148 lines
15 KiB
XML
148 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="E478323C89B559EFD3980E63A4AC0E24" ID-CLB-Dataset="27950" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="832ac35c-8871-4041-9321-ea7f2ae5eb41" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610021" ID-ZooBank="A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553624231237" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe & Dorchin, Netta" docDate="2018" docId="AC1F87FEFFF4FF96FF61FF7FFA9BB420" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4521.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4521 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Andricus quercustozae" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="467" masterDocId="5026FF86FFE4FF86FFF6FFE8FFBAB733" masterDocTitle="The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history" masterLastPageNumber="498" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="467" updateTime="1698713837181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="1D9058109B4011935B44E2F90E19303A">The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CE072DA3DD5BBBC10E4B45243786AB8D">Shachar, Einat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="983D7B9F689EC6FD9D91DB20E1D6C434">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="43DDCF5359AE2722F93F4B519B49BD3F">Inbar, Moshe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="794CF9B3CF39729195BEA3D74F1F27E5">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6D977DF690E896A1AC47D14C222E2D16">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="201ACA24DA91FD637FC29E38D2D4D782">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CB5AF93FBB61AD1688699E88A47F080C">2018-11-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FC621B71015B9BF26287CB6222262ABB">4521</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="38801ABB2BCBE6E0144571FBD0365535" type="CLB-Dataset">27950</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F5897023EA6B020F714E44C89E180F47" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="AC1F87FEFFF4FF96FF61FF7FFA9BB420" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949888" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498963" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5949888" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC1F87FEFFF4FF96FF61FF7FFA9BB420" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC1F87FEFFF4FF96FF61FF7FFA9BB420" lastPageNumber="467" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF4FF96FF61FF7FFDF3B781" box="[151,585,151,178]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF4FF96FF61FF7FFDF3B781" blockId="16.[151,585,151,178]" box="[151,585,151,178]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<heading id="7F418184FFF4FF96FF61FF7FFDF3B781" bold="true" box="[151,585,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF4FF96FF61FF7FFDF3B781" authority="(Bosc, 1792)" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[151,585,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercustozae">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FF61FF7FFDF3B781" bold="true" box="[151,585,151,178]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FF61FF7FFE11B782" bold="true" box="[151,427,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Andricus quercustozae</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFF4FF96FE4CFF70FDFBB781" author="Bosc" box="[442,577,152,178]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" pagination="156" refId="ref32990" refString="Bosc, d'A. (1792) Supplement a la Cynipedologie. Journal d'Histoire Naturelle, 2, 156." type="journal article" year="1792">Bosc, 1792</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF4FF96FF61FF36FC80B6C0" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF4FF96FF61FF36FBDFB7C5" blockId="16.[151,1437,222,787]" box="[151,1125,222,247]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FF61FF36FE9CB7C4" bold="true" box="[151,294,222,247]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Host plants.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF4FF96FEDBFF36FED1B7C4" box="[301,363,222,247]" name="Israel" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Israel</collectingCountry>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF4FF96FE8DFF37FE47B7C5" box="[379,509,222,246]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boissieri">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FE8DFF37FE47B7C5" box="[379,509,222,246]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Q. boissieri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Elsewhere: several oak species from section
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF4FF96FBF7FF37FBE5B7C5" box="[1025,1119,223,246]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FBF7FF37FBE5B7C5" box="[1025,1119,223,246]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Quercus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF4FF96FF31FEEAFC80B6C0" blockId="16.[151,1437,222,787]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FF31FEEAFEE3B628" bold="true" box="[199,345,258,283]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Life history.</emphasis>
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Known only from the bud galls of the asexual generation, although population genetic evidence strongly supports the existence of an unknown sexual generation (
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFF4FF96FC89FECEFBF1B60C" author="Rokas, A. & Atkinson, R. J. & Webster, L. M. I. & Csoka, G. & Stone, G. N." box="[895,1099,294,319]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" pagination="2153 - 2174" refId="ref35782" refString="Rokas, A., Atkinson, R. J., Webster, L. M. I., Csoka, G. & Stone, G. N. (2003) Out of Anatolia: longitudinal gradients in genetic diversity support an eastern origin for a circum-Mediterranean oak gallwasp Andricus quercustozae. Molecular Ecology, 12, 2153 - 2174. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2003.01894. x" type="journal article" year="2003">
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Rokas
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FC38FECFFBBDB60D" box="[974,1031,294,318]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">et al.</emphasis>
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2003
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The galls constitute some of the most conspicuous cynipid galls in
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF4FF96FDB4FEA2FD3EB650" box="[578,644,330,355]" name="Israel" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Israel</collectingCountry>
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. They are big and spherical (up to
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFF4FF96FBF0FEA3FBEEB651" box="[1030,1108,331,355]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
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in diameter), with a whorl of small, tapered spines around their widest circumference (
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFF4FF96FCC5FE86FC00B6B4" box="[819,954,366,391]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–16" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1669,1692]" captionTargetBox="[152,1427,193,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[152,1427,193,1639]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 11–16. Asexual generation galls on Quercus boissieri. 11. Andricus curtisii; 12. Andricus chodjaii; 13. Andricus quercustozae, young gall; 14. Andricus quercustozae, mature gall; 15. Andricus coriarius, mature gall; 16. Andricus coriarius, old gall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610027/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Figs 13–14</figureCitation>
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). Young developing galls are green, soft, fleshy and very sticky (
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFF4FF96FE42FE7AFDB6B698" box="[436,524,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–16" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1669,1692]" captionTargetBox="[152,1427,193,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[152,1427,193,1639]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 11–16. Asexual generation galls on Quercus boissieri. 11. Andricus curtisii; 12. Andricus chodjaii; 13. Andricus quercustozae, young gall; 14. Andricus quercustozae, mature gall; 15. Andricus coriarius, mature gall; 16. Andricus coriarius, old gall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610027/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
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), and turn purple and woody as they mature. Mature galls are deep purple, resembling the color of a plum, sticky, woody on the outside but spongy on the inside, with a single central larval chamber. Old galls may remain on the tree for several years.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF4FF96FF31FE16FEB1B508" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" type="description">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF4FF96FF31FE16FEB1B508" blockId="16.[151,1437,222,787]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FF31FE16FEF3B524" bold="true" box="[199,329,510,535]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Phenology.</emphasis>
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Galls begin to develop in July and adults emerge the following spring. Adults may diapause for up to 3 years.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF4FF96FF31FDAEFE28B5F8" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF4FF96FF31FDAEFE28B5F8" blockId="16.[151,1437,222,787]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FF31FDAEFEDAB56C" bold="true" box="[199,352,582,607]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF4FF96FE9AFDAEFE14B56C" box="[364,430,582,607]" name="Israel" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Israel</collectingCountry>
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: Mt. Hermon
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<date id="50081028FFF4FF96FDA1FDAEFCBCB56C" box="[599,774,582,607]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" value="1500" valueMax="1780">
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1500 and
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFF4FF96FD38FDAFFCBCB56C" box="[718,774,583,607]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" unit="m" value="1780.0">1780</quantity>
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</date>
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m.a.s.l., Odem Forest, En Zivan, Allone HaBashan, Tel Hazeqa, Mt. Meron (very rare). Certain trees in Odem Forest and Allone HaBashan regularly bear hundreds of galls. Elsewhere: a widespread and common Western Palaearctic species, from North Africa across Southern Europe to
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF4FF96FEFAFD5AFE34B5F8" box="[268,398,690,715]" name="Turkey" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Asia Minor</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF4FF96FF31FD3EFA9BB420" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF4FF96FF31FD3EFA9BB420" blockId="16.[151,1437,222,787]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FF31FD3EFEF5B5DC" bold="true" box="[199,335,726,751]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Comments.</emphasis>
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Galls of this species are somewhat similar to those of
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF4FF96FC5BFD3FFB22B5DC" authority="Hartig" authorityName="Hartig" box="[941,1176,726,751]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hungaricus">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FC5BFD3FFBF0B5DD" box="[941,1098,726,750]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">A. hungaricus</emphasis>
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Hartig
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF4FF96FB2AFD3FFA85B5DC" box="[1244,1343,727,751]" name="Hungary" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Hungary</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF4FF96FABCFD3EFA26B5DC" box="[1354,1436,726,751]" name="Austria" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Austria</collectingCountry>
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and the Balkan, but
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF4FF96FE81FD13FDAFB420" box="[375,533,763,787]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hungaricus">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF4FF96FE81FD13FDAFB420" box="[375,533,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">A. hungaricus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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galls do not have the typical whorl of small spines and are not sticky.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |