690,715]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Life history.</emphasis>
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Both the sexual and asexual generations are known. The sexual generation induces singlechambered, usually aggregated leaf galls on
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF6FF94FD78FD3FFC80B5DD" baseAuthorityName="Sternlicht" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[654,826,726,750]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ithaburensis">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FD78FD3FFC80B5DD" box="[654,826,726,750]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Q. ithaburensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which are cryptic swellings of the main leaf vein, up to
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFF6FF94FF42FD13FF4EB421" box="[180,244,763,787]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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in width (
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFF6FF94FE90FD12FE00B420" box="[358,442,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURES 65–70" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1705,1728]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1684]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[150,1436,193,1684]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 65–70. Galls on various Quercus species. 65. Andricus sp. nr. quercusradicis, sexual generation on leaf of Quercus ithaburensis; 66. Neuroterus anthracinus, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis; 67. Andricus multiplicatus, sexual generation on Quercus libani; 68. Andricus melikai, sexual generation on Quercus libani; 69. Andricus sp. nr. amenti, sexual generation on Quercus libani; 70. Cerroneuroterus sp. nr. lanuginosus, asexual generation on Quercus libani." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610047/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Fig. 65</figureCitation>
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). The asexual generation develops in woody, thick-walled multi-chambered root galls on
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF6FF94FF61FCF7FEF8B405" baseAuthorityName="Sternlicht" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[151,322,798,822]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ithaburensis">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FF61FCF7FEF8B405" box="[151,322,798,822]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Q. ithaburensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that are
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFF6FF94FE55FCF7FDBEB405" box="[419,516,799,823]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">3–10 cm</quantity>
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in diameter when mature (
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFF6FF94FCC7FCF6FB8DB404" author="Sternlicht, M." box="[817,1079,798,823]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" pagination="17 - 57" refId="ref36265" refString="Sternlicht, M. (1968 b) The oak galls of Israel (Quercus calliprinos Webb, and Quercus ithaburensis Decne.). Israel Journal of Entomology, 3, 17 - 57." type="journal article" year="1968">
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Sternlicht 1968b,
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFF6FF94FC0CFCF6FB8DB404" box="[1018,1079,798,823]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1890,1913]" captionTargetBox="[219,1365,230,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[219,1369,195,1857]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Cynipid collection sites on oaks in Israel. 1. Q. libani and Q. cerris. 2. Q. boissieri. 3. Q. ithaburensis. 4. Q. calliprinos. Numbers correspond to the following collection sites: 1. Mt. Hermon, 1780m; 2. Mt. Hermon, 1500m; 3. Mt. Kahal; 4. Odem Forest; 5. En Zivan; 6. Allone HaBashan; 7. Tel Hazeqa; 8. Yehudiyya; 9. Mezar; 10. Mt. Meron; 11. Pa'ar cave; 12. Mt. Addir; 13. Nahal Rakefet; 14. Alonim; 15. Hosha'aya; 16. Bet Keshet Forest; 17. Rehan Forest; 18. HaSharon Forest; 19. Zur Hadassa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610023/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Fig.1</figureCitation>
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF6FF94FF31FCAAFF5EB4D8" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" type="description">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF6FF94FF31FCAAFF5EB4D8" blockId="18.[151,1436,618,1219]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FF31FCAAFEF3B468" bold="true" box="[199,329,834,859]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Phenology.</emphasis>
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This species has a two-year lifecycle. Galls of the sexual generation develop in spring and adults emerge from them in September-October (
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFF6FF94FD89FC8EFCFBB44C" author="Sternlicht, M." box="[639,833,870,895]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" pagination="17 - 57" refId="ref36265" refString="Sternlicht, M. (1968 b) The oak galls of Israel (Quercus calliprinos Webb, and Quercus ithaburensis Decne.). Israel Journal of Entomology, 3, 17 - 57." type="journal article" year="1968">Sternlicht 1968b</bibRefCitation>
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). In Europe adults emerge in August-September and some may emerge the following year (
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFF6FF94FDAAFC62FCB8B490" author="Melika, G." box="[604,770,906,931]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" pagination="305 - 644" refId="ref34662" refString="Melika, G. (2006 b) Gall wasps of Ukraine: Cynipidae. Vol. 2. Festnik Zoologii, 21 (Supplement), 305 - 644." type="journal article" year="2006">Melika 2006b</bibRefCitation>
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). The root galls of the asexual generation develop in the second year of the lifecycle. They mature in September and adults overwinter in them and emerge the following spring.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF6FF94FF31FC1EFDE7B300" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF6FF94FF31FC1EFDE7B300" blockId="18.[151,1436,618,1219]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FF31FC1EFEDAB33C" bold="true" box="[199,352,1014,1039]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF6FF94FE9AFC1EFE15B33C" box="[364,431,1014,1039]" name="Israel" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Israel</collectingCountry>
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: En Zivan, Mezar, Tiv’on, Hadera. Elsewhere: widespread in Europe and Northwest Africa to Transcaucasia and
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF6FF94FE20FBF2FDE2B300" box="[470,600,1050,1075]" name="Turkey" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Asia Minor</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF6FF94FF31FBD6FD37B3F1" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF6FF94FF31FBD6FD37B3F1" blockId="18.[151,1436,618,1219]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FF31FBD6FEF5B364" bold="true" box="[199,335,1086,1111]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Comments.</emphasis>
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The identity of this species could not be established with confidence because no adults were reared from the galls. Based on the morphology of the galls and the available data on its life history, we assume that it is related to
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF6FF94FECEFB6FFE47B3AD" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[312,509,1158,1182]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusradicis">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FECEFB6FFE47B3AD" box="[312,509,1158,1182]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">A. quercusradicis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, although that species is known from oaks in section
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF6FF94FBAEFB6FFB0CB3AD" box="[1112,1206,1159,1182]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FBAEFB6FFB0CB3AD" box="[1112,1206,1159,1182]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Quercus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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whereas the galls in
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF6FF94FF61FB42FF6FB3F0" box="[151,213,1194,1219]" name="Israel" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Israel</collectingCountry>
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are found on oaks from section
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FDC8FB43FD3CB3F1" box="[574,646,1195,1218]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Cerris</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |