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<document id="75FBAB8AEF52F59B747CFC4E6DA40E61" ID-CLB-Dataset="27950" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="832ac35c-8871-4041-9321-ea7f2ae5eb41" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610021" ID-ZooBank="A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553624231237" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe &amp; Dorchin, Netta" docDate="2018" docId="AC1F87FEFFF6FF94FF61FAFEFEDEB0A2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4521.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4521 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Andricus Hartig 1840" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="469" masterDocId="5026FF86FFE4FF86FFF6FFE8FFBAB733" masterDocTitle="The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history" masterLastPageNumber="498" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="469" updateTime="1698713837181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="549AA471D4C504F30A3C69A1100B9100">The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8B9D2BBA86D4048D5739ED42A7EBC3A6">Shachar, Einat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7F022D0A3CF9B7E546FA68D653927516">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="509B7151D9F4FBAC3EF294B1EA9AD6B9">Inbar, Moshe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0C79C3E7474454B6678A1516570AC8AE">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF6FF94FF61FAFEFEFCB203" box="[151,326,1302,1328]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFF6FF94FF61FAFEFEFCB203" blockId="18.[151,326,1302,1328]" box="[151,326,1302,1328]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
<heading id="7F418184FFF6FF94FF61FAFEFEFCB203" bold="true" box="[151,326,1302,1328]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" reason="1">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FF61FAFEFEFCB203" bold="true" box="[151,326,1302,1328]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF6FF94FF61FAFEFEBCB203" ID-CoL="VTL" ID-ENA="75141" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,262,1302,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FF61FAFEFEBCB203" bold="true" box="[151,262,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Andricus</emphasis>
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sp. 1
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF6FF94FF61FAB5FC25B2D1" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFF6FF94FF61FAB5FDA2B246" blockId="18.[151,1436,1373,1938]" box="[151,536,1373,1398]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FF61FAB5FE3DB245" bold="true" box="[151,391,1373,1398]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
Host plant in
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF6FF94FECFFAB5FE38B245" box="[313,386,1373,1398]" name="Israel" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Israel</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FE78FAB6FDA2B246" box="[398,536,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF6FF94FE78FAB6FDAEB246" box="[398,532,1373,1397]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boissieri">Q. boissieri</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFF6FF94FF31FA69FC25B2D1" blockId="18.[151,1436,1373,1938]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FF31FA69FEE1B2A9" bold="true" box="[199,347,1409,1434]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Life history.</emphasis>
Known only from the bud galls of the asexual generation, which are spherical,
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in diameter, with tiny protuberances on distal half, carried on a distinct stalk and are light brown (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFF6FF94FB30FA4DFAA3B28D" box="[1222,1305,1445,1470]" captionStart="FIGURES 1722" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1664,1687]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[152,1435,193,1644]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 1722. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 17. Andricus coriariformis, asexual generation; 18. Andricus moreae, asexual generation; 19. Andricus sp. 1, asexual generation; 20. Andricus sternlichti, asexual generation; 21. Andricus megatruncicolus, asexual generation; 22. Biorhiza pallida, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610029/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
). The walls of the gall are thick and encircle a single, thin-walled larval chamber.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF6FF94FF31FA05FE6CB119" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" type="description">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFF6FF94FF31FA05FE6CB119" blockId="18.[151,1436,1373,1938]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FF31FA05FEF3B135" bold="true" box="[199,329,1517,1542]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Phenology.</emphasis>
Galls attained their final size and shape in August, when they contained big larvae, and a single adult emerged in November.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF6FF94FF31F9DDFB86B17D" box="[199,1084,1589,1614]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFF6FF94FF31F9DDFB86B17D" blockId="18.[151,1436,1373,1938]" box="[199,1084,1589,1614]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FF31F9DDFEDAB17D" bold="true" box="[199,352,1589,1614]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF6FF94FE91F9DDFE10B17D" box="[359,426,1589,1614]" name="Israel" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Israel</collectingCountry>
: rare, found only on Mt. Hermon at
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1500 and
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</date>
m.a.s.l.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF6FF94FF31F9B1FEDEB0A2" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFF6FF94FF31F9B1FB5AB031" blockId="18.[151,1436,1373,1938]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FF31F9B1FEF5B141" bold="true" box="[199,335,1625,1650]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Comments.</emphasis>
The galls of this species are somewhat similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF6FF94FC0DF9B2FB37B142" box="[1019,1165,1625,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sternlichti">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FC0DF9B2FB37B142" box="[1019,1165,1625,1649]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">A. sternlichti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFF6FF94FB69F9B1FB49B141" box="[1183,1267,1625,1650]" captionStart="FIGURES 1722" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1664,1687]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[152,1435,193,1644]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 1722. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 17. Andricus coriariformis, asexual generation; 18. Andricus moreae, asexual generation; 19. Andricus sp. 1, asexual generation; 20. Andricus sternlichti, asexual generation; 21. Andricus megatruncicolus, asexual generation; 22. Biorhiza pallida, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610029/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
) but are much smaller, carried on a longer stalk, and their protuberances are limited to the apical half of the gall whereas those on galls of
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF6FF94FF04F94AFE3EB18A" box="[242,388,1697,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sternlichti">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FF04F94AFE3EB18A" box="[242,388,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">A. sternlichti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are found all over the gall. They are also somewhat similar to galls of
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF6FF94FB50F94AFE75B1ED" authority="Melika, Stone &amp; Azizkhani" authorityName="Melika, Stone &amp; Azizkhani" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tavakolii">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FB50F94AFA26B18A" box="[1190,1436,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Dryocosmus tavakolii</emphasis>
Melika, Stone &amp; Azizkhani
</taxonomicName>
, but adult morphology and preliminary molecular data (Shachar, unpublished) suggest that they represent a distinct species, the formal description of which will be published elsewhere.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFF6FF94FF31F8E5FEDEB0A2" blockId="18.[151,1436,1373,1938]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
The following two species are considered to be undescribed because of their unique gall morphologies, which do not resemble those of any known species. Although no adults were reared from the galls, they are tentatively ascribed here to
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF6FF94FEA7F8BDFE0CB05E" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[337,438,1877,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FEA7F8BDFE0CB05E" box="[337,438,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Andricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the general resemblance of some gall attributes to those of
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF6FF94FB37F8BDFA9CB05E" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[1217,1318,1877,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF6FF94FB37F8BDFA9CB05E" box="[1217,1318,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Andricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF6FF94FF61F891FF6FB0A1" box="[151,213,1913,1938]" name="Israel" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Israel</collectingCountry>
and Europe.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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