173 lines
18 KiB
XML
173 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="5DBDC8D1DE2D4B323DECC745AE8D281C" ID-CLB-Dataset="27950" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="832ac35c-8871-4041-9321-ea7f2ae5eb41" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610021" ID-ZooBank="A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553624231237" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe & Dorchin, Netta" docDate="2018" docId="AC1F87FEFFF4FF97FF61FA37FC19B7C4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4521.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4521 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Andricus sternlichti Bellido, Pujade-Villar & Melika 2003" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="468" masterDocId="5026FF86FFE4FF86FFF6FFE8FFBAB733" masterDocTitle="The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history" masterLastPageNumber="498" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="467" updateTime="1698713837181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BF49A79D9A68BBFB6899C0FE477AB234">
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<mods:title id="E83C016035D360FF0BB136C98B0761B2">The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3DCF089D34018E476056D56A47BCF71E">Shachar, Einat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4EAA05C61B5F496D208C6BCA6FC08D79">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F50265B37C4703EF3A2015EE83B37CBD">Inbar, Moshe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C74F4EA058B4B265E94A277AF07182BB">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="513A17D2A03831EF563A3B6F10A5CDAF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8E8FE6E0106D60C5D8F50F5DF20B9E2E">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="09863A3830FB4EACBFA14CED0369B7D3">2018-11-16</mods:number>
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<treatment id="AC1F87FEFFF4FF97FF61FA37FC19B7C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949892" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498961" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5949892" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC1F87FEFFF4FF97FF61FA37FC19B7C4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC1F87FEFFF4FF97FF61FA37FC19B7C4" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="468" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF4FF96FF61FA37FCDDB2C9" box="[151,871,1503,1530]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF4FF96FF61FA37FCDDB2C9" blockId="16.[151,871,1503,1530]" box="[151,871,1503,1530]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<heading id="7F418184FFF4FF96FF61FA37FCDDB2C9" bold="true" box="[151,871,1503,1530]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF4FF96FF61FA37FCDDB2C9" authority="Bellido, Pujade-Villar & Melika, 2003" authorityName="Bellido, Pujade-Villar & Melika" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,871,1503,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sternlichti">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FF61FA37FCDDB2C9" bold="true" box="[151,871,1503,1530]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FF61FA37FE3DB2CA" bold="true" box="[151,391,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Andricus sternlichti</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFF4FF96FE78FA08FCDDB2C9" author="Bellido, D. & Ros-Farre, P. & Melika, G. & Pujade-Villar, J." box="[398,871,1504,1530]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" pagination="197 - 248" refId="ref32858" refString="Bellido, D., Ros-Farre, P., Melika, G. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2003) Review of the asexual forms of the Andricus kollari speciesgroup (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipinae, Cynipini). Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 64, 197 - 248." type="journal article" year="2003">Bellido, Pujade-Villar & Melika, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF4FF96FF61F9CEFE49B025" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF4FF96FF61F9CEFECAB151" blockId="16.[151,1437,1574,2031]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FF61F9CEFE9FB10C" bold="true" box="[151,293,1574,1599]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Host plants.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF4FF96FEDAF9CEFED5B10C" box="[300,367,1574,1599]" name="Israel" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Israel</collectingCountry>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF4FF96FE8FF9CFFE40B10D" box="[377,506,1574,1598]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boissieri">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FE8FF9CFFE40B10D" box="[377,506,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Q. boissieri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF4FF96FDFEF9CFFD75B10D" box="[520,719,1574,1598]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedunculiflora">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FDFEF9CFFD75B10D" box="[520,719,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Q. pedunculiflora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Elsewhere:
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FC96F9CFFB28B10C" box="[864,1170,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF4FF96FC96F9CFFC42B10D" box="[864,1016,1574,1598]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">Q. pubescens</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF4FF96FBF5F9CFFB28B10C" box="[1027,1170,1575,1599]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="infectoria">Q. infectoria</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and a few other species of section
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF4FF96FEFAF9A3FED0B151" box="[268,362,1611,1634]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FEFAF9A3FED0B151" box="[268,362,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Quercus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF4FF96FF31F986FE49B025" blockId="16.[151,1437,1574,2031]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FF31F986FEE2B1B4" bold="true" box="[199,344,1646,1671]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Life history.</emphasis>
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Known only from the bud galls of the asexual generation,which are spherical, single-chambered,
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFF4FF96FF61F97BFEA9B199" box="[151,275,1683,1707]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" unit="mm" value="21.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="20.0">20–22 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, attached to the branch by a very short stalk and bear several pointed projections often joined by ridges (
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFF4FF96FEABF95EFE0BB1FC" box="[349,433,1718,1743]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1664,1687]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[152,1435,193,1644]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 17. Andricus coriariformis, asexual generation; 18. Andricus moreae, asexual generation; 19. Andricus sp. 1, asexual generation; 20. Andricus sternlichti, asexual generation; 21. Andricus megatruncicolus, asexual generation; 22. Biorhiza pallida, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610029/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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). Young galls are green and fleshy, turning pale brown and extremely hard when mature. Molecular phylogenetic work (
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFF4FF96FE0EF933FD7BB1C0" author="Stone, G. N. & Atkinson, R. J. & Rokas, A. & Nieves Aldrey, J. L. & Melika, G. & Acs, Z. & Csoka, G. & Hayward, A. & Bailey, R. & Buckee, C. & McVean, G. A. T." box="[504,705,1755,1779]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" pagination="652 - 665" refId="ref36370" refString="Stone, G. N., Atkinson, R. J., Rokas, A., Nieves Aldrey, J. L., Melika, G., Acs, Z., Csoka, G., Hayward, A., Bailey, R., Buckee, C. & McVean, G. A. T. (2008) Evidence for widespread cryptic sexual generations in apparently purely asexual Andricus gallwasps. Molecular Ecology, 17, 652 - 665. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2007.03573. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
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Stone
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FDB5F933FDC4B1C0" box="[579,638,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">et al.</emphasis>
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2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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) suggests that if a sexual generation exists, it probably induces galls on oaks of section
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FE52F917FE56B025" box="[420,492,1791,1814]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Cerris</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF4FF96FF31F8CAFDDBB06C" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" type="description">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF4FF96FF31F8CAFDDBB06C" blockId="16.[151,1437,1574,2031]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FF31F8CAFEF3B008" bold="true" box="[199,329,1826,1851]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Phenology.</emphasis>
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Galls begin to develop in May and adults emerge from them in early October, after which the galls may remain on the tree for several years.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF4FF96FF31F882FDB3B095" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF4FF96FF31F882FDB3B095" blockId="16.[151,1437,1574,2031]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FF31F882FEDAB0B0" bold="true" box="[199,352,1898,1923]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF4FF96FE9EF882FE1CB0B0" box="[360,422,1898,1923]" name="Israel" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Israel</collectingCountry>
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: Common throughout the distribution range of
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF4FF96FC30F883FBF3B0B0" box="[966,1097,1899,1923]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boissieri">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FC30F883FBF3B0B0" box="[966,1097,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Q. boissieri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Elsewhere: widespread from
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF4FF96FF61F867FF59B095" box="[151,227,1935,1958]" name="France" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">France</collectingCountry>
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to
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF4FF96FEF1F866FEE2B094" box="[263,344,1934,1959]" name="Turkey" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF4FF96FE95F866FE24B094" box="[355,414,1934,1959]" name="Syria" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Syria</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF4FF96FE22F867FDBFB095" box="[468,517,1935,1958]" name="Iran" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Iran</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF4FF97FF31F85AFC19B7C4" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="468" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF4FF96FF31F85AFACBB0DD" blockId="16.[151,1437,1574,2031]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FF31F85AFEF5B0F8" bold="true" box="[199,335,1970,1995]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Comments.</emphasis>
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Galls of this species are of the most common cynipid galls on
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF4FF96FBD4F85BFB1FB0F8" box="[1058,1189,1971,1995]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boissieri">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FBD4F85BFB1FB0F8" box="[1058,1189,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Q. boissieri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF4FF96FB3AF85AFAB0B0F8" box="[1228,1290,1970,1995]" name="Israel" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Israel</collectingCountry>
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and are also frequently observed on the introduced
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF4FF96FDBEF83FFCB5B0DD" box="[584,783,2006,2030]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedunculiflora">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FDBEF83FFCB5B0DD" box="[584,783,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Q. pedunculiflora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that is commonly planted in gardens and public areas.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF5FF97FF31FF7FFC19B7C4" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
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The species is named after Sternlicht, who recognized that it was undescribed and intended to describe it as “
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF5FF97FF55FF54FECFB7E7" box="[163,373,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carmelis">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF5FF97FF55FF54FECFB7E7" box="[163,373,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Andricus carmelis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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”. However, the species was described only in 2003 by Bellido
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF5FF97FB9AFF55FB10B7E7" box="[1132,1194,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">et al.</emphasis>
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, who eliminated the confusion between it and
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF5FF97FE40FF08FD33B7CB" box="[438,649,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallaetinctoriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF5FF97FE40FF08FD33B7CB" box="[438,649,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">A. gallaetinctoriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF5FF97FD49FF08FC26B7C4" box="[703,924,224,247]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tinctoriusnostrus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF5FF97FD49FF08FC26B7C4" box="[703,924,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">A. tinctoriusnostrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |